Battery safety has emerged as a critical challenge for achieving carbon neutrality,driven by the increasing frequency of thermal runaway incidents in electric vehicles(EVs)and stationary energy storage systems(ESSs).C...Battery safety has emerged as a critical challenge for achieving carbon neutrality,driven by the increasing frequency of thermal runaway incidents in electric vehicles(EVs)and stationary energy storage systems(ESSs).Conventional battery monitoring technologies struggle to track multiple physicochemical parameters in real time,hindering early hazard detection.Embedded optical fiber sensors have gained prominence as a transformative solution for next-generation smart battery sensing,owing to their micrometer size,multiplexing capability,and electromagnetic immunity.However,comprehensive reviews focusing on their advancements in operando multi-parameter monitoring remain scarce,despite their critical importance for ensuring battery safety.To address this gap,this review first introduces a classification and the fundamental principles of advanced battery-oriented optical fiber sensors.Subsequently,it summarizes recent developments in single-parameter battery monitoring using optical fiber sensors.Building on this foundation,this review presents the first comprehensive analysis of multifunctional optical fiber sensing platforms capable of simultaneously tracking temperature,strain,pressure,refractive index,and monitoring battery aging.Targeted strategies are proposed to facilitate the practical development of this technology,including optimization of sensor integration techniques,minimizing sensor invasiveness,resolving the cross-sensitivity of fiber Bragg grating(FBG)through structural innovation,enhancing techno-economics,and combining with artificial intelligence(AI).By aligning academic research with industry requirements,this review provides a methodological roadmap for developing robust optical sensing systems to ensure battery safety in decarbonization-driven applications.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong> Explore the rule of autonomic nervous dysfunction in the patients with urination disorder after high level spinal cord injury, and seek a safe, objective and accurate method to ...<strong>Objective:</strong> Explore the rule of autonomic nervous dysfunction in the patients with urination disorder after high level spinal cord injury, and seek a safe, objective and accurate method to evaluate autonomic nervous function. <strong>Patients and Method:</strong> 48 patients with dysuria after cervicothoracic SCI were selected. Before, during and after imaging urodynamic examination with slow filling in supine position, blood pressure and ECG were monitored simultaneously. The symptoms of sweating, shivering, headache, flushing and chills were observed and recorded. The study of the relationship among the changes of blood pressure, heart rate and urodynamic indexes and the above symptoms was analyzed. <strong>Results:</strong> They were divided into three groups: group A (no obvious abnormality), group B (hyperactivity) and group C (hypoactivity) according to their BP, HR and existing the symptoms or not. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The incidence of autonomic dysfunction in the high level SCI patients with dysuria was very high (79.17%), most of them were hyperactivity, and a few were low function. The changes of SBP and DBP in the hypoactivity group all appeared an increasing and then declining trend, while the change of HR in the low function one was lower than normal and decreased continuously. The main inducements of AD are neurogenic detrusor overactivity, detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, elevated abdominal pressure and abnormal bladder sensitivity. The asymptomatic patients had a higher occurrence rate (43.75%). Only by imaging urodynamic examination with slow filling and synchronous blood pressure monitoring, can autonomic nervous function of the patients be evaluated safely, objectively, early and accurately.展开更多
In order to eliminate the influence of frequency change on real-time voltage acquisition,a low-cost solution of voltage monitoring was proposed using the multi-channel DMA synchronous frequency trace-sampling techniqu...In order to eliminate the influence of frequency change on real-time voltage acquisition,a low-cost solution of voltage monitoring was proposed using the multi-channel DMA synchronous frequency trace-sampling technique.In-chip resources of the designed voltage monitor were fully utilized in hardware design to reduce external devices.The MQX RTOS was used to perform the functional tasks flexibly and efficiently;especially the Ethernet communication applications and USB device connection were realized using its TCP/IP protocol stack and USB driver.In addition,to ensure the safety of electrical records,data statistics and alarm information management were also implemented through the management of the storage in FLASH.The test results show that the voltage monitor designed in this paper has the advantages of accurate measurement,strong resistance to frequency interference and low cost,and can be widely applied in the field of voltage monitoring in distribution networks.展开更多
