Battery safety has emerged as a critical challenge for achieving carbon neutrality,driven by the increasing frequency of thermal runaway incidents in electric vehicles(EVs)and stationary energy storage systems(ESSs).C...Battery safety has emerged as a critical challenge for achieving carbon neutrality,driven by the increasing frequency of thermal runaway incidents in electric vehicles(EVs)and stationary energy storage systems(ESSs).Conventional battery monitoring technologies struggle to track multiple physicochemical parameters in real time,hindering early hazard detection.Embedded optical fiber sensors have gained prominence as a transformative solution for next-generation smart battery sensing,owing to their micrometer size,multiplexing capability,and electromagnetic immunity.However,comprehensive reviews focusing on their advancements in operando multi-parameter monitoring remain scarce,despite their critical importance for ensuring battery safety.To address this gap,this review first introduces a classification and the fundamental principles of advanced battery-oriented optical fiber sensors.Subsequently,it summarizes recent developments in single-parameter battery monitoring using optical fiber sensors.Building on this foundation,this review presents the first comprehensive analysis of multifunctional optical fiber sensing platforms capable of simultaneously tracking temperature,strain,pressure,refractive index,and monitoring battery aging.Targeted strategies are proposed to facilitate the practical development of this technology,including optimization of sensor integration techniques,minimizing sensor invasiveness,resolving the cross-sensitivity of fiber Bragg grating(FBG)through structural innovation,enhancing techno-economics,and combining with artificial intelligence(AI).By aligning academic research with industry requirements,this review provides a methodological roadmap for developing robust optical sensing systems to ensure battery safety in decarbonization-driven applications.展开更多
A rapidly growing field is piezoresistive sensor for accurate respiration rate monitoring to suppress the worldwide respiratory illness.However,a large neglected issue is the sensing durability and accuracy without in...A rapidly growing field is piezoresistive sensor for accurate respiration rate monitoring to suppress the worldwide respiratory illness.However,a large neglected issue is the sensing durability and accuracy without interference since the expiratory pressure always coupled with external humidity and temperature variations,as well as mechanical motion artifacts.Herein,a robust and biodegradable piezoresistive sensor is reported that consists of heterogeneous MXene/cellulose-gelation sensing layer and Ag-based interdigital electrode,featuring customizable cylindrical interface arrangement and compact hierarchical laminated architecture for collectively regulating the piezoresistive response and mechanical robustness,thereby realizing the long-term breath-induced pressure detection.Notably,molecular dynamics simulations reveal the frequent angle inversion and reorientation of MXene/cellulose in vacuum filtration,driven by shear forces and interfacial interactions,which facilitate the establishment of hydrogen bonds and optimize the architecture design in sensing layer.The resultant sensor delivers unprecedented collection features of superior stability for off-axis deformation(0-120°,~2.8×10^(-3) A)and sensing accuracy without crosstalk(humidity 50%-100%and temperature 30-80).Besides,the sensor-embedded mask together with machine learning models is achieved to train and classify the respiration status for volunteers with different ages(average prediction accuracy~90%).It is envisioned that the customizable architecture design and sensor paradigm will shed light on the advanced stability of sustainable electronics and pave the way for the commercial application in respiratory monitory.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health issue,driving the need for noninvasive alternatives to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods.Recent advancements in wearable technology have introduced skin-in...Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health issue,driving the need for noninvasive alternatives to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods.Recent advancements in wearable technology have introduced skin-interfaced biosensors capable of analyzing sweat and skin biomarkers,providing innovative solutions for diabetes diagnosis and monitoring.This review comprehensively discusses the current developments in noninvasive wearable biosensors,emphasizing simultaneous detection of biochemical biomarkers(such as glucose,cortisol,lactate,branched-chain amino acids,and cytokines)and physiological signals(including heart rate,blood pressure,and sweat rate)for accurate,personalized diabetes management.We explore innovations in multimodal sensor design,materials science,biorecognition elements,and integration techniques,highlighting the importance of advanced data analytics,artificial intelligence-driven predictive algorithms,and closed-loop therapeutic systems.Additionally,the review addresses ongoing challenges in biomarker validation,sensor stability,user compliance,data privacy,and regulatory considerations.A holistic,multimodal approach enabled by these next-generation wearable biosensors holds significant potential for improving patient outcomes and facilitating proactive healthcare interventions in diabetes management.展开更多
The growing prevalence of exercise-induced tibial stress fractures demands wearable sensors capable of monitoring dynamic musculoskeletal loads with medical-grade precision.While flexible pressure-sensing insoles show...The growing prevalence of exercise-induced tibial stress fractures demands wearable sensors capable of monitoring dynamic musculoskeletal loads with medical-grade precision.While flexible pressure-sensing insoles show clinical potential,their development has been hindered by the intrinsic trade-off between high sensitivity and full-range linearity(R^(2)>0.99 up to 1 MPa)in conventional designs.Inspired by the tactile sensing mechanism of human skin,where dermal stratification enables wide-range pressure adaptation and ion-channelregulated signaling maintains linear electrical responses,we developed a dual-mechanism flexible iontronic pressure sensor(FIPS).This innovative design synergistically combines two bioinspired components:interdigitated fabric microstructures enabling pressure-proportional contact area expansion(αP1/3)and iontronic film facilitating self-adaptive ion concentration modulation(αP^(2/3)),which together generate a linear capacitance-pressure response(CαP).The FIPS achieves breakthrough performance:242 kPa^(-1)sensitivity with 0.997linearity across 0-1 MPa,yielding a record linear sensing factor(LSF=242,000).The design is validated across various substrates and ionic materials,demonstrating its versatility.Finally,the FIPS-driven design enables a smart insole demonstrating 1.8%error in tibial load assessment during gait analysis,outperforming nonlinear counterparts(6.5%error)in early fracture-risk prediction.The biomimetic design framework establishes a universal approach for developing high-performance linear sensors,establishing generalized principles for medical-grade wearable devices.展开更多
In this paper, the progress and development on remote sensing technology applied in earthquake monitoring research are summarized, such as differential interference synthetic aperture radar （D-InSAR）, infrared remot...In this paper, the progress and development on remote sensing technology applied in earthquake monitoring research are summarized, such as differential interference synthetic aperture radar （D-InSAR）, infrared remote sensing, and seismo-ionospheric detecting. Many new monitoring data in this domain have been used, and new data processing methods have been developed to obtain high-precision images about crustal deformation, outgoing longwave radiation （OLR）, surface latent heat flux （SLHF）, and ionospheric parameters. The development in monitoring technology and data processing technique largely enriches earthquake research information and provides new tools for earthquake stereoscope monitoring system, especially on the space part. Finally, new developing trend in this area was introduced, and some key problems in future work were pointed out.展开更多
