Field-effect nanofluidic transistors(FENTs),biomimicking the structure and functionality of neuron,act as biological transistors with the ability to gate switching responses to external stimuli.The switching ratio has...Field-effect nanofluidic transistors(FENTs),biomimicking the structure and functionality of neuron,act as biological transistors with the ability to gate switching responses to external stimuli.The switching ratio has been verified to evaluate the performance of FENTs,but until recently,the response time,another crucial indicator,has been ignored.Employing finite-element method,we investigated the relationship among gate charge,switching ratio and response time by divisionally manipulating gate charge,including entrance surface and the surface of confinement space,for ion transport to optimize switching capability.The dual-split gate charge on FENTs exhibits synergistic effect on switching response.Based on the two regional gate charge on FENTs,multivalence ions in lower concentration,high aspect ratio and single channel show higher switching ratio but longer response time compared to monovalent ions.The findings highlight the necessity of balancing these two signals in FENTs and offer insights for optimizing their design and expanding applications to dual-signal-detection iontronics.展开更多
In recent years,acoustic logic gates has attracted growing interest in acoustics due to their promising applications in acoustic communication and signal processing.For practical implementation,these logic gates must ...In recent years,acoustic logic gates has attracted growing interest in acoustics due to their promising applications in acoustic communication and signal processing.For practical implementation,these logic gates must operate over a certain bandwidth to ensure reliable performance.However,current experimental realizations have predominantly been confined to single-frequency or narrowband operation,leaving their broadband capabilities largely unverified.To address this gap,we present both numerical and experimental demonstrations of three basic acoustic logic gates(OR,NOT,and AND)using a phased unit cell composed of a central channel flanked by two arrays of semicircular cavities.By leveraging phase modulation of the unit cells and linear interference of sound,we achieve these logic operations with a uniform threshold of I_(t)=0.25.Remarkably,the measured fractional bandwidths(bandwidth relative to center frequency)reach approximately 111.5%(OR),37.2%(NOT),and 48.5%(AND),demonstrating ultra-broadband functionality.The proposed logic gates combine exceptional bandwidth with structural simplicity,offering significant potential for applications in acoustic computing,information processing,and integrated acoustic systems.展开更多
In multi-modal emotion recognition,excessive reliance on historical context often impedes the detection of emotional shifts,while modality heterogeneity and unimodal noise limit recognition performance.Existing method...In multi-modal emotion recognition,excessive reliance on historical context often impedes the detection of emotional shifts,while modality heterogeneity and unimodal noise limit recognition performance.Existing methods struggle to dynamically adjust cross-modal complementary strength to optimize fusion quality and lack effective mechanisms to model the dynamic evolution of emotions.To address these issues,we propose a multi-level dynamic gating and emotion transfer framework for multi-modal emotion recognition.A dynamic gating mechanism is applied across unimodal encoding,cross-modal alignment,and emotion transfer modeling,substantially improving noise robustness and feature alignment.First,we construct a unimodal encoder based on gated recurrent units and feature-selection gating to suppress intra-modal noise and enhance contextual representation.Second,we design a gated-attention crossmodal encoder that dynamically calibrates the complementary contributions of visual and audio modalities to the dominant textual features and eliminates redundant information.Finally,we introduce a gated enhanced emotion transfer module that explicitly models the temporal dependence of emotional evolution in dialogues via transfer gating and optimizes continuity modeling with a comparative learning loss.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art models on the public MELD and IEMOCAP datasets.展开更多
Dear Editor,The Cay2.1 channel,also known as the P/Q-type Ca^(2+) channel,is a particular type of voltage-gated Ca^(2+) channel primarily expressed on the presynaptic membrane in the brain[1].It serves as an essential...Dear Editor,The Cay2.1 channel,also known as the P/Q-type Ca^(2+) channel,is a particular type of voltage-gated Ca^(2+) channel primarily expressed on the presynaptic membrane in the brain[1].It serves as an essential part of the precisely orchestrated neurotransmitter release machinery.展开更多
Automation and intelligence have become the primary trends in the design of investment casting processes.However,the design of gating and riser systems still lacks precise quantitative evaluation criteria.Numerical si...Automation and intelligence have become the primary trends in the design of investment casting processes.However,the design of gating and riser systems still lacks precise quantitative evaluation criteria.Numerical simulation plays a significant role in quantitatively evaluating current processes and making targeted improvements,but its limitations lie in the inability to dynamically reflect the formation outcomes of castings under varying process conditions,making real-time adjustments to gating and riser designs challenging.In this study,an automated design model for gating and riser systems based on integrated parametric 3D modeling-simulation framework is proposed,which enhances the flexibility and usability of evaluating the casting process by simulation.Firstly,geometric feature extraction technology is employed to obtain the geometric information of the target casting.Based on this information,an automated design framework for gating and riser systems is established,incorporating multiple structural parameters for real-time process control.Subsequently,the simulation results for various structural parameters are analyzed,and the influence of these parameters on casting formation is thoroughly investigated.Finally,the optimal design scheme is generated and validated through experimental verification.Simulation analysis and experimental results show that using a larger gate neck(24 mm in side length) and external risers promotes a more uniform temperature distribution and a more stable flow state,effectively eliminating shrinkage cavities and enhancing process yield by 15%.展开更多
