Background Tactile and mechanical pain are crucial to our interaction with the environment,yet the underpinning molecular mechanism is still elusive.Endophilin A2(EndoA2)is an evolutionarily conserved protein that is ...Background Tactile and mechanical pain are crucial to our interaction with the environment,yet the underpinning molecular mechanism is still elusive.Endophilin A2(EndoA2)is an evolutionarily conserved protein that is documented in the endocytosis pathway.However,the role of EndoA2 in the regulation of mechanical sensitivity and its underlying mechanisms are currently unclear.Methods Male and female C57BL/6 mice(8–12 weeks)and male cynomolgus monkeys(7–10 years old)were used in our experiments.Nerve injury-,inflammatory-,and chemotherapy-induced pathological pain models were established for this study.Behavioral tests of touch,mechanical pain,heat pain,and cold pain were performed in mice and nonhuman primates.Western blotting,immunostaining,co-immunoprecipitation,proximity ligation and patch-clamp recordings were performed to gain insight into the mechanisms.Results The results showed that EndoA2 was primarily distributed in neurofilament-200-positive(NF200+)medium-to-large diameter dorsal root ganglion(DRG)neurons of mice and humans.Loss of EndoA2 in mouse NF200+DRG neurons selectively impaired the tactile and mechanical allodynia.Furthermore,EndoA2 interacted with the mechanically sensitive ion channel Piezo2 and promoted the membrane trafficking of Piezo2 in DRG neurons.Moreover,as an adaptor protein,EndoA2 also bound to kinesin family member 5B(KIF5B),which was involved in the EndoA2-mediated membrane trafficking process of Piezo2.Loss of EndoA2 in mouse DRG neurons damaged Piezo2-mediated rapidly adapting mechanically activated currents,and re-expression of EndoA2 rescued the MA currents.In addition,interference with EndoA2 also suppressed touch sensitivity and mechanical hypersensitivity in nonhuman primates.Conclusions Our data reveal that the KIF5B/EndoA2/Piezo2 complex is essential for Piezo2 trafficking and for sustaining transmission of touch and mechanical hypersensitivity signals.EndoA2 regulates touch and mechanical allodynia via kinesin-mediated Piezo2 trafficking in sensory neurons.Our findings identify a potential new target for the treatment of mechanical pain.展开更多
The multi-point dynamic aggregation(MPDA)problem is a challenging real-world problem.In the MPDA problem,the demands of tasks keep changing with their inherent incremental rates,while a heterogeneous robot fleet is re...The multi-point dynamic aggregation(MPDA)problem is a challenging real-world problem.In the MPDA problem,the demands of tasks keep changing with their inherent incremental rates,while a heterogeneous robot fleet is required to travel between these tasks to change the time-varying state of each task.The robots are allowed to collaborate on the same task or work separately until all tasks are completed.It is challenging to generate an effective task execution plan due to the tight coupling between robots abilities and tasks'incremental rates,and the complexity of robot collaboration.For effectiveness consideration,we use the variable length encoding to avoid redundancy in the solution space.We creatively use the adaptive large neighborhood search(ALNS)framework to solve the MPDA problem.In the proposed algorithm,high-quality initial solutions are generated through multiple problem-specific solution construction heuristics.These heuristics are also used to fix the broken solution in the novel integrated decoding-construction repair process of the ALNS framework.The results of statistical analysis by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test demonstrate that the proposed ALNS can obtain better task execution plans than some state-of-the-art algorithms in most MPDA instances.展开更多
Sandwich structures are vulnerable to multi-point impacts,and such impacts can result in a reduction in residual strength even catastrophic accident.Therefore,the multi-point impact behaviors of PMI foam sandwich stru...Sandwich structures are vulnerable to multi-point impacts,and such impacts can result in a reduction in residual strength even catastrophic accident.Therefore,the multi-point impact behaviors of PMI foam sandwich structure are investigated and studied using experimental and numerical coupled methods.Three impact energy levels and five Distances Between Impact Positions(DBIP)are considered in details,and representative impact characteristics are compared to reveal the association between Compression After Impact(CAI)strength and DBIP.Results indicate that the interference between the multi-point impact events has a dominant effect on CAI strength when DBIP is small,and the variation in bending stiffness induced by the boundary effect is the dominant factor affecting CAI strength when DBIP ranges from 20 mm to 60 mm.In addition,matrix damage represents the primary damage mode in multi-point impact,and the calculated ratio of energy absorbed by the top face sheet and honeycomb core,in relation to the total absorbed energy,serves as a clear indicator of the damage severity experienced by both components.This work is enlightening for the structural design of impact-resistant composites.展开更多