Under sensorless control, the position estimation error in interior permanent magnet(PM) synchronous machines will lead to parameter identification errors and a rank-deficiency issue. This paper proposes a parameter i...Under sensorless control, the position estimation error in interior permanent magnet(PM) synchronous machines will lead to parameter identification errors and a rank-deficiency issue. This paper proposes a parameter identification model that is independent of position error by combining the dq-axis voltage equations. Then, a novel dual signal alternate injection method is proposed to address the rank-deficiency issue, i.e., during one injection period, a zero, positive, and negative d-axis current injection together with a rotor position offset injection, to simultaneously identify the multi-parameters, including stator resistance, dq-axis inductances, and PM flux linkage. The proposed method is verified by experiments at different dq-axis current conditions.展开更多
High-density permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs) are widely used in electric drive systems. However, they are susceptible to temperature influences under complex operating conditions, and prolonged operation at...High-density permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs) are widely used in electric drive systems. However, they are susceptible to temperature influences under complex operating conditions, and prolonged operation at high temperatures can first damage the stator winding insulation, which in turn will damage the windings themselves and cause faults. Therefore, stator temperature monitoring is of crucial importance. This paper summarizes the existing temperature monitoring technologies for stator windings of permanent magnet motors, compares the advantages and disadvantages of various methods to help researchers understand this technology, and analyzes its opportunities and challenges, followed by an outlook.展开更多
The multi-parameter monitor is an essential instrument in medical rescue. It realizes the dynamic monitoring of human life parameters. In the verification process of the measurement parameters of the multi-parameter m...The multi-parameter monitor is an essential instrument in medical rescue. It realizes the dynamic monitoring of human life parameters. In the verification process of the measurement parameters of the multi-parameter monitor, it aims at the verification of ECG, non-invasive blood pressure and other indicators. This paper discusses the necessity of the metrological verification of the multi-parameter monitor, analyzes the problems and countermeasures in the metrological verification of the multi-parameter monitor.展开更多
Cable-membrane structures have small rigidity and are highly sensitive to wind. Structural health monitoring is necessary to ensure the serviceability and safety of the structure. In this research, the design method o...Cable-membrane structures have small rigidity and are highly sensitive to wind. Structural health monitoring is necessary to ensure the serviceability and safety of the structure. In this research, the design method of a structural health monitoring system is using the characteristics of a cable-membrane structure. Taking the Yueyang Sanhe Airport Terminal as an example, a finite element model is established to determine the critical structural components. Next, the engineering requirements and the framework of the monitoring system are studied based on the results of numerical analysis. The specific implementation of the structural health monitoring is then carried out, which includes sensor selection, installation and wiring. The proposed framework is successfully applied to the monitoring system for the Yueyang Airport terminal building, and the synchronous acquisition of fiber Bragg grating and acceleration sensor signals is implemented in an innovative way. The successful implementation and operation of structural health monitoring will help to guarantee the safety of the cablemembrane structure during its service life.展开更多
Rock bursts have become one of the most severe risks in underground coal mining and its early warning is an important component in the safety management. Microseismic(MS) monitoring is considered potentially as a powe...Rock bursts have become one of the most severe risks in underground coal mining and its early warning is an important component in the safety management. Microseismic(MS) monitoring is considered potentially as a powerful tool for the early warning of rock burst. In this study, an MS multi-parameter index system was established and the critical values of each index were estimated based on the normalized multi-information warning model of coal-rock dynamic failure. This index system includes bursting strain energy(BSE) index, time-space-magnitude independent information(TSMII) indices and timespace-magnitude compound information(TSMCI) indices. On the basis of this multi-parameter index system, a comprehensive analysis was conducted via introducing the R-value scoring method to calculate the weights of each index. To calibrate the multi-parameter index system and the associated comprehensive analysis, the weights of each index were first confirmed using historical MS data occurred in LW402102 of Hujiahe Coal Mine(China) over a period of four months. This calibrated comprehensive analysis of MS multi-parameter index system was then applied to pre-warn the occurrence of a subsequent rock burst incident in LW 402103. The results demonstrate that this multi-parameter index system combined with the comprehensive analysis are capable of quantitatively pre-warning rock burst risk.展开更多
