Salt deposits in China predominantly originate from lake deposits,characterized by thin salt beds interspersed with numerous interlayers,collectively termed bedded salt formations.Historically,the solution mining prac...Salt deposits in China predominantly originate from lake deposits,characterized by thin salt beds interspersed with numerous interlayers,collectively termed bedded salt formations.Historically,the solution mining practices have adopted the layered solution mining approach,inspired by coal mining techniques.However,this approach fails to account for the unique challenges of salt solution mining.Practical implementation is inefficient,costs escalate post-construction,and cavern geometry is constrained by salt beds thickness.Additionally,resource loss in abandoned beds and stability risks in adjacent mining zones remain unresolved.This study investigates mining scheme selection for low-grade salt deposits in Huai'an Salt Basin,introducing a continuous solution mining method that traverses multiple interlayers.Through comprehensive analysis of plastic deformation in caverns and surrounding rock,volume shrinkage rates,and economic costs comparing continuous and layered solution mining approaches,the results demonstrate that:(1)In the layered solution mining with horizontal interconnected wells scheme,plastic deformation zones propagate unevenly,posing interlayer connectivity risks.Concurrently,roof subsidence and floor heave destabilize the structure;(2)the continuous solution mining with horizontal interconnected wells scheme reduces plastic deformation zones to 3.4%of cavern volume,with volumetric shrinkage below 17%,markedly improving stability;(3)Economically,the continuous solution mining scheme generates caverns 2.43 times larger than the layered solution mining,slashing unit volume costs to 41.1%while enhancing resource recovery and long-term viability.The continuous method demonstrates distinct economic advantages and achieves higher resource utilization efficiency in solution mining compared to layered mining.Furthermore,its superior cavern stability presents strong potential for large-scale implementation.展开更多
Wu et al recently applied multi-region 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the gastric cancer microbiome,demonstrating improved taxonomic resolution and detection sensitivity over conventional single-region approaches...Wu et al recently applied multi-region 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the gastric cancer microbiome,demonstrating improved taxonomic resolution and detection sensitivity over conventional single-region approaches.While the study represents a valuable methodological step forward,it remains limited by singlecenter design,lack of quantitative calibration,and insufficient control for contamination and inter-laboratory variability.This editorial critically appraises these methodological gaps and emphasizes that future efforts must focus on harmonized,consensus-driven workflows to ensure reproducibility and clinical reliability.The translational potential of multi-region 16S lies in moving from descriptive microbial profiling to actionable clinical integration,particularly for recurrence prediction,treatment-response monitoring,and perioperative complication risk assessment.By addressing these methodological,economic,and ethical challenges,the field can advance toward evidence-based and clinically deployable microbiome-guided precision oncology.展开更多
The brain's functions are governed by molecular metabolic networks.However,due to the sophisticated spatial organization and diverse activities of the brain,characterizing both the minute and large-scale metabolic...The brain's functions are governed by molecular metabolic networks.However,due to the sophisticated spatial organization and diverse activities of the brain,characterizing both the minute and large-scale metabolic activity across the entire brain and its numerous micro-regions remains incredibly challenging.Here,we offer a high-definition spatially resolved metabolomics technique to better understand the metabolic specialization and interconnection throughout the mouse brain using improved ambient mass spectrometry imaging.This method allows for the simultaneous mapping of thousands of metabolites at a 30 μm spatial resolution across the mouse brain,ranging from structural lipids to functional neurotransmitters.This approach effectively reveals the distribution patterns of delicate microregions and their distinctive metabolic characteristics.Using an integrated database,we annotated 259 metabolites,demonstrating that the metabolome and metabolic pathways are unique to each brain microregion.The distribution of metabolites,closely linked to functionally connected brain regions and their interactions,offers profound insights into the complexity of chemical processes and their roles in brain function.An initial dataset for future metabolomics research might be obtained from the high-definition mouse brain's spatial metabolome atlas.展开更多
As circuit feature sizes approach the nanoscale,traditional Copper(Cu)interconnects face significant hurdles posed by rising resistance-capacitance(RC)delay,electromigration,and high power dissipation.These limitation...As circuit feature sizes approach the nanoscale,traditional Copper(Cu)interconnects face significant hurdles posed by rising resistance-capacitance(RC)delay,electromigration,and high power dissipation.These limitations impose constraints on the scalability and reliability of future semiconductor technologies.Our paper describes the new Vertical multilayer Aluminium Boron Nitride Nanoribbon(AlBN)interconnect structure,integrated with Density functional theory(DFT)using first-principles calculations.This study explores AlBN-based nanostructures with doping of 1Cu,2Cu,1Fe(Iron),and 2Fe for the application of Very Large Scale Integration(VLSI)interconnects.The AlBN structure utilized the advantages of vertical multilayer interconnects to both reduce the RC delay while enhancing signal integrity.Key parameters like Fermi energy,bandgap,binding energy,conduction channels,quantum resistance,and RC delay were analyzed.Through modeling and large-scale simulation,the structural,electronic,and stability attributes of the AlBN interconnects are analyzed,and the results illustrate considerable improvements in signal propagation against Cu interconnect structures.These findings confirm the tunable,high-performance nature of AlBN-2Fe,making it a promising candidate for future high-speed,low-power VLSI interconnect technologies.We demonstrated an advanced energy-efficient interconnect that can be easily scaled for future nanoscale VLSI circuit design and gives rise to a next generation of viable interconnect technology for high-capacity,high-speed,reliable semiconductor technology.展开更多