The level of deformation development of surrounding rocks is a vital predictor to evaluate impending coal mine disasters and it is important to establish accurate measurements of the deformed status to ensure coal min...The level of deformation development of surrounding rocks is a vital predictor to evaluate impending coal mine disasters and it is important to establish accurate measurements of the deformed status to ensure coal mine safety. Traditional deformation monitoring methods are mostly based on single parameter, in this paper, multiple approaches are integrated: firstly, both electric and elastic models are established,from which electric field distribution and seismic wave recording are calculated and finally, the resistivity profiles and source position information are determined using inversion methods, from which then the deformation and failure of mine floor are evaluated. According to the inversion results of both electric and seismic field signals, multiple-parameter dynamic monitoring of surrounding rock deformation in deep mine can be performed. The methodology is validated using numerical simulation results which shows that the multi-parameter dynamic monitoring methods have better results for surrounding rock deformation in deep mine monitoring than single parameter methods.展开更多
In recent years, the increasing frequency of debris flow demands enhanced effectiveness and efficiency of warning systems. Effective warning systems are essential not only from an economic point of view but are also c...In recent years, the increasing frequency of debris flow demands enhanced effectiveness and efficiency of warning systems. Effective warning systems are essential not only from an economic point of view but are also considered as a frontline approach to alleviate hazards. Currently, the key issues are the imbalance between the limited lifespan of equipment, the relatively long period between the recurrences of such hazards, and the wide range of critical rainfall that trigger these disasters. This paper attempts to provide a stepwise multi-parameter debris flow warning system after taking into account the shortcomings observed in other warning systems. The whole system is divided into five stages. Differentwarning levels can be issued based on the critical rainfall thresholds. Monitoring starts when early warning is issued and it continues with debris flow near warning, triggering warning, movement warning and hazard warning stages. For early warning, historical archives of earthquake and drought are used to choose a debris flow-susceptible site for further monitoring. Secondly, weather forecasts provide an alert of possible near warning. Hazardous precipitation, model calculation and debris flow initiation tests, pore pressure sensors and water content sensors are combined to check the critical rainfall and to publically announce a triggering warning. In the final two stages, equipment such as rainfall gauges, flow stage sensors, vibration sensors, low sound sensors and infrasound meters are used to assess movement processes and issue hazardwarnings. In addition to these warnings, communitybased knowledge and information is also obtained and discussed in detail. The proposed stepwise, multiparameter debris flow monitoring and warning system has been applied in Aizi valley China which continuously monitors the debris flow activities.展开更多
A multi-parameter real-time monitoring scheme for power transmission line is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.The Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG)sensors are used to sensing the information of temperature and strain i...A multi-parameter real-time monitoring scheme for power transmission line is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.The Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG)sensors are used to sensing the information of temperature and strain in the power transmission lines system,and a monitoring center based on client–server model is established to process and display the sensing information.Several FBG-based power transmission line temperature sensors interrogated based on the developed multi-parameter real-time monitoring scheme is experimentally investigated.The result shows that the system is very useful.展开更多
The atmospheric corrosion monitoring(ACM)technique has been widely employed to track the real-time corrosion behavior of metal materials.However,limited studies have applied ACM to the corrosion protection properties ...The atmospheric corrosion monitoring(ACM)technique has been widely employed to track the real-time corrosion behavior of metal materials.However,limited studies have applied ACM to the corrosion protection properties of organic coatings.This study compared a bare epoxy coating with one containing zinc phosphate corrosion inhibitors,both applied on ACM sensors,to observe their corrosion protection properties over time.Coatings with artificial damage via scratches were exposed to immersion and alternating dry and wet environments,which allowed for monitoring galvanic corrosion currents in real-time.Throughout the corrosion tests,the ACM currents of the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating were considerably lower than those of the blank epoxy coating.The trend in ACM current variations closely matched the results obtained from regular electrochemical tests and surface analysis.This alignment highlights the potential of the ACM technique in evaluating the corrosion protection capabilities of organic coatings.Compared with the blank epoxy coating,the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating showed much-decreased ACM current values that confirmed the effective inhibition of zinc phosphate against steel corrosion beneath the damaged coating.展开更多
Environmentalmonitoring systems based on remote sensing technology have a wider monitoringrange and longer timeliness, which makes them widely used in the detection andmanagement of pollution sources. However, haze we...Environmentalmonitoring systems based on remote sensing technology have a wider monitoringrange and longer timeliness, which makes them widely used in the detection andmanagement of pollution sources. However, haze weather conditions degrade image qualityand reduce the precision of environmental monitoring systems. To address this problem,this research proposes a remote sensing image dehazingmethod based on the atmosphericscattering model and a dark channel prior constrained network. The method consists ofa dehazing network, a dark channel information injection network (DCIIN), and a transmissionmap network. Within the dehazing network, the branch fusion module optimizesfeature weights to enhance the dehazing effect. By leveraging dark channel information,the DCIIN enables high-quality estimation of the atmospheric veil. To ensure the outputof the deep learning model aligns with physical laws, we reconstruct the haze image usingthe prediction results from the three networks. Subsequently, we apply the traditionalloss function and dark channel loss function between the reconstructed haze image and theoriginal haze image. This approach enhances interpretability and reliabilitywhile maintainingadherence to physical principles. Furthermore, the network is trained on a synthesizednon-homogeneous haze remote sensing dataset using dark channel information from cloudmaps. The experimental results show that the proposed network can achieve better imagedehazing on both synthetic and real remote sensing images with non-homogeneous hazedistribution. This research provides a new idea for solving the problem of decreased accuracyof environmental monitoring systems under haze weather conditions and has strongpracticability.展开更多