A touch sensor is an essential component in meeting the growing demand for human-machine interfaces.These sensors have been developed in wearable,attachable,and even implantable forms to acquire a wide range of inform...A touch sensor is an essential component in meeting the growing demand for human-machine interfaces.These sensors have been developed in wearable,attachable,and even implantable forms to acquire a wide range of information from humans.To be applied to the human body,sensors are required to be biocompatible and not restrict the natural movement of the body.Ionic materials are a promising candidate for soft touch sensors due to their outstanding properties,which include high stretchability,transparency,ionic conductivity,and biocompatibility.Here,this review discusses the unique features of soft ionic touch point sensors,focusing on the ionic material and its key role in the sensor.The touch sensing mechanisms include piezocapacitive,piezoresistive,surface capacitive,piezoelectric,and triboelectric and triboresistive sensing.This review analyzes the implementation hurdles and future research directions of the soft ionic touch sensors for their transformative potential.展开更多
Purpose – Straightness measurement of rail weld joint is of essential importance to railway maintenance. Dueto the lack of efficient measurement equipment, there has been limited in-depth research on rail weld joint ...Purpose – Straightness measurement of rail weld joint is of essential importance to railway maintenance. Dueto the lack of efficient measurement equipment, there has been limited in-depth research on rail weld joint with a5-m wavelength range, leaving a significant knowledge gap in this field.Design/methodology/approach – In this study, the authors used the well-established inertial referencemethod (IR-method), and the state-of-the-art multi-point chord reference method (MCR-method). Two methodshave been applied in different types of rail straightness measurement trollies, respectively. These instrumentswere tested in a high-speed rail section within a certain region of China. The test results were ultimatelyvalidated through using traditional straightedge and feeler gauge methods as reference data to evaluate the railweld joint straightness within the 5-m wavelength range.Findings – The research reveals that IR-method and MCR-method produce reasonably similar measurementresults for wavelengths below 1 m. However, MCR-method outperforms IR-method in terms of accuracy forwavelengths exceeding 3 m. Furthermore, it was observed that IR-method, while operating at a slower speed,carries the risk of derailing and is incapable of detecting rail weld joints and low joints within the track.Originality/value – The research compare two methods’ measurement effects in a longer wavelength rangeand demonstrate the superiority of MCR-method.展开更多
BACKGROUND Oral implant surgery is an effective procedure for artificial implants in missing tooth areas under local anesthesia.Because patients under local anesthesia are conscious during this procedure,compared with...BACKGROUND Oral implant surgery is an effective procedure for artificial implants in missing tooth areas under local anesthesia.Because patients under local anesthesia are conscious during this procedure,compared with general anesthesia-related operations,they are more likely to experience negative emotions,such as anxiety and tension.These emotional reactions result in shivering and chills in the limbs,leading to poor doctor-patient cooperation and even avoidance of treatment.In traditional Chinese medicine,it is believed that acupoint massage regulates blood and Qi,dredge menstruation,and relieve pain,which is beneficial for patients’emotional adjustment;however,there are few related clinical studies.AIM To observe the changes in anxiety and pain in patients with oral implant after acupoint massage combined with touch therapy.METHODS One hundred patients undergoing oral implantation in our hospital between May 2020 and May 2023 were randomly divided into control and study groups,according to a random number table,with 50 patients in each group.The control group received routine intervention,and the study group received acupoint massage combined with touch on the basis of the control group.Anxiety[assessed using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale(MDAS)],pain severity,blood pressure,heart rate,and satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Before intervention,the difference in MDAS score between the two groups was not significant(P>0.05),while after the intervention,the MDAS scores decreased in both groups compared with those before the intervention(P<0.05);the MDAS score of the study group was lower than that of the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The degree of pain in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Before the intervention,there were no significant differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressures or heart rate between the two groups(P>0.05).The systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate in the intervention group,during and after the intervention,were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The total degree of satisfaction in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Acupoint massage combined with touch better relieves anxiety and pain in patients undergoing dental implant surgery,improving the perioperative comfort of these patients and ensuring safety and a smooth operation.展开更多
