Dengue fever, caused by dengue viruses(DENVs), is a widespread mosquito-borne zoonotic disease; however, there is no available anti-dengue vaccine for worldwide use. In the current study, a DNA vaccine candidate(pV-D4...Dengue fever, caused by dengue viruses(DENVs), is a widespread mosquito-borne zoonotic disease; however, there is no available anti-dengue vaccine for worldwide use. In the current study, a DNA vaccine candidate(pV-D4 ME) expressing prM-E protein of DENV serotype 4(DENV-4) was constructed, and its immunogenicity and protection were evaluated in immunocompetent BALB/c mice. The pV-D4 ME candidate vaccine induced effective humoral and cellular immunity of mice against DENV-4 in vivo when administered both at 50 μg and 5 μg through electroporation. Two weeks after receiving three immunizations, both doses of pV-D4 ME DNA were shown to confer effective protection against lethal DENV-4 challenge. Notably, at 6 months after the three immunizations, 50 μg, but not 5 μg, of pV-D4 ME could provide stable protection(100% survival rate) against DENV-4 lethal challenge without any obvious clinical signs. These results suggest that immunization with 50 μg pV-D4 ME through electroporation could confer effective and long-term protection against DENV-4, offering a promising approach for development of a novel DNA vaccine against DENVs.展开更多
To determine passive haemagglutination (PHA) antibody titer that would protect chicks against Nigerian isolates of the Infectious Bursa Disease Virus (IBDV), five groups of chicks aged 30 days which had different anti...To determine passive haemagglutination (PHA) antibody titer that would protect chicks against Nigerian isolates of the Infectious Bursa Disease Virus (IBDV), five groups of chicks aged 30 days which had different antibody titers were challenged with a Nigerian isolate of virulent IBDV. Mortality rates of the different groups were plotted against their respective mean PHA antibody titers. A group with zero antibody titer had a mortality rate of 75% while those with PHA antibody titers of 185.6, 243.2, 256 and 307.2 had mortality rates of 40%, zero, zero and zero respectively. Linear equation generated for a line of best fit of the graph of mortality rates of the chicks on their IBD antibody titers gave antibody titer (X) at which mortality (Y) would be zero as 300. A mortality of 75% and the high antibody level needed to protect chicks suggest that the isolate may be a hypervirulent strain.展开更多
Dear Editor,Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that belongs to the Flavivirus family along with dengue virus (DENV),yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus (Ming et al. 2016). ZIK...Dear Editor,Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that belongs to the Flavivirus family along with dengue virus (DENV),yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus (Ming et al. 2016). ZIKV is a singlestranded positive-sense RNA virus encoding three structural proteins, including nucleocapsid protein C, prM/M,envelope glycoprotein E, and seven non-structural proteins.Since 2015.展开更多
The DNA vaccine pCIHA5 encoding hemagglutinin can protect SPF chicken against lethal H5N1 avian influenza virus challenge. The more characters about its protection efficacity were studied. The protective rates in 10...The DNA vaccine pCIHA5 encoding hemagglutinin can protect SPF chicken against lethal H5N1 avian influenza virus challenge. The more characters about its protection efficacity were studied. The protective rates in 10, 40, 70, 100 and 150 μg groups immunized with pCIHA5 were 12.5 (1/8), 58.3 (7/12), 72.7 (8/11), 50.0 (6/12) and 66.7% (8/12), respectively. The protective rates in 5, 20, 35 and 50 μg groups were 145.5 (5/11), 58.3 (7/12), 58.3 (7/12) and 91.7% (11/12), respectively. The 70, 100 and 5 μg groups have virus shedding of 1/8, 2/6 and 1/5. Though the inactived oil-emulsion vaccine has high HI antibody titers and 100% protective rate, the AGP antibody could be detected after vaccination. Results show that the pCIHA5 is fit to boost by intramuscular injection. This would be useful to the study on gene engineering vaccine of avian influenza virus.展开更多
Background: One of potentially dangerous problems for a human organism is the new strain of a virus of bird flu-A/H7N9. As it is regular mutation of bird flu virus, it obvious, that of antibacterial preparations is no...Background: One of potentially dangerous problems for a human organism is the new strain of a virus of bird flu-A/H7N9. As it is regular mutation of bird flu virus, it obvious, that of antibacterial preparations is not efficient. Efficiency decreases when the number of agents with multiple stability to antimicrobic remedy vastly increases, the part of associate infections enlarges, and aggression of opportunistic pathogenic flora rises. This reduces the role of the preparations in prevention of epidemics. Therefore, the optimization of only etiotropic therapies does not fully solve the problem. In this connection natural preparations seem extremely promising which strengthen the functional condition of immune system and, thereby, activate protective forces of macroorganism. Objectives: One of such preparations is BAE Synergy Liquid, a natural mineral water which was underwent subtle energetic changes at the natural energetic deposit. Design: An estimation of protective efficiency of naturally modified mineral BAE SL water was performed on white outbred mice-males in models of H7N9 virus. The animals were monitored during 16 days after infection, and survived and fallen mice were counted daily. Results: The results revealed significant effect of the investigated preparation as possible prophylactic care and medical remedy to the mentioned virus. This means that one can be considered as potential effective remedy for human. Conclusions: As significant effect of the immune system resistance was revealed, the experimental model with studied naturally modified mineral water is potentially generalizable.展开更多
Broiler breeder vaccination against IBD is usually based on the injection of at least one inactivated vaccine in oil adjuvant, typically included in a combined vaccine. Priming using one or several IBD vaccine (s) has...Broiler breeder vaccination against IBD is usually based on the injection of at least one inactivated vaccine in oil adjuvant, typically included in a combined vaccine. Priming using one or several IBD vaccine (s) has been the most common way to immunize the breeders so far. In summary, protection against vvIBD challenge in chicks of one commercial genetic line vaccinated in ovo with the HVT-IBD vector vaccine was demonstrated. The parents’ IBD vaccination program, using the HVT-IBD vector vaccine alone, the HVT-IBD vector vaccine plus IBD inactivated vaccine, and inactivated IBD vaccine alone, did not impair their progeny’s in ovo HVT-IBD vector vaccine take and subsequent protection against vvIBD virus challenge. An advantage in terms of immunization of the progeny against vvIBD was shown in the chicks born to breeders vaccinated with the HVT-IBD vaccine as a primer, as compared to breeders vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine alone. High level of IBD maternally-derived antibodies transmitted to the progeny by their parents induces together with an early onset of immunity by in ovo injection of a HVT-IBD vector vaccine clinical protection, as monitored on bursas, after vvIBD virus challenge.展开更多
Conventional influenza vaccines need to be designed and manufactured yearly.However,they occasionally provide poor protection owing to antigenic mismatch.Hence,there is an urgent need to develop universal vaccines aga...Conventional influenza vaccines need to be designed and manufactured yearly.However,they occasionally provide poor protection owing to antigenic mismatch.Hence,there is an urgent need to develop universal vaccines against influenza virus.Using nucleoprotein(NP)and extracellular domain of matrix protein 2(M2e)genes from the influenza A virus A/Beijing/30/95(H3N2),we constructed four recombinant vaccinia virus-based influenza vaccines carrying NP fused with one or four copies of M2e genes in different orders.The recombinant vaccinia viruses were used to immunize BALB/C mice.Humoral and cellular responses were measured,and then the immunized mice were challenged with the influenza A virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8).NP-specific humoral response was elicited in mice immunized with recombinant vaccinia viruses carrying full-length NP,while robust M2e-specific humoral response was elicited only in the mice immunized with recombinant vaccinia viruses carrying multiple copies of M2e.All recombinant viruses elicited NP-and M2e-specific cellular immune responses in mice.Only immunization with RVJ-4M2eNP induced remarkably higher levels of IL-2 and IL-10 cytokines specific to M2e.Furthermore,RVJ-4M2eNP immunization provided the highest cross-protection in mice challenged with 20 MLD5〇of PR8.Therefore,the cross-protection potentially correlates with both NP and M2e-specific humoral and cellular immune responses induced by RVJ-4M2eNP,which expresses a fusion antigen of full-length NP preceded by four M2e repeats.These results suggest that the rational fusion of NP and multiple M2e antigens is critical toward inducing protective immune responses,and the 4M2eNP fusion antigen may be employed to develop a universal influenza vaccine.展开更多
Baculoviruses are effective biocontrol agents except of their short persistence under sunlight conditions. Four promising additives containing different groups of antioxidants were tested on cotton plant foliage. Spod...Baculoviruses are effective biocontrol agents except of their short persistence under sunlight conditions. Four promising additives containing different groups of antioxidants were tested on cotton plant foliage. Spodoptera littoralis test insect and its nuclepolyhedrovirus （SpliNPV） are the standard material used in the investigation. Results are based on leaf-bioassays, to test Original Activity Remaining （OAR） and Lethal Infectivity Time to 50% （LIT50）of tested population of the virus after exposure to natural sunlight. The results showed that cacao additive at 10%, sustained 50% of virus activity for five days post application （113.11 hours） and three days and a half （83.33 hours） at 5% concentration. The virus alone treatment sustained 50% of its activity for only 24.07 hours. The obtained results suggested the possibility of prolonging the virus activity on plant foliage under field applications.展开更多