In this paper, based on an adaptive chaos synchronization scheme, two methods of encoding-decoding message for secure communication are proposed. With the first method, message is directly added to the chaotic signal ...In this paper, based on an adaptive chaos synchronization scheme, two methods of encoding-decoding message for secure communication are proposed. With the first method, message is directly added to the chaotic signal with parameter uncertainty. In the second method, multi-parameter modulation is used to simultaneously transmit more than one digital message （i.e., the multichannel digital communication） through just a single signal, which switches among various chaotic attractors that differ only subtly. In theory, such a treatment increases the difficulty for the intruder to directly intercept the information, and meanwhile the implementation cost decreases significantly. In addition, numerical results show the methods are robust against weak noise, which implies their practicability.展开更多
Utilizing shaft-speed information to analyse vibration signals is an important method for fault diagnosis and condition monitoring of rotating machineries,especially for those running at variable speeds.However,in man...Utilizing shaft-speed information to analyse vibration signals is an important method for fault diagnosis and condition monitoring of rotating machineries,especially for those running at variable speeds.However,in many cases,shaft-speed information is not always available,for a variety of reasons.Fortunately,in most of the measurements,the shaft-speed information is embedded in the vibration response in many different forms,such as in the format of the fundamental shaft-rotation-frequency response and its harmonics,and the gear-meshing-frequency response and its harmonics,etc.Proper signal processing can be used to extract the shaft instantaneous speed from the measured vibration responses.In existing instantaneous shaft-speed-identification methods,a narrow-bandpass filtering technique is used explicitly or implicitly.In a complex gearbox system,such as that used in a wind turbine,the gear-meshing-response component could be modulated by many other shaft speeds,due to the configuration of the gearbox or due to the existence of component damage.As a result,it is very difficult to isolate a single vibration-response component for instantaneous shaft-speed detection.In this paper,an innovative approach is presented.The instantaneous shaft speed is extracted based on maxima tracking from the vibration-response spectrogram.A numerical integration scheme is employed to obtain the shaft instantaneous phase.Digital-domain synchronous resampling is then applied to the vibration data by using the instantaneous phase information.Due to the nature of noise suppression in the numerical integration,the accuracy of synchronous sampling is greatly improved.This proposed approach demonstrates the feasibility and engineering applicability through a controlled laboratory test case and two field wind-turbine cases.More detailed results and conclusions of this research are presented at the end of this paper.展开更多
在现代畜牧业中,生猪的呼吸心率是评估其健康状态的关键指标之一。因此,开发一种非接触式、高精度的多目标生命体征监测技术对于推动畜牧业的现代化发展具有重要意义。毫米波雷达技术通过发射线性调频连续波(Linear frequency modulated...在现代畜牧业中,生猪的呼吸心率是评估其健康状态的关键指标之一。因此,开发一种非接触式、高精度的多目标生命体征监测技术对于推动畜牧业的现代化发展具有重要意义。毫米波雷达技术通过发射线性调频连续波(Linear frequency modulated continuous wave,LFMCW),能够实现极高的脉冲压缩比,从而显著提升雷达的距离分辨率和目标检测能力。针对现有方法在多目标呼吸心率同步监测能力上的不足,本文提出一种联合机器视觉与毫米波感知的多生猪目标呼吸心率同步监测方法。通过YOLO v8算法识别图像中的生猪目标,有效去除非生猪目标振动源,为毫米波雷达提供先验条件,进而通过LFMCW的相量均值相消算法和二维傅里叶变换方法进行静态目标去除和多目标回波解耦,提取回波信号后,通过带通滤波、短时傅里叶变换、周期性评估指标等方法提取目标呼吸心跳时频图并计算呼吸心率。为了验证该方法的有效性,在养殖场实际场景下进行多次实验,结果表明,该方法对生猪呼吸频率测量的平均相对误差为4.57%,心跳频率平均相对误差为9.26%,同步监测准确率较高且对环境中非目标振动源信号具有一定抗干扰能力。展开更多
基金the financial supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52372200)a project supported by the State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures(No.MCAS-S-0324G01)。
文摘Battery safety has emerged as a critical challenge for achieving carbon neutrality,driven by the increasing frequency of thermal runaway incidents in electric vehicles(EVs)and stationary energy storage systems(ESSs).Conventional battery monitoring technologies struggle to track multiple physicochemical parameters in real time,hindering early hazard detection.Embedded optical fiber sensors have gained prominence as a transformative solution for next-generation smart battery sensing,owing to their micrometer size,multiplexing capability,and electromagnetic immunity.However,comprehensive reviews focusing on their advancements in operando multi-parameter monitoring remain scarce,despite their critical importance for ensuring battery safety.To address this gap,this review first introduces a classification and the fundamental principles of advanced battery-oriented optical fiber sensors.Subsequently,it