Potential games(PG)have attracted the attention of many researchers because of its excellent properties and multi-PG are more flexible and extensible,which greatly improve the application range of PG.Consider that wei...Potential games(PG)have attracted the attention of many researchers because of its excellent properties and multi-PG are more flexible and extensible,which greatly improve the application range of PG.Consider that weights and states to each player are common and practical in many application scenarios,and in this paper,by introducing weight value and state into multi-PG,q-weighted PG and q-state PG are systematically discussed and analyzed to expand the types of PG,respectively.First,using semi-tensor product of matrices(STP),a matrix approach to the modeling of weighted PG is investigated,and the verification method of weighted PG is proposed by defining three matrices,and the problem of how to detect weighted PG can be transformed to solve an algebraic equation,which is composed of the above three matrices.Next,by bringing weight values into multi-PG and detecting the weighted PG for each group,the verification method is extended to the q-weighted PG.Second,the model of state-based PG is constructed,and the problem of how to detect state-based PG can be transformed to solve another algebraic equation,which is seen as an extension of the verification method of weighted PG.Subsequently,the verification of q-state PG is discussed.Finally,we use two examples to demonstrate the validation of obtained results.展开更多
Polypyrrole (PPy) films were prepared by multi-potential steps polymerization in an aqueous pyrrole solution, with lithium perchlorate and oxalic acid as supporting electrolytes. Morphology and structure of PPy films ...Polypyrrole (PPy) films were prepared by multi-potential steps polymerization in an aqueous pyrrole solution, with lithium perchlorate and oxalic acid as supporting electrolytes. Morphology and structure of PPy films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical behaviors of PPy films were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that multi-potential steps polymerization improves the conductivity of PPy films and large polymer films can be peeled off easily from the electrode without cracking. Lithium perchlorate and oxalic acid provide appropriate dopants for PPy polymerization. It was observed that the polymerization time and the current density have a crucial influence on the surface morphology of PPy films. Smooth and compact PPy films could be generated under long polymerization time and low current density. Multi-potential steps polymerization decreases the occurrence of peroxidation, which improves the conductivity of PPy films. The parameters for multi-potential steps polymerization have been optimized.展开更多
In this study,a novel organic Rankine cycle(ORC)based on a pump driven by internal multi-potential,i.e.,gravity-assisted thermally driven pump(GTP),is presented.The newly proposed cycle consists of a GTP,a condenser,a...In this study,a novel organic Rankine cycle(ORC)based on a pump driven by internal multi-potential,i.e.,gravity-assisted thermally driven pump(GTP),is presented.The newly proposed cycle consists of a GTP,a condenser,an expander,and an evaporator.The GTP component is composed of three top-down organized units,and it drives the transport of liquid from the low-pressure condenser to the high-pressure evaporator by thermal energy and gravity.Such a component substitutes the conventional electricity-driven pump.Moreover,the modified scroll expander of the ORC-GTP system is experimentally studied,and the results show that the best conversion efficiency from shaft work to electricity and the best isentropic efficiency are 82.0%and 84.2%,respectively.The experimental setup of the ORC-GTP power system is built for low-grade thermal energy recovery.It is tested under the average evaporator outlet temperature of 96.4℃,106.1℃,and 108.8℃at the ambient temperature of around 25℃.The highest shaft work is achieved at 96.4℃evaporator outlet temperature,and the largest ratio of time lasting for power generation is 100%.Since the ORC-GTP system has much less sensible heat loss of the evaporator,the highest average thermal efficiency of the ORC-GTP reaches 3.57%,which is increased by 71.74%compared with the pumpless ORC system in the literature.展开更多
Based on the interference effect of surface self-oxidation peak on the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance,appropriate experimental strategies and data processing methods are crucial to correctly identify and ad...Based on the interference effect of surface self-oxidation peak on the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance,appropriate experimental strategies and data processing methods are crucial to correctly identify and address the oxidation peak in nickel-based materials to ensure data accuracy.Considering these facts that frequent OER performance misjudgment would confuse the readers,we revealed this reason and proposed the use of multi-potential step method to avoid non-steady-state currents caused by capacitive charging effects or intermediate oxidation.Additionally,combining electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)analysis,we discussed high-frequency response characteristics to further reveal the surface self-oxidation process.These research findings are crucial for accurately evaluating the actual performance of some special materials in electrochemical catalysis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No.62203328.