In this article, we report the preparation of a three-dimensional（3D） interconnected mesoporous anatase TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was obtained by using an ordered two-dimensional（2D） hexagonal mes...In this article, we report the preparation of a three-dimensional（3D） interconnected mesoporous anatase TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was obtained by using an ordered two-dimensional（2D） hexagonal mesoporous anatase 70 TiO2-30 SiO2-950 nanocomposite（crystallized at 950 °C for 2 h） as a precursor, NaO H as an etchant of SiO2 via a ＂creating mesopores in the pore walls＂ approach. Our strategy adopts mild conditions of creating pores such as diluted NaO H solution, appropriate temperature and solid/liquid ratio, etc. aiming at ensuring the integrities of mesopores architecture and anatase nanocrystals. XRD, TEM and N2 sorption techniques have been used to systematically investigate the physico-chemical properties of the nanocomposites. The results show that the intrawall mesopores are highly dense and uniform（average pore size 3.6 nm）, and highly link the initial mesochannels in a 3D manner while retaining mesostructural integrity. There is no significant change to either crystallinity or size of the anatase nanocrystals before and after creating the intrawall mesopores. The photocatalytic degradation rates of rhodamine B（RhB, 0.303 min^–1） and methylene blue（MB, 0.757 min^–1） dyes on the resultant nanocomposite are very high, which are 5.1 and 5.3 times that of the precursor; even up to 16.5 and 24.1 times that of Degussa P25 photocatalyst, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that the 3D interconnected mesopores structure plays an overwhelming role to the increments of activities. The 3D mesoporous anatase TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposite exhibits unexpected-high degradation activities to RhB and MB in the mesoporous metal oxide-based materials reported so far. Additionally, the nanocomposite is considerably stable and reusable. We believe that this method would pave the way for the preparation of other 3D highly interconnected mesoporous metal oxide-based materials with ultra-high performance.展开更多
A new type controller, fuzzy neural networks sliding mode controller (FNNSMC), is developed for a class of large scale systems with unknown bounds of high order interconnections and disturbances. Although sliding mod...A new type controller, fuzzy neural networks sliding mode controller (FNNSMC), is developed for a class of large scale systems with unknown bounds of high order interconnections and disturbances. Although sliding mode control is simple and insensitive to uncertainties and disturbances, there are two main problems in the sliding mode controller (SMC): control input chattering and the assumption of known bounds of uncertainties and disturbances. The FNNSMC, which incorporates the fuzzy neural networks (FNN) and the SMC, can eliminate the chattering by using the continuous output of the FNN to replace the discontinuous sign term in the SMC. The bounds of uncertainties and disturbances are also not required in the FNNSMC design. The simulation results show that the FNNSMC has more robustness than the SMC.展开更多
The current investigations primarily focus on using advanced suspensions to overcome the tradeo design of ride comfort and handling performance for mining vehicles. It is generally realized by adjusting spring sti nes...The current investigations primarily focus on using advanced suspensions to overcome the tradeo design of ride comfort and handling performance for mining vehicles. It is generally realized by adjusting spring sti ness or damping parameters through active control methods. However, some drawbacks regarding control complexity and uncertain reliability are inevitable for these advanced suspensions. Herein, a novel passive hydraulically interconnected suspension(HIS) system is proposed to achieve an improved ride-handling compromise of mining vehicles. A lumped-mass vehicle model involved with a mechanical–hydraulic coupled system is developed by applying the free-body diagram method. The transfer matrix method is used to derive the impedance of the hydraulic system, and the impedance is integrated to form the equation of motions for a mechanical–hydraulic coupled system. The modal analysis method is employed to obtain the free vibration transmissibilities and force vibration responses under di erent road excitations. A series of frequency characteristic analyses are presented to evaluate the isolation vibration performance between the mining vehicles with the proposed HIS and the conventional suspension. The analysis results prove that the proposed HIS system can e ectively suppress the pitch motion of sprung mass to guarantee the handling performance, and favorably provide soft bounce sti ness to improve the ride comfort. The distribution of dynamic forces between the front and rear wheels is more reasonable, and the vibration decay rate of sprung mass is increased e ectively. This research proposes a new suspension design method that can achieve the enhanced cooperative control of bounce and pitch motion modes to improve the ride comfort and handling performance of mining vehicles as an e ective passive suspension system.展开更多
This article considers delay dependent decentralized H∞ filtering for a class of uncertain interconnected systems, where the uncertainties are assumed to be time varying and satisfy the norm-bounded conditions. First...This article considers delay dependent decentralized H∞ filtering for a class of uncertain interconnected systems, where the uncertainties are assumed to be time varying and satisfy the norm-bounded conditions. First, combining the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional approach and the delay integral inequality of matrices, a sufficient condition of the existence of the robust decentralized H∞ filter is derived, which makes the error systems asymptotically stable and satisfies the H∞ norm of the transfer function from noise input to error output less than the specified up-bound on the basis of the form of uncertainties. Then, the above sufficient condition is transformed to a system of easily solvable LMIs via a series of equivalent transformation. Finally, the numerical simulation shows the efficiency of the main results.展开更多
