This year’s WSD draws attention to par tnerships for the SDGs.Therefore,China Association for Standardization(CAS)held the inauguration ceremony of the professional committee on smart elderly care facilities on Octob...This year’s WSD draws attention to par tnerships for the SDGs.Therefore,China Association for Standardization(CAS)held the inauguration ceremony of the professional committee on smart elderly care facilities on October 11 in Shenzhen.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To develop an automated system for identifying and classifying constitution types in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)by leveraging multi-model fusion algorithms.METHODS:A condensed version of a physical inf...OBJECTIVE:To develop an automated system for identifying and classifying constitution types in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)by leveraging multi-model fusion algorithms.METHODS:A condensed version of a physical information collection form was designed to facilitate efficient data acquisition.The collected data were analyzed using a multi-model fusion approach,which integrated several machine learning techniques.These included support vector machines,Naive Bayes,decision trees,random forests,logistic regression,multilayer perceptrons,K-nearest neighbors,gradient boosting,adaptive ensemble learning,and recurrent neural networks.A soft voting strategy was used to combine the predictive outputs of each model,enabling the selection of the most effective model combination.RESULTS:The classification models demonstrated consistent and robust performance across most TCM constitution types when enhanced by the multi-model fusion strategy.In particular,high levels of accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score were achieved for constitution types such as Yang deficiency,Qi deficiency,and Qi stagnation.However,the classification performance for the Yin deficiency constitution was relatively lower,indicating the need for further refinement and optimization in future research.CONCLUSION:This study introduces a novel,automated method for classifying TCM constitution types through the application of multi-model fusion algorithms.The approach simplifies the complex task of constitution identification while offering a practical and theoretical framework for the intelligent diagnosis of TCM body types.The findings have the potential to enhance personalized health management and support clinical decision-making in TCM diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to achieve rapid and accurate detection of protein content in rice with a particle size of 1.0 mm.[Methods]A multi-model fusion strategy was proposed on the basis of Stacking ensem...[Objectives]This study was conducted to achieve rapid and accurate detection of protein content in rice with a particle size of 1.0 mm.[Methods]A multi-model fusion strategy was proposed on the basis of Stacking ensemble learning.A base learner pool was constructed,containing Partial Least Squares(PLS),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Deep Extreme Learning Machine(DELM),Random Forest(RF),Gradient Boosting Decision Tree(GBDT),and Multilayer Perceptron(MLP).PLS,DELM,and Linear Regression(LR)were used as meta-learner candidates.Employing integer coding technology,systematic dynamic combinations of base learners and meta-learners were generated,resulting in a total of 40 non-repetitive fusion models.The optimal combination was selected through a comprehensive evaluation based on multiple assessment indicators.[Results]The combination"PLS-DELM-MLP-LR"(code 1367)achieved coefficients of determination of 0.9732 and 0.9780 on the validation set and independent test set,respectively,with relative root mean square errors of 2.35%and 2.36%,and residual predictive deviations of 6.1075 and 6.7479,respectively.[Conclusions]The Stacking fusion model significantly enhances the predictive accuracy and robustness of spectral quantitative analysis,providing an efficient and feasible solution for modeling complex agricultural product spectral data.展开更多
On the premise that the goal and nature of work remain the same,in order to desalt the regional culture of Europe,it took the internationalism road of pervasive value,thus the International Committee for the Organizat...On the premise that the goal and nature of work remain the same,in order to desalt the regional culture of Europe,it took the internationalism road of pervasive value,thus the International Committee for the Organization of the Pierre de Coubertin Fair Play Awards was renamed as International Fair Play Committee.展开更多