Refractory wounds cause significant harm to the health of patients and the most common treatments in clinical practice are surgical debridement and wound dressings.However,certain challenges,including surgical difficu...Refractory wounds cause significant harm to the health of patients and the most common treatments in clinical practice are surgical debridement and wound dressings.However,certain challenges,including surgical difficulty,lengthy recovery times,and a high recurrence rate persist.Conductive hydrogel dressings with combined monitoring and therapeutic properties have strong advantages in promoting wound healing due to the stimulation of endogenous current on wounds and are the focus of recent advancements.Therefore,this review introduces the mechanism of conductive hydrogel used for wound monitoring and healing,the materials selection of conductive hydrogel dressings used for wound monitoring,focuses on the conductive hydrogel sensor to monitor the output categories of wound status signals,proving invaluable for non-invasive,real-time evaluation of wound condition to encourage wound healing.Notably,the research of artificial intelligence(AI)model based on sensor derived data to predict the wound healing state,AI makes use of this abundant data set to forecast and optimize the trajectory of tissue regeneration and assess the stage of wound healing.Finally,refractory wounds including pressure ulcers,diabetes ulcers and articular wounds,and the corresponding wound monitoring and healing process are discussed in detail.This manuscript supports the growth of clinically linked disciplines and offers motivation to researchers working in the multidisciplinary field of conductive hydrogel dressings.展开更多
Wearable sensing systems have been designed to monitor health conditions in real-time by detecting analytes in human biofluids.Wound diagnosis remains challenging,necessitating suitable materials for high-performance ...Wearable sensing systems have been designed to monitor health conditions in real-time by detecting analytes in human biofluids.Wound diagnosis remains challenging,necessitating suitable materials for high-performance wearable sensors to offer prompt feedback.Existing devices have limitations in measuring pH and the concentration of pH-dependent electroactive species simultaneously,which is crucial for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of wound status and optimizing biosensors.Therefore,improving materials and analysis system accuracy is essential.This article introduces the first example of a flexible array capable of detecting pyocyanin,a bacterial virulence factor,while correcting dynamic pH fluctuations.We demonstrate that this combined sensor enhances accuracy by mitigating the impact of pH variability on pyocyanin sensor response.Customized screen-printable inks were developed to enhance analytical performance.The analytical performances of two sensitive sensor systems(i.e.,fully-printed porous graphene/multiwalled carbon nanotube(CNT)and polyaniline/CNT composites for pyocyanin and pH sensors)are evaluated.Partial least square regression is employed to analyze nonzero-order data arrays from square wave voltammetric and potentiometric measurements of pyocyanin and pH sensors to establish a predictive model for pyocyanin concentration in complex fluids.This sensitive and effective strategy shows potential for personalized applications due to its affordability,ease of use,and ability to adjust for dynamic pH changes.展开更多
To tackle the issue of notch frequency and center frequency drift of the L(0,1)mode guided wave in ultra⁃sonic guided wave⁃based stress monitoring of prestressed steel strands,a method using higher⁃order mode plateau ...To tackle the issue of notch frequency and center frequency drift of the L(0,1)mode guided wave in ultra⁃sonic guided wave⁃based stress monitoring of prestressed steel strands,a method using higher⁃order mode plateau fre⁃quencies is adopted.First,the correlation between group velocity peaks and phase velocities at these plateau frequen⁃cies is analyzed.This analysis establishes a quantitative rela⁃tionship between phase velocity and stress in the steel strand,providing a theoretical foundation for stress monitor⁃ing.Then the two⁃dimensional Fourier transform is em⁃ployed to separate wave modes.Dynamic programming techniques are applied in the frequency⁃velocity domain to extract higher⁃order modes.By identifying the group veloc⁃ity peaks of these separated higher⁃order modes,the plateau frequencies of guided waves are determined,enabling indi⁃rect measurement of stress in the steel strand.To validate this method,finite element simulations are conducted under three scenarios.Results show that the higher⁃order modes of transient signals from three different positions can be ac⁃curately extracted,leading to successful cable stress moni⁃toring.This approach effectively circumvents the issue of guided wave frequency drift and improves stress monitoring accuracy.Consequently,it significantly improves the appli⁃cation of ultrasonic guided wave technology in structural health monitoring.展开更多
BACKGROUND At present,the conventional methods for diagnosing cerebral edema in clinical practice are computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),which can evaluate the location and degree of peripheral...BACKGROUND At present,the conventional methods for diagnosing cerebral edema in clinical practice are computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),which can evaluate the location and degree of peripheral cerebral edema,but cannot realize quantification.When patients have symptoms of diffuse cerebral edema or high cranial pressure,CT or MRI often suggests that cerebral edema is lagging and cannot be dynamically monitored in real time.Intracranial pressure monitoring is the gold standard,but it is an invasive operation with high cost and complications.For clinical purposes,the ideal cerebral edema monitoring should be non-invasive,real-time,bedside,and continuous dynamic monitoring.The dis-turbance coefficient(DC)was used in this study to dynamically monitor the occu-rrence,development,and evolution of cerebral edema in patients with cerebral hemorrhage in real time,and review head CT or MRI to evaluate the development of the disease and guide further treatment,so as to improve the prognosis of patients with cerebral hemorrhage.AIM To offer a promising new approach for non-invasive adjuvant therapy in cerebral edema treatment.METHODS A total of 160 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery,Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University from September 2018 to September 2019 were recruited.The patients were randomly divided into a control group(n=80)and an experimental group(n=80).Patients in the control group received conventional empirical treatment,while those in the experimental group were treated with mannitol dehydration under the guidance of DC.Subsequently,we compared the two groups with regards to the total dosage of mannitol,the total course of treatment,the incidence of complications,and prognosis.RESULTS The mean daily consumption of mannitol,the total course of treatment,and the mean hospitalization days were 362.7±117.7 mL,14.8±5.2 days,and 29.4±7.9 in the control group and 283.1±93.6 mL,11.8±4.2 days,and 23.9±8.3 in the experimental group(P<0.05).In the control group,there were 20 patients with pulmonary infection(25%),30 with electrolyte disturbance(37.5%),20 with renal impairment(25%),and 16 with stress ulcer(20%).In the experimental group,pulmonary infection occurred in 18 patients(22.5%),electrolyte disturbance in 6(7.5%),renal impairment in 2(2.5%),and stress ulcers in 15(18.8%)(P<0.05).According to the Glasgow coma scale score 6 months after discharge,the prognosis of the control group was good in 20 patients(25%),fair in 26(32.5%),and poor in 34(42.5%);the prognosis of the experimental group was good in 32(40%),fair in 36(45%),and poor in 12(15%)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Using DC for non-invasive dynamic monitoring of cerebral edema demonstrates considerable clinical potential.It reduces mannitol dosage,treatment duration,complication rates,and hospital stays,ultimately lowering hospital-ization costs.Additionally,it improves overall patient prognosis,offering a promising new approach for non-invasive adjuvant therapy in cerebral edema treatment.展开更多
Flexible wearable optoelectronic devices fabricated fromorganic–inorganic hybrid perovskites significantly accelerate the developmentof portable energy,biomedicine,and sensing fields,but their poor thermal stabilityh...Flexible wearable optoelectronic devices fabricated fromorganic–inorganic hybrid perovskites significantly accelerate the developmentof portable energy,biomedicine,and sensing fields,but their poor thermal stabilityhinders further applications.Conversely,all-inorganic perovskites possessexcellent thermal stability,but black-phase all-inorganic perovskite filmusually requires high-temperature annealing steps,which increases energy consumptionand is not conducive to the fabrication of flexible wearable devices.In this work,an unprecedented low-temperature fabrication of stable blackphaseCsPbI3perovskite films is demonstrated by the in situ hydrolysis reactionof diphenylphosphinic chloride additive.The released diphenyl phosphateand chloride ions during the hydrolysis reaction significantly lower the phasetransition temperature and effectively passivate the defects in the perovskitefilms,yielding high-performance photodetectors with a responsivity of 42.1 AW−1 and a detectivity of 1.3×10^(14)Jones.Furthermore,high-fidelity imageand photoplethysmography sensors are demonstrated based on the fabricated flexible wearable photodetectors.This work provides a newperspective for the low-temperature fabrication of large-area all-inorganic perovskite flexible optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Surrounding rock deterioration and large deformation have always been a significant difficulty in designing and constructing tunnels in soft rock.The key lies in real-time perception and quantitative assessment of the...Surrounding rock deterioration and large deformation have always been a significant difficulty in designing and constructing tunnels in soft rock.The key lies in real-time perception and quantitative assessment of the damaged area around the tunnel.An in situ microseismic(MS)monitoring system is established in the plateau soft tock tunnel.This technique facilitates spatiotemporal monitoring of the rock mass's fracturing expansion and squeezing deformation,which agree well with field convergence deformation results.The formation mechanisms of progressive failure evolution of soft rock tunnels were discussed and analyzed with MS data and numerical results.The results demonstrate that:(1)Localized stress concentration and layered rock result in significant asymmetry in micro-fractures propagation in the tunnel radial section.As excavation continues,the fracture extension area extends into the deep surrounding rockmass on the east side affected by the weak bedding;(2)Tunnel excavation and long-term deformation can induce tensile shear action on the rock mass,vertical tension fractures(account for 45%)exist in deep rockmass,which play a crucial role in controlling the macroscopic failure of surrounding rock;and(3)Based on the radiated MS energy,a three-dimensional model was created to visualize the damage zone of the tunnel surrounding rock.The model depicted varying degrees of damage,and three high damage zones were identified.Generally,the depth of high damage zone ranged from 4 m to 12 m.This study may be a valuable reference for the warning and controlling of large deformations in similar projects.展开更多
With the rapid development of wearable electronic skin technology, flexible strain sensors have shown great application prospects in the fields of human motion and physiological signal detection, medical diagnostics, ...With the rapid development of wearable electronic skin technology, flexible strain sensors have shown great application prospects in the fields of human motion and physiological signal detection, medical diagnostics, and human-computer interaction owing to their outstanding sensing performance. This paper reports a strain sensor with synergistic conductive network, consisting of stable carbon nanotube dispersion (CNT) layer and brittle MXene layer by dip-coating and electrostatic self-assembly method, and breathable three-dimensional (3D) flexible substrate of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fibrous membrane prepared through electrospinning technology. The MXene/CNT@PDA-TPU (MC@p-TPU) flexible strain sensor had excellent air permeability, wide operating range (0–450 %), high sensitivity (Gauge Factor, GFmax = 8089.7), ultra-low detection limit (0.05 %), rapid response and recovery times (40 ms/60 ms), and excellent cycle stability and durability (10,000 cycles). Given its superior strain sensing capabilities, this sensor can be applied in physiological signals detection, human motion pattern recognition, and driving exoskeleton robots. In addition, MC@p-TPU fibrous membrane also exhibited excellent photothermal conversion performance and can be used as a wearable photo-heater, which has far-reaching application potential in the photothermal therapy of human joint diseases.展开更多
In recent decades,control performance monitoring(CPM)has experienced remarkable progress in research and industrial applications.While CPM research has been investigated using various benchmarks,the historical data be...In recent decades,control performance monitoring(CPM)has experienced remarkable progress in research and industrial applications.While CPM research has been investigated using various benchmarks,the historical data benchmark(HIS)has garnered the most attention due to its practicality and effectiveness.However,existing CPM reviews usually focus on the theoretical benchmark,and there is a lack of an in-depth review that thoroughly explores HIS-based methods.In this article,a comprehensive overview of HIS-based CPM is provided.First,we provide a novel static-dynamic perspective on data-level manifestations of control performance underlying typical controller capacities including regulation and servo:static and dynamic properties.The static property portrays time-independent variability in system output,and the dynamic property describes temporal behavior driven by closed-loop feedback.Accordingly,existing HIS-based CPM approaches and their intrinsic motivations are classified and analyzed from these two perspectives.Specifically,two mainstream solutions for CPM methods are summarized,including static analysis and dynamic analysis,which match data-driven techniques with actual controlling behavior.Furthermore,this paper also points out various opportunities and challenges faced in CPM for modern industry and provides promising directions in the context of artificial intelligence for inspiring future research.展开更多
Potential high-temperature risks exist in heat-prone components of electric moped charging devices,such as sockets,interfaces,and controllers.Traditional detection methods have limitations in terms of real-time perfor...Potential high-temperature risks exist in heat-prone components of electric moped charging devices,such as sockets,interfaces,and controllers.Traditional detection methods have limitations in terms of real-time performance and monitoring scope.To address this,a temperature detection method based on infrared image processing has been proposed:utilizing the median filtering algorithm to denoise the original infrared image,then applying an image segmentation algorithm to divide the image.展开更多