The paper proposes a novel H∞ load frequency control(LFC) design method for multi-area power systems based on an integral-based non-fragile distributed fixed-order dynamic output feedback(DOF) tracking-regulator cont...The paper proposes a novel H∞ load frequency control(LFC) design method for multi-area power systems based on an integral-based non-fragile distributed fixed-order dynamic output feedback(DOF) tracking-regulator control scheme. To this end, we consider a nonlinear interconnected model for multiarea power systems which also include uncertainties and timevarying communication delays. The design procedure is formulated using semi-definite programming and linear matrix inequality(LMI) method. The solution of the proposed LMIs returns necessary parameters for the tracking controllers such that the impact of model uncertainty and load disturbances are minimized. The proposed controllers are capable of receiving all or part of subsystems information, whereas the outputs of each controller are local. These controllers are designed such that the resilient stability of the overall closed-loop system is guaranteed. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Simulation results quantify that the distributed(and decentralized) controlled system behaves well in presence of large parameter perturbations and random disturbances on the power system.展开更多
The Interconnected River System Network (IRSN) plays a crucial role in water resource allocation, water ecological restoration and water quality improvement. It has become a key part of the urban lake management. An e...The Interconnected River System Network (IRSN) plays a crucial role in water resource allocation, water ecological restoration and water quality improvement. It has become a key part of the urban lake management. An evaluation methodology system for IRSN project can provide important guidance for the selection of different water diversion schemes. However, few if any comprehensive evaluation systems have been developed to evaluate the hydrodynamics and water quality of connected lakes. This study developed a comprehensive evaluation system based on multi-indexes including aspects of water hydrodynamics, water quality and socioeconomics. A two-dimensional (2-D) mathematical hydrodynamics and water quality model was built, using NH<sub>3</sub>-N, TN and TP as water quality index. The IRSN project in Tangxun Lake group was used as a testbed here, and five water diversion schemes were simulated and evaluated. Results showed that the IRSN project can improve the water fluidity and the water quality obviously after a short time of water diversion, while the improvement rates decreased gradually as the water diversion went on. Among these five schemes, Scheme V showed the most noticeable improvement in hydrodynamics and water quality, and brought the most economic benefits. This comprehensive evaluation method can provide useful reference for the implementation of other similar IRSN projects.展开更多
This paper deals with analysis and synthesis problems of spatially interconnected systems where communicated information may get lost between subsystems. Spatial shift operator and temporal forward shift operator are ...This paper deals with analysis and synthesis problems of spatially interconnected systems where communicated information may get lost between subsystems. Spatial shift operator and temporal forward shift operator are introduced to model the interconnected systems as discrete time-space multidimensional linear systems with Markovian jumping parameters which reflect the state of communication channels. To ensure the whole system＇s well-posedness and mean square stability for a given packet loss rate, a condition is derived through analysis. Then a procedure of designing distributed dynamic output feedback controllers is proposed. The controllers have the same structure as the plants and are solved within the linear matrix inequality （LMI） framework. Finally, we apply these results to study the effect of communication losses on the multiple vehicle platoon control system, which further illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed model and method.展开更多
Hierarchically interconnected porous activated carbon have high specific surface areas, large numbers of dye adsorption sites, and interconnected pores for dye molecule diffusion and transportation. We prepared hierar...Hierarchically interconnected porous activated carbon have high specific surface areas, large numbers of dye adsorption sites, and interconnected pores for dye molecule diffusion and transportation. We prepared hierarchically interconnected porous banana peel activated carbons(BPACs) via a green method involving hydrothermal pretreatment and KOH activation, and systematically tested its methylene blue(MB) adsorption capacity. SEM showed that the BPACs had an interconnected porous structure and high-porosity surface. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area was 601.21 m^2/g, the adsorption average pore diameter was 2.11 nm, and the total pore volume was 0.32 cm^3/g. The MB adsorption capacity increased with increasing temperature, initial MB concentration, and pH value; it decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage. The adsorption isotherms and kinetic results for MB adsorption on BPACs were best described by the Langmuir adsorption and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. BPACs have a well-developed hierarchically interconnected porous structure, which increase the MB adsorption capacity and removal efficiency. Systematic MB adsorption tests show that BPAC is a highly efficient and easily available adsorbent.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the decentralized stabilization of continuous and discrete linear interconnected systems with the structural constraints about the interconnection matrices. For the continuous case,the mai...This paper is concerned with the decentralized stabilization of continuous and discrete linear interconnected systems with the structural constraints about the interconnection matrices. For the continuous case,the main improvement in the paper as compared with the corresponding results in the literature is to extend the considered class of systems from S to S (both will be defined in the paper) without resulting in high decentralized gain and difficult numerical computation. The algorithm for obtaining decentralized state feedback control to stable the overall system is presented. The discrete case and some very useful results are discussed as well.展开更多
