On January 7,2025,an Ms6.8 earthquake struck Dingri County,XigazêCity,in the Xizang Autonomous Region.The epicenter,located near the Shenzha-Dingjie fault zone at the boundary between the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau a...On January 7,2025,an Ms6.8 earthquake struck Dingri County,XigazêCity,in the Xizang Autonomous Region.The epicenter,located near the Shenzha-Dingjie fault zone at the boundary between the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the Indian Plate,marked the largest earthquake in the region in recent years.The Shenzha-Dingjie fault zone,situated at the boundary between the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the Indian Plate,is a key tectonic feature in the India-Eurasia collision process,exhibiting both thrust and strike-slip faulting.This study analyzed the disaster characteristics induced by the earthquake using Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry(DIn SAR)to process Sentinel-1 satellite data and derive pre-and post-earthquake surface deformation information.Additionally,high-resolution optical remote sensing data,UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle)imagery,and airborne Li DAR(light detection and ranging)data were employed to analyze the spatial distribution of the surface rupture zone,with field investigations validating the findings.Key results include:(1)Field verification confirmed that potential landslide hazard points identified via optical image interpretation did not exhibit secondary landslide activity;(2)D-In SAR revealed the co-seismic surface deformation pattern,providing detailed deformation information for the Dingri region;(3)Integration of Li DAR and optical imagery further refined and validated surface rupture characteristics identified by optical-In SAR,indicating a predominantly north-south rupture zone.Additionally,surface fracture features extending in a near east-west direction were observed on the southeast side of the epicenter,accompanied by some infrastructure damage;(4)Surface fracture was most severe in high-intensity seismic areas near the epicenter,with the maximum surface displacement approximately 28 km from the epicenter.The earthquake-induced surface deformation zone spanned approximately 6 km by 46 km,with deformation concentrated primarily on the western side of the Dingmucuo Fault,where maximum subsidence of 0.65 m was detected.On the eastern side,uplift was dominant,reaching a maximum of 0.75 m.This earthquake poses significant threats to local communities and infrastructure,underscoring the urgent need for continued monitoring in affected areas.The findings highlight the effectiveness of multi-source data fusion(space-air-ground based observation)in seismic disaster assessment,offering a methodological framework for rapid post-earthquake disaster response.providing a valuable scientific foundation for mitigating secondary disasters in the region.展开更多
The characteristics of nonmetallic inclusions formed during steel production have a significant influence on steel performance.In this paper,studies on inclusions using confocal scanning laser microscopy(CSLM)are revi...The characteristics of nonmetallic inclusions formed during steel production have a significant influence on steel performance.In this paper,studies on inclusions using confocal scanning laser microscopy(CSLM)are reviewed and summarized,particularly the col-lision of various inclusions,dissolution of inclusions in liquid slag,and reactions between inclusions and steel.Solid inclusions exhibited a high collision tendency,whereas pure liquid inclusions exhibited minimal collisions because of the small attraction force induced by their<90°contact angle with molten steel.The collision of complex inclusions in molten steel was not included in the scope of this study and should be evaluated in future studies.Higher CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)and CaO/SiO_(2)ratios in liquid slag promoted the dissolution of Al_(2)O_(3)-based in-clusions.The formation of solid phases in the slag should be prevented to improve dissolution of inclusions.To accurately simulate the dissolution of inclusions in liquid slag,in-situ observation of the dissolution of inclusions at the steel-slag interface is necessary.Using a combination of CSLM and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy,the composition and morphological evolution of the inclusions during their modification by the dissolved elements in steel were observed and analyzed.Although the in-situ observa-tion of MnS and TiN precipitations has been widely studied,the in-situ observation of the evolution of oxide inclusions in steel during so-lidification and heating processes has rarely been reported.The effects of temperature,heating and cooling rates,and inclusion character-istics on the formation of acicular ferrites(AFs)have been widely studied.At a cooling rate of 3-5 K/s,the order of AF growth rate in-duced by different inclusions,as reported in literature,is Ti-O<Ti-Ca-Zr-Al-O<Mg-O<Ti-Zr-Al-O<Mn-Ti-Al-O<Ti-Al-O<Zr-Ti-Al-O.Further comprehensive experiments are required to investigate the quantitative relationship between the formation of AFs and inclusions.展开更多
The Macao satellites differ from their predecessors in their orbits:MSS-1(Macao Science Satellite-1)is in low inclination and the planned MSS-2 will be in highly elliptical orbits.This paper reviews the fundamental ad...The Macao satellites differ from their predecessors in their orbits:MSS-1(Macao Science Satellite-1)is in low inclination and the planned MSS-2 will be in highly elliptical orbits.This paper reviews the fundamental advantages and disadvantages of the different possible magnetic measurements:the component(declination,intensity,etc.)and location(satellite,ground,etc.).When planning a survey the choice of component is the"What?"question;the choice of location the"Where?"question.Results from potential theory inform the choice of measurement and data analysis.For example,knowing the vertical component of magnetic field provides a solution for the full magnetic field everywhere in the potential region.This is the familiar Neumann problem.In reality this ideal dataset is never available.In the past we were restricted to declination data only,then direction only,then total intensity only.There have also been large swathes of Earth's surface with no measurements at all(MSS-1 is restricted to latitudes below).These incomplete datasets throw up new questions for potential theory,questions that have some intriguing answers.When only declination is known uniqueness is provided by horizontal intensity measurements on a single line joining the dip-poles.When only directions are involved uniqueness is provided by a single intensity measurement,at least in principle.Paleomagnetic intensities can help.When only total intensity is known,as was largely the case in the early satellite era,uniqueness is provided by a precise location of the magnetic equator.Holes in the data distribution is a familiar problem in geophysical studies.All magnetic measurements sample,to a greater or lesser extent,the potential field everywhere.There is a trade-off between measurements close to the source,good for small targets and high resolution,and the broader sample of a distant measurement.The sampling of a measurement is given by the appropriate Green's function of the Laplacian,which determines both the resolution and scope of the measurement.For example,radial and horizontal measurements near the Earth's surface give a weighted average of the radial component over a patch of the core surface beneath the measurement site about in radius.The patch is smaller for shallower surfaces,for example from satellite to ground.Holes in the data distribution do not correspond to similar holes at the source surface;the price paid is in resolution of the source.I argue that,in the past,we have been too reluctant to take advantage of incomplete and apparently hopeless datasets.展开更多
The high-temperature dissolution behavior of primary carbides in samples taken from GCr15 continuous-casting bloom was observed in-situ by confocal laser scanning microscopy.Equations were fitted to the dissolution ki...The high-temperature dissolution behavior of primary carbides in samples taken from GCr15 continuous-casting bloom was observed in-situ by confocal laser scanning microscopy.Equations were fitted to the dissolution kinetics of primary carbides during either heating or soaking.Dissolution of carbides proceeded in three stages(fast→slow→faster)as either temperature or holding time was increased.During the heating process and during the first and third stages of the soaking process,the original size of the carbides determined the steepness of the slope,but during the middle(“slow”)stage of the soaking process,the slope remained zero.The initial size of the carbides varied greatly,but their final dissolution temperature fell within the narrow range of 1210-1235℃,and the holding time remained within 50 min.Fractal analysis was used to study the morphological characteristics of small and medium-sized carbides during the dissolution process.According to changes in the fractal dimension before and after soaking,the carbides tended to evolve towards a more regular morphology.展开更多