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are threatening avian pathogens that can cause serious respiratory diseases in poultry worldwide. Vaccination, combined with strict biosecurity practices,...Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are threatening avian pathogens that can cause serious respiratory diseases in poultry worldwide. Vaccination, combined with strict biosecurity practices, has been the recommendation for controlling these diseases in the field. In the present study, we generated NDV LaSota vaccine strain-based recombinant viruses expressing the glycoprotein (G) of aMPV, subtype A or B, using reverse genetics technology. These recombinant viruses, rLS/aMPV-A G and rLS/aMPV-B G, were characterized in cell cultures and evaluated in turkeys as bivalent, next-generation vaccines. The results showed that these recombinant vaccine candi-dates were slightly attenuated in vivo, yet maintained similar growth dynamics, cytopathic effects, and virus titers in vitro when compared to the parental LaSota virus. The expression of the aMPV G protein in recombinant virus-infected cells was detected by immunofluorescence. Vaccination of turkeys with rLS/aMPV-A G or rLS/aMPV-B G conferred complete protection against velogenic NDV, CA02 strain challenge and partial protection against homologous patho-genic aMPV challenge. These results suggest that the LaSota recombinant virus is a safe and effective vaccine vector and expression of the G protein alone is not sufficient to provide full protection against aMPV-A or -B infections. Ex-pression of other aMPV-A or -B virus immunogenic protein(s) individually or in conjunction with the G protein may be necessary to induce stronger and more protective immunity against aMPV diseases.展开更多
Human respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)infection is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness(LRTI),and no vaccine against LRTI has proven to be safe and effective in infants.Our study assessed attenuated re...Human respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)infection is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness(LRTI),and no vaccine against LRTI has proven to be safe and effective in infants.Our study assessed attenuated recombinant RSVs as vaccine candidates to prevent RSV infection in mice.The constructed recombinant plasmids harbored(5′to 3′)a T7 promoter,hammerhead ribozyme,RSV Long strain antigenomic cDNA with cold-passaged(cp)mutations or cp combined with temperature-sensitive attenuated mutations from the A2 strain(A2cpts)or further combined with SH gene deletion(A2cptsΔSH),HDV ribozyme(δ),and a T7 terminator.These vectors were subsequently co-transfected with four helper plasmids encoding N,P,L,and M2-1 viral proteins into BHK/T7-9 cells,and the recovered viruses were then passaged in Vero cells.The rescued recombinant RSVs(rRSVs)were named rRSV-Long/A2cp,rRSV-Long/A2cpts,and rRSV-Long/A2cptsΔSH,respectively,and stably passaged in vitro,without reversion to wild type(wt)at sites containing introduced mutations or deletion.Although rRSV-Long/A2cpts and rRSV-Long/A2cptsΔSH displayed temperature-sensitive(ts)phenotype in vitro and in vivo,all rRSVs were significantly attenuated in vivo.Furthermore,BALB/c mice immunized with rRSVs produced Th1-biased immune response,resisted wtRSV infection,and were free from enhanced respiratory disease.We showed that the combination ofΔSH with attenuation(att)mutations of cpts contributed to improving att phenotype,efficacy,and gene stability of rRSV.By successfully introducing att mutations and SH gene deletion into the RSV Long parent and producing three rRSV strains,we have laid an important foundation for the development of RSV live attenuated vaccines.展开更多
Conventional influenza vaccines are based on predicting the circulating viruses year by year,conferring limited effectiveness since the antigenicity of vaccine strains does not always match the circulating viruses.Thi...Conventional influenza vaccines are based on predicting the circulating viruses year by year,conferring limited effectiveness since the antigenicity of vaccine strains does not always match the circulating viruses.This necessitates development of universal influenza vaccines that provide broader and lasting protection against pan-influenza viruses.The discovery of the highly conserved immunogens(epitopes)of influenza viruses provides attractive targets for universal vaccine design.Here we review the current understanding with broadly protective immunogens(epitopes)and discuss several important considerations to achieve the goal of universal influenza vaccines.展开更多
[ Objective] The aim was to select protective agent of HA antigen of influenza virus. [ Method] H3N2 and H1 N1 subtype influenza virus were added into A - F groups to conduct accelerated test at 37 ℃and measure HA ti...[ Objective] The aim was to select protective agent of HA antigen of influenza virus. [ Method] H3N2 and H1 N1 subtype influenza virus were added into A - F groups to conduct accelerated test at 37 ℃and measure HA titer through hemagglutination test. t Result] Hemagglutination titers of H3 N2 and H, N1 subtype influenza virus were 20 and 32 in group A （ with PBS buffer solution） for 28 d; heat stability of HA antigen proved the best in group F （with BSA, fucose, proclin 300, triton 100） ; hemagglutination titers of HA antigen of H3N2 and H1 N1 subtype virus were 48 and 96 for 28 d. [ Conclusion] Components in group F were best in protection on HA antigen, which can be a candidate of protective agent.展开更多