In order to address the current inability of screen printing to monitor printing pressure online,an online printing pressure monitoring system applied to screen printing machines was designed in this study.In this stu...In order to address the current inability of screen printing to monitor printing pressure online,an online printing pressure monitoring system applied to screen printing machines was designed in this study.In this study,the consistency of printed electrodes was measured by using a confocal microscope and the pressure distribution detected by online pressure monitoring system was compared to investigate the relationship.The results demonstrated the relationship between printing pressure and the consistency of printed electrodes.As printing pressure increases,the ink layer at the corresponding position becomes thicker and that higher printing pressure enhances the consistency of the printed electrodes.The experiment confirms the feasibility of the online pressure monitoring system,which aids in predicting and controlling the consistency of printed electrodes,thereby improving their performance.展开更多
基金the financial supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52372200)a project supported by the State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures(No.MCAS-S-0324G01)。
文摘Battery safety has emerged as a critical challenge for achieving carbon neutrality,driven by the increasing frequency of thermal runaway incidents in electric vehicles(EVs)and stationary energy storage systems(ESSs).Conventional battery monitoring technologies struggle to track multiple physicochemical parameters in real time,hindering early hazard detection.Embedded optical fiber sensors have gained prominence as a transformative solution for next-generation smart battery sensing,owing to their micrometer size,multiplexing capability,and electromagnetic immunity.However,comprehensive reviews focusing on their advancements in operando multi-parameter monitoring remain scarce,despite their critical importance for ensuring battery safety.To address this gap,this review first introduces a classification and the fundamental principles of advanced battery-oriented optical fiber sensors.Subsequently,it summarizes recent developments in single-parameter battery monitoring using optical fiber sensors.Building on this foundation,this review presents the first comprehensive analysis of multifunctional optical fiber sensing platforms capable of simultaneously tracking temperature,strain,pressure,refractive index,and monitoring battery aging.Targeted strategies are proposed to facilitate the practical development of this technology,including optimization of sensor integration techniques,minimizing sensor invasiveness,resolving the cross-sensitivity of fiber Bragg grating(FBG)through structural innovation,enhancing techno-economics,and combining with artificial intelligence(AI).By aligning academic research with industry requirements,this review provides a methodological roadmap for developing robust optical sensing systems to ensure battery safety in decarbonization-driven applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22074072,22274083,52376199)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2023LZY005)+1 种基金the Exploration Project of the State Key Laboratory of BioFibers and EcoTextiles of Qingdao University(TSKT202101)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022BLRD13,2023BLRD01).
文摘A rapidly growing field is piezoresistive sensor for accurate respiration rate monitoring to suppress the worldwide respiratory illness.However,a large neglected issue is the sensing durability and accuracy without interference since the expiratory pressure always coupled with external humidity and temperature variations,as well as mechanical motion artifacts.Herein,a robust and biodegradable piezoresistive sensor is reported that consists of heterogeneous MXene/cellulose-gelation sensing layer and Ag-based interdigital electrode,featuring customizable cylindrical interface arrangement and compact hierarchical laminated architecture for collectively regulating the piezoresistive response and mechanical robustness,thereby realizing the long-term breath-induced pressure detection.Notably,molecular dynamics simulations reveal the frequent angle inversion and reorientation of MXene/cellulose in vacuum filtration,driven by shear forces and interfacial interactions,which facilitate the establishment of hydrogen bonds and optimize the architecture design in sensing layer.The resultant sensor delivers unprecedented collection features of superior stability for off-axis deformation(0-120°,~2.8×10^(-3) A)and sensing accuracy without crosstalk(humidity 50%-100%and temperature 30-80).Besides,the sensor-embedded mask together with machine learning models is achieved to train and classify the respiration status for volunteers with different ages(average prediction accuracy~90%).It is envisioned that the customizable architecture design and sensor paradigm will shed light on the advanced stability of sustainable electronics and pave the way for the commercial application in respiratory monitory.
文摘Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health issue,driving the need for noninvasive alternatives to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods.Recent advancements in wearable technology have introduced skin-interfaced biosensors capable of analyzing sweat and skin biomarkers,providing innovative solutions for diabetes diagnosis and monitoring.This review comprehensively discusses the current developments in noninvasive wearable biosensors,emphasizing simultaneous detection of biochemical biomarkers(such as glucose,cortisol,lactate,branched-chain amino acids,and cytokines)and physiological signals(including heart rate,blood pressure,and sweat rate)for accurate,personalized diabetes management.We explore innovations in multimodal sensor design,materials science,biorecognition elements,and integration techniques,highlighting the importance of advanced data analytics,artificial intelligence-driven predictive algorithms,and closed-loop therapeutic systems.Additionally,the review addresses ongoing challenges in biomarker validation,sensor stability,user compliance,data privacy,and regulatory considerations.A holistic,multimodal approach enabled by these next-generation wearable biosensors holds significant potential for improving patient outcomes and facilitating proactive healthcare interventions in diabetes management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 52175281,52475315)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2021382)。
文摘The growing prevalence of exercise-induced tibial stress fractures demands wearable sensors capable of monitoring dynamic musculoskeletal loads with medical-grade precision.While flexible pressure-sensing insoles show clinical potential,their development has been hindered by the intrinsic trade-off between high sensitivity and full-range linearity(R^(2)>0.99 up to 1 MPa)in conventional designs.Inspired by the tactile sensing mechanism of human skin,where dermal stratification enables wide-range pressure adaptation and ion-channelregulated signaling maintains linear electrical responses,we developed a dual-mechanism flexible iontronic pressure sensor(FIPS).This innovative design synergistically combines two bioinspired components:interdigitated fabric microstructures enabling pressure-proportional contact area expansion(αP1/3)and iontronic film facilitating self-adaptive ion concentration modulation(αP^(2/3)),which together generate a linear capacitance-pressure response(CαP).The FIPS achieves breakthrough performance:242 kPa^(-1)sensitivity with 0.997linearity across 0-1 MPa,yielding a record linear sensing factor(LSF=242,000).The design is validated across various substrates and ionic materials,demonstrating its versatility.Finally,the FIPS-driven design enables a smart insole demonstrating 1.8%error in tibial load assessment during gait analysis,outperforming nonlinear counterparts(6.5%error)in early fracture-risk prediction.The biomimetic design framework establishes a universal approach for developing high-performance linear sensors,establishing generalized principles for medical-grade wearable devices.