To elucidate the fracturing mechanism of deep hard rock under complex disturbance environments,this study investigates the dynamic failure behavior of pre-damaged granite subjected to multi-source dynamic disturbances...To elucidate the fracturing mechanism of deep hard rock under complex disturbance environments,this study investigates the dynamic failure behavior of pre-damaged granite subjected to multi-source dynamic disturbances.Blasting vibration monitoring was conducted in a deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel to characterize in-situ dynamic loading conditions.Subsequently,true triaxial compression tests incorporating multi-source disturbances were performed using a self-developed wide-low-frequency true triaxial system to simulate disturbance accumulation and damage evolution in granite.The results demonstrate that combined dynamic disturbances and unloading damage significantly accelerate strength degradation and trigger shear-slip failure along preferentially oriented blast-induced fractures,with strength reductions up to 16.7%.Layered failure was observed on the free surface of pre-damaged granite under biaxial loading,indicating a disturbance-induced fracture localization mechanism.Time-stress-fracture-energy coupling fields were constructed to reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics of fracture evolution.Critical precursor frequency bands(105-150,185-225,and 300-325 kHz)were identified,which serve as diagnostic signatures of impending failure.A dynamic instability mechanism driven by multi-source disturbance superposition and pre-damage evolution was established.Furthermore,a grouting-based wave-absorption control strategy was proposed to mitigate deep dynamic disasters by attenuating disturbance amplitude and reducing excitation frequency.展开更多
Micro-nano Earth Observation Satellite(MEOS)constellation has the advantages of low construction cost,short revisit cycle,and high functional density,which is considered a promising solution for serving rapidly growin...Micro-nano Earth Observation Satellite(MEOS)constellation has the advantages of low construction cost,short revisit cycle,and high functional density,which is considered a promising solution for serving rapidly growing observation demands.The observation Scheduling Problem in the MEOS constellation(MEOSSP)is a challenging issue due to the large number of satellites and tasks,as well as complex observation constraints.To address the large-scale and complicated MEOSSP,we develop a Two-Stage Scheduling Algorithm based on the Pointer Network with Attention mechanism(TSSA-PNA).In TSSA-PNA,the MEOS observation scheduling is decomposed into a task allocation stage and a single-MEOS scheduling stage.In the task allocation stage,an adaptive task allocation algorithm with four problem-specific allocation operators is proposed to reallocate the unscheduled tasks to new MEOSs.Regarding the single-MEOS scheduling stage,we design a pointer network based on the encoder-decoder architecture to learn the optimal singleMEOS scheduling solution and introduce the attention mechanism into the encoder to improve the learning efficiency.The Pointer Network with Attention mechanism(PNA)can generate the single-MEOS scheduling solution quickly in an end-to-end manner.These two decomposed stages are performed iteratively to search for the solution with high profit.A greedy local search algorithm is developed to improve the profits further.The performance of the PNA and TSSA-PNA on singleMEOS and multi-MEOS scheduling problems are evaluated in the experiments.The experimental results demonstrate that PNA can obtain the approximate solution for the single-MEOS scheduling problem in a short time.Besides,the TSSA-PNA can achieve higher observation profits than the existing scheduling algorithms within the acceptable computational time for the large-scale MEOS scheduling problem.展开更多
The SiO_(2) inverse opal photonic crystals(PC)with a three-dimensional macroporous structure were fabricated by the sacrificial template method,followed by infiltration of a pyrene derivative,1-(pyren-8-yl)but-3-en-1-...The SiO_(2) inverse opal photonic crystals(PC)with a three-dimensional macroporous structure were fabricated by the sacrificial template method,followed by infiltration of a pyrene derivative,1-(pyren-8-yl)but-3-en-1-amine(PEA),to achieve a formaldehyde(FA)-sensitive and fluorescence-enhanced sensing film.Utilizing the specific Aza-Cope rearrangement reaction of allylamine of PEA and FA to generate a strong fluorescent product emitted at approximately 480 nm,we chose a PC whose blue band edge of stopband overlapped with the fluorescence emission wavelength.In virtue of the fluorescence enhancement property derived from slow photon effect of PC,FA was detected highly selectively and sensitively.The limit of detection(LoD)was calculated to be 1.38 nmol/L.Furthermore,the fast detection of FA(within 1 min)is realized due to the interconnected three-dimensional macroporous structure of the inverse opal PC and its high specific surface area.The prepared sensing film can be used for the detection of FA in air,aquatic products and living cells.The very close FA content in indoor air to the result from FA detector,the recovery rate of 101.5%for detecting FA in aquatic products and fast fluorescence imaging in 2 min for living cells demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of our method in practical applications.展开更多
Due to the development of cloud computing and machine learning,users can upload their data to the cloud for machine learning model training.However,dishonest clouds may infer user data,resulting in user data leakage.P...Due to the development of cloud computing and machine learning,users can upload their data to the cloud for machine learning model training.However,dishonest clouds may infer user data,resulting in user data leakage.Previous schemes have achieved secure outsourced computing,but they suffer from low computational accuracy,difficult-to-handle heterogeneous distribution of data from multiple sources,and high computational cost,which result in extremely poor user experience and expensive cloud computing costs.To address the above problems,we propose amulti-precision,multi-sourced,andmulti-key outsourcing neural network training scheme.Firstly,we design a multi-precision functional encryption computation based on Euclidean division.Second,we design the outsourcing model training algorithm based on a multi-precision functional encryption with multi-sourced heterogeneity.Finally,we conduct experiments on three datasets.The results indicate that our framework achieves an accuracy improvement of 6%to 30%.Additionally,it offers a memory space optimization of 1.0×2^(24) times compared to the previous best approach.展开更多
This paper deeply discusses the causes of gear howling noise,the identification and analysis of multi-source excitation,the transmission path of dynamic noise,simulation and experimental research,case analysis,optimiz...This paper deeply discusses the causes of gear howling noise,the identification and analysis of multi-source excitation,the transmission path of dynamic noise,simulation and experimental research,case analysis,optimization effect,etc.,aiming to better provide a certain guideline and reference for relevant researchers.展开更多
Taking the Ming Tombs Forest Farm in Beijing as the research object,this research applied multi-source data fusion and GIS heat-map overlay analysis techniques,systematically collected bird observation point data from...Taking the Ming Tombs Forest Farm in Beijing as the research object,this research applied multi-source data fusion and GIS heat-map overlay analysis techniques,systematically collected bird observation point data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility(GBIF),population distribution data from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL)in the United States,as well as information on the composition of tree species in suitable forest areas for birds and the forest geographical information of the Ming Tombs Forest Farm,which is based on literature research and field investigations.By using GIS technology,spatial processing was carried out on bird observation points and population distribution data to identify suitable bird-watching areas in different seasons.Then,according to the suitability value range,these areas were classified into different grades(from unsuitable to highly suitable).The research findings indicated that there was significant spatial heterogeneity in the bird-watching suitability of the Ming Tombs Forest Farm.The north side of the reservoir was generally a core area with high suitability in all seasons.The deep-aged broad-leaved mixed forests supported the overlapping co-existence of the ecological niches of various bird species,such as the Zosterops simplex and Urocissa erythrorhyncha.In contrast,the shallow forest-edge coniferous pure forests and mixed forests were more suitable for specialized species like Carduelis sinica.The southern urban area and the core area of the mausoleums had relatively low suitability due to ecological fragmentation or human interference.Based on these results,this paper proposed a three-level protection framework of“core area conservation—buffer zone management—isolation zone construction”and a spatio-temporal coordinated human-bird co-existence strategy.It was also suggested that the human-bird co-existence space could be optimized through measures such as constructing sound and light buffer interfaces,restoring ecological corridors,and integrating cultural heritage elements.This research provided an operational technical approach and decision-making support for the scientific planning of bird-watching sites and the coordination of ecological protection and tourism development.展开更多