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in late 2019 has negatively affected people's lives and productivity.Because the mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is of great concern,th...The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in late 2019 has negatively affected people's lives and productivity.Because the mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is of great concern,this review discusses the sources of virus aerosols and possible transmission routes.First,we discuss virus aerosol collection methods,including natural sedimentation,solid impact,liquid impact,centrifugal,cyclone and electrostatic adsorption methods.Then,we review common virus aerosol detection methods,including virus culture,metabolic detection,nucleic acid-based detection and immunology-based detection methods.Finally,possible solutions for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols are introduced.Point-of-care testing has long been a focus of attention.In the near future,the development of an instrument that integrates sampling and output results will enable the real-time,automatic monitoring of patients.展开更多
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), a member of the Tobamovirus genus, causes a severe disease of cucurbits. In the Moscow region of Russian Federation, the incidence of infection on cucumber plants in greenho...Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), a member of the Tobamovirus genus, causes a severe disease of cucurbits. In the Moscow region of Russian Federation, the incidence of infection on cucumber plants in greenhouses is high;however, the virus is poorly studied. In this work, the full-length genomes of two pathogenic MC-1 and MC-2 strains of CGMMV isolated from cucumber plants grown in greenhouses in the Moscow region and the attenuated VIROG-43M strain were sequenced. Comparison of VIROG-43M nucleotide sequence with those of the pathogenic strains revealed three missense mutations. Their role in attenuation is discussed. For the first time, in a number of trials conducted under laboratory conditions and in commercial greenhouses, the efficiency of the attenuated VIROG-43M strain as a biocontrol agent for cucumber plant protection resulting in significant yield gain was demonstrated. Phylogenetic analysis with 83 full-length CGMMV coat protein genes isolated in 16 different countries showed that Russian strains are related to isolates from Spain, Greece, USA and Israel.展开更多
H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus poses a great challenge for poultry industry.Newcastle disease virus(NDV)-vectored H7N9 avian influenza vaccines(NDV_(vec)H7N9)are effective in disease control because they are prote...H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus poses a great challenge for poultry industry.Newcastle disease virus(NDV)-vectored H7N9 avian influenza vaccines(NDV_(vec)H7N9)are effective in disease control because they are protective and allow mass administration.Of note,these vaccines elicit undetectable H7N9-specific hemagglutination-inhibition(HI)but high IgG antibodies in chickens.However,the molecular basis and protective mechanism underlying this particular antibody immunity remain unclear.Herein,immunization with an NDV_(vec)H7N9 induced low anti-H7N9 HI and virus neutralization titers but high levels of hemagglutinin(HA)-binding IgG antibodies in chickens.Three residues(S150,G151 and S152)in HA of H7N9 virus were identified as the dominant epitopes recognized by the NDV_(vec)H7N9 immune serum.Passively transferred NDV_(vec)H7N9 immune serum conferred complete protection against H7N9 virus infection in chickens.The NDV_(vec)H7N9 immune serum can mediate a potent lysis of HA-expressing and H7N9 virus-infected cells and significantly suppress H7N9 virus infectivity.These activities of the serum were significantly impaired after heat-inactivation or treatment with complement inhibitor,suggesting the engagement of the complement system.Moreover,mutations in the 150-SGS-152 sites in HA resulted in significant reductions in cell lysis and virus neutralization mediated by the NDV_(vec)H7N9 immune serum,indicating the requirement of antibody-antigen binding for complement activity.Therefore,antibodies induced by the NDV_(vec)H7N9 can activate antibody-dependent complement-mediated lysis of H7N9 virus-infected cells and complement-mediated neutralization of H7N9 virus.Our findings unveiled a novel role of the complement in protection conferred by the NDV_(vec)H7N9,highlighting a potential benefit of engaging the complement system in H7N9 vaccine design.展开更多
Background To assess the enduring protective efficacy of the recombinant human papilloma virus(HPV)16/18 bivalent vaccine(produced in Escherichia coli)in preventing HPV infection.Methods A long-term follow-up study wa...Background To assess the enduring protective efficacy of the recombinant human papilloma virus(HPV)16/18 bivalent vaccine(produced in Escherichia coli)in preventing HPV infection.Methods A long-term follow-up study was conducted in Xinmi,Henan Province,in September 2022,9 years post-administration of the initial vaccine dose.This study was grounded in the phase III clinical trial of the vaccine(NCT01735006).Participants were recalled to collect exfoliated cervical cells for HPV DNA genotyping.The long-term protective efficacy of the vaccine against HPV infection was evaluated using Poisson distribution.Results A total of 1123 volunteers were recalled,comprising 558 individuals in the experimental group and 565 in the control group,with mean ages of 30.80±7.33 years and 30.64±7.51 years,respectively.At baseline(0 days before vaccination),147 participants(13.09%)were infected with any type of HPV.By the ninth year of follow-up,the overall HPV infection rate within the entire cohort had increased to 16.65%.In the intention-to-treat analysis,the demonstrated protective efficacy against HPV-16,HPV-18,and HPV-16/18 was 83.12%(95%confidence interval[CI]:24.20-98.17),100.00%(95%CI:−10.50 to 100.00)and 87.34%(95%CI:46.17-98.59),respectively.In the modified intention-to-treat analysis,the protective efficacy of the vaccine against HPV-16,HPV-18,and HPV-16/18 was 82.90%(95%CI:23.20-98.14),100.00%(−10.71 to 100.00),and 87.36%(95%CI:46.20-98.59),respectively.Conclusions Vaccination with the bivalent HPV vaccine offers long-term protection against HPV-16/18 infections for at least 9 years.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81772172, 81471957, 81671971, U1602223)