Automatic segmentation of landslides from remote sensing imagery is challenging because traditional machine learning and early CNN-based models often fail to generalize across heterogeneous landscapes,where segmentati...Automatic segmentation of landslides from remote sensing imagery is challenging because traditional machine learning and early CNN-based models often fail to generalize across heterogeneous landscapes,where segmentation maps contain sparse and fragmented landslide regions under diverse geographical conditions.To address these issues,we propose a lightweight dual-stream siamese deep learning framework that integrates optical and topographical data fusion with an adaptive decoder,guided multimodal fusion,and deep supervision.The framework is built upon the synergistic combination of cross-attention,gated fusion,and sub-pixel upsampling within a unified dual-stream architecture specifically optimized for landslide segmentation,enabling efficient context modeling and robust feature exchange between modalities.The decoder captures long-range context at deeper levels using lightweight cross-attention and refines spatial details at shallower levels through attention-gated skip fusion,enabling precise boundary delineation and fewer false positives.The gated fusion further enhances multimodal integration of optical and topographical cues,and the deep supervision stabilizes training and improves generalization.Moreover,to mitigate checkerboard artifacts,a learnable sub-pixel upsampling is devised to replace the traditional transposed convolution.Despite its compact design with fewer parameters,the model consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines.Experiments on two benchmark datasets,Landslide4Sense and Bijie,confirm the effectiveness of the framework.On the Bijie dataset,it achieves an F1-score of 0.9110 and an intersection over union(IoU)of 0.8839.These results highlight its potential for accurate large-scale landslide inventory mapping and real-time disaster response.The implementation is publicly available at https://github.com/mishaown/DiGATe-UNet-LandSlide-Segmentation(accessed on 3 November 2025).展开更多
Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels(CNGs)are distributed most widely in the neuronal cell.Great progress has been made in molecular mechanisms of CNG channel gating in the recent years.Results of many experiments hav...Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels(CNGs)are distributed most widely in the neuronal cell.Great progress has been made in molecular mechanisms of CNG channel gating in the recent years.Results of many experiments have indicated that the stoichiometry and assembly of CNG channels affect their property and gating.Experiments of CNG mutants and analyses of cys-teine accessibilities show that cyclic nucleotide-binding domains(CNBD)bind cyclic nucleotides and subsequently conformational changes occurred followed by the concerted or cooperative conformational change of all four subunits during CNG gating.In order to provide theoretical assistances for further investigation on CNG channels,especially regarding the disease pathogenesis of ion channels,this paper reviews the latest progress on mechanisms of CNG channels,functions of subunits,processes of subunit assembly,and conformational changes of subunit regions during gating.展开更多
The design of casting gating system directly determines the solidification sequence,defect severity,and overall quality of the casting.A novel machine learning strategy was developed to design the counter pressure cas...The design of casting gating system directly determines the solidification sequence,defect severity,and overall quality of the casting.A novel machine learning strategy was developed to design the counter pressure casting gating system of a large thin-walled cabin casting.A high-quality dataset was established through orthogonal experiments combined with design criteria for the gating system.Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to select high-quality features.The gating system dimensions were predicted using a gated recurrent unit(GRU)recurrent neural network and an elastic network model.Using EasyCast and ProCAST casting software,a comparative analysis of the flow field,temperature field,and solidification field can be conducted to demonstrate the achievement of steady filling and top-down sequential solidification.Compared to the empirical formula method,this method eliminates trial-and-error iterations,reduces porosity,reduces casting defect volume from 11.23 cubic centimeters to 2.23 cubic centimeters,eliminates internal casting defects through the incorporation of an internally cooled iron,fulfilling the goal of intelligent gating system design.展开更多
A 4H-SiC superjunction(SJ)MOSFET(SJMOS)with integrated high-K gate dielectric and split gate(HKSG-SJMOS)is proposed in this paper.The key features of HKSG-SJMOS involve the utilization of high-K(HK)dielectric as the g...A 4H-SiC superjunction(SJ)MOSFET(SJMOS)with integrated high-K gate dielectric and split gate(HKSG-SJMOS)is proposed in this paper.The key features of HKSG-SJMOS involve the utilization of high-K(HK)dielectric as the gate dielectric,which surrounds the source-connected split gate(SG)and metal gate.The high-K gate dielectric optimizes the electric field distribution within the drift region,creating a low-resistance conductive channel.This enhancement leads to an increase in the breakdown voltage(BV)and a reduction in the specific on resistance(R_(on,sp)).The introduction of split gate surrounded by high-K dielectric reduces the gate-drain capacitance(C_(gd))and gate-drain charge(Q_(gd)),which improves the switching characteristics.The simulation results indicate that compared to conventional 4H-SiC SJMOS,the HKSG-SJMOS exhibits a 110.5%enhancement in figure of merit(FOM,FOM=BV^(2)/R_(on,sp)),a 93.6%reduction in the high frequency figure of merit(HFFOM)of R_(on,sp)·C_(gd),and reductions in turn-on loss(E_(on))and turn-off loss(E_(off))by 38.3%and 31.6%,respectively.Furthermore,the reverse recovery characteristics of HKSG-SJMOS has also discussed,revealing superior performance compared to conventional 4H-SiC SJMOS.展开更多
Nowadays,force sensors play an important role in industrial production,electronic information,medical health,and many other fields.Two-dimensional material-based filed effect transistor(2D-FET)sensors are competitive ...Nowadays,force sensors play an important role in industrial production,electronic information,medical health,and many other fields.Two-dimensional material-based filed effect transistor(2D-FET)sensors are competitive with nano-level size,lower power consumption,and accurate response.However,few of them has the capability of impulse detection which is a path function,expressing the cumulative effect of the force on the particle over a period of time.Herein we fabricated the flexible polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)gate dielectric MoS_(2)-FET for force and impulse sensor application.We systematically investigated the responses of the sensor to constant force and varying forces,and achieved the conversion factors of the drain current signals(I_(ds))to the detected impulse(I).The applied force was detected and recorded by I_(ds)with a low power consumption of~30 nW.The sensitivity of the device can reach~8000%and the 4×1 sensor array is able to detect and locate the normal force applied on it.Moreover,there was almost no performance loss for the device as left in the air for two months.展开更多