This study explored the observation strategy and effectiveness of synoptic-scale adaptive observations for improving sea fog prediction in coastal regions around the Bohai Sea based on a poorly predicted fog event wit...This study explored the observation strategy and effectiveness of synoptic-scale adaptive observations for improving sea fog prediction in coastal regions around the Bohai Sea based on a poorly predicted fog event with cold-front synoptic pattern(CFSP).An ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation system for the Weather Research and Forecasting model was adopted with ensemble sensitivity analysis(ESA).By comparing observation impacts(estimated from a 40-member ensemble with ESA)among different meteorological observation variables and pressure levels,the temperature at 850 hPa and surface layer(850 hPa-and-surface temperature)was selected as the target observation type.Additionally,the area with large observation impacts for this observation type was predicted in the transition region of the surface low–high system.This area developed southward with the low and moved eastward with the low–high system,which could be explained by the main features of CFSP.Moreover,both experiments assimilating synthetic and real observations showed that assimilating 850 hPa-and-surface temperature observations generally yielded better fog coverage forecasts in areas with greater observation impacts than areas with smaller impacts.However,the effectiveness of adaptive observations was reduced when real observations rather than synthetic observations were assimilated,which is possibly due to factors such as observation and model errors.The main conclusions above were verified by another typical fog event with CFSP characteristics.Results of this study highlight the importance of improved initial conditions in the transition region of the low–high system for improving fog prediction and provide scientific guidance for implementing an observation network for fog forecasting over the Bohai Sea.展开更多
The ice-phase microphysical characteristics of a stratiform cloud system over the Qilian Mountains in northwestern China on 15 September 2022 were analyzed via aircraft data.The stratiform cloud system developed under...The ice-phase microphysical characteristics of a stratiform cloud system over the Qilian Mountains in northwestern China on 15 September 2022 were analyzed via aircraft data.The stratiform cloud system developed under southwesterly flows at 500 hPa and was affected locally by topography.Synoptic features and aircraft observations revealed strengthened cloud development on the leeward slope.The ice particle habits and microphysical processes at heights of 6-8 km were investigated.The cloud system was characterized by extremely low supercooled liquid water content at temperatures between−4℃ and−17℃.The ice particle concentrations ranged predominantly from 10 to 30 L^(−1),corresponding to ice water content ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 g m^(−3).Active ice aggregation was observed at temperatures colder than−10°C.The windward side of the cloud system exhibited weaker development and two distinct cloud layers.Intense orographic uplift on the leeward slope enhanced ice particle aggregation.The clouds on the leeside presented lower ice particle concentrations but larger sizes than those on the windward side.The influence of aggregation on the ice particle size distribution was reflected in two main aspects.One aspect was the bimodal spectra at−16℃,with the first peak at 125μm and subpeak at 400-500μm;the other was the broadened size spectra at−13℃ due to significant aggregation of dendrites.展开更多
Earth-based deep space radar studies celestial bodies by both transmitting and receiving radio waves,whereas radio telescopes only work passively.On the operational level,radar missions use only short observation time...Earth-based deep space radar studies celestial bodies by both transmitting and receiving radio waves,whereas radio telescopes only work passively.On the operational level,radar missions use only short observation times,which leaves a large portion of the time available for astronomical observations.However,the design principles used for radar and radio telescopes differ.Technical challenges are involved in making the instruments required to meet the requirements of these two applications simultaneously.In this study,we have attempted to tune a deep space radar system for use in radio astronomical applications and conducted a successful pulsar observation,thus demonstrating the feasibility of using radar systems,particularly distributed deep space radar,to perform astronomical research.Additionally,given the limited astronomical capacity available within the observed frequency range,this system has the potential to contribute to the long-term monitoring of specific radio sources.This work represents the first successful attempt to use an Earth-based deep space radar system to perform radio astronomy in China.We also discuss the challenges of tuning a built radar system for astronomical observation applications and propose recommendations for the design of future large-scale distributed deep space radar systems with innate astronomical capabilities.展开更多
Fractures play a crucial role in various fields such as hydrocarbon exploration,groundwater resources management,and earthquake research.The determination of fracture location and the estimation of parameters such as ...Fractures play a crucial role in various fields such as hydrocarbon exploration,groundwater resources management,and earthquake research.The determination of fracture location and the estimation of parameters such as fracture length and dip angle are the focus of geophysical work.In borehole observation system,the short distance between fractures and detectors leads to weak attenuation of elastic wave energy,and high-frequency source makes it easier to identify small-scale fractures.Compared to traditional monopole logging methods,dipole logging method has advantage of exciting pure shear waves sensitive to fractures,so its application is becoming increasingly widespread.However,since the reflected shear waves and scattered shear waves of fractures correspond to different fracture properties,how to distinguish and analyze these two kinds of waves is crucial for accurately characterizing the fracture parameters.To address this issue,numerical simulation of wave responses by a single fracture near a borehole in rock formation is performed,and the generation mechanism and characteristics of shear waves scattered by fractures are investigated.It is found that when the dip angle of the fracture surpasses a critical threshold,the S-wave will propagate to both endpoints of the fracture and generate scattered S-waves,resulting in two distinct scattered wave packets on the received waveform.When the polarization direction of the acoustic source is parallel to the strike of the fracture,the scattered SH-waves always have larger amplitude than the scattered SV-waves regardless of changing the fracture dip angle.Unlike SV-waves,the SH-waves scattered by the fracture do not have any mode conversion.Additionally,propagation of S-waves to a short length fracture can induce dipole mode vibration of the fracture within a wide frequency range.The phenomena of shear waves reflected and scattered by the fracture are further illustrated and verified by two field examples,thus showing the potential of scattered waves for fracture evaluation and characterization with borehole observation system.展开更多
Objective: This study focuses on the clinical observation of the impact of different treatment methods for gestational heart failure on delivery outcomes. Method: A total of 160 pregnant women with heart failure admit...Objective: This study focuses on the clinical observation of the impact of different treatment methods for gestational heart failure on delivery outcomes. Method: A total of 160 pregnant women with heart failure admitted to our hospital between October 2020 and October 2021 were selected as the study subjects. They were categorized based on delivery mode, delivery timing, heart failure control time, and cardiac function status. The delivery outcomes of the different groups were then compared. Result: In terms of delivery methods, the rate of neonatal asphyxia was higher following vaginal delivery than cesarean section. Regarding delivery timing, the neonatal mortality rate was lower for cesarean sections performed at 32-36 + 6 weeks compared to those conducted at 37-39 + 6 weeks. With respect to heart failure control time, the rates of neonatal asphyxia and pulmonary hyaline membrane disease were lower in the ≤ 48- hour group than in the > 48-hour group. From the perspective of cardiac function status, patients with cardiac function I- II exhibited relatively lower rates of neonatal asphyxia and perinatal mortality compared to those with cardiac function III-IV. The observed differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: For patients with gestational heart failure, cesarean section is the recommended mode of delivery, with the optimal timing being between 32 and 36+6 weeks of pregnancy. During cesarean section, the timing of delivery should be carefully selected based on the mother’s cardiac function status.展开更多