Three-dimensional （3D） interconnected porous architectures are expected to perform well in photoelectrochemical （PEC） water splitting due to their high specific surface area as well as favourable porous properties...Three-dimensional （3D） interconnected porous architectures are expected to perform well in photoelectrochemical （PEC） water splitting due to their high specific surface area as well as favourable porous properties and interconnections. In this work, we demonstrated the facile fabrication of 3D interconnected nanoporous N-doped TiO2 （N-TiO2 network） by annealing the anodized 3D interconnected nanoporous TiO2 （TiO2 network） in ammonia atmosphere. The obtained N-TiO2 network exhibited broadened light absorption, and abundant, interconnected pores for improving charge separation, which was supported by the reduced charge transfer resistance. With these merits, a remarkably high photocurrent density at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode （RHE） was realized for the N-TiO2 network without any co-catalysts or sacrificial reagents, and the photostability can be assured after long term illumination. In view of its simplicity and efficiency, this structure promises for perspective PEC applications.展开更多
An advanced fuzzy C-mean （FCM） algorithm was proposed for the efficient regional clustering of multi-nodes interconnected systems. Due to various locational prices and regional coherencies for each node and point, m...An advanced fuzzy C-mean （FCM） algorithm was proposed for the efficient regional clustering of multi-nodes interconnected systems. Due to various locational prices and regional coherencies for each node and point, modified similarity measure was considered to gather nodes having similar characteristics. The similarity measure was needed to contain locafi0nal prices as well as regional coherency. In order to consider the two properties simultaneously, distance measure of fuzzy C-mean algorithm had to be modified. Regional clustering algorithm for interconnected power systems was designed based on the modified fuzzy C-mean algorithm. The proposed algorithm produces proper classification for the interconnected power system and the results are demonstrated in the example of IEEE 39-bus interconnected electricity system.展开更多
The Mekong supports one of the richest inland fisheries in the world, with many of the fish migrating long distance to spawn. Little is known about the fisheries and migration strategies of the Upper Mekong whilst it ...The Mekong supports one of the richest inland fisheries in the world, with many of the fish migrating long distance to spawn. Little is known about the fisheries and migration strategies of the Upper Mekong whilst it is supposed that many fish species move between the Lower and Upper Mekong. Most likely, natural fish migration in the river has been altered by dam construction across the mainstream of the Upper Mekong. In this paper, the interconnectivity of fish species between different sections of the Mekong and negative impacts of dams on migratory fish are studied. Of the 162 fish species in the Upper Mekong and the 869 species in the Lower Mekong, 61 species are common. Results show that there is no significant difference at order level between the UM and LM. Similarity coefficients are used to evaluate interconnectivity at species, genus and family levels among four different sections of the Upper Mekong with each other and with the Lower Mekong as a whole. The highest similarity is found between the middle and lower reach of the Upper Mekong at species and genus levels and the middle and upper reach at family level. Of the eight cascade dams, Mengsong Dam in planning is considered as the biggest threat to migratory fish from the Lower Mekong and should be particularly concerned.展开更多
This paper considers a fault-tolerant control and vibration suppression problem of flexible spacecraft.The attitude dynamics is modeled by an interconnected system,in which the rigid part and the flexible part are cou...This paper considers a fault-tolerant control and vibration suppression problem of flexible spacecraft.The attitude dynamics is modeled by an interconnected system,in which the rigid part and the flexible part are coupled with each other.Such a model allows us to use the interconnected system approach to analyze the flexible spacecraft.Both distributed and decentralized observer-based fault-tolerant control schemes are developed,under which the closed-loop stability of flexible spacecraft can be ensured by using the cycle-small-gain theorem.Compared with the traditional method,this paper considers the faults occurred not only in the rigid parts,but also in the flexible parts.In addition,the application of the interconnected system approach simplifies the system model of flexible spacecraft,thereby the difficulty of theoretical analysis and engineering practice of fault-tolerant control of flexible spacecraft are greatly reduced.Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods and the comparison of different fault-tolerant control approach.展开更多
As one of the low-cost energy storage systems,Na-ion batteries(NIBs)have received tremendous attention.However,the performance of current anode materials still cannot meet the requirements of NIBs.In our work,we obtai...As one of the low-cost energy storage systems,Na-ion batteries(NIBs)have received tremendous attention.However,the performance of current anode materials still cannot meet the requirements of NIBs.In our work,we obtain sulfur-doped interconnected carbon microspheres(S-CSs)via a simple hydrothermal method and subsequent sulfurizing treatment.Our S-CSs exhibit an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 520 mAh g^(-1) at 100 mA g^(-1) after 50 cycles and an excellent rate capability of 257 mAh g^(-1),even at a high current density of 2 A g^(-1).The density functional theory calculations demonstrate that sulfur doping in carbon favors the adsorption of Na atom during the sodiation process,which is accountable for the performance enhancement.Furthermore,we also utilize operando Raman spectroscopy to analyze the electrochemical reaction of our S-CSs,which further highlights the sulfur doping in improving Na-ion storage performance.展开更多