In discrete-variable quantum computation,non-Clifford T-gates play a pivotal role in achieving genuine quantum advantage.However,in the literature,T-gates are only defined for prime dimensional systems,and the absence...In discrete-variable quantum computation,non-Clifford T-gates play a pivotal role in achieving genuine quantum advantage.However,in the literature,T-gates are only defined for prime dimensional systems,and the absence of their high-dimensional counterparts in non-prime dimensional systems raises the issue of how to introduce certain T-gates in such systems.In continuous-variable quantum computation,universality is achieved through a combination of Gaussian gates and some non-Gaussian gates,such as the widely used cubic phase gates.In this work,we establish some connections between discrete-variable(Clifford/non-Clifford)gates and continuous-variable(Gaussian/non-Gaussian)gates via the powerful GKP(Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill)encoding,which maps qudits to oscillators and serves as a bridge between discrete and continuous realms.By exploiting the analogies between the Clifford hierarchy and the Gaussian hierarchy,we derive(discrete-variable)T-gates in arbitrary(not necessarily prime)dimensional systems from well established(continuous-variable)cubic phase gates.We reveal some basic properties of the unified T-gates,and make a comparative study of various T-gates.As an application,we employ the T-gates to construct equidistributed n-angular frames and certain MUBs(mutually unbiased bases).展开更多
Geometric phase gates have attracted considerable attention due to their intrinsic robustness against certain types of noise.Significant progress has been achieved in implementing geometric phase gates using microwave...Geometric phase gates have attracted considerable attention due to their intrinsic robustness against certain types of noise.Significant progress has been achieved in implementing geometric phase gates using microwave control in siliconbased electron spin systems.In this work,we propose an alternative geometric phase gate protocol that differs fundamentally from microwave driving approaches by leveraging square-wave control of rapidly switchable micromagnets driven by spin-orbit torque(SOT)to achieve fast and precise magnetic field modulation.By employing square-wave currents to control magnetization switching,our approach relaxes the requirements on waveform precision while significantly suppressing crosstalk.Moreover,our scheme inherently preserves trajectory closure at the end of each operation,effectively mitigating noise-induced path deviation and enhancing gate robustness even under strong noise conditions,thereby offering a promising pathway toward efficient and reliable quantum operations in large-scale qubit arrays.展开更多
This work proposes and fabricates the 4H-SiC power MOSFET with top oxide and double P-well(TODP-MOSFET)to enhance the single-event radiation tolerance of the gate oxide.Simulation results suggest that the proposed TOD...This work proposes and fabricates the 4H-SiC power MOSFET with top oxide and double P-well(TODP-MOSFET)to enhance the single-event radiation tolerance of the gate oxide.Simulation results suggest that the proposed TODP structure reduces the peak electric field within the oxide and minimizes the sensitive region by more than 70%compared to C-MOSFETs.Experimental results show that the gate degradation voltage of the TODP-MOSFET is higher than that of the C-MOSFET,and the gate leakage current is reduced by 95%compared to the C-MOSFET under heavy-ion irradiation with a linear energy transfer(LET)value exceeding 75 MeV·cm^(2)/mg.展开更多
The Informer model leverages its innovative ProbSparse self-attention mechanism to demonstrate significant performance advantages in long-sequence time-series forecasting tasks.However,when confronted with time-series...The Informer model leverages its innovative ProbSparse self-attention mechanism to demonstrate significant performance advantages in long-sequence time-series forecasting tasks.However,when confronted with time-series data exhibiting multi-scale characteristics and substantial noise,the model’s attention mechanism reveals inherent limitations.Specifically,the model is susceptible to interference from local noise or irrelevant patterns,leading to diminished focus on globally critical information and consequently impairing forecasting accuracy.To address this challenge,this study proposes an enhanced architecture that integrates a Gated Attention mechanism into the original Informer framework.This mechanism employs learnable gating functions to dynamically and selectively impose differentiated weighting on crucial temporal segments and discriminative feature dimensions within the input sequence.This adaptive weighting strategy is designed to effectively suppress noise interference while amplifying the capture of core dynamic patterns.Consequently,it substantially strengthens the model’s capability to represent complex temporal dynamics and ultimately elevates its predictive performance.展开更多
As a typical in-memory computing hardware design, nonvolatile ternary content-addressable memories(TCAMs) enable the logic operation and data storage for high throughout in parallel big data processing. However,TCAM c...As a typical in-memory computing hardware design, nonvolatile ternary content-addressable memories(TCAMs) enable the logic operation and data storage for high throughout in parallel big data processing. However,TCAM cells based on conventional silicon-based devices suffer from structural complexity and large footprintlimitations. Here, we demonstrate an ultrafast nonvolatile TCAM cell based on the MoTe2/hBN/multilayergraphene (MLG) van der Waals heterostructure using a top-gated partial floating-gate field-effect transistor(PFGFET) architecture. Based on its ambipolar transport properties, the carrier type in the source/drain andcentral channel regions of the MoTe2 channel can be efficiently tuned by the control gate and top gate, respectively,enabling the reconfigurable operation of the device in either memory or FET mode. When working inthe memory mode, it achieves an ultrafast 60 ns programming/erase speed with a current on-off ratio of ∼105,excellent retention capability, and robust endurance. When serving as a reconfigurable transistor, unipolar p-typeand n-type FETs are obtained by adopting ultrafast 60 ns control-gate voltage pulses with different polarities.The monolithic integration of memory and logic within a single device enables the content-addressable memory(CAM) functionality. Finally, by integrating two PFGFETs in parallel, a TCAM cell with a high current ratioof ∼10^(5) between the match and mismatch states is achieved without requiring additional peripheral circuitry.These results provide a promising route for the design of high-performance TCAM devices for future in-memorycomputing applications.展开更多