The International Fair Play Committee(CFIP) is committed to promote the social communication and development of the spirit of fair play and strive for the creation of a peaceful and beautiful word.This paper discusses...The International Fair Play Committee(CFIP) is committed to promote the social communication and development of the spirit of fair play and strive for the creation of a peaceful and beautiful word.This paper discusses the CIFP's disregard of Fair Starting so as to lay foundation for further understanding of CIFP and its nature of work by taking the historical motivation and legality of CIFP as the cut-in point from the critical perspective.It suggests that CIFP should tamp the ideal of fair play,re-establish the fair play value system,and conduct effective reform of organization and cause correspondingly instead of becoming agent of European centralism and American hegemonism.展开更多
Presented is a multiple model soft sensing method based on Affinity Propagation （AP）, Gaussian process （GP） and Bayesian committee machine （BCM）. AP clustering arithmetic is used to cluster training samples acco...Presented is a multiple model soft sensing method based on Affinity Propagation （AP）, Gaussian process （GP） and Bayesian committee machine （BCM）. AP clustering arithmetic is used to cluster training samples according to their operating points. Then, the sub-models are estimated by Gaussian Process Regression （GPR）. Finally, in order to get a global probabilistic prediction, Bayesian committee mactnne is used to combine the outputs of the sub-estimators. The proposed method has been applied to predict the light naphtha end point in hydrocracker fractionators. Practical applications indicate that it is useful for the online prediction of quality monitoring in chemical processes.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the changes in the 8^(th) edition American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC) for defining stage?ⅠB and?ⅡA pancreatic cancer and identify their prognostic factors.METHODS Pancreatic cancer patients were...AIM To evaluate the changes in the 8^(th) edition American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC) for defining stage?ⅠB and?ⅡA pancreatic cancer and identify their prognostic factors.METHODS Pancreatic cancer patients were selected from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database(1973-2013). The enrolled patients were divided into?ⅠB and?ⅡA groups based on tumor size according to the 8^(th) edition AJCC criteria. Clinical characteristics, including age, gender, race, tumor size, primary site, and grade were summarized. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the prognostic factors of the?ⅠB and?ⅡA stages of pancreatic cancer under new criteria.RESULTS A total of 1349 pancreatic cancer patients were included. More patients had stage?ⅠB rather than stage?ⅡA. Stage?ⅠB tumors(54.85%) were mainly located in the head of the pancreas, while stage?ⅡA tumors were more often located in the tail and head of the pancreas(35.21% and 31.75%, respectively). The survival time of stage?ⅠB and?ⅡA patients had no significant difference. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that the prognostic factors of survival for stage?ⅠB and?ⅡA patients were different. for stage?ⅠB patients, age and primary site were the independent prognostic factors; for stage?ⅡA patients, age and grade were the independent prognostic factors. The risk of death was lower among patients aged ≤ 65 years than those aged > 65 years.CONCLUSION The prognostic factors for stage?ⅠB and?ⅡA patients are different, but age is the independent prognostic factor for all patients. The survival time of stage?ⅠB and?ⅡA patients has no significant difference.展开更多
In consultative committee for space data systems(CCSDS)file delivery protocol(CFDP)recommendation of reliable transmission,there are no detail transmission procedure and delay calculation of prompted negative acknowle...In consultative committee for space data systems(CCSDS)file delivery protocol(CFDP)recommendation of reliable transmission,there are no detail transmission procedure and delay calculation of prompted negative acknowledge and asynchronous negative acknowledge models.CFDP is designed to provide data and storage management,story and forward,custody transfer and reliable end-to-end delivery over deep space characterized by huge latency,intermittent link,asymmetric bandwidth and big bit error rate(BER).Four reliable transmission models are analyzed and an expected file-delivery time is calculated with different trans-mission rates,numbers and sizes of packet data units,BERs and frequencies of external events,etc.By comparison of four CFDP models,the requirement of BER for typical missions in deep space is obtained and rules of choosing CFDP models under different uplink state informations are given,which provides references for protocol models selection,utilization and modification.展开更多
On September 20,2019,the 9th editorial committee of Naihuo Cailiao(Refractories,Chinese bimonthly)and the 6th editorial committee of China's refractories(English quarterly)were established in Liuzhou,Guangxi,China.