文摘Dengue fever, caused by dengue viruses(DENVs), is a widespread mosquito-borne zoonotic disease; however, there is no available anti-dengue vaccine for worldwide use. In the current study, a DNA vaccine candidate(pV-D4 ME) expressing prM-E protein of DENV serotype 4(DENV-4) was constructed, and its immunogenicity and protection were evaluated in immunocompetent BALB/c mice. The pV-D4 ME candidate vaccine induced effective humoral and cellular immunity of mice against DENV-4 in vivo when administered both at 50 μg and 5 μg through electroporation. Two weeks after receiving three immunizations, both doses of pV-D4 ME DNA were shown to confer effective protection against lethal DENV-4 challenge. Notably, at 6 months after the three immunizations, 50 μg, but not 5 μg, of pV-D4 ME could provide stable protection(100% survival rate) against DENV-4 lethal challenge without any obvious clinical signs. These results suggest that immunization with 50 μg pV-D4 ME through electroporation could confer effective and long-term protection against DENV-4, offering a promising approach for development of a novel DNA vaccine against DENVs.
文摘To determine passive haemagglutination (PHA) antibody titer that would protect chicks against Nigerian isolates of the Infectious Bursa Disease Virus (IBDV), five groups of chicks aged 30 days which had different antibody titers were challenged with a Nigerian isolate of virulent IBDV. Mortality rates of the different groups were plotted against their respective mean PHA antibody titers. A group with zero antibody titer had a mortality rate of 75% while those with PHA antibody titers of 185.6, 243.2, 256 and 307.2 had mortality rates of 40%, zero, zero and zero respectively. Linear equation generated for a line of best fit of the graph of mortality rates of the chicks on their IBD antibody titers gave antibody titer (X) at which mortality (Y) would be zero as 300. A mortality of 75% and the high antibody level needed to protect chicks suggest that the isolate may be a hypervirulent strain.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31470848, 31470880, 31670898, and 31870867)Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Virology of China (2017IOV003)Jiangsu Provincial Innovative Research Team
文摘Dear Editor,Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that belongs to the Flavivirus family along with dengue virus (DENV),yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus (Ming et al. 2016). ZIKV is a singlestranded positive-sense RNA virus encoding three structural proteins, including nucleocapsid protein C, prM/M,envelope glycoprotein E, and seven non-structural proteins.Since 2015.
文摘The DNA vaccine pCIHA5 encoding hemagglutinin can protect SPF chicken against lethal H5N1 avian influenza virus challenge. The more characters about its protection efficacity were studied. The protective rates in 10, 40, 70, 100 and 150 μg groups immunized with pCIHA5 were 12.5 (1/8), 58.3 (7/12), 72.7 (8/11), 50.0 (6/12) and 66.7% (8/12), respectively. The protective rates in 5, 20, 35 and 50 μg groups were 145.5 (5/11), 58.3 (7/12), 58.3 (7/12) and 91.7% (11/12), respectively. The 70, 100 and 5 μg groups have virus shedding of 1/8, 2/6 and 1/5. Though the inactived oil-emulsion vaccine has high HI antibody titers and 100% protective rate, the AGP antibody could be detected after vaccination. Results show that the pCIHA5 is fit to boost by intramuscular injection. This would be useful to the study on gene engineering vaccine of avian influenza virus.
文摘Background: One of potentially dangerous problems for a human organism is the new strain of a virus of bird flu-A/H7N9. As it is regular mutation of bird flu virus, it obvious, that of antibacterial preparations is not efficient. Efficiency decreases when the number of agents with multiple stability to antimicrobic remedy vastly increases, the part of associate infections enlarges, and aggression of opportunistic pathogenic flora rises. This reduces the role of the preparations in prevention of epidemics. Therefore, the optimization of only etiotropic therapies does not fully solve the problem. In this connection natural preparations seem extremely promising which strengthen the functional condition of immune system and, thereby, activate protective forces of macroorganism. Objectives: One of such preparations is BAE Synergy Liquid, a natural mineral water which was underwent subtle energetic changes at the natural energetic deposit. Design: An estimation of protective efficiency of naturally modified mineral BAE SL water was performed on white outbred mice-males in models of H7N9 virus. The animals were monitored during 16 days after infection, and survived and fallen mice were counted daily. Results: The results revealed significant effect of the investigated preparation as possible prophylactic care and medical remedy to the mentioned virus. This means that one can be considered as potential effective remedy for human. Conclusions: As significant effect of the immune system resistance was revealed, the experimental model with studied naturally modified mineral water is potentially generalizable.