Seasonal precipitation has always been a key focus of climate prediction.As a dynamic-statistical combined method,the existing observational constraint correction establishes a regression relationship between the nume...Seasonal precipitation has always been a key focus of climate prediction.As a dynamic-statistical combined method,the existing observational constraint correction establishes a regression relationship between the numerical model outputs and historical observations,which can partly predict seasonal precipitation.However,solving a nonlinear problem through linear regression is significantly biased.This study implements a nonlinear optimization of an existing observational constrained correction model using a Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LightGBM)machine learning algorithm based on output from the Beijing National Climate Center Climate System Model(BCC-CSM)and station observations to improve the prediction of summer precipitation in China.The model was trained using a rolling approach,and LightGBM outperformed Linear Regression(LR),Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and Categorical Boosting(CatBoost).Using parameter tuning to optimize the machine learning model and predict future summer precipitation using eight different predictors in BCC-CSM,the mean Anomaly Correlation Coefficient(ACC)score in the 2019–22 summer precipitation predictions was 0.17,and the mean Prediction Score(PS)reached 74.The PS score was improved by 7.87%and 6.63%compared with the BCC-CSM and the linear observational constraint approach,respectively.The observational constraint correction prediction strategy with LightGBM significantly and stably improved the prediction of summer precipitation in China compared to the previous linear observational constraint solution,providing a reference for flood control and drought relief during the flood season(summer)in China.展开更多
In this paper,Wuzhou City of Guangxi was taken as the research object.Through the design of a climatic data warehousing system,the decoding methods of surface meteorological data and their application in the managemen...In this paper,Wuzhou City of Guangxi was taken as the research object.Through the design of a climatic data warehousing system,the decoding methods of surface meteorological data and their application in the management of climatic data were explored.Based on the parsing technology of the monthly report of surface meteorological records(A-file),the design of Wuzhou climatic data warehousing system was realized,completing the precise extraction and database construction of observational elements such as regional temperature,wind direction,and weather phenomena.Based on this system,the meteorological data in 2024 were analyzed,and the probabilistic characteristics of dominant wind direction in Wuzhou(northeast wind accounting for the largest proportion),the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of extreme temperatures(annual extreme high temperature of 37.1℃in August and extreme low temperature of 1.9℃in January),and the general climatic overview of Wuzhou City(annual precipitation 3.2%higher than the standard value)were revealed.The research shows that climate change has a significant impact on agricultural production and economic development in Wuzhou City,and the construction of a reasonable climatic data database is of great significance for enhancing professional meteorological service capabilities in the context of climate change.This study not only provides a scientific basis for the economic development of Wuzhou region,but also offers reference ideas for other regions to cope with regional climate adaptation planning.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the distribution of health literacy(HL)levels and the association of HL with proactive personality in patients with permanent colostomy.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to measure...Objective:To investigate the distribution of health literacy(HL)levels and the association of HL with proactive personality in patients with permanent colostomy.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to measure proactive personality and HL using validated scales.A total of 172 patients with permanent colostomy were selected from January 2021 to May 2022 in Yantai City,China.Descriptive statistics,t-test,ANOVA,Pearson correlation analysis,and multiple linear regression analysis techniques were used.Results:The results obtained from the study showed that the HL status of the participants was moderate.The correlation between participants’total HL scores and proactive personality scores was 0.417(P-value<0.001).In addition,HL showed statistically significant differences according to education level,place of residence,profession,and average monthly household income.Conclusions:This study showed that patients with higher proactive personality scores had higher HL.The key stakeholders require several positive strategies to improve the HL of patients with permanent colostomy by cultivating their proactive personalities,and these important policies will help to improve patient health and quality of life.展开更多
Solar energy is a pivotal clean energy source in the transition to carbon neutrality from fossil fuels.However,the intermittent and stochastic characteristics of solar radiation pose challenges for accurate simulation...Solar energy is a pivotal clean energy source in the transition to carbon neutrality from fossil fuels.However,the intermittent and stochastic characteristics of solar radiation pose challenges for accurate simulation and prediction.Accurately simulating and predicting solar radiation and its variability are crucial for optimizing solar energy utilization.This study conducted simulation experiments using the WRF-Solar model from 25 June to 25 July 2022,to evaluate the accuracy and performance of the simulated solar radiation across China.The simulations covered the whole country with a grid spacing of 27 km and were compared with ground observation network data from the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network.The results indicated that WRF-Solar can accurately capture the spatiotemporal patterns of global horizontal irradiance over China,but there is still an overestimation of solar radiation,and the model underestimates the total cloud cover.The root-mean-square error ranged from 92.83 to 188.13 W m^(-2) and the mean bias(MB)ranged from 21.05 to 56.22 W m^(-2).The simulation showed the smallest MB at Lhasa on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau,while the largest MB was observed in Southeast China.To enhance the accuracy of solar radiation simulation,the authors compared the Fast All-sky Radiation Model for Solar with the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for General Circulation Models and found that the former provides better simulation.展开更多
For all-sky infrared radiance assimilation,the heteroscedasticity and non-Gaussian behavior of observation-minusbackground(OMB)departures are two major difficulties.The Geer–Bauer observation error inflation(GBOEI)sc...For all-sky infrared radiance assimilation,the heteroscedasticity and non-Gaussian behavior of observation-minusbackground(OMB)departures are two major difficulties.The Geer–Bauer observation error inflation(GBOEI)scheme is a universal way to handle the issues.However,it fails to take into account the consistency between model and observation,resulting in unreasonably large observation errors where the simulations agree with the observations.Thus,this study modifies the GBOEI scheme to rationalize the observation errors in such areas.With Advanced Himawari Imager water vapor channel data,the test results show that the normalized OMB with the new observation error approach leads to more Gaussian form than the GBOEI method and constant observation errors.Hence,the assimilation experiments with the new scheme produce better brightness temperature analysis than other methods,and also improve temperature and humidity analysis.Furthermore,a real case experiment of Typhoon Lekima(2019)with the new observation error scheme exhibits more accuracy,especially in track prediction,and substantial error reductions in wind,temperature,and humidity forecasts are also obtained.Meanwhile,5-day 6-hour cycling experiments in the real case of Typhoon Lekima(2019)with the new observation error scheme confirm that the new method does not introduce extra imbalance compared to the experiment with constant observation errors;plus,more accurate typhoon forecasts can also be obtained in both the analysis and forecast,especially in track prediction.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42477170)the Major Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42090054)+1 种基金the Research Fund Program of Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Eco-Environment Geology(No.HBREGKFJJ-202411)Innovative Group Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2024AFA015)。