We present a robust quantum optimal control framework for implementing fast entangling gates on ion-trap quantum processors.The framework leverages tailored laser pulses to drive the multiple vibrational sidebands of ...We present a robust quantum optimal control framework for implementing fast entangling gates on ion-trap quantum processors.The framework leverages tailored laser pulses to drive the multiple vibrational sidebands of the ions to create phonon-mediated entangling gates and,unlike the state of the art,requires neither weakcoupling Lamb-Dicke approximation nor perturbation treatment.With the application of gradient-based optimal control,it enables finding amplitude-and phase-modulated laser control protocols that work without the Lamb-Dicke approximation,promising gate speeds on the order of microseconds comparable to the characteristic trap frequencies.Also,robustness requirements on the temperature of the ions and initial optical phase can be conveniently included to pursue high-quality fast gates against experimental imperfections.Our approach represents a step in speeding up quantum gates to achieve larger quantum circuits for quantum computation and simulation,and thus can find applications in near-future experiments.展开更多
High-quality entangling gates are crucial for scalable quantum information processing.Implementing all-microwave two-qubit gates on fixed-frequency transmons offers advantages in reducing wiring complexity,but the gat...High-quality entangling gates are crucial for scalable quantum information processing.Implementing all-microwave two-qubit gates on fixed-frequency transmons offers advantages in reducing wiring complexity,but the gate performance is often limited due to the residual ZZ interaction and the frequency crowding problem.Here,we introduce a novel scheme that enables a microwave drive-activated CZ gate compatible with the coupler structure to suppress the residual ZZ interaction.The microwave drive is applied to the coupler and the microwave drive frequency remains far detuned from the system’s transition frequency to alleviate the frequency crowding problem.We model the gate process analytically and demonstrate a theoretical gate fidelity up to 99.9%numerically.Our scheme is compatible with current coupler-structure-based circuits,and insensitive to microwave crosstalk,showing a possible path for all-microwave quantum operations at scale.展开更多
The rise in gas leakage incidents underscores the urgent need for advanced gas-sensing platforms with ultra-low concentration detection capability.Sensing gate field effect transistor(FET)gas sensors,renowned for the ...The rise in gas leakage incidents underscores the urgent need for advanced gas-sensing platforms with ultra-low concentration detection capability.Sensing gate field effect transistor(FET)gas sensors,renowned for the gas-induced signal amplification without directly exposing the channel to the ambient environment,play a pivotal role in detecting trace-level hazardous gases with high sensitivity and good stability.In this work,carbon nanotubes are employed as the conducting channel,and yttrium oxide(Y_(2)O_(3))is utilized as the gate dielectric layer.Noble metal Pd is incorporated as a sensing gate for hydrogen(H_(2))detection,leveraging its catalytic properties and unique adsorption capability.The fabricated carbon-based FET gas sensor demonstrates a remarkable detection limit of 20×10^(–9) for H_(2) under an air environment,enabling early warning in case of gas leakage.Moreover,the as-prepared sensor exhibited good selectivity,repeatability,and anti-humidity properties.Further experiments elucidate the interaction between H_(2) and sensing electrode under an air/nitrogen environment,providing insights into the underlying oxygen-assisted recoverable sensing mechanism.It is our aspiration for this research to establish a robust experimental foundation for achieving high performance and highly integrated fabrication of trace gas sensors.展开更多
For the quantum error correction and noisy intermediate-scale quantum algorithms to function with high efficiency,the raw fidelity of quantum logic gates on physical qubits needs to satisfy strict requirements.The neu...For the quantum error correction and noisy intermediate-scale quantum algorithms to function with high efficiency,the raw fidelity of quantum logic gates on physical qubits needs to satisfy strict requirements.The neutral atom quantum computing equipped with Rydberg blockade gates has made impressive progress recently,which makes it worthwhile to explore its potential in the two-qubit entangling gates,including the controlledphase gate,and in particular,the CZ gate.Provided the quantum coherence is well preserved,improving the fidelity of Rydberg blockade gates calls for special mechanisms to deal with adverse effects caused by realistic experimental conditions.Here,the heralded very-high-fidelity Rydberg blockade controlled-phase gate is designed to address these issues,which contains self-correction and projection as the key steps.This trailblazing method builds upon the previously established buffer-atom-mediated gate framework,with a special form of symmetry under parity–time transformation playing a crucial role in the process.We further analyze the performance with respect to a few typical sources of imperfections.This procedure can also be regarded as quantum hardware error correction or mitigation.While this paper by itself does not cover every single subtle issue and still contains many oversimplifications,we find it reasonable to anticipate a very-high-fidelity two-qubit quantum logic gate operated in the sense of heralded but probabilistic,whose gate error can be reduced to the level of 10^(-4)–10^(-6)or even lower with reasonably high possibilities.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China (No.2025A1515011654)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22090053)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for National Universities,China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)support from the program of China Scholarships Council (No.202406410155)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST-Doctoral Student Special Plansupport from the S&T Special Program of Huzhou (No.2024GZ07)。