基金supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China(2010DFB20190)the Key Project of Earthquake Science(201008007)
文摘In this paper, the progress and development on remote sensing technology applied in earthquake monitoring research are summarized, such as differential interference synthetic aperture radar （D-InSAR）, infrared remote sensing, and seismo-ionospheric detecting. Many new monitoring data in this domain have been used, and new data processing methods have been developed to obtain high-precision images about crustal deformation, outgoing longwave radiation （OLR）, surface latent heat flux （SLHF）, and ionospheric parameters. The development in monitoring technology and data processing technique largely enriches earthquake research information and provides new tools for earthquake stereoscope monitoring system, especially on the space part. Finally, new developing trend in this area was introduced, and some key problems in future work were pointed out.
基金financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (No. 2015QNB19)the financial support from the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Safety and High-efficiency Coal Mining, Ministry of Education of China (No. JYBSYS2015107)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51404254, 41430317 and U1261202)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (No. 2014M560465)the Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds of China (No. 1302050B)
文摘The level of deformation development of surrounding rocks is a vital predictor to evaluate impending coal mine disasters and it is important to establish accurate measurements of the deformed status to ensure coal mine safety. Traditional deformation monitoring methods are mostly based on single parameter, in this paper, multiple approaches are integrated: firstly, both electric and elastic models are established,from which electric field distribution and seismic wave recording are calculated and finally, the resistivity profiles and source position information are determined using inversion methods, from which then the deformation and failure of mine floor are evaluated. According to the inversion results of both electric and seismic field signals, multiple-parameter dynamic monitoring of surrounding rock deformation in deep mine can be performed. The methodology is validated using numerical simulation results which shows that the multi-parameter dynamic monitoring methods have better results for surrounding rock deformation in deep mine monitoring than single parameter methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41661134012 and 41501012)Foundation for selected young scientists,Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS(Grant Nos.SDSQN-1306,Y3L1340340,sds-135-1202-02)
文摘In recent years, the increasing frequency of debris flow demands enhanced effectiveness and efficiency of warning systems. Effective warning systems are essential not only from an economic point of view but are also considered as a frontline approach to alleviate hazards. Currently, the key issues are the imbalance between the limited lifespan of equipment, the relatively long period between the recurrences of such hazards, and the wide range of critical rainfall that trigger these disasters. This paper attempts to provide a stepwise multi-parameter debris flow warning system after taking into account the shortcomings observed in other warning systems. The whole system is divided into five stages. Differentwarning levels can be issued based on the critical rainfall thresholds. Monitoring starts when early warning is issued and it continues with debris flow near warning, triggering warning, movement warning and hazard warning stages. For early warning, historical archives of earthquake and drought are used to choose a debris flow-susceptible site for further monitoring. Secondly, weather forecasts provide an alert of possible near warning. Hazardous precipitation, model calculation and debris flow initiation tests, pore pressure sensors and water content sensors are combined to check the critical rainfall and to publically announce a triggering warning. In the final two stages, equipment such as rainfall gauges, flow stage sensors, vibration sensors, low sound sensors and infrasound meters are used to assess movement processes and issue hazardwarnings. In addition to these warnings, communitybased knowledge and information is also obtained and discussed in detail. The proposed stepwise, multiparameter debris flow monitoring and warning system has been applied in Aizi valley China which continuously monitors the debris flow activities.
文摘A multi-parameter real-time monitoring scheme for power transmission line is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.The Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG)sensors are used to sensing the information of temperature and strain in the power transmission lines system,and a monitoring center based on client–server model is established to process and display the sensing information.Several FBG-based power transmission line temperature sensors interrogated based on the developed multi-parameter real-time monitoring scheme is experimentally investigated.The result shows that the system is very useful.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52371049)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology(YESS,No.2020QNRC001)the National Science and Technology Resources Investigation Program of China(Nos.2021FY100603 and 2019FY101404)。
文摘The atmospheric corrosion monitoring(ACM)technique has been widely employed to track the real-time corrosion behavior of metal materials.However,limited studies have applied ACM to the corrosion protection properties of organic coatings.This study compared a bare epoxy coating with one containing zinc phosphate corrosion inhibitors,both applied on ACM sensors,to observe their corrosion protection properties over time.Coatings with artificial damage via scratches were exposed to immersion and alternating dry and wet environments,which allowed for monitoring galvanic corrosion currents in real-time.Throughout the corrosion tests,the ACM currents of the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating were considerably lower than those of the blank epoxy coating.The trend in ACM current variations closely matched the results obtained from regular electrochemical tests and surface analysis.This alignment highlights the potential of the ACM technique in evaluating the corrosion protection capabilities of organic coatings.Compared with the blank epoxy coating,the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating showed much-decreased ACM current values that confirmed the effective inhibition of zinc phosphate against steel corrosion beneath the damaged coating.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51605054).
文摘Environmentalmonitoring systems based on remote sensing technology have a wider monitoringrange and longer timeliness, which makes them widely used in the detection andmanagement of pollution sources. However, haze weather conditions degrade image qualityand reduce the precision of environmental monitoring systems. To address this problem,this research proposes a remote sensing image dehazingmethod based on the atmosphericscattering model and a dark channel prior constrained network. The method consists ofa dehazing network, a dark channel information injection network (DCIIN), and a transmissionmap network. Within the dehazing network, the branch fusion module optimizesfeature weights to enhance the dehazing effect. By leveraging dark channel information,the DCIIN enables high-quality estimation of the atmospheric veil. To ensure the outputof the deep learning model aligns with physical laws, we reconstruct the haze image usingthe prediction results from the three networks. Subsequently, we apply the traditionalloss function and dark channel loss function between the reconstructed haze image and theoriginal haze image. This approach enhances interpretability and reliabilitywhile maintainingadherence to physical principles. Furthermore, the network is trained on a synthesizednon-homogeneous haze remote sensing dataset using dark channel information from cloudmaps. The experimental results show that the proposed network can achieve better imagedehazing on both synthetic and real remote sensing images with non-homogeneous hazedistribution. This research provides a new idea for solving the problem of decreased accuracyof environmental monitoring systems under haze weather conditions and has strongpracticability.
基金supports received from Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Province Education Department(Grant No.JYTQN 2023025)Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Province Education Department(Grant No.JYTQN 2023025)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2024-MS-075)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201179)National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC2508200)Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund(General Support Program Project)(2023-MSBA-093).