This paper studies the problem of robust H∞ control design for a class of uncertain interconnected systems via state feedback. This class of systems are described by a state space model, which contains unknown nonlin...This paper studies the problem of robust H∞ control design for a class of uncertain interconnected systems via state feedback. This class of systems are described by a state space model, which contains unknown nonlinear interaction and time-varying norm-bounded parametric uncertainties in state equation. Using the Riccati-equation-based approach we design state feedback control laws, which guarantee the decentralized stability with disturbance attenuation for the interconnected uncertain systems. A simple example of an interconnected uncertain linear system is presented to illustrate the results.展开更多
The European power grid is one of the largest regional interconnected power grids in the world.It realizes a multinational grid operation,which is rare.The total installed capacity of the European power grid is the la...The European power grid is one of the largest regional interconnected power grids in the world.It realizes a multinational grid operation,which is rare.The total installed capacity of the European power grid is the largest throughout the world.In addition,the integration and utilization of renewable energy in this grid is a great benchmark for other countries and can help promote energy transformation and achieve a high proportion of renewable energy consumption.Based on the analysis of the existing status of the European interconnected power grid and the development history of this power grid,this paper summarizes four key development stages of the European power grid.In addition,the characteristics of each stage and the development prospect of the European power grid are analyzed.On this basis,this paper gives suggestions for the development and construction of China’s energy internet;this can provide valuable reference for further studies on China’s energy internet.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42177124 and 41877277)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.SKLGME022011)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2024KYJD1011)Frontier Technologies R&D Program of Jiangsu(No.BF2024056)the Graduate Innovation Program of China University of Mining and Technology(No.KYCX25_3085)。
文摘Salt deposits in China predominantly originate from lake deposits,characterized by thin salt beds interspersed with numerous interlayers,collectively termed bedded salt formations.Historically,the solution mining practices have adopted the layered solution mining approach,inspired by coal mining techniques.However,this approach fails to account for the unique challenges of salt solution mining.Practical implementation is inefficient,costs escalate post-construction,and cavern geometry is constrained by salt beds thickness.Additionally,resource loss in abandoned beds and stability risks in adjacent mining zones remain unresolved.This study investigates mining scheme selection for low-grade salt deposits in Huai'an Salt Basin,introducing a continuous solution mining method that traverses multiple interlayers.Through comprehensive analysis of plastic deformation in caverns and surrounding rock,volume shrinkage rates,and economic costs comparing continuous and layered solution mining approaches,the results demonstrate that:(1)In the layered solution mining with horizontal interconnected wells scheme,plastic deformation zones propagate unevenly,posing interlayer connectivity risks.Concurrently,roof subsidence and floor heave destabilize the structure;(2)the continuous solution mining with horizontal interconnected wells scheme reduces plastic deformation zones to 3.4%of cavern volume,with volumetric shrinkage below 17%,markedly improving stability;(3)Economically,the continuous solution mining scheme generates caverns 2.43 times larger than the layered solution mining,slashing unit volume costs to 41.1%while enhancing resource recovery and long-term viability.The continuous method demonstrates distinct economic advantages and achieves higher resource utilization efficiency in solution mining compared to layered mining.Furthermore,its superior cavern stability presents strong potential for large-scale implementation.
文摘Wu et al recently applied multi-region 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the gastric cancer microbiome,demonstrating improved taxonomic resolution and detection sensitivity over conventional single-region approaches.While the study represents a valuable methodological step forward,it remains limited by singlecenter design,lack of quantitative calibration,and insufficient control for contamination and inter-laboratory variability.This editorial critically appraises these methodological gaps and emphasizes that future efforts must focus on harmonized,consensus-driven workflows to ensure reproducibility and clinical reliability.The translational potential of multi-region 16S lies in moving from descriptive microbial profiling to actionable clinical integration,particularly for recurrence prediction,treatment-response monitoring,and perioperative complication risk assessment.By addressing these methodological,economic,and ethical challenges,the field can advance toward evidence-based and clinically deployable microbiome-guided precision oncology.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.82473887 and 21927808)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of Shanghai (No.23DZ2202500)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No.2021-1-I2M-026)。
文摘The brain's functions are governed by molecular metabolic networks.However,due to the sophisticated spatial organization and diverse activities of the brain,characterizing both the minute and large-scale metabolic activity across the entire brain and its numerous micro-regions remains incredibly challenging.Here,we offer a high-definition spatially resolved metabolomics technique to better understand the metabolic specialization and interconnection throughout the mouse brain using improved ambient mass spectrometry imaging.This method allows for the simultaneous mapping of thousands of metabolites at a 30 μm spatial resolution across the mouse brain,ranging from structural lipids to functional neurotransmitters.This approach effectively reveals the distribution patterns of delicate microregions and their distinctive metabolic characteristics.Using an integrated database,we annotated 259 metabolites,demonstrating that the metabolome and metabolic pathways are unique to each brain microregion.The distribution of metabolites,closely linked to functionally connected brain regions and their interactions,offers profound insights into the complexity of chemical processes and their roles in brain function.An initial dataset for future metabolomics research might be obtained from the high-definition mouse brain's spatial metabolome atlas.