文摘Field-effect nanofluidic transistors(FENTs),biomimicking the structure and functionality of neuron,act as biological transistors with the ability to gate switching responses to external stimuli.The switching ratio has been verified to evaluate the performance of FENTs,but until recently,the response time,another crucial indicator,has been ignored.Employing finite-element method,we investigated the relationship among gate charge,switching ratio and response time by divisionally manipulating gate charge,including entrance surface and the surface of confinement space,for ion transport to optimize switching capability.The dual-split gate charge on FENTs exhibits synergistic effect on switching response.Based on the two regional gate charge on FENTs,multivalence ions in lower concentration,high aspect ratio and single channel show higher switching ratio but longer response time compared to monovalent ions.The findings highlight the necessity of balancing these two signals in FENTs and offer insights for optimizing their design and expanding applications to dual-signal-detection iontronics.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12174159)。
文摘In recent years,acoustic logic gates has attracted growing interest in acoustics due to their promising applications in acoustic communication and signal processing.For practical implementation,these logic gates must operate over a certain bandwidth to ensure reliable performance.However,current experimental realizations have predominantly been confined to single-frequency or narrowband operation,leaving their broadband capabilities largely unverified.To address this gap,we present both numerical and experimental demonstrations of three basic acoustic logic gates(OR,NOT,and AND)using a phased unit cell composed of a central channel flanked by two arrays of semicircular cavities.By leveraging phase modulation of the unit cells and linear interference of sound,we achieve these logic operations with a uniform threshold of I_(t)=0.25.Remarkably,the measured fractional bandwidths(bandwidth relative to center frequency)reach approximately 111.5%(OR),37.2%(NOT),and 48.5%(AND),demonstrating ultra-broadband functionality.The proposed logic gates combine exceptional bandwidth with structural simplicity,offering significant potential for applications in acoustic computing,information processing,and integrated acoustic systems.
基金funded by“the Fanying Special Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 62341307”“the Scientific research project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education,grant number GJJ200839”“theDoctoral startup fund of JiangxiUniversity of Technology,grant number 205200100402”.
文摘In multi-modal emotion recognition,excessive reliance on historical context often impedes the detection of emotional shifts,while modality heterogeneity and unimodal noise limit recognition performance.Existing methods struggle to dynamically adjust cross-modal complementary strength to optimize fusion quality and lack effective mechanisms to model the dynamic evolution of emotions.To address these issues,we propose a multi-level dynamic gating and emotion transfer framework for multi-modal emotion recognition.A dynamic gating mechanism is applied across unimodal encoding,cross-modal alignment,and emotion transfer modeling,substantially improving noise robustness and feature alignment.First,we construct a unimodal encoder based on gated recurrent units and feature-selection gating to suppress intra-modal noise and enhance contextual representation.Second,we design a gated-attention crossmodal encoder that dynamically calibrates the complementary contributions of visual and audio modalities to the dominant textual features and eliminates redundant information.Finally,we introduce a gated enhanced emotion transfer module that explicitly models the temporal dependence of emotional evolution in dialogues via transfer gating and optimizes continuity modeling with a comparative learning loss.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art models on the public MELD and IEMOCAP datasets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100773 and U20A6005)the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Project of China(2021ZD0202500)+4 种基金Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(B2402024)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M693296)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20230807093815032)Guangdong High-level Hospital Construction Fund(ynkt2021-zz33 and LCYJ2022093)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2022A1515010297).
文摘Dear Editor,The Cay2.1 channel,also known as the P/Q-type Ca^(2+) channel,is a particular type of voltage-gated Ca^(2+) channel primarily expressed on the presynaptic membrane in the brain[1].It serves as an essential part of the precisely orchestrated neurotransmitter release machinery.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB3706802)。
文摘Automation and intelligence have become the primary trends in the design of investment casting processes.However,the design of gating and riser systems still lacks precise quantitative evaluation criteria.Numerical simulation plays a significant role in quantitatively evaluating current processes and making targeted improvements,but its limitations lie in the inability to dynamically reflect the formation outcomes of castings under varying process conditions,making real-time adjustments to gating and riser designs challenging.In this study,an automated design model for gating and riser systems based on integrated parametric 3D modeling-simulation framework is proposed,which enhances the flexibility and usability of evaluating the casting process by simulation.Firstly,geometric feature extraction technology is employed to obtain the geometric information of the target casting.Based on this information,an automated design framework for gating and riser systems is established,incorporating multiple structural parameters for real-time process control.Subsequently,the simulation results for various structural parameters are analyzed,and the influence of these parameters on casting formation is thoroughly investigated.Finally,the optimal design scheme is generated and validated through experimental verification.Simulation analysis and experimental results show that using a larger gate neck(24 mm in side length) and external risers promotes a more uniform temperature distribution and a more stable flow state,effectively eliminating shrinkage cavities and enhancing process yield by 15%.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 62262045the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,grant number 2023CDJYGRH-YB11the Open Funding of SUGON Industrial Control and Security Center,grant number CUIT-SICSC-2025-03.