summarizes recent developments in single-parameter battery monitoring using optical fiber sensors.Building on this foundation,this review presents the first comprehensive analysis of multifunctional optical fiber sensing platforms capable of simultaneously tracking temperature,strain,pressure,refractive index,and monitoring battery aging.Targeted strategies are proposed to facilitate the practical development of this technology,including optimization of sensor integration techniques,minimizing sensor invasiveness,resolving the cross-sensitivity of fiber Bragg grating(FBG)through structural innovation,enhancing techno-economics,and combining with artificial intelligence(AI).By aligning academic research with industry requirements,this review provides a methodological roadmap for developing robust optical sensing systems to ensure battery safety in decarbonization-driven applications.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> Explore the rule of autonomic nervous dysfunction in the patients with urination disorder after high level spinal cord injury, and seek a safe, objective and accurate method to evaluate autonomic nervous function. <strong>Patients and Method:</strong> 48 patients with dysuria after cervicothoracic SCI were selected. Before, during and after imaging urodynamic examination with slow filling in supine position, blood pressure and ECG were monitored simultaneously. The symptoms of sweating, shivering, headache, flushing and chills were observed and recorded. The study of the relationship among the changes of blood pressure, heart rate and urodynamic indexes and the above symptoms was analyzed. <strong>Results:</strong> They were divided into three groups: group A (no obvious abnormality), group B (hyperactivity) and group C (hypoactivity) according to their BP, HR and existing the symptoms or not. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The incidence of autonomic dysfunction in the high level SCI patients with dysuria was very high (79.17%), most of them were hyperactivity, and a few were low function. The changes of SBP and DBP in the hypoactivity group all appeared an increasing and then declining trend, while the change of HR in the low function one was lower than normal and decreased continuously. The main inducements of AD are neurogenic detrusor overactivity, detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, elevated abdominal pressure and abnormal bladder sensitivity. The asymptomatic patients had a higher occurrence rate (43.75%). Only by imaging urodynamic examination with slow filling and synchronous blood pressure monitoring, can autonomic nervous function of the patients be evaluated safely, objectively, early and accurately.
文摘In order to eliminate the influence of frequency change on real-time voltage acquisition,a low-cost solution of voltage monitoring was proposed using the multi-channel DMA synchronous frequency trace-sampling technique.In-chip resources of the designed voltage monitor were fully utilized in hardware design to reduce external devices.The MQX RTOS was used to perform the functional tasks flexibly and efficiently;especially the Ethernet communication applications and USB device connection were realized using its TCP/IP protocol stack and USB driver.In addition,to ensure the safety of electrical records,data statistics and alarm information management were also implemented through the management of the storage in FLASH.The test results show that the voltage monitor designed in this paper has the advantages of accurate measurement,strong resistance to frequency interference and low cost,and can be widely applied in the field of voltage monitoring in distribution networks.
文摘Under sensorless control, the position estimation error in interior permanent magnet(PM) synchronous machines will lead to parameter identification errors and a rank-deficiency issue. This paper proposes a parameter identification model that is independent of position error by combining the dq-axis voltage equations. Then, a novel dual signal alternate injection method is proposed to address the rank-deficiency issue, i.e., during one injection period, a zero, positive, and negative d-axis current injection together with a rotor position offset injection, to simultaneously identify the multi-parameters, including stator resistance, dq-axis inductances, and PM flux linkage. The proposed method is verified by experiments at different dq-axis current conditions.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFB2500600)。
文摘High-density permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs) are widely used in electric drive systems. However, they are susceptible to temperature influences under complex operating conditions, and prolonged operation at high temperatures can first damage the stator winding insulation, which in turn will damage the windings themselves and cause faults. Therefore, stator temperature monitoring is of crucial importance. This paper summarizes the existing temperature monitoring technologies for stator windings of permanent magnet motors, compares the advantages and disadvantages of various methods to help researchers understand this technology, and analyzes its opportunities and challenges, followed by an outlook.