In the paper,the researches on the administration scope,the leadership style of the village party branch,the core status of village party branch and the autonomy of villagers′committee are expounded.On the basis of t...In the paper,the researches on the administration scope,the leadership style of the village party branch,the core status of village party branch and the autonomy of villagers′committee are expounded.On the basis of the empirical investigation of countryside in Sichuan Province,the offside and vacancy of the administration of the"two committees in village"in the villagers′autonomy are studied tentatively.The results show that the offside and vacancy of the"two committees in village"can be divided into three types,covering the village party branch-dominated,the villagers′committee-dominated type and the antagonism of the two village committees.The reasons for the offside and vacancy of administration of the"two committees in village"are analyzed,including the fragility of the two committees of the village;the imbalanced power sources of the two committees of the village;the imbalance of the competition for interests of the two committees and the negative effects of traditional politics and culture.The countermeasures are put forward,for example,reinforcing the system construction of rural grassroots organizations;expanding the democratic election modes such as"two-vote system"and"selecting one from the two recommended";establishing the coordinative and supervisory mechanisms between the two committees in the village and introducing into college-graduate village officials to improve the quality of rural cadres.展开更多
1工作委员会1(WOC 1)1.2子文件夹671.Current Status and Prospect of Exploration and Development of Tight Sand Gas in China中国探测和开发致密砂岩气的现状和前景(共6页)2.Industrial Development of GAZPROM's Unique Fields...1工作委员会1(WOC 1)1.2子文件夹671.Current Status and Prospect of Exploration and Development of Tight Sand Gas in China中国探测和开发致密砂岩气的现状和前景(共6页)2.Industrial Development of GAZPROM's Unique Fields of East Siberia:Challenges and Ways to Address Them俄罗斯天然气股份公司东西伯利亚特有气田的产业进展:面临的挑战和定位方法(共7页)3.The Potential of Shale Gas Plays in展开更多
BACKGROUND In order to improve risk stratification and clinical management of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)has published its eighth edition staging manual.Some...BACKGROUND In order to improve risk stratification and clinical management of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)has published its eighth edition staging manual.Some major changes have been introduced in the new staging system for both T and N categories.Given the rarity of resectable disease,distal pancreatic cancer is likely underrepresented in the published clinical studies,and how the impact of the staging system actually reflects on to clinical outcomes remain unclear.AIM To validate the AJCC 8th edition of TNM staging in distal PDAC.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed in seven academic medical centers in the United States.Clinicopathological prognostic factors associated with progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)were evaluated through univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTS Overall,454 patients were enrolled in the study,and were divided into 2 subgroups:Invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(IPMN)(115 cases)and non-IPMN associated adenocarcinoma(339 cases).Compared to invasive IPMN,non-IPMN associated adenocarcinomas are more common in relatively younger patients,have larger tumor size,are more likely to have positive lymph nodes,and are associated with a higher tumor(T)stage and nodal(N)stage,lymphovascular invasion,perineural invasion,tumor recurrence,and a worse PFS and OS.The cohort was predominantly categorized as stage 3 per AJCC 7th edition staging manual,and it’s more evenly distributed based on 8th edition staging manual.T and N staging of both 7th and 8th edition sufficiently stratify PFS and OS in the entire cohort,although dividing into N1 and N2 according to the 8th edition does not show additional stratification.For PDAC arising in IPMN,T staging of the 7th edition and N1/N2 staging of the 8th edition appear to further stratify PFS and OS.For PDAC without an IPMN component,T staging from both versions fails to stratify PFS and OS.CONCLUSION The AJCC 8th edition TNM staging system provides even distribution for the T staging,however,it does not provide better risk stratification than previous staging system for distal pancreatic cancer.展开更多