为探究种植菌草的丘陵地区土壤间、土壤与移栽触土部件间相互作用的规律并获取其仿真参数,运用Hertz—Mindlin with JKR接触模型对特定的12%±1%和20%±1%的含水率土壤—移栽触土部件进行离散元参数标定。开展土壤堆积角物理试...为探究种植菌草的丘陵地区土壤间、土壤与移栽触土部件间相互作用的规律并获取其仿真参数,运用Hertz—Mindlin with JKR接触模型对特定的12%±1%和20%±1%的含水率土壤—移栽触土部件进行离散元参数标定。开展土壤堆积角物理试验、土球斜面滚动物理试验。以土壤颗粒间、土壤与移栽触土部件间的表面能、恢复系数、动摩擦系数、静摩擦系数为标定对象,设计旋转中心组合试验并以仿真的土壤堆积角、土球在65Mn板上滚动距离为响应值,采用Box—Behnken对试验数据回归分析,以实测的土壤堆积角、土球滚动距离为优化目标,采用两种典型含水率下土壤与触土材料(65Mn)的静摩擦系数为约束条件,得到两种典型含水率的土壤间、土壤与移栽触土部件的离散元参数:含水率分别为12%±1%、20%±1%时,土壤颗粒间表面能、恢复系数、动摩擦系数、静摩擦系数为11.042 J/m^(2)和11.851 J/m^(2)、0.412和0.574、0.093和0.129、0.994和1.009;土壤与触土部件表面能、恢复系数、动摩擦系数为5.046 J/m^(2)、8.026 J/m^(2),0.362、0.388和0.066、0.07。为验证优化后离散元参数的准确性,开展验证试验得:两种典型含水率土壤仿真、物理堆积角相对误差为0.96%、0.95%,仿真、物理滚动试验相对误差为0.52%、1%。结果表明,优化标定后的土壤模型参数能够仿真该地区真实的菌草土壤模型,可为菌草移栽械关键部件的设计与优化提供重要理论依据。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82271241 and 82001172 to XLZ,81801112 to MXX)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515012389 to MXX,2022A1515012543 to RCL)+2 种基金Young Talent Support Project of Guangzhou Association for Science and Technology(QT20220101169 to XLZ)Excellent Young Talents Project of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences(KY012021188 to XLZ)Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(202201010792 to RCL)。
文摘Background Tactile and mechanical pain are crucial to our interaction with the environment,yet the underpinning molecular mechanism is still elusive.Endophilin A2(EndoA2)is an evolutionarily conserved protein that is documented in the endocytosis pathway.However,the role of EndoA2 in the regulation of mechanical sensitivity and its underlying mechanisms are currently unclear.Methods Male and female C57BL/6 mice(8–12 weeks)and male cynomolgus monkeys(7–10 years old)were used in our experiments.Nerve injury-,inflammatory-,and chemotherapy-induced pathological pain models were established for this study.Behavioral tests of touch,mechanical pain,heat pain,and cold pain were performed in mice and nonhuman primates.Western blotting,immunostaining,co-immunoprecipitation,proximity ligation and patch-clamp recordings were performed to gain insight into the mechanisms.Results The results showed that EndoA2 was primarily distributed in neurofilament-200-positive(NF200+)medium-to-large diameter dorsal root ganglion(DRG)neurons of mice and humans.Loss of EndoA2 in mouse NF200+DRG neurons selectively impaired the tactile and mechanical allodynia.Furthermore,EndoA2 interacted with the mechanically sensitive ion channel Piezo2 and promoted the membrane trafficking of Piezo2 in DRG neurons.Moreover,as an adaptor protein,EndoA2 also bound to kinesin family member 5B(KIF5B),which was involved in the EndoA2-mediated membrane trafficking process of Piezo2.Loss of EndoA2 in mouse DRG neurons damaged Piezo2-mediated rapidly adapting mechanically activated currents,and re-expression of EndoA2 rescued the MA currents.In addition,interference with EndoA2 also suppressed touch sensitivity and mechanical hypersensitivity in nonhuman primates.Conclusions Our data reveal that the KIF5B/EndoA2/Piezo2 complex is essential for Piezo2 trafficking and for sustaining transmission of touch and mechanical hypersensitivity signals.EndoA2 regulates touch and mechanical allodynia via kinesin-mediated Piezo2 trafficking in sensory neurons.Our findings identify a potential new target for the treatment of mechanical pain.
基金supported in part by the National Outstanding Youth Talents Support Program(No.61822304)the Basic Science Center Program of the NSFC(No.62088101)+2 种基金the Project of Major International(Regional)Joint Research Program of NSFC(No.61720106011)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2021SHZDZX0100)the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology Project(No.19511132101).
文摘The multi-point dynamic aggregation(MPDA)problem is a challenging real-world problem.In the MPDA problem,the demands of tasks keep changing with their inherent incremental rates,while a heterogeneous robot fleet is required to travel between these tasks to change the time-varying state of each task.The robots are allowed to collaborate on the same task or work separately until all tasks are completed.It is challenging to generate an effective task execution plan due to the tight coupling between robots abilities and tasks'incremental rates,and the complexity of robot collaboration.For effectiveness consideration,we use the variable length encoding to avoid redundancy in the solution space.We creatively use the adaptive large neighborhood search(ALNS)framework to solve the MPDA problem.In the proposed algorithm,high-quality initial solutions are generated through multiple problem-specific solution construction heuristics.These heuristics are also used to fix the broken solution in the novel integrated decoding-construction repair process of the ALNS framework.The results of statistical analysis by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test demonstrate that the proposed ALNS can obtain better task execution plans than some state-of-the-art algorithms in most MPDA instances.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB3709602,2023YFB3709603)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12372141)the Key R&D Program in Shaanxi Province(2024GH-ZDXM-27).