文摘As circuit feature sizes approach the nanoscale,traditional Copper(Cu)interconnects face significant hurdles posed by rising resistance-capacitance(RC)delay,electromigration,and high power dissipation.These limitations impose constraints on the scalability and reliability of future semiconductor technologies.Our paper describes the new Vertical multilayer Aluminium Boron Nitride Nanoribbon(AlBN)interconnect structure,integrated with Density functional theory(DFT)using first-principles calculations.This study explores AlBN-based nanostructures with doping of 1Cu,2Cu,1Fe(Iron),and 2Fe for the application of Very Large Scale Integration(VLSI)interconnects.The AlBN structure utilized the advantages of vertical multilayer interconnects to both reduce the RC delay while enhancing signal integrity.Key parameters like Fermi energy,bandgap,binding energy,conduction channels,quantum resistance,and RC delay were analyzed.Through modeling and large-scale simulation,the structural,electronic,and stability attributes of the AlBN interconnects are analyzed,and the results illustrate considerable improvements in signal propagation against Cu interconnect structures.These findings confirm the tunable,high-performance nature of AlBN-2Fe,making it a promising candidate for future high-speed,low-power VLSI interconnect technologies.We demonstrated an advanced energy-efficient interconnect that can be easily scaled for future nanoscale VLSI circuit design and gives rise to a next generation of viable interconnect technology for high-capacity,high-speed,reliable semiconductor technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21373056)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(13DZ2275200)~~
文摘In this article, we report the preparation of a three-dimensional（3D） interconnected mesoporous anatase TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was obtained by using an ordered two-dimensional（2D） hexagonal mesoporous anatase 70 TiO2-30 SiO2-950 nanocomposite（crystallized at 950 °C for 2 h） as a precursor, NaO H as an etchant of SiO2 via a ＂creating mesopores in the pore walls＂ approach. Our strategy adopts mild conditions of creating pores such as diluted NaO H solution, appropriate temperature and solid/liquid ratio, etc. aiming at ensuring the integrities of mesopores architecture and anatase nanocrystals. XRD, TEM and N2 sorption techniques have been used to systematically investigate the physico-chemical properties of the nanocomposites. The results show that the intrawall mesopores are highly dense and uniform（average pore size 3.6 nm）, and highly link the initial mesochannels in a 3D manner while retaining mesostructural integrity. There is no significant change to either crystallinity or size of the anatase nanocrystals before and after creating the intrawall mesopores. The photocatalytic degradation rates of rhodamine B（RhB, 0.303 min^–1） and methylene blue（MB, 0.757 min^–1） dyes on the resultant nanocomposite are very high, which are 5.1 and 5.3 times that of the precursor; even up to 16.5 and 24.1 times that of Degussa P25 photocatalyst, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that the 3D interconnected mesopores structure plays an overwhelming role to the increments of activities. The 3D mesoporous anatase TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposite exhibits unexpected-high degradation activities to RhB and MB in the mesoporous metal oxide-based materials reported so far. Additionally, the nanocomposite is considerably stable and reusable. We believe that this method would pave the way for the preparation of other 3D highly interconnected mesoporous metal oxide-based materials with ultra-high performance.
文摘A new type controller, fuzzy neural networks sliding mode controller (FNNSMC), is developed for a class of large scale systems with unknown bounds of high order interconnections and disturbances. Although sliding mode control is simple and insensitive to uncertainties and disturbances, there are two main problems in the sliding mode controller (SMC): control input chattering and the assumption of known bounds of uncertainties and disturbances. The FNNSMC, which incorporates the fuzzy neural networks (FNN) and the SMC, can eliminate the chattering by using the continuous output of the FNN to replace the discontinuous sign term in the SMC. The bounds of uncertainties and disturbances are also not required in the FNNSMC design. The simulation results show that the FNNSMC has more robustness than the SMC.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51805155,51675152)Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51621004)Open Fund in the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body(Grant No.71575005)
文摘The current investigations primarily focus on using advanced suspensions to overcome the tradeo design of ride comfort and handling performance for mining vehicles. It is generally realized by adjusting spring sti ness or damping parameters through active control methods. However, some drawbacks regarding control complexity and uncertain reliability are inevitable for these advanced suspensions. Herein, a novel passive hydraulically interconnected suspension(HIS) system is proposed to achieve an improved ride-handling compromise of mining vehicles. A lumped-mass vehicle model involved with a mechanical–hydraulic coupled system is developed by applying the free-body diagram method. The transfer matrix method is used to derive the impedance of the hydraulic system, and the impedance is integrated to form the equation of motions for a mechanical–hydraulic coupled system. The modal analysis method is employed to obtain the free vibration transmissibilities and force vibration responses under di erent road excitations. A series of frequency characteristic analyses are presented to evaluate the isolation vibration performance between the mining vehicles with the proposed HIS and the conventional suspension. The analysis results prove that the proposed HIS system can e ectively suppress the pitch motion of sprung mass to guarantee the handling performance, and favorably provide soft bounce sti ness to improve the ride comfort. The distribution of dynamic forces between the front and rear wheels is more reasonable, and the vibration decay rate of sprung mass is increased e ectively. This research proposes a new suspension design method that can achieve the enhanced cooperative control of bounce and pitch motion modes to improve the ride comfort and handling performance of mining vehicles as an e ective passive suspension system.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60634020)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (07JJ6138)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (20060390883)the China Ph.D. Discipline Special Foundation (20050533028).
文摘This article considers delay dependent decentralized H∞ filtering for a class of uncertain interconnected systems, where the uncertainties are assumed to be time varying and satisfy the norm-bounded conditions. First, combining the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional approach and the delay integral inequality of matrices, a sufficient condition of the existence of the robust decentralized H∞ filter is derived, which makes the error systems asymptotically stable and satisfies the H∞ norm of the transfer function from noise input to error output less than the specified up-bound on the basis of the form of uncertainties. Then, the above sufficient condition is transformed to a system of easily solvable LMIs via a series of equivalent transformation. Finally, the numerical simulation shows the efficiency of the main results.