文摘On January 7,2025,an Ms6.8 earthquake struck Dingri County,XigazêCity,in the Xizang Autonomous Region.The epicenter,located near the Shenzha-Dingjie fault zone at the boundary between the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the Indian Plate,marked the largest earthquake in the region in recent years.The Shenzha-Dingjie fault zone,situated at the boundary between the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the Indian Plate,is a key tectonic feature in the India-Eurasia collision process,exhibiting both thrust and strike-slip faulting.This study analyzed the disaster characteristics induced by the earthquake using Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry(DIn SAR)to process Sentinel-1 satellite data and derive pre-and post-earthquake surface deformation information.Additionally,high-resolution optical remote sensing data,UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle)imagery,and airborne Li DAR(light detection and ranging)data were employed to analyze the spatial distribution of the surface rupture zone,with field investigations validating the findings.Key results include:(1)Field verification confirmed that potential landslide hazard points identified via optical image interpretation did not exhibit secondary landslide activity;(2)D-In SAR revealed the co-seismic surface deformation pattern,providing detailed deformation information for the Dingri region;(3)Integration of Li DAR and optical imagery further refined and validated surface rupture characteristics identified by optical-In SAR,indicating a predominantly north-south rupture zone.Additionally,surface fracture features extending in a near east-west direction were observed on the southeast side of the epicenter,accompanied by some infrastructure damage;(4)Surface fracture was most severe in high-intensity seismic areas near the epicenter,with the maximum surface displacement approximately 28 km from the epicenter.The earthquake-induced surface deformation zone spanned approximately 6 km by 46 km,with deformation concentrated primarily on the western side of the Dingmucuo Fault,where maximum subsidence of 0.65 m was detected.On the eastern side,uplift was dominant,reaching a maximum of 0.75 m.This earthquake poses significant threats to local communities and infrastructure,underscoring the urgent need for continued monitoring in affected areas.The findings highlight the effectiveness of multi-source data fusion(space-air-ground based observation)in seismic disaster assessment,offering a methodological framework for rapid post-earthquake disaster response.providing a valuable scientific foundation for mitigating secondary disasters in the region.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program(No.2023YFB3709900)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20171)+2 种基金China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation(No.BWLCF202315)the High Steel Center(HSC)at North China University of TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing,China.
文摘The characteristics of nonmetallic inclusions formed during steel production have a significant influence on steel performance.In this paper,studies on inclusions using confocal scanning laser microscopy(CSLM)are reviewed and summarized,particularly the col-lision of various inclusions,dissolution of inclusions in liquid slag,and reactions between inclusions and steel.Solid inclusions exhibited a high collision tendency,whereas pure liquid inclusions exhibited minimal collisions because of the small attraction force induced by their<90°contact angle with molten steel.The collision of complex inclusions in molten steel was not included in the scope of this study and should be evaluated in future studies.Higher CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)and CaO/SiO_(2)ratios in liquid slag promoted the dissolution of Al_(2)O_(3)-based in-clusions.The formation of solid phases in the slag should be prevented to improve dissolution of inclusions.To accurately simulate the dissolution of inclusions in liquid slag,in-situ observation of the dissolution of inclusions at the steel-slag interface is necessary.Using a combination of CSLM and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy,the composition and morphological evolution of the inclusions during their modification by the dissolved elements in steel were observed and analyzed.Although the in-situ observa-tion of MnS and TiN precipitations has been widely studied,the in-situ observation of the evolution of oxide inclusions in steel during so-lidification and heating processes has rarely been reported.The effects of temperature,heating and cooling rates,and inclusion character-istics on the formation of acicular ferrites(AFs)have been widely studied.At a cooling rate of 3-5 K/s,the order of AF growth rate in-duced by different inclusions,as reported in literature,is Ti-O<Ti-Ca-Zr-Al-O<Mg-O<Ti-Zr-Al-O<Mn-Ti-Al-O<Ti-Al-O<Zr-Ti-Al-O.Further comprehensive experiments are required to investigate the quantitative relationship between the formation of AFs and inclusions.
文摘The Macao satellites differ from their predecessors in their orbits:MSS-1(Macao Science Satellite-1)is in low inclination and the planned MSS-2 will be in highly elliptical orbits.This paper reviews the fundamental advantages and disadvantages of the different possible magnetic measurements:the component(declination,intensity,etc.)and location(satellite,ground,etc.).When planning a survey the choice of component is the"What?"question;the choice of location the"Where?"question.Results from potential theory inform the choice of measurement and data analysis.For example,knowing the vertical component of magnetic field provides a solution for the full magnetic field everywhere in the potential region.This is the familiar Neumann problem.In reality this ideal dataset is never available.In the past we were restricted to declination data only,then direction only,then total intensity only.There have also been large swathes of Earth's surface with no measurements at all(MSS-1 is restricted to latitudes below).These incomplete datasets throw up new questions for potential theory,questions that have some intriguing answers.When only declination is known uniqueness is provided by horizontal intensity measurements on a single line joining the dip-poles.When only directions are involved uniqueness is provided by a single intensity measurement,at least in principle.Paleomagnetic intensities can help.When only total intensity is known,as was largely the case in the early satellite era,uniqueness is provided by a precise location of the magnetic equator.Holes in the data distribution is a familiar problem in geophysical studies.All magnetic measurements sample,to a greater or lesser extent,the potential field everywhere.There is a trade-off between measurements close to the source,good for small targets and high resolution,and the broader sample of a distant measurement.The sampling of a measurement is given by the appropriate Green's function of the Laplacian,which determines both the resolution and scope of the measurement.For example,radial and horizontal measurements near the Earth's surface give a weighted average of the radial component over a patch of the core surface beneath the measurement site about in radius.The patch is smaller for shallower surfaces,for example from satellite to ground.Holes in the data distribution do not correspond to similar holes at the source surface;the price paid is in resolution of the source.I argue that,in the past,we have been too reluctant to take advantage of incomplete and apparently hopeless datasets.
基金supported by Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy,Shanghai University(SKLASS-2023-Z13)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.19DZ2270200)+1 种基金A portion of the work was performed at US National High Magnetic Field Laboratory,which is supported by the National Science Foundation(Cooperative Agreement No.DMR-1157490 and DMR-1644779)the State of Florida.Thanks also to Mary Tyler for editing.
文摘The high-temperature dissolution behavior of primary carbides in samples taken from GCr15 continuous-casting bloom was observed in-situ by confocal laser scanning microscopy.Equations were fitted to the dissolution kinetics of primary carbides during either heating or soaking.Dissolution of carbides proceeded in three stages(fast→slow→faster)as either temperature or holding time was increased.During the heating process and during the first and third stages of the soaking process,the original size of the carbides determined the steepness of the slope,but during the middle(“slow”)stage of the soaking process,the slope remained zero.The initial size of the carbides varied greatly,but their final dissolution temperature fell within the narrow range of 1210-1235℃,and the holding time remained within 50 min.Fractal analysis was used to study the morphological characteristics of small and medium-sized carbides during the dissolution process.According to changes in the fractal dimension before and after soaking,the carbides tended to evolve towards a more regular morphology.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB2603602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52222810 and 52178383).