文摘Potential games(PG)have attracted the attention of many researchers because of its excellent properties and multi-PG are more flexible and extensible,which greatly improve the application range of PG.Consider that weights and states to each player are common and practical in many application scenarios,and in this paper,by introducing weight value and state into multi-PG,q-weighted PG and q-state PG are systematically discussed and analyzed to expand the types of PG,respectively.First,using semi-tensor product of matrices(STP),a matrix approach to the modeling of weighted PG is investigated,and the verification method of weighted PG is proposed by defining three matrices,and the problem of how to detect weighted PG can be transformed to solve an algebraic equation,which is composed of the above three matrices.Next,by bringing weight values into multi-PG and detecting the weighted PG for each group,the verification method is extended to the q-weighted PG.Second,the model of state-based PG is constructed,and the problem of how to detect state-based PG can be transformed to solve another algebraic equation,which is seen as an extension of the verification method of weighted PG.Subsequently,the verification of q-state PG is discussed.Finally,we use two examples to demonstrate the validation of obtained results.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China ("973"Program) (Grant No. 2011CB935701)the National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China (Grant No. 20100480251)
文摘Polypyrrole (PPy) films were prepared by multi-potential steps polymerization in an aqueous pyrrole solution, with lithium perchlorate and oxalic acid as supporting electrolytes. Morphology and structure of PPy films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical behaviors of PPy films were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that multi-potential steps polymerization improves the conductivity of PPy films and large polymer films can be peeled off easily from the electrode without cracking. Lithium perchlorate and oxalic acid provide appropriate dopants for PPy polymerization. It was observed that the polymerization time and the current density have a crucial influence on the surface morphology of PPy films. Smooth and compact PPy films could be generated under long polymerization time and low current density. Multi-potential steps polymerization decreases the occurrence of peroxidation, which improves the conductivity of PPy films. The parameters for multi-potential steps polymerization have been optimized.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for the Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.51825602)the Major Scientific Research and Innovation Project of Shanghai Education Commission(Grant No.2019-01-07-00-02-E00044).
文摘In this study,a novel organic Rankine cycle(ORC)based on a pump driven by internal multi-potential,i.e.,gravity-assisted thermally driven pump(GTP),is presented.The newly proposed cycle consists of a GTP,a condenser,an expander,and an evaporator.The GTP component is composed of three top-down organized units,and it drives the transport of liquid from the low-pressure condenser to the high-pressure evaporator by thermal energy and gravity.Such a component substitutes the conventional electricity-driven pump.Moreover,the modified scroll expander of the ORC-GTP system is experimentally studied,and the results show that the best conversion efficiency from shaft work to electricity and the best isentropic efficiency are 82.0%and 84.2%,respectively.The experimental setup of the ORC-GTP power system is built for low-grade thermal energy recovery.It is tested under the average evaporator outlet temperature of 96.4℃,106.1℃,and 108.8℃at the ambient temperature of around 25℃.The highest shaft work is achieved at 96.4℃evaporator outlet temperature,and the largest ratio of time lasting for power generation is 100%.Since the ORC-GTP system has much less sensible heat loss of the evaporator,the highest average thermal efficiency of the ORC-GTP reaches 3.57%,which is increased by 71.74%compared with the pumpless ORC system in the literature.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22208331)Science and Technology Innovation fund of Wuhan Textile University(243001).
文摘Based on the interference effect of surface self-oxidation peak on the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance,appropriate experimental strategies and data processing methods are crucial to correctly identify and address the oxidation peak in nickel-based materials to ensure data accuracy.Considering these facts that frequent OER performance misjudgment would confuse the readers,we revealed this reason and proposed the use of multi-potential step method to avoid non-steady-state currents caused by capacitive charging effects or intermediate oxidation.Additionally,combining electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)analysis,we discussed high-frequency response characteristics to further reveal the surface self-oxidation process.These research findings are crucial for accurately evaluating the actual performance of some special materials in electrochemical catalysis.