文摘The multi-parameter monitor is an essential instrument in medical rescue. It realizes the dynamic monitoring of human life parameters. In the verification process of the measurement parameters of the multi-parameter monitor, it aims at the verification of ECG, non-invasive blood pressure and other indicators. This paper discusses the necessity of the metrological verification of the multi-parameter monitor, analyzes the problems and countermeasures in the metrological verification of the multi-parameter monitor.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51708088 and 51625802the Foundation for High Level Talent Innovation Support Program of Dalian under Grant No.2017RD03
文摘Cable-membrane structures have small rigidity and are highly sensitive to wind. Structural health monitoring is necessary to ensure the serviceability and safety of the structure. In this research, the design method of a structural health monitoring system is using the characteristics of a cable-membrane structure. Taking the Yueyang Sanhe Airport Terminal as an example, a finite element model is established to determine the critical structural components. Next, the engineering requirements and the framework of the monitoring system are studied based on the results of numerical analysis. The specific implementation of the structural health monitoring is then carried out, which includes sensor selection, installation and wiring. The proposed framework is successfully applied to the monitoring system for the Yueyang Airport terminal building, and the synchronous acquisition of fiber Bragg grating and acceleration sensor signals is implemented in an innovative way. The successful implementation and operation of structural health monitoring will help to guarantee the safety of the cablemembrane structure during its service life.
基金provided by the State Key Research Development Program of China (No.2016YFC0801403)Key Research Development Program of Jiangsu Provence (No.BE2015040)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51674253,51734009 and 51604270)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20171191)
文摘Rock bursts have become one of the most severe risks in underground coal mining and its early warning is an important component in the safety management. Microseismic(MS) monitoring is considered potentially as a powerful tool for the early warning of rock burst. In this study, an MS multi-parameter index system was established and the critical values of each index were estimated based on the normalized multi-information warning model of coal-rock dynamic failure. This index system includes bursting strain energy(BSE) index, time-space-magnitude independent information(TSMII) indices and timespace-magnitude compound information(TSMCI) indices. On the basis of this multi-parameter index system, a comprehensive analysis was conducted via introducing the R-value scoring method to calculate the weights of each index. To calibrate the multi-parameter index system and the associated comprehensive analysis, the weights of each index were first confirmed using historical MS data occurred in LW402102 of Hujiahe Coal Mine(China) over a period of four months. This calibrated comprehensive analysis of MS multi-parameter index system was then applied to pre-warn the occurrence of a subsequent rock burst incident in LW 402103. The results demonstrate that this multi-parameter index system combined with the comprehensive analysis are capable of quantitatively pre-warning rock burst risk.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 10572080）, Shanghai Rising-Star Program （Grant No.05QMX1422）, and Dawn Project of the Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Education （Grant No.05SG41 04YQHB089）
文摘In this paper, based on an adaptive chaos synchronization scheme, two methods of encoding-decoding message for secure communication are proposed. With the first method, message is directly added to the chaotic signal with parameter uncertainty. In the second method, multi-parameter modulation is used to simultaneously transmit more than one digital message （i.e., the multichannel digital communication） through just a single signal, which switches among various chaotic attractors that differ only subtly. In theory, such a treatment increases the difficulty for the intruder to directly intercept the information, and meanwhile the implementation cost decreases significantly. In addition, numerical results show the methods are robust against weak noise, which implies their practicability.
文摘Utilizing shaft-speed information to analyse vibration signals is an important method for fault diagnosis and condition monitoring of rotating machineries,especially for those running at variable speeds.However,in many cases,shaft-speed information is not always available,for a variety of reasons.Fortunately,in most of the measurements,the shaft-speed information is embedded in the vibration response in many different forms,such as in the format of the fundamental shaft-rotation-frequency response and its harmonics,and the gear-meshing-frequency response and its harmonics,etc.Proper signal processing can be used to extract the shaft instantaneous speed from the measured vibration responses.In existing instantaneous shaft-speed-identification methods,a narrow-bandpass filtering technique is used explicitly or implicitly.In a complex gearbox system,such as that used in a wind turbine,the gear-meshing-response component could be modulated by many other shaft speeds,due to the configuration of the gearbox or due to the existence of component damage.As a result,it is very difficult to isolate a single vibration-response component for instantaneous shaft-speed detection.In this paper,an innovative approach is presented.The instantaneous shaft speed is extracted based on maxima tracking from the vibration-response spectrogram.A numerical integration scheme is employed to obtain the shaft instantaneous phase.Digital-domain synchronous resampling is then applied to the vibration data by using the instantaneous phase information.Due to the nature of noise suppression in the numerical integration,the accuracy of synchronous sampling is greatly improved.This proposed approach demonstrates the feasibility and engineering applicability through a controlled laboratory test case and two field wind-turbine cases.More detailed results and conclusions of this research are presented at the end of this paper.