文摘The paper proposes a novel H∞ load frequency control(LFC) design method for multi-area power systems based on an integral-based non-fragile distributed fixed-order dynamic output feedback(DOF) tracking-regulator control scheme. To this end, we consider a nonlinear interconnected model for multiarea power systems which also include uncertainties and timevarying communication delays. The design procedure is formulated using semi-definite programming and linear matrix inequality(LMI) method. The solution of the proposed LMIs returns necessary parameters for the tracking controllers such that the impact of model uncertainty and load disturbances are minimized. The proposed controllers are capable of receiving all or part of subsystems information, whereas the outputs of each controller are local. These controllers are designed such that the resilient stability of the overall closed-loop system is guaranteed. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Simulation results quantify that the distributed(and decentralized) controlled system behaves well in presence of large parameter perturbations and random disturbances on the power system.
基金National Key Research and Development Program,No.2017YFA0603704,No.2017YFC1502500
文摘The Interconnected River System Network (IRSN) plays a crucial role in water resource allocation, water ecological restoration and water quality improvement. It has become a key part of the urban lake management. An evaluation methodology system for IRSN project can provide important guidance for the selection of different water diversion schemes. However, few if any comprehensive evaluation systems have been developed to evaluate the hydrodynamics and water quality of connected lakes. This study developed a comprehensive evaluation system based on multi-indexes including aspects of water hydrodynamics, water quality and socioeconomics. A two-dimensional (2-D) mathematical hydrodynamics and water quality model was built, using NH<sub>3</sub>-N, TN and TP as water quality index. The IRSN project in Tangxun Lake group was used as a testbed here, and five water diversion schemes were simulated and evaluated. Results showed that the IRSN project can improve the water fluidity and the water quality obviously after a short time of water diversion, while the improvement rates decreased gradually as the water diversion went on. Among these five schemes, Scheme V showed the most noticeable improvement in hydrodynamics and water quality, and brought the most economic benefits. This comprehensive evaluation method can provide useful reference for the implementation of other similar IRSN projects.
文摘This paper deals with analysis and synthesis problems of spatially interconnected systems where communicated information may get lost between subsystems. Spatial shift operator and temporal forward shift operator are introduced to model the interconnected systems as discrete time-space multidimensional linear systems with Markovian jumping parameters which reflect the state of communication channels. To ensure the whole system＇s well-posedness and mean square stability for a given packet loss rate, a condition is derived through analysis. Then a procedure of designing distributed dynamic output feedback controllers is proposed. The controllers have the same structure as the plants and are solved within the linear matrix inequality （LMI） framework. Finally, we apply these results to study the effect of communication losses on the multiple vehicle platoon control system, which further illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed model and method.
基金Funded by the Project of Scientific Research Staring Foundation of Huaqiao University(11BS214)the Cultivate Project of National Natural Science Foundation of Huaqiao University(JBZR1214)the Educational research project for Young and middle-aged Teachers of Fujian Province(JAT160031)
文摘Hierarchically interconnected porous activated carbon have high specific surface areas, large numbers of dye adsorption sites, and interconnected pores for dye molecule diffusion and transportation. We prepared hierarchically interconnected porous banana peel activated carbons(BPACs) via a green method involving hydrothermal pretreatment and KOH activation, and systematically tested its methylene blue(MB) adsorption capacity. SEM showed that the BPACs had an interconnected porous structure and high-porosity surface. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area was 601.21 m^2/g, the adsorption average pore diameter was 2.11 nm, and the total pore volume was 0.32 cm^3/g. The MB adsorption capacity increased with increasing temperature, initial MB concentration, and pH value; it decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage. The adsorption isotherms and kinetic results for MB adsorption on BPACs were best described by the Langmuir adsorption and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. BPACs have a well-developed hierarchically interconnected porous structure, which increase the MB adsorption capacity and removal efficiency. Systematic MB adsorption tests show that BPAC is a highly efficient and easily available adsorbent.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(1 970 1 0 2 2 )
文摘This paper is concerned with the decentralized stabilization of continuous and discrete linear interconnected systems with the structural constraints about the interconnection matrices. For the continuous case,the main improvement in the paper as compared with the corresponding results in the literature is to extend the considered class of systems from S to S (both will be defined in the paper) without resulting in high decentralized gain and difficult numerical computation. The algorithm for obtaining decentralized state feedback control to stable the overall system is presented. The discrete case and some very useful results are discussed as well.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51503014 and 51501008)the State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials(No.2016Z-03)
文摘Three-dimensional （3D） interconnected porous architectures are expected to perform well in photoelectrochemical （PEC） water splitting due to their high specific surface area as well as favourable porous properties and interconnections. In this work, we demonstrated the facile fabrication of 3D interconnected nanoporous N-doped TiO2 （N-TiO2 network） by annealing the anodized 3D interconnected nanoporous TiO2 （TiO2 network） in ammonia atmosphere. The obtained N-TiO2 network exhibited broadened light absorption, and abundant, interconnected pores for improving charge separation, which was supported by the reduced charge transfer resistance. With these merits, a remarkably high photocurrent density at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode （RHE） was realized for the N-TiO2 network without any co-catalysts or sacrificial reagents, and the photostability can be assured after long term illumination. In view of its simplicity and efficiency, this structure promises for perspective PEC applications.