文摘To elucidate the fracturing mechanism of deep hard rock under complex disturbance environments,this study investigates the dynamic failure behavior of pre-damaged granite subjected to multi-source dynamic disturbances.Blasting vibration monitoring was conducted in a deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel to characterize in-situ dynamic loading conditions.Subsequently,true triaxial compression tests incorporating multi-source disturbances were performed using a self-developed wide-low-frequency true triaxial system to simulate disturbance accumulation and damage evolution in granite.The results demonstrate that combined dynamic disturbances and unloading damage significantly accelerate strength degradation and trigger shear-slip failure along preferentially oriented blast-induced fractures,with strength reductions up to 16.7%.Layered failure was observed on the free surface of pre-damaged granite under biaxial loading,indicating a disturbance-induced fracture localization mechanism.Time-stress-fracture-energy coupling fields were constructed to reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics of fracture evolution.Critical precursor frequency bands(105-150,185-225,and 300-325 kHz)were identified,which serve as diagnostic signatures of impending failure.A dynamic instability mechanism driven by multi-source disturbance superposition and pre-damage evolution was established.Furthermore,a grouting-based wave-absorption control strategy was proposed to mitigate deep dynamic disasters by attenuating disturbance amplitude and reducing excitation frequency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62101587)the National Funded Postdoctoral Researcher Program of China(No.GZC20233578)。
文摘Micro-nano Earth Observation Satellite(MEOS)constellation has the advantages of low construction cost,short revisit cycle,and high functional density,which is considered a promising solution for serving rapidly growing observation demands.The observation Scheduling Problem in the MEOS constellation(MEOSSP)is a challenging issue due to the large number of satellites and tasks,as well as complex observation constraints.To address the large-scale and complicated MEOSSP,we develop a Two-Stage Scheduling Algorithm based on the Pointer Network with Attention mechanism(TSSA-PNA).In TSSA-PNA,the MEOS observation scheduling is decomposed into a task allocation stage and a single-MEOS scheduling stage.In the task allocation stage,an adaptive task allocation algorithm with four problem-specific allocation operators is proposed to reallocate the unscheduled tasks to new MEOSs.Regarding the single-MEOS scheduling stage,we design a pointer network based on the encoder-decoder architecture to learn the optimal singleMEOS scheduling solution and introduce the attention mechanism into the encoder to improve the learning efficiency.The Pointer Network with Attention mechanism(PNA)can generate the single-MEOS scheduling solution quickly in an end-to-end manner.These two decomposed stages are performed iteratively to search for the solution with high profit.A greedy local search algorithm is developed to improve the profits further.The performance of the PNA and TSSA-PNA on singleMEOS and multi-MEOS scheduling problems are evaluated in the experiments.The experimental results demonstrate that PNA can obtain the approximate solution for the single-MEOS scheduling problem in a short time.Besides,the TSSA-PNA can achieve higher observation profits than the existing scheduling algorithms within the acceptable computational time for the large-scale MEOS scheduling problem.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21663032 and 22061041)the Open Sharing Platform for Scientific and Technological Resources of Shaanxi Province(2021PT-004)the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of China(S202110719044)。
文摘The SiO_(2) inverse opal photonic crystals(PC)with a three-dimensional macroporous structure were fabricated by the sacrificial template method,followed by infiltration of a pyrene derivative,1-(pyren-8-yl)but-3-en-1-amine(PEA),to achieve a formaldehyde(FA)-sensitive and fluorescence-enhanced sensing film.Utilizing the specific Aza-Cope rearrangement reaction of allylamine of PEA and FA to generate a strong fluorescent product emitted at approximately 480 nm,we chose a PC whose blue band edge of stopband overlapped with the fluorescence emission wavelength.In virtue of the fluorescence enhancement property derived from slow photon effect of PC,FA was detected highly selectively and sensitively.The limit of detection(LoD)was calculated to be 1.38 nmol/L.Furthermore,the fast detection of FA(within 1 min)is realized due to the interconnected three-dimensional macroporous structure of the inverse opal PC and its high specific surface area.The prepared sensing film can be used for the detection of FA in air,aquatic products and living cells.The very close FA content in indoor air to the result from FA detector,the recovery rate of 101.5%for detecting FA in aquatic products and fast fluorescence imaging in 2 min for living cells demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of our method in practical applications.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62303126,62362008,author Z.Z,https://www.nsfc.gov.cn/,accessed on 20 December 2024)Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of Guizhou Province([2024]014)+2 种基金Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(No.ZK[2022]General149) ,author Z.Z,https://kjt.guizhou.gov.cn/,accessed on 20 December 2024)The Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security,Ministry of Education under Grant 2023ZD037,author Z.Z,https://www.gzu.edu.cn/,accessed on 20 December 2024)Open Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology,Zhejiang University,China(No.ICT2024B25),author Z.Z,https://www.gzu.edu.cn/,accessed on 20 December 2024).
文摘Due to the development of cloud computing and machine learning,users can upload their data to the cloud for machine learning model training.However,dishonest clouds may infer user data,resulting in user data leakage.Previous schemes have achieved secure outsourced computing,but they suffer from low computational accuracy,difficult-to-handle heterogeneous distribution of data from multiple sources,and high computational cost,which result in extremely poor user experience and expensive cloud computing costs.To address the above problems,we propose amulti-precision,multi-sourced,andmulti-key outsourcing neural network training scheme.Firstly,we design a multi-precision functional encryption computation based on Euclidean division.Second,we design the outsourcing model training algorithm based on a multi-precision functional encryption with multi-sourced heterogeneity.Finally,we conduct experiments on three datasets.The results indicate that our framework achieves an accuracy improvement of 6%to 30%.Additionally,it offers a memory space optimization of 1.0×2^(24) times compared to the previous best approach.
文摘This paper deeply discusses the causes of gear howling noise,the identification and analysis of multi-source excitation,the transmission path of dynamic noise,simulation and experimental research,case analysis,optimization effect,etc.,aiming to better provide a certain guideline and reference for relevant researchers.
基金Sponsored by Beijing Youth Innovation Talent Support Program for Urban Greening and Landscaping——The 2024 Special Project for Promoting High-Quality Development of Beijing’s Landscaping through Scientific and Technological Innovation(KJCXQT202410).