文摘Refractory wounds cause significant harm to the health of patients and the most common treatments in clinical practice are surgical debridement and wound dressings.However,certain challenges,including surgical difficulty,lengthy recovery times,and a high recurrence rate persist.Conductive hydrogel dressings with combined monitoring and therapeutic properties have strong advantages in promoting wound healing due to the stimulation of endogenous current on wounds and are the focus of recent advancements.Therefore,this review introduces the mechanism of conductive hydrogel used for wound monitoring and healing,the materials selection of conductive hydrogel dressings used for wound monitoring,focuses on the conductive hydrogel sensor to monitor the output categories of wound status signals,proving invaluable for non-invasive,real-time evaluation of wound condition to encourage wound healing.Notably,the research of artificial intelligence(AI)model based on sensor derived data to predict the wound healing state,AI makes use of this abundant data set to forecast and optimize the trajectory of tissue regeneration and assess the stage of wound healing.Finally,refractory wounds including pressure ulcers,diabetes ulcers and articular wounds,and the corresponding wound monitoring and healing process are discussed in detail.This manuscript supports the growth of clinically linked disciplines and offers motivation to researchers working in the multidisciplinary field of conductive hydrogel dressings.
基金the Talent Management Project of Prince of Songkla University
文摘Wearable sensing systems have been designed to monitor health conditions in real-time by detecting analytes in human biofluids.Wound diagnosis remains challenging,necessitating suitable materials for high-performance wearable sensors to offer prompt feedback.Existing devices have limitations in measuring pH and the concentration of pH-dependent electroactive species simultaneously,which is crucial for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of wound status and optimizing biosensors.Therefore,improving materials and analysis system accuracy is essential.This article introduces the first example of a flexible array capable of detecting pyocyanin,a bacterial virulence factor,while correcting dynamic pH fluctuations.We demonstrate that this combined sensor enhances accuracy by mitigating the impact of pH variability on pyocyanin sensor response.Customized screen-printable inks were developed to enhance analytical performance.The analytical performances of two sensitive sensor systems(i.e.,fully-printed porous graphene/multiwalled carbon nanotube(CNT)and polyaniline/CNT composites for pyocyanin and pH sensors)are evaluated.Partial least square regression is employed to analyze nonzero-order data arrays from square wave voltammetric and potentiometric measurements of pyocyanin and pH sensors to establish a predictive model for pyocyanin concentration in complex fluids.This sensitive and effective strategy shows potential for personalized applications due to its affordability,ease of use,and ability to adjust for dynamic pH changes.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52278303).
文摘To tackle the issue of notch frequency and center frequency drift of the L(0,1)mode guided wave in ultra⁃sonic guided wave⁃based stress monitoring of prestressed steel strands,a method using higher⁃order mode plateau fre⁃quencies is adopted.First,the correlation between group velocity peaks and phase velocities at these plateau frequen⁃cies is analyzed.This analysis establishes a quantitative rela⁃tionship between phase velocity and stress in the steel strand,providing a theoretical foundation for stress monitor⁃ing.Then the two⁃dimensional Fourier transform is em⁃ployed to separate wave modes.Dynamic programming techniques are applied in the frequency⁃velocity domain to extract higher⁃order modes.By identifying the group veloc⁃ity peaks of these separated higher⁃order modes,the plateau frequencies of guided waves are determined,enabling indi⁃rect measurement of stress in the steel strand.To validate this method,finite element simulations are conducted under three scenarios.Results show that the higher⁃order modes of transient signals from three different positions can be ac⁃curately extracted,leading to successful cable stress moni⁃toring.This approach effectively circumvents the issue of guided wave frequency drift and improves stress monitoring accuracy.Consequently,it significantly improves the appli⁃cation of ultrasonic guided wave technology in structural health monitoring.
基金Supported by the Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Plan Project,No.2020ZDLSF01-02.
文摘BACKGROUND At present,the conventional methods for diagnosing cerebral edema in clinical practice are computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),which can evaluate the location and degree of peripheral cerebral edema,but cannot realize quantification.When patients have symptoms of diffuse cerebral edema or high cranial pressure,CT or MRI often suggests that cerebral edema is lagging and cannot be dynamically monitored in real time.Intracranial pressure monitoring is the gold standard,but it is an invasive operation with high cost and complications.For clinical purposes,the ideal cerebral edema monitoring should be non-invasive,real-time,bedside,and continuous dynamic monitoring.The dis-turbance coefficient(DC)was used in this study to dynamically monitor the occu-rrence,development,and evolution of cerebral edema in patients with cerebral hemorrhage in real time,and review head CT or MRI to evaluate the development of the disease and guide further treatment,so as to improve the prognosis of patients with cerebral hemorrhage.AIM To offer a promising new approach for non-invasive adjuvant therapy in cerebral edema treatment.METHODS A total of 160 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery,Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University from September 2018 to September 2019 were recruited.The patients were randomly divided into a control group(n=80)and an experimental group(n=80).Patients in the control group received conventional empirical treatment,while those in the experimental group were treated with mannitol dehydration under the guidance of DC.Subsequently,we compared the two groups with regards to the total dosage of mannitol,the total course of treatment,the incidence of complications,and prognosis.RESULTS The mean daily consumption of mannitol,the total course of treatment,and the mean hospitalization days were 362.7±117.7 mL,14.8±5.2 days,and 29.4±7.9 in the control group and 283.1±93.6 mL,11.8±4.2 days,and 23.9±8.3 in the experimental group(P<0.05).In the control group,there were 20 patients with pulmonary infection(25%),30 with electrolyte disturbance(37.5%),20 with renal impairment(25%),and 16 with stress ulcer(20%).In the experimental group,pulmonary infection occurred in 18 patients(22.5%),electrolyte disturbance in 6(7.5%),renal impairment in 2(2.5%),and stress ulcers in 15(18.8%)(P<0.05).According to the Glasgow coma scale score 6 months after discharge,the prognosis of the control group was good in 20 patients(25%),fair in 26(32.5%),and poor in 34(42.5%);the prognosis of the experimental group was good in 32(40%),fair in 36(45%),and poor in 12(15%)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Using DC for non-invasive dynamic monitoring of cerebral edema demonstrates considerable clinical potential.It reduces mannitol dosage,treatment duration,complication rates,and hospital stays,ultimately lowering hospital-ization costs.Additionally,it improves overall patient prognosis,offering a promising new approach for non-invasive adjuvant therapy in cerebral edema treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52303257,52321006,T2394480,and T2394484)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0111500)+3 种基金Key Research&Development and Promotion of Special Project(Scientific Problem Tackling)of Henan Province(242102211090)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023TQ0300,and 2023M743171)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade B)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZB20230666)College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Zhengzhou University(202410459200)。
文摘Flexible wearable optoelectronic devices fabricated fromorganic–inorganic hybrid perovskites significantly accelerate the developmentof portable energy,biomedicine,and sensing fields,but their poor thermal stabilityhinders further applications.Conversely,all-inorganic perovskites possessexcellent thermal stability,but black-phase all-inorganic perovskite filmusually requires high-temperature annealing steps,which increases energy consumptionand is not conducive to the fabrication of flexible wearable devices.In this work,an unprecedented low-temperature fabrication of stable blackphaseCsPbI3perovskite films is demonstrated by the in situ hydrolysis reactionof diphenylphosphinic chloride additive.The released diphenyl phosphateand chloride ions during the hydrolysis reaction significantly lower the phasetransition temperature and effectively passivate the defects in the perovskitefilms,yielding high-performance photodetectors with a responsivity of 42.1 AW−1 and a detectivity of 1.3×10^(14)Jones.Furthermore,high-fidelity imageand photoplethysmography sensors are demonstrated based on the fabricated flexible wearable photodetectors.This work provides a newperspective for the low-temperature fabrication of large-area all-inorganic perovskite flexible optoelectronic devices.
基金the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U23A2060,42177143 and 42277461).
文摘Surrounding rock deterioration and large deformation have always been a significant difficulty in designing and constructing tunnels in soft rock.The key lies in real-time perception and quantitative assessment of the damaged area around the tunnel.An in situ microseismic(MS)monitoring system is established in the plateau soft tock tunnel.This technique facilitates spatiotemporal monitoring of the rock mass's fracturing expansion and squeezing deformation,which agree well with field convergence deformation results.The formation mechanisms of progressive failure evolution of soft rock tunnels were discussed and analyzed with MS data and numerical results.The results demonstrate that:(1)Localized stress concentration and layered rock result in significant asymmetry in micro-fractures propagation in the tunnel radial section.As excavation continues,the fracture extension area extends into the deep surrounding rockmass on the east side affected by the weak bedding;(2)Tunnel excavation and long-term deformation can induce tensile shear action on the rock mass,vertical tension fractures(account for 45%)exist in deep rockmass,which play a crucial role in controlling the macroscopic failure of surrounding rock;and(3)Based on the radiated MS energy,a three-dimensional model was created to visualize the damage zone of the tunnel surrounding rock.The model depicted varying degrees of damage,and three high damage zones were identified.Generally,the depth of high damage zone ranged from 4 m to 12 m.This study may be a valuable reference for the warning and controlling of large deformations in similar projects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52373093 and 12072325)the Outstanding Youth Fund of Henan Province(No.242300421062)+1 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFA0706802)the 111 project(No.D18023).
文摘With the rapid development of wearable electronic skin technology, flexible strain sensors have shown great application prospects in the fields of human motion and physiological signal detection, medical diagnostics, and human-computer interaction owing to their outstanding sensing performance. This paper reports a strain sensor with synergistic conductive network, consisting of stable carbon nanotube dispersion (CNT) layer and brittle MXene layer by dip-coating and electrostatic self-assembly method, and breathable three-dimensional (3D) flexible substrate of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fibrous membrane prepared through electrospinning technology. The MXene/CNT@PDA-TPU (MC@p-TPU) flexible strain sensor had excellent air permeability, wide operating range (0–450 %), high sensitivity (Gauge Factor, GFmax = 8089.7), ultra-low detection limit (0.05 %), rapid response and recovery times (40 ms/60 ms), and excellent cycle stability and durability (10,000 cycles). Given its superior strain sensing capabilities, this sensor can be applied in physiological signals detection, human motion pattern recognition, and driving exoskeleton robots. In addition, MC@p-TPU fibrous membrane also exhibited excellent photothermal conversion performance and can be used as a wearable photo-heater, which has far-reaching application potential in the photothermal therapy of human joint diseases.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62125306)Zhejiang Key Research and Development Project(2024C01163)the State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology,China(ICT2024A06)
文摘In recent decades,control performance monitoring(CPM)has experienced remarkable progress in research and industrial applications.While CPM research has been investigated using various benchmarks,the historical data benchmark(HIS)has garnered the most attention due to its practicality and effectiveness.However,existing CPM reviews usually focus on the theoretical benchmark,and there is a lack of an in-depth review that thoroughly explores HIS-based methods.In this article,a comprehensive overview of HIS-based CPM is provided.First,we provide a novel static-dynamic perspective on data-level manifestations of control performance underlying typical controller capacities including regulation and servo:static and dynamic properties.The static property portrays time-independent variability in system output,and the dynamic property describes temporal behavior driven by closed-loop feedback.Accordingly,existing HIS-based CPM approaches and their intrinsic motivations are classified and analyzed from these two perspectives.Specifically,two mainstream solutions for CPM methods are summarized,including static analysis and dynamic analysis,which match data-driven techniques with actual controlling behavior.Furthermore,this paper also points out various opportunities and challenges faced in CPM for modern industry and provides promising directions in the context of artificial intelligence for inspiring future research.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2023YFB3709605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62073193)the National College Student Innovation Training Program(No.202310422122)。
文摘Potential high-temperature risks exist in heat-prone components of electric moped charging devices,such as sockets,interfaces,and controllers.Traditional detection methods have limitations in terms of real-time performance and monitoring scope.To address this,a temperature detection method based on infrared image processing has been proposed:utilizing the median filtering algorithm to denoise the original infrared image,then applying an image segmentation algorithm to divide the image.
文摘In order to address the current inability of screen printing to monitor printing pressure online,an online printing pressure monitoring system applied to screen printing machines was designed in this study.In this study,the consistency of printed electrodes was measured by using a confocal microscope and the pressure distribution detected by online pressure monitoring system was compared to investigate the relationship.The results demonstrated the relationship between printing pressure and the consistency of printed electrodes.As printing pressure increases,the ink layer at the corresponding position becomes thicker and that higher printing pressure enhances the consistency of the printed electrodes.The experiment confirms the feasibility of the online pressure monitoring system,which aids in predicting and controlling the consistency of printed electrodes,thereby improving their performance.