文摘Automatic segmentation of landslides from remote sensing imagery is challenging because traditional machine learning and early CNN-based models often fail to generalize across heterogeneous landscapes,where segmentation maps contain sparse and fragmented landslide regions under diverse geographical conditions.To address these issues,we propose a lightweight dual-stream siamese deep learning framework that integrates optical and topographical data fusion with an adaptive decoder,guided multimodal fusion,and deep supervision.The framework is built upon the synergistic combination of cross-attention,gated fusion,and sub-pixel upsampling within a unified dual-stream architecture specifically optimized for landslide segmentation,enabling efficient context modeling and robust feature exchange between modalities.The decoder captures long-range context at deeper levels using lightweight cross-attention and refines spatial details at shallower levels through attention-gated skip fusion,enabling precise boundary delineation and fewer false positives.The gated fusion further enhances multimodal integration of optical and topographical cues,and the deep supervision stabilizes training and improves generalization.Moreover,to mitigate checkerboard artifacts,a learnable sub-pixel upsampling is devised to replace the traditional transposed convolution.Despite its compact design with fewer parameters,the model consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines.Experiments on two benchmark datasets,Landslide4Sense and Bijie,confirm the effectiveness of the framework.On the Bijie dataset,it achieves an F1-score of 0.9110 and an intersection over union(IoU)of 0.8839.These results highlight its potential for accurate large-scale landslide inventory mapping and real-time disaster response.The implementation is publicly available at https://github.com/mishaown/DiGATe-UNet-LandSlide-Segmentation(accessed on 3 November 2025).
基金supported by the Provincial Key Projects for Scientifical and Technological Research of Zhejiang Province(No.2006C12058)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30571335)and a Grant-in-Aid for Innovative Training of Doctoral Students in JIangsu Province,China.
文摘Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels(CNGs)are distributed most widely in the neuronal cell.Great progress has been made in molecular mechanisms of CNG channel gating in the recent years.Results of many experiments have indicated that the stoichiometry and assembly of CNG channels affect their property and gating.Experiments of CNG mutants and analyses of cys-teine accessibilities show that cyclic nucleotide-binding domains(CNBD)bind cyclic nucleotides and subsequently conformational changes occurred followed by the concerted or cooperative conformational change of all four subunits during CNG gating.In order to provide theoretical assistances for further investigation on CNG channels,especially regarding the disease pathogenesis of ion channels,this paper reviews the latest progress on mechanisms of CNG channels,functions of subunits,processes of subunit assembly,and conformational changes of subunit regions during gating.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52074246,52275390,52375394)the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China(No.JCKY2020408B002)the Key R&D Program of Shanxi Province(No.202102050201011).
文摘The design of casting gating system directly determines the solidification sequence,defect severity,and overall quality of the casting.A novel machine learning strategy was developed to design the counter pressure casting gating system of a large thin-walled cabin casting.A high-quality dataset was established through orthogonal experiments combined with design criteria for the gating system.Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to select high-quality features.The gating system dimensions were predicted using a gated recurrent unit(GRU)recurrent neural network and an elastic network model.Using EasyCast and ProCAST casting software,a comparative analysis of the flow field,temperature field,and solidification field can be conducted to demonstrate the achievement of steady filling and top-down sequential solidification.Compared to the empirical formula method,this method eliminates trial-and-error iterations,reduces porosity,reduces casting defect volume from 11.23 cubic centimeters to 2.23 cubic centimeters,eliminates internal casting defects through the incorporation of an internally cooled iron,fulfilling the goal of intelligent gating system design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62074080 and U23B2042)in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20211104)in part by the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.BE2022126)。
文摘A 4H-SiC superjunction(SJ)MOSFET(SJMOS)with integrated high-K gate dielectric and split gate(HKSG-SJMOS)is proposed in this paper.The key features of HKSG-SJMOS involve the utilization of high-K(HK)dielectric as the gate dielectric,which surrounds the source-connected split gate(SG)and metal gate.The high-K gate dielectric optimizes the electric field distribution within the drift region,creating a low-resistance conductive channel.This enhancement leads to an increase in the breakdown voltage(BV)and a reduction in the specific on resistance(R_(on,sp)).The introduction of split gate surrounded by high-K dielectric reduces the gate-drain capacitance(C_(gd))and gate-drain charge(Q_(gd)),which improves the switching characteristics.The simulation results indicate that compared to conventional 4H-SiC SJMOS,the HKSG-SJMOS exhibits a 110.5%enhancement in figure of merit(FOM,FOM=BV^(2)/R_(on,sp)),a 93.6%reduction in the high frequency figure of merit(HFFOM)of R_(on,sp)·C_(gd),and reductions in turn-on loss(E_(on))and turn-off loss(E_(off))by 38.3%and 31.6%,respectively.Furthermore,the reverse recovery characteristics of HKSG-SJMOS has also discussed,revealing superior performance compared to conventional 4H-SiC SJMOS.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272160,U2330112,and 52002254)Sichuan Science and Technology Foundation(Nos.2020YJ0262,2021YFH0127,2022YFH0083,2022YFSY0045,and 2023YFSY0002)+1 种基金the Chunhui Plan of Ministry of Education,Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.YJ201893)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Lidar and Device,Sichuan Province,China(No.LLD2023-006)。
文摘Nowadays,force sensors play an important role in industrial production,electronic information,medical health,and many other fields.Two-dimensional material-based filed effect transistor(2D-FET)sensors are competitive with nano-level size,lower power consumption,and accurate response.However,few of them has the capability of impulse detection which is a path function,expressing the cumulative effect of the force on the particle over a period of time.Herein we fabricated the flexible polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)gate dielectric MoS_(2)-FET for force and impulse sensor application.We systematically investigated the responses of the sensor to constant force and varying forces,and achieved the conversion factors of the drain current signals(I_(ds))to the detected impulse(I).The applied force was detected and recorded by I_(ds)with a low power consumption of~30 nW.The sensitivity of the device can reach~8000%and the 4×1 sensor array is able to detect and locate the normal force applied on it.Moreover,there was almost no performance loss for the device as left in the air for two months.