文摘Taking the Ming Tombs Forest Farm in Beijing as the research object,this research applied multi-source data fusion and GIS heat-map overlay analysis techniques,systematically collected bird observation point data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility(GBIF),population distribution data from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL)in the United States,as well as information on the composition of tree species in suitable forest areas for birds and the forest geographical information of the Ming Tombs Forest Farm,which is based on literature research and field investigations.By using GIS technology,spatial processing was carried out on bird observation points and population distribution data to identify suitable bird-watching areas in different seasons.Then,according to the suitability value range,these areas were classified into different grades(from unsuitable to highly suitable).The research findings indicated that there was significant spatial heterogeneity in the bird-watching suitability of the Ming Tombs Forest Farm.The north side of the reservoir was generally a core area with high suitability in all seasons.The deep-aged broad-leaved mixed forests supported the overlapping co-existence of the ecological niches of various bird species,such as the Zosterops simplex and Urocissa erythrorhyncha.In contrast,the shallow forest-edge coniferous pure forests and mixed forests were more suitable for specialized species like Carduelis sinica.The southern urban area and the core area of the mausoleums had relatively low suitability due to ecological fragmentation or human interference.Based on these results,this paper proposed a three-level protection framework of“core area conservation—buffer zone management—isolation zone construction”and a spatio-temporal coordinated human-bird co-existence strategy.It was also suggested that the human-bird co-existence space could be optimized through measures such as constructing sound and light buffer interfaces,restoring ecological corridors,and integrating cultural heritage elements.This research provided an operational technical approach and decision-making support for the scientific planning of bird-watching sites and the coordination of ecological protection and tourism development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41705081)the Shandong Natural Science Foundation Project(Grant No.ZR2019ZD12)the Laoshan Laboratory(Grant No.LSKJ202202203).
文摘This study explored the observation strategy and effectiveness of synoptic-scale adaptive observations for improving sea fog prediction in coastal regions around the Bohai Sea based on a poorly predicted fog event with cold-front synoptic pattern(CFSP).An ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation system for the Weather Research and Forecasting model was adopted with ensemble sensitivity analysis(ESA).By comparing observation impacts(estimated from a 40-member ensemble with ESA)among different meteorological observation variables and pressure levels,the temperature at 850 hPa and surface layer(850 hPa-and-surface temperature)was selected as the target observation type.Additionally,the area with large observation impacts for this observation type was predicted in the transition region of the surface low–high system.This area developed southward with the low and moved eastward with the low–high system,which could be explained by the main features of CFSP.Moreover,both experiments assimilating synthetic and real observations showed that assimilating 850 hPa-and-surface temperature observations generally yielded better fog coverage forecasts in areas with greater observation impacts than areas with smaller impacts.However,the effectiveness of adaptive observations was reduced when real observations rather than synthetic observations were assimilated,which is possibly due to factors such as observation and model errors.The main conclusions above were verified by another typical fog event with CFSP characteristics.Results of this study highlight the importance of improved initial conditions in the transition region of the low–high system for improving fog prediction and provide scientific guidance for implementing an observation network for fog forecasting over the Bohai Sea.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42475100 and 42405091)supported by the CMA Key Innovation Team(Grant No.CMA2022ZD10)+1 种基金the CMA Weather Modification Centre Innovation Team(Grant No.WMC2023IT02)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFC1510305).
文摘The ice-phase microphysical characteristics of a stratiform cloud system over the Qilian Mountains in northwestern China on 15 September 2022 were analyzed via aircraft data.The stratiform cloud system developed under southwesterly flows at 500 hPa and was affected locally by topography.Synoptic features and aircraft observations revealed strengthened cloud development on the leeward slope.The ice particle habits and microphysical processes at heights of 6-8 km were investigated.The cloud system was characterized by extremely low supercooled liquid water content at temperatures between−4℃ and−17℃.The ice particle concentrations ranged predominantly from 10 to 30 L^(−1),corresponding to ice water content ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 g m^(−3).Active ice aggregation was observed at temperatures colder than−10°C.The windward side of the cloud system exhibited weaker development and two distinct cloud layers.Intense orographic uplift on the leeward slope enhanced ice particle aggregation.The clouds on the leeside presented lower ice particle concentrations but larger sizes than those on the windward side.The influence of aggregation on the ice particle size distribution was reflected in two main aspects.One aspect was the bimodal spectra at−16℃,with the first peak at 125μm and subpeak at 400-500μm;the other was the broadened size spectra at−13℃ due to significant aggregation of dendrites.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M754113)the Chongqing Postdoctoral Innovative Fund(CQBX202419)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2023NSCOMSX0629).
文摘Earth-based deep space radar studies celestial bodies by both transmitting and receiving radio waves,whereas radio telescopes only work passively.On the operational level,radar missions use only short observation times,which leaves a large portion of the time available for astronomical observations.However,the design principles used for radar and radio telescopes differ.Technical challenges are involved in making the instruments required to meet the requirements of these two applications simultaneously.In this study,we have attempted to tune a deep space radar system for use in radio astronomical applications and conducted a successful pulsar observation,thus demonstrating the feasibility of using radar systems,particularly distributed deep space radar,to perform astronomical research.Additionally,given the limited astronomical capacity available within the observed frequency range,this system has the potential to contribute to the long-term monitoring of specific radio sources.This work represents the first successful attempt to use an Earth-based deep space radar system to perform radio astronomy in China.We also discuss the challenges of tuning a built radar system for astronomical observation applications and propose recommendations for the design of future large-scale distributed deep space radar systems with innate astronomical capabilities.
基金supported by Scientific Research and Technology Development Project of CNPC(2024ZG38,2024ZG42)the CNPC Innovation Fund(2022DQ02-0307).
文摘Fractures play a crucial role in various fields such as hydrocarbon exploration,groundwater resources management,and earthquake research.The determination of fracture location and the estimation of parameters such as fracture length and dip angle are the focus of geophysical work.In borehole observation system,the short distance between fractures and detectors leads to weak attenuation of elastic wave energy,and high-frequency source makes it easier to identify small-scale fractures.Compared to traditional monopole logging methods,dipole logging method has advantage of exciting pure shear waves sensitive to fractures,so its application is becoming increasingly widespread.However,since the reflected shear waves and scattered shear waves of fractures correspond to different fracture properties,how to distinguish and analyze these two kinds of waves is crucial for accurately characterizing the fracture parameters.To address this issue,numerical simulation of wave responses by a single fracture near a borehole in rock formation is performed,and the generation mechanism and characteristics of shear waves scattered by fractures are investigated.It is found that when the dip angle of the fracture surpasses a critical threshold,the S-wave will propagate to both endpoints of the fracture and generate scattered S-waves,resulting in two distinct scattered wave packets on the received waveform.When the polarization direction of the acoustic source is parallel to the strike of the fracture,the scattered SH-waves always have larger amplitude than the scattered SV-waves regardless of changing the fracture dip angle.Unlike SV-waves,the SH-waves scattered by the fracture do not have any mode conversion.Additionally,propagation of S-waves to a short length fracture can induce dipole mode vibration of the fracture within a wide frequency range.The phenomena of shear waves reflected and scattered by the fracture are further illustrated and verified by two field examples,thus showing the potential of scattered waves for fracture evaluation and characterization with borehole observation system.