文摘Broiler breeder vaccination against IBD is usually based on the injection of at least one inactivated vaccine in oil adjuvant, typically included in a combined vaccine. Priming using one or several IBD vaccine (s) has been the most common way to immunize the breeders so far. In summary, protection against vvIBD challenge in chicks of one commercial genetic line vaccinated in ovo with the HVT-IBD vector vaccine was demonstrated. The parents’ IBD vaccination program, using the HVT-IBD vector vaccine alone, the HVT-IBD vector vaccine plus IBD inactivated vaccine, and inactivated IBD vaccine alone, did not impair their progeny’s in ovo HVT-IBD vector vaccine take and subsequent protection against vvIBD virus challenge. An advantage in terms of immunization of the progeny against vvIBD was shown in the chicks born to breeders vaccinated with the HVT-IBD vaccine as a primer, as compared to breeders vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine alone. High level of IBD maternally-derived antibodies transmitted to the progeny by their parents induces together with an early onset of immunity by in ovo injection of a HVT-IBD vector vaccine clinical protection, as monitored on bursas, after vvIBD virus challenge.
基金supported by grant from the National Key Plan for Scientific Research and Development of China (2016YFC1200200)
文摘Conventional influenza vaccines need to be designed and manufactured yearly.However,they occasionally provide poor protection owing to antigenic mismatch.Hence,there is an urgent need to develop universal vaccines against influenza virus.Using nucleoprotein(NP)and extracellular domain of matrix protein 2(M2e)genes from the influenza A virus A/Beijing/30/95(H3N2),we constructed four recombinant vaccinia virus-based influenza vaccines carrying NP fused with one or four copies of M2e genes in different orders.The recombinant vaccinia viruses were used to immunize BALB/C mice.Humoral and cellular responses were measured,and then the immunized mice were challenged with the influenza A virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8).NP-specific humoral response was elicited in mice immunized with recombinant vaccinia viruses carrying full-length NP,while robust M2e-specific humoral response was elicited only in the mice immunized with recombinant vaccinia viruses carrying multiple copies of M2e.All recombinant viruses elicited NP-and M2e-specific cellular immune responses in mice.Only immunization with RVJ-4M2eNP induced remarkably higher levels of IL-2 and IL-10 cytokines specific to M2e.Furthermore,RVJ-4M2eNP immunization provided the highest cross-protection in mice challenged with 20 MLD5〇of PR8.Therefore,the cross-protection potentially correlates with both NP and M2e-specific humoral and cellular immune responses induced by RVJ-4M2eNP,which expresses a fusion antigen of full-length NP preceded by four M2e repeats.These results suggest that the rational fusion of NP and multiple M2e antigens is critical toward inducing protective immune responses,and the 4M2eNP fusion antigen may be employed to develop a universal influenza vaccine.
文摘Baculoviruses are effective biocontrol agents except of their short persistence under sunlight conditions. Four promising additives containing different groups of antioxidants were tested on cotton plant foliage. Spodoptera littoralis test insect and its nuclepolyhedrovirus （SpliNPV） are the standard material used in the investigation. Results are based on leaf-bioassays, to test Original Activity Remaining （OAR） and Lethal Infectivity Time to 50% （LIT50）of tested population of the virus after exposure to natural sunlight. The results showed that cacao additive at 10%, sustained 50% of virus activity for five days post application （113.11 hours） and three days and a half （83.33 hours） at 5% concentration. The virus alone treatment sustained 50% of its activity for only 24.07 hours. The obtained results suggested the possibility of prolonging the virus activity on plant foliage under field applications.
文摘Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are threatening avian pathogens that can cause serious respiratory diseases in poultry worldwide. Vaccination, combined with strict biosecurity practices, has been the recommendation for controlling these diseases in the field. In the present study, we generated NDV LaSota vaccine strain-based recombinant viruses expressing the glycoprotein (G) of aMPV, subtype A or B, using reverse genetics technology. These recombinant viruses, rLS/aMPV-A G and rLS/aMPV-B G, were characterized in cell cultures and evaluated in turkeys as bivalent, next-generation vaccines. The results showed that these recombinant vaccine candi-dates were slightly attenuated in vivo, yet maintained similar growth dynamics, cytopathic effects, and virus titers in vitro when compared to the parental LaSota virus. The expression of the aMPV G protein in recombinant virus-infected cells was detected by immunofluorescence. Vaccination of turkeys with rLS/aMPV-A G or rLS/aMPV-B G conferred complete protection against velogenic NDV, CA02 strain challenge and partial protection against homologous patho-genic aMPV challenge. These results suggest that the LaSota recombinant virus is a safe and effective vaccine vector and expression of the G protein alone is not sufficient to provide full protection against aMPV-A or -B infections. Ex-pression of other aMPV-A or -B virus immunogenic protein(s) individually or in conjunction with the G protein may be necessary to induce stronger and more protective immunity against aMPV diseases.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China(81771777,32070922).