基金supported the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant Nos.12341103 and 12426671by the National Key R&D Program of China,Grant No.2020YFA0712700.
文摘In discrete-variable quantum computation,non-Clifford T-gates play a pivotal role in achieving genuine quantum advantage.However,in the literature,T-gates are only defined for prime dimensional systems,and the absence of their high-dimensional counterparts in non-prime dimensional systems raises the issue of how to introduce certain T-gates in such systems.In continuous-variable quantum computation,universality is achieved through a combination of Gaussian gates and some non-Gaussian gates,such as the widely used cubic phase gates.In this work,we establish some connections between discrete-variable(Clifford/non-Clifford)gates and continuous-variable(Gaussian/non-Gaussian)gates via the powerful GKP(Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill)encoding,which maps qudits to oscillators and serves as a bridge between discrete and continuous realms.By exploiting the analogies between the Clifford hierarchy and the Gaussian hierarchy,we derive(discrete-variable)T-gates in arbitrary(not necessarily prime)dimensional systems from well established(continuous-variable)cubic phase gates.We reveal some basic properties of the unified T-gates,and make a comparative study of various T-gates.As an application,we employ the T-gates to construct equidistributed n-angular frames and certain MUBs(mutually unbiased bases).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12304560,92265113,12074368,and 12034018)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302300)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.BX20220281 and 2023M733408).
文摘Geometric phase gates have attracted considerable attention due to their intrinsic robustness against certain types of noise.Significant progress has been achieved in implementing geometric phase gates using microwave control in siliconbased electron spin systems.In this work,we propose an alternative geometric phase gate protocol that differs fundamentally from microwave driving approaches by leveraging square-wave control of rapidly switchable micromagnets driven by spin-orbit torque(SOT)to achieve fast and precise magnetic field modulation.By employing square-wave currents to control magnetization switching,our approach relaxes the requirements on waveform precision while significantly suppressing crosstalk.Moreover,our scheme inherently preserves trajectory closure at the end of each operation,effectively mitigating noise-induced path deviation and enhancing gate robustness even under strong noise conditions,thereby offering a promising pathway toward efficient and reliable quantum operations in large-scale qubit arrays.
基金supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2341220)the Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center。
文摘This work proposes and fabricates the 4H-SiC power MOSFET with top oxide and double P-well(TODP-MOSFET)to enhance the single-event radiation tolerance of the gate oxide.Simulation results suggest that the proposed TODP structure reduces the peak electric field within the oxide and minimizes the sensitive region by more than 70%compared to C-MOSFETs.Experimental results show that the gate degradation voltage of the TODP-MOSFET is higher than that of the C-MOSFET,and the gate leakage current is reduced by 95%compared to the C-MOSFET under heavy-ion irradiation with a linear energy transfer(LET)value exceeding 75 MeV·cm^(2)/mg.