文摘Objective: This study focuses on the clinical observation of the impact of different treatment methods for gestational heart failure on delivery outcomes. Method: A total of 160 pregnant women with heart failure admitted to our hospital between October 2020 and October 2021 were selected as the study subjects. They were categorized based on delivery mode, delivery timing, heart failure control time, and cardiac function status. The delivery outcomes of the different groups were then compared. Result: In terms of delivery methods, the rate of neonatal asphyxia was higher following vaginal delivery than cesarean section. Regarding delivery timing, the neonatal mortality rate was lower for cesarean sections performed at 32-36 + 6 weeks compared to those conducted at 37-39 + 6 weeks. With respect to heart failure control time, the rates of neonatal asphyxia and pulmonary hyaline membrane disease were lower in the ≤ 48- hour group than in the > 48-hour group. From the perspective of cardiac function status, patients with cardiac function I- II exhibited relatively lower rates of neonatal asphyxia and perinatal mortality compared to those with cardiac function III-IV. The observed differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: For patients with gestational heart failure, cesarean section is the recommended mode of delivery, with the optimal timing being between 32 and 36+6 weeks of pregnancy. During cesarean section, the timing of delivery should be carefully selected based on the mother’s cardiac function status.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42122034,42075043,42330609)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research program(2019QZKK0103)+2 种基金Key Talent Project in Gansu and Central Guidance Fund for Local Science and Technology Development Projects in Gansu(No.24ZYQA031)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2021427)West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(xbzg-zdsys-202215)。
文摘Seasonal precipitation has always been a key focus of climate prediction.As a dynamic-statistical combined method,the existing observational constraint correction establishes a regression relationship between the numerical model outputs and historical observations,which can partly predict seasonal precipitation.However,solving a nonlinear problem through linear regression is significantly biased.This study implements a nonlinear optimization of an existing observational constrained correction model using a Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LightGBM)machine learning algorithm based on output from the Beijing National Climate Center Climate System Model(BCC-CSM)and station observations to improve the prediction of summer precipitation in China.The model was trained using a rolling approach,and LightGBM outperformed Linear Regression(LR),Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and Categorical Boosting(CatBoost).Using parameter tuning to optimize the machine learning model and predict future summer precipitation using eight different predictors in BCC-CSM,the mean Anomaly Correlation Coefficient(ACC)score in the 2019–22 summer precipitation predictions was 0.17,and the mean Prediction Score(PS)reached 74.The PS score was improved by 7.87%and 6.63%compared with the BCC-CSM and the linear observational constraint approach,respectively.The observational constraint correction prediction strategy with LightGBM significantly and stably improved the prediction of summer precipitation in China compared to the previous linear observational constraint solution,providing a reference for flood control and drought relief during the flood season(summer)in China.
基金Supported by the Fifth Batch of Innovation Teams of Wuzhou Meteorological Bureau“Wuzhou Innovation Team for Enhancing the Comprehensive Meteorological Observation Ability through Digitization and Intelligence”Project of Wuzhou Science and Technology Bureau(202402122)Wuzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(202402119).
文摘In this paper,Wuzhou City of Guangxi was taken as the research object.Through the design of a climatic data warehousing system,the decoding methods of surface meteorological data and their application in the management of climatic data were explored.Based on the parsing technology of the monthly report of surface meteorological records(A-file),the design of Wuzhou climatic data warehousing system was realized,completing the precise extraction and database construction of observational elements such as regional temperature,wind direction,and weather phenomena.Based on this system,the meteorological data in 2024 were analyzed,and the probabilistic characteristics of dominant wind direction in Wuzhou(northeast wind accounting for the largest proportion),the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of extreme temperatures(annual extreme high temperature of 37.1℃in August and extreme low temperature of 1.9℃in January),and the general climatic overview of Wuzhou City(annual precipitation 3.2%higher than the standard value)were revealed.The research shows that climate change has a significant impact on agricultural production and economic development in Wuzhou City,and the construction of a reasonable climatic data database is of great significance for enhancing professional meteorological service capabilities in the context of climate change.This study not only provides a scientific basis for the economic development of Wuzhou region,but also offers reference ideas for other regions to cope with regional climate adaptation planning.
文摘Objective:To investigate the distribution of health literacy(HL)levels and the association of HL with proactive personality in patients with permanent colostomy.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to measure proactive personality and HL using validated scales.A total of 172 patients with permanent colostomy were selected from January 2021 to May 2022 in Yantai City,China.Descriptive statistics,t-test,ANOVA,Pearson correlation analysis,and multiple linear regression analysis techniques were used.Results:The results obtained from the study showed that the HL status of the participants was moderate.The correlation between participants’total HL scores and proactive personality scores was 0.417(P-value<0.001).In addition,HL showed statistically significant differences according to education level,place of residence,profession,and average monthly household income.Conclusions:This study showed that patients with higher proactive personality scores had higher HL.The key stakeholders require several positive strategies to improve the HL of patients with permanent colostomy by cultivating their proactive personalities,and these important policies will help to improve patient health and quality of life.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42175132]the National Key R&D Program[grant number 2020YFA0607802]the CAS Information Technology Program[grant number CAS-WX2021SF-0107-02]。
文摘Solar energy is a pivotal clean energy source in the transition to carbon neutrality from fossil fuels.However,the intermittent and stochastic characteristics of solar radiation pose challenges for accurate simulation and prediction.Accurately simulating and predicting solar radiation and its variability are crucial for optimizing solar energy utilization.This study conducted simulation experiments using the WRF-Solar model from 25 June to 25 July 2022,to evaluate the accuracy and performance of the simulated solar radiation across China.The simulations covered the whole country with a grid spacing of 27 km and were compared with ground observation network data from the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network.The results indicated that WRF-Solar can accurately capture the spatiotemporal patterns of global horizontal irradiance over China,but there is still an overestimation of solar radiation,and the model underestimates the total cloud cover.The root-mean-square error ranged from 92.83 to 188.13 W m^(-2) and the mean bias(MB)ranged from 21.05 to 56.22 W m^(-2).The simulation showed the smallest MB at Lhasa on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau,while the largest MB was observed in Southeast China.To enhance the accuracy of solar radiation simulation,the authors compared the Fast All-sky Radiation Model for Solar with the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for General Circulation Models and found that the former provides better simulation.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42192553 and 41805071)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX24_1413)the High Performance Computing Center of Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology for their support of this work。
文摘For all-sky infrared radiance assimilation,the heteroscedasticity and non-Gaussian behavior of observation-minusbackground(OMB)departures are two major difficulties.The Geer–Bauer observation error inflation(GBOEI)scheme is a universal way to handle the issues.However,it fails to take into account the consistency between model and observation,resulting in unreasonably large observation errors where the simulations agree with the observations.Thus,this study modifies the GBOEI scheme to rationalize the observation errors in such areas.With Advanced Himawari Imager water vapor channel data,the test results show that the normalized OMB with the new observation error approach leads to more Gaussian form than the GBOEI method and constant observation errors.Hence,the assimilation experiments with the new scheme produce better brightness temperature analysis than other methods,and also improve temperature and humidity analysis.Furthermore,a real case experiment of Typhoon Lekima(2019)with the new observation error scheme exhibits more accuracy,especially in track prediction,and substantial error reductions in wind,temperature,and humidity forecasts are also obtained.Meanwhile,5-day 6-hour cycling experiments in the real case of Typhoon Lekima(2019)with the new observation error scheme confirm that the new method does not introduce extra imbalance compared to the experiment with constant observation errors;plus,more accurate typhoon forecasts can also be obtained in both the analysis and forecast,especially in track prediction.