文摘Human respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)infection is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness(LRTI),and no vaccine against LRTI has proven to be safe and effective in infants.Our study assessed attenuated recombinant RSVs as vaccine candidates to prevent RSV infection in mice.The constructed recombinant plasmids harbored(5′to 3′)a T7 promoter,hammerhead ribozyme,RSV Long strain antigenomic cDNA with cold-passaged(cp)mutations or cp combined with temperature-sensitive attenuated mutations from the A2 strain(A2cpts)or further combined with SH gene deletion(A2cptsΔSH),HDV ribozyme(δ),and a T7 terminator.These vectors were subsequently co-transfected with four helper plasmids encoding N,P,L,and M2-1 viral proteins into BHK/T7-9 cells,and the recovered viruses were then passaged in Vero cells.The rescued recombinant RSVs(rRSVs)were named rRSV-Long/A2cp,rRSV-Long/A2cpts,and rRSV-Long/A2cptsΔSH,respectively,and stably passaged in vitro,without reversion to wild type(wt)at sites containing introduced mutations or deletion.Although rRSV-Long/A2cpts and rRSV-Long/A2cptsΔSH displayed temperature-sensitive(ts)phenotype in vitro and in vivo,all rRSVs were significantly attenuated in vivo.Furthermore,BALB/c mice immunized with rRSVs produced Th1-biased immune response,resisted wtRSV infection,and were free from enhanced respiratory disease.We showed that the combination ofΔSH with attenuation(att)mutations of cpts contributed to improving att phenotype,efficacy,and gene stability of rRSV.By successfully introducing att mutations and SH gene deletion into the RSV Long parent and producing three rRSV strains,we have laid an important foundation for the development of RSV live attenuated vaccines.
基金supported by The Drug Innovation Major Project(Grant No.2018ZX09711001)the Key Research and Development Projects of Science and Technology Department of Shandong Province(Grant No.2017CXGC1309)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.ZR2019MH078,ZR2017MH086)
文摘Conventional influenza vaccines are based on predicting the circulating viruses year by year,conferring limited effectiveness since the antigenicity of vaccine strains does not always match the circulating viruses.This necessitates development of universal influenza vaccines that provide broader and lasting protection against pan-influenza viruses.The discovery of the highly conserved immunogens(epitopes)of influenza viruses provides attractive targets for universal vaccine design.Here we review the current understanding with broadly protective immunogens(epitopes)and discuss several important considerations to achieve the goal of universal influenza vaccines.
基金funded by the National863Plan-Platform Establishment of Production Technology of Pandemic Vaccine by Vero Cell Carrier(2006AA02Z409)Yunnan Natural Science Foundation-Vero Cell Adapted Strains of Influenza A virus(2004C070M)Yunnan Domestic S&T Cooperation Project-Development of Influenza Virus Vaccine of Vero Cell(2006YX29)
文摘[ Objective] The aim was to select protective agent of HA antigen of influenza virus. [ Method] H3N2 and H1 N1 subtype influenza virus were added into A - F groups to conduct accelerated test at 37 ℃and measure HA titer through hemagglutination test. t Result] Hemagglutination titers of H3 N2 and H, N1 subtype influenza virus were 20 and 32 in group A （ with PBS buffer solution） for 28 d; heat stability of HA antigen proved the best in group F （with BSA, fucose, proclin 300, triton 100） ; hemagglutination titers of HA antigen of H3N2 and H1 N1 subtype virus were 48 and 96 for 28 d. [ Conclusion] Components in group F were best in protection on HA antigen, which can be a candidate of protective agent.
基金the NSFC(Nos.61701176 and 62071119)Macao FDCT(No.0065/2020/A2)+5 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(Nos.2022JJ50052,2018JJ3130 and 2020JJ5145)Hunan Key R&D Projects(No.2021SK2003)Nanjing Important Science&Technology Specific Projects(No.2021-11005)2022 Special Project for the Construction of Innovative Provinces to Fight the COVID-19 Outbreak(No.2022SK2115)Open Funding of State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases(No.SKLOD2022OF05)Shenzhen Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program Innovation and Entrepreneurship Special Project(No.20220624181237005).
文摘The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in late 2019 has negatively affected people's lives and productivity.Because the mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is of great concern,this review discusses the sources of virus aerosols and possible transmission routes.First,we discuss virus aerosol collection methods,including natural sedimentation,solid impact,liquid impact,centrifugal,cyclone and electrostatic adsorption methods.Then,we review common virus aerosol detection methods,including virus culture,metabolic detection,nucleic acid-based detection and immunology-based detection methods.Finally,possible solutions for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols are introduced.Point-of-care testing has long been a focus of attention.In the near future,the development of an instrument that integrates sampling and output results will enable the real-time,automatic monitoring of patients.