文摘The Informer model leverages its innovative ProbSparse self-attention mechanism to demonstrate significant performance advantages in long-sequence time-series forecasting tasks.However,when confronted with time-series data exhibiting multi-scale characteristics and substantial noise,the model’s attention mechanism reveals inherent limitations.Specifically,the model is susceptible to interference from local noise or irrelevant patterns,leading to diminished focus on globally critical information and consequently impairing forecasting accuracy.To address this challenge,this study proposes an enhanced architecture that integrates a Gated Attention mechanism into the original Informer framework.This mechanism employs learnable gating functions to dynamically and selectively impose differentiated weighting on crucial temporal segments and discriminative feature dimensions within the input sequence.This adaptive weighting strategy is designed to effectively suppress noise interference while amplifying the capture of core dynamic patterns.Consequently,it substantially strengthens the model’s capability to represent complex temporal dynamics and ultimately elevates its predictive performance.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Projects of China(Grant No.2022YFA1204100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62488201)+1 种基金CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-003)the Innovation Program of Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0302700)。
文摘As a typical in-memory computing hardware design, nonvolatile ternary content-addressable memories(TCAMs) enable the logic operation and data storage for high throughout in parallel big data processing. However,TCAM cells based on conventional silicon-based devices suffer from structural complexity and large footprintlimitations. Here, we demonstrate an ultrafast nonvolatile TCAM cell based on the MoTe2/hBN/multilayergraphene (MLG) van der Waals heterostructure using a top-gated partial floating-gate field-effect transistor(PFGFET) architecture. Based on its ambipolar transport properties, the carrier type in the source/drain andcentral channel regions of the MoTe2 channel can be efficiently tuned by the control gate and top gate, respectively,enabling the reconfigurable operation of the device in either memory or FET mode. When working inthe memory mode, it achieves an ultrafast 60 ns programming/erase speed with a current on-off ratio of ∼105,excellent retention capability, and robust endurance. When serving as a reconfigurable transistor, unipolar p-typeand n-type FETs are obtained by adopting ultrafast 60 ns control-gate voltage pulses with different polarities.The monolithic integration of memory and logic within a single device enables the content-addressable memory(CAM) functionality. Finally, by integrating two PFGFETs in parallel, a TCAM cell with a high current ratioof ∼10^(5) between the match and mismatch states is achieved without requiring additional peripheral circuitry.These results provide a promising route for the design of high-performance TCAM devices for future in-memorycomputing applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12441502,12122506,12204230,and 12404554)the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2024ZD0300404)+6 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2021B1515020070)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.RCYX20200714114522109)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(CPSF)(2024M762114)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20231727)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92165206 and 11974330)Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301603)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘We present a robust quantum optimal control framework for implementing fast entangling gates on ion-trap quantum processors.The framework leverages tailored laser pulses to drive the multiple vibrational sidebands of the ions to create phonon-mediated entangling gates and,unlike the state of the art,requires neither weakcoupling Lamb-Dicke approximation nor perturbation treatment.With the application of gradient-based optimal control,it enables finding amplitude-and phase-modulated laser control protocols that work without the Lamb-Dicke approximation,promising gate speeds on the order of microseconds comparable to the characteristic trap frequencies.Also,robustness requirements on the temperature of the ions and initial optical phase can be conveniently included to pursue high-quality fast gates against experimental imperfections.Our approach represents a step in speeding up quantum gates to achieve larger quantum circuits for quantum computation and simulation,and thus can find applications in near-future experiments.
基金Project supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2020B0303030002)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0670000)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB4404904).
文摘High-quality entangling gates are crucial for scalable quantum information processing.Implementing all-microwave two-qubit gates on fixed-frequency transmons offers advantages in reducing wiring complexity,but the gate performance is often limited due to the residual ZZ interaction and the frequency crowding problem.Here,we introduce a novel scheme that enables a microwave drive-activated CZ gate compatible with the coupler structure to suppress the residual ZZ interaction.The microwave drive is applied to the coupler and the microwave drive frequency remains far detuned from the system’s transition frequency to alleviate the frequency crowding problem.We model the gate process analytically and demonstrate a theoretical gate fidelity up to 99.9%numerically.Our scheme is compatible with current coupler-structure-based circuits,and insensitive to microwave crosstalk,showing a possible path for all-microwave quantum operations at scale.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62071410 and 62101477)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2021JJ40542).
文摘The rise in gas leakage incidents underscores the urgent need for advanced gas-sensing platforms with ultra-low concentration detection capability.Sensing gate field effect transistor(FET)gas sensors,renowned for the gas-induced signal amplification without directly exposing the channel to the ambient environment,play a pivotal role in detecting trace-level hazardous gases with high sensitivity and good stability.In this work,carbon nanotubes are employed as the conducting channel,and yttrium oxide(Y_(2)O_(3))is utilized as the gate dielectric layer.Noble metal Pd is incorporated as a sensing gate for hydrogen(H_(2))detection,leveraging its catalytic properties and unique adsorption capability.The fabricated carbon-based FET gas sensor demonstrates a remarkable detection limit of 20×10^(–9) for H_(2) under an air environment,enabling early warning in case of gas leakage.Moreover,the as-prepared sensor exhibited good selectivity,repeatability,and anti-humidity properties.Further experiments elucidate the interaction between H_(2) and sensing electrode under an air/nitrogen environment,providing insights into the underlying oxygen-assisted recoverable sensing mechanism.It is our aspiration for this research to establish a robust experimental foundation for achieving high performance and highly integrated fabrication of trace gas sensors.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.24DP2600202)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFB4504002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92165107)。
文摘For the quantum error correction and noisy intermediate-scale quantum algorithms to function with high efficiency,the raw fidelity of quantum logic gates on physical qubits needs to satisfy strict requirements.The neutral atom quantum computing equipped with Rydberg blockade gates has made impressive progress recently,which makes it worthwhile to explore its potential in the two-qubit entangling gates,including the controlledphase gate,and in particular,the CZ gate.Provided the quantum coherence is well preserved,improving the fidelity of Rydberg blockade gates calls for special mechanisms to deal with adverse effects caused by realistic experimental conditions.Here,the heralded very-high-fidelity Rydberg blockade controlled-phase gate is designed to address these issues,which contains self-correction and projection as the key steps.This trailblazing method builds upon the previously established buffer-atom-mediated gate framework,with a special form of symmetry under parity–time transformation playing a crucial role in the process.We further analyze the performance with respect to a few typical sources of imperfections.This procedure can also be regarded as quantum hardware error correction or mitigation.While this paper by itself does not cover every single subtle issue and still contains many oversimplifications,we find it reasonable to anticipate a very-high-fidelity two-qubit quantum logic gate operated in the sense of heralded but probabilistic,whose gate error can be reduced to the level of 10^(-4)–10^(-6)or even lower with reasonably high possibilities.