文摘Sandwich structures are vulnerable to multi-point impacts,and such impacts can result in a reduction in residual strength even catastrophic accident.Therefore,the multi-point impact behaviors of PMI foam sandwich structure are investigated and studied using experimental and numerical coupled methods.Three impact energy levels and five Distances Between Impact Positions(DBIP)are considered in details,and representative impact characteristics are compared to reveal the association between Compression After Impact(CAI)strength and DBIP.Results indicate that the interference between the multi-point impact events has a dominant effect on CAI strength when DBIP is small,and the variation in bending stiffness induced by the boundary effect is the dominant factor affecting CAI strength when DBIP ranges from 20 mm to 60 mm.In addition,matrix damage represents the primary damage mode in multi-point impact,and the calculated ratio of energy absorbed by the top face sheet and honeycomb core,in relation to the total absorbed energy,serves as a clear indicator of the damage severity experienced by both components.This work is enlightening for the structural design of impact-resistant composites.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)(No.2021R1C1C2009703)the Gachon University Research Fund of 2022(GCU-202300890001).
文摘A touch sensor is an essential component in meeting the growing demand for human-machine interfaces.These sensors have been developed in wearable,attachable,and even implantable forms to acquire a wide range of information from humans.To be applied to the human body,sensors are required to be biocompatible and not restrict the natural movement of the body.Ionic materials are a promising candidate for soft touch sensors due to their outstanding properties,which include high stretchability,transparency,ionic conductivity,and biocompatibility.Here,this review discusses the unique features of soft ionic touch point sensors,focusing on the ionic material and its key role in the sensor.The touch sensing mechanisms include piezocapacitive,piezoresistive,surface capacitive,piezoelectric,and triboelectric and triboresistive sensing.This review analyzes the implementation hurdles and future research directions of the soft ionic touch sensors for their transformative potential.
文摘Purpose – Straightness measurement of rail weld joint is of essential importance to railway maintenance. Dueto the lack of efficient measurement equipment, there has been limited in-depth research on rail weld joint with a5-m wavelength range, leaving a significant knowledge gap in this field.Design/methodology/approach – In this study, the authors used the well-established inertial referencemethod (IR-method), and the state-of-the-art multi-point chord reference method (MCR-method). Two methodshave been applied in different types of rail straightness measurement trollies, respectively. These instrumentswere tested in a high-speed rail section within a certain region of China. The test results were ultimatelyvalidated through using traditional straightedge and feeler gauge methods as reference data to evaluate the railweld joint straightness within the 5-m wavelength range.Findings – The research reveals that IR-method and MCR-method produce reasonably similar measurementresults for wavelengths below 1 m. However, MCR-method outperforms IR-method in terms of accuracy forwavelengths exceeding 3 m. Furthermore, it was observed that IR-method, while operating at a slower speed,carries the risk of derailing and is incapable of detecting rail weld joints and low joints within the track.Originality/value – The research compare two methods’ measurement effects in a longer wavelength rangeand demonstrate the superiority of MCR-method.
文摘BACKGROUND Oral implant surgery is an effective procedure for artificial implants in missing tooth areas under local anesthesia.Because patients under local anesthesia are conscious during this procedure,compared with general anesthesia-related operations,they are more likely to experience negative emotions,such as anxiety and tension.These emotional reactions result in shivering and chills in the limbs,leading to poor doctor-patient cooperation and even avoidance of treatment.In traditional Chinese medicine,it is believed that acupoint massage regulates blood and Qi,dredge menstruation,and relieve pain,which is beneficial for patients’emotional adjustment;however,there are few related clinical studies.AIM To observe the changes in anxiety and pain in patients with oral implant after acupoint massage combined with touch therapy.METHODS One hundred patients undergoing oral implantation in our hospital between May 2020 and May 2023 were randomly divided into control and study groups,according to a random number table,with 50 patients in each group.The control group received routine intervention,and the study group received acupoint massage combined with touch on the basis of the control group.Anxiety[assessed using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale(MDAS)],pain severity,blood pressure,heart rate,and satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Before intervention,the difference in MDAS score between the two groups was not significant(P>0.05),while after the intervention,the MDAS scores decreased in both groups compared with those before the intervention(P<0.05);the MDAS score of the study group was lower than that of the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The degree of pain in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Before the intervention,there were no significant differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressures or heart rate between the two groups(P>0.05).The systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate in the intervention group,during and after the intervention,were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The total degree of satisfaction in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Acupoint massage combined with touch better relieves anxiety and pain in patients undergoing dental implant surgery,improving the perioperative comfort of these patients and ensuring safety and a smooth operation.