文摘Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), a member of the Tobamovirus genus, causes a severe disease of cucurbits. In the Moscow region of Russian Federation, the incidence of infection on cucumber plants in greenhouses is high;however, the virus is poorly studied. In this work, the full-length genomes of two pathogenic MC-1 and MC-2 strains of CGMMV isolated from cucumber plants grown in greenhouses in the Moscow region and the attenuated VIROG-43M strain were sequenced. Comparison of VIROG-43M nucleotide sequence with those of the pathogenic strains revealed three missense mutations. Their role in attenuation is discussed. For the first time, in a number of trials conducted under laboratory conditions and in commercial greenhouses, the efficiency of the attenuated VIROG-43M strain as a biocontrol agent for cucumber plant protection resulting in significant yield gain was demonstrated. Phylogenetic analysis with 83 full-length CGMMV coat protein genes isolated in 16 different countries showed that Russian strains are related to isolates from Spain, Greece, USA and Israel.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-40)the Key Research and Development Project of Yangzhou(Modern Agriculture),China(YZ2022052)the‘‘High-end Talent Support Program’’of Yangzhou University,China。
文摘H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus poses a great challenge for poultry industry.Newcastle disease virus(NDV)-vectored H7N9 avian influenza vaccines(NDV_(vec)H7N9)are effective in disease control because they are protective and allow mass administration.Of note,these vaccines elicit undetectable H7N9-specific hemagglutination-inhibition(HI)but high IgG antibodies in chickens.However,the molecular basis and protective mechanism underlying this particular antibody immunity remain unclear.Herein,immunization with an NDV_(vec)H7N9 induced low anti-H7N9 HI and virus neutralization titers but high levels of hemagglutinin(HA)-binding IgG antibodies in chickens.Three residues(S150,G151 and S152)in HA of H7N9 virus were identified as the dominant epitopes recognized by the NDV_(vec)H7N9 immune serum.Passively transferred NDV_(vec)H7N9 immune serum conferred complete protection against H7N9 virus infection in chickens.The NDV_(vec)H7N9 immune serum can mediate a potent lysis of HA-expressing and H7N9 virus-infected cells and significantly suppress H7N9 virus infectivity.These activities of the serum were significantly impaired after heat-inactivation or treatment with complement inhibitor,suggesting the engagement of the complement system.Moreover,mutations in the 150-SGS-152 sites in HA resulted in significant reductions in cell lysis and virus neutralization mediated by the NDV_(vec)H7N9 immune serum,indicating the requirement of antibody-antigen binding for complement activity.Therefore,antibodies induced by the NDV_(vec)H7N9 can activate antibody-dependent complement-mediated lysis of H7N9 virus-infected cells and complement-mediated neutralization of H7N9 virus.Our findings unveiled a novel role of the complement in protection conferred by the NDV_(vec)H7N9,highlighting a potential benefit of engaging the complement system in H7N9 vaccine design.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Grant Number:CAMS 2021-I2M-1-004)support from the Tencent Sustainable Social Value Inclusive Health Lab and the ChongQing Tencent Sustainable Development Foundation through the“Comprehensive Prevention and Control Demonstration Project for Eliminating Cervical Cancer and Breast Cancer in Low Health Resource Areas of China”(Project Number:SD20240904145730).
文摘Background To assess the enduring protective efficacy of the recombinant human papilloma virus(HPV)16/18 bivalent vaccine(produced in Escherichia coli)in preventing HPV infection.Methods A long-term follow-up study was conducted in Xinmi,Henan Province,in September 2022,9 years post-administration of the initial vaccine dose.This study was grounded in the phase III clinical trial of the vaccine(NCT01735006).Participants were recalled to collect exfoliated cervical cells for HPV DNA genotyping.The long-term protective efficacy of the vaccine against HPV infection was evaluated using Poisson distribution.Results A total of 1123 volunteers were recalled,comprising 558 individuals in the experimental group and 565 in the control group,with mean ages of 30.80±7.33 years and 30.64±7.51 years,respectively.At baseline(0 days before vaccination),147 participants(13.09%)were infected with any type of HPV.By the ninth year of follow-up,the overall HPV infection rate within the entire cohort had increased to 16.65%.In the intention-to-treat analysis,the demonstrated protective efficacy against HPV-16,HPV-18,and HPV-16/18 was 83.12%(95%confidence interval[CI]:24.20-98.17),100.00%(95%CI:−10.50 to 100.00)and 87.34%(95%CI:46.17-98.59),respectively.In the modified intention-to-treat analysis,the protective efficacy of the vaccine against HPV-16,HPV-18,and HPV-16/18 was 82.90%(95%CI:23.20-98.14),100.00%(−10.71 to 100.00),and 87.36%(95%CI:46.20-98.59),respectively.Conclusions Vaccination with the bivalent HPV vaccine offers long-term protection against HPV-16/18 infections for at least 9 years.