基金Work supported by the Second Stage of Brain Korea 21 ProjectsWork(2010-0020163) supported by Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology of Korea
文摘An advanced fuzzy C-mean （FCM） algorithm was proposed for the efficient regional clustering of multi-nodes interconnected systems. Due to various locational prices and regional coherencies for each node and point, modified similarity measure was considered to gather nodes having similar characteristics. The similarity measure was needed to contain locafi0nal prices as well as regional coherency. In order to consider the two properties simultaneously, distance measure of fuzzy C-mean algorithm had to be modified. Regional clustering algorithm for interconnected power systems was designed based on the modified fuzzy C-mean algorithm. The proposed algorithm produces proper classification for the interconnected power system and the results are demonstrated in the example of IEEE 39-bus interconnected electricity system.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40601096)
文摘The Mekong supports one of the richest inland fisheries in the world, with many of the fish migrating long distance to spawn. Little is known about the fisheries and migration strategies of the Upper Mekong whilst it is supposed that many fish species move between the Lower and Upper Mekong. Most likely, natural fish migration in the river has been altered by dam construction across the mainstream of the Upper Mekong. In this paper, the interconnectivity of fish species between different sections of the Mekong and negative impacts of dams on migratory fish are studied. Of the 162 fish species in the Upper Mekong and the 869 species in the Lower Mekong, 61 species are common. Results show that there is no significant difference at order level between the UM and LM. Similarity coefficients are used to evaluate interconnectivity at species, genus and family levels among four different sections of the Upper Mekong with each other and with the Lower Mekong as a whole. The highest similarity is found between the middle and lower reach of the Upper Mekong at species and genus levels and the middle and upper reach at family level. Of the eight cascade dams, Mengsong Dam in planning is considered as the biggest threat to migratory fish from the Lower Mekong and should be particularly concerned.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61622304,61773201)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20160035)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.NE2015002)。
文摘This paper considers a fault-tolerant control and vibration suppression problem of flexible spacecraft.The attitude dynamics is modeled by an interconnected system,in which the rigid part and the flexible part are coupled with each other.Such a model allows us to use the interconnected system approach to analyze the flexible spacecraft.Both distributed and decentralized observer-based fault-tolerant control schemes are developed,under which the closed-loop stability of flexible spacecraft can be ensured by using the cycle-small-gain theorem.Compared with the traditional method,this paper considers the faults occurred not only in the rigid parts,but also in the flexible parts.In addition,the application of the interconnected system approach simplifies the system model of flexible spacecraft,thereby the difficulty of theoretical analysis and engineering practice of fault-tolerant control of flexible spacecraft are greatly reduced.Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods and the comparison of different fault-tolerant control approach.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:21617330National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:21703081,51702056,51772135Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China,Grant/Award Number:6141A02022516。
文摘As one of the low-cost energy storage systems,Na-ion batteries(NIBs)have received tremendous attention.However,the performance of current anode materials still cannot meet the requirements of NIBs.In our work,we obtain sulfur-doped interconnected carbon microspheres(S-CSs)via a simple hydrothermal method and subsequent sulfurizing treatment.Our S-CSs exhibit an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 520 mAh g^(-1) at 100 mA g^(-1) after 50 cycles and an excellent rate capability of 257 mAh g^(-1),even at a high current density of 2 A g^(-1).The density functional theory calculations demonstrate that sulfur doping in carbon favors the adsorption of Na atom during the sodiation process,which is accountable for the performance enhancement.Furthermore,we also utilize operando Raman spectroscopy to analyze the electrochemical reaction of our S-CSs,which further highlights the sulfur doping in improving Na-ion storage performance.
文摘This paper studies the problem of robust H∞ control design for a class of uncertain interconnected systems via state feedback. This class of systems are described by a state space model, which contains unknown nonlinear interaction and time-varying norm-bounded parametric uncertainties in state equation. Using the Riccati-equation-based approach we design state feedback control laws, which guarantee the decentralized stability with disturbance attenuation for the interconnected uncertain systems. A simple example of an interconnected uncertain linear system is presented to illustrate the results.
基金funded by the State Grid Science and Technology Research Program:“Research on coordination development mode and reliability evaluation of source,network,load and storage considering the safety requirements(No.B3440818K005)”
文摘The European power grid is one of the largest regional interconnected power grids in the world.It realizes a multinational grid operation,which is rare.The total installed capacity of the European power grid is the largest throughout the world.In addition,the integration and utilization of renewable energy in this grid is a great benchmark for other countries and can help promote energy transformation and achieve a high proportion of renewable energy consumption.Based on the analysis of the existing status of the European interconnected power grid and the development history of this power grid,this paper summarizes four key development stages of the European power grid.In addition,the characteristics of each stage and the development prospect of the European power grid are analyzed.On this basis,this paper gives suggestions for the development and construction of China’s energy internet;this can provide valuable reference for further studies on China’s energy internet.