This paper presents the results from a survey of first-level hospitals in Urumqi,China.The survey had two parts:the first part was aimed at understanding the operation of the ethics committees of first-level hospitals...This paper presents the results from a survey of first-level hospitals in Urumqi,China.The survey had two parts:the first part was aimed at understanding the operation of the ethics committees of first-level hospitals,including the process for electing members and the variety of members' backgrounds.Information was also gathered about the establishment of criteria,operational rules and regulations,and standard operational procedures.The aim of the second part was to investigate the level of understanding among technicians and doctors about the function of the ethics committees.This paper identifies and analyzes some deficiencies found in the operation of hospital ethics committees,offers some constructive suggestions for improvement,and promotes the role of the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region hospital ethics committees.展开更多
1.Introduction Spectacular advances have been made in the atmospheric sciences on a global level during a period of one hundred years or more,which is arguably most evident through"the quiet revolution of numeric...1.Introduction Spectacular advances have been made in the atmospheric sciences on a global level during a period of one hundred years or more,which is arguably most evident through"the quiet revolution of numerical weather prediction"(Bauer et展开更多
In order to further strengthen the construction and improvement of villager autonomy system with democratic election,democratic decision making,democratic management,and democratic supervision of rural two committees ...In order to further strengthen the construction and improvement of villager autonomy system with democratic election,democratic decision making,democratic management,and democratic supervision of rural two committees with Chinese characteristics,experience of work team of Longyang District Agricultural Technology Extension Station dispatched to villager committees( or offices) and their guidance on election of rural two committees in 2007-2016 were used,and exploration was made for election of rural two committees from the third to the sixth committees. It summarized achievements and main problems in election of rural two committees and came up with pertinent recommendations.The results of this study are expected to provide certain reference for theory and practice of future villager autonomy.展开更多
Part One:Chairman,Vice Chairpersons and Secretary General of the Committee Chairman:Prof.Hou Zengqian Vice President National Natural Science Foundation of China83 Shuangqing Road,Haidian District Beijing 100085,China...Part One:Chairman,Vice Chairpersons and Secretary General of the Committee Chairman:Prof.Hou Zengqian Vice President National Natural Science Foundation of China83 Shuangqing Road,Haidian District Beijing 100085,China Tel:+86-(10)-6899-0617Fax:+86-(10)-6899-7803E-mail:houzengqian@126.com.展开更多
文摘This year’s WSD draws attention to par tnerships for the SDGs.Therefore,China Association for Standardization(CAS)held the inauguration ceremony of the professional committee on smart elderly care facilities on October 11 in Shenzhen.
基金Supported by Traditional Chinese Medicine Standardization Project of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Research on the Physical Characteristics and Pre-disease Health Management of the Elderly in Hubei Province(No.GZY-FJS-2022-046)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To develop an automated system for identifying and classifying constitution types in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)by leveraging multi-model fusion algorithms.METHODS:A condensed version of a physical information collection form was designed to facilitate efficient data acquisition.The collected data were analyzed using a multi-model fusion approach,which integrated several machine learning techniques.These included support vector machines,Naive Bayes,decision trees,random forests,logistic regression,multilayer perceptrons,K-nearest neighbors,gradient boosting,adaptive ensemble learning,and recurrent neural networks.A soft voting strategy was used to combine the predictive outputs of each model,enabling the selection of the most effective model combination.RESULTS:The classification models demonstrated consistent and robust performance across most TCM constitution types when enhanced by the multi-model fusion strategy.In particular,high levels of accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score were achieved for constitution types such as Yang deficiency,Qi deficiency,and Qi stagnation.However,the classification performance for the Yin deficiency constitution was relatively lower,indicating the need for further refinement and optimization in future research.CONCLUSION:This study introduces a novel,automated method for classifying TCM constitution types through the application of multi-model fusion algorithms.The approach simplifies the complex task of constitution identification while offering a practical and theoretical framework for the intelligent diagnosis of TCM body types.The findings have the potential to enhance personalized health management and support clinical decision-making in TCM diagnosis and treatment.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to achieve rapid and accurate detection of protein content in rice with a particle size of 1.0 mm.[Methods]A multi-model fusion strategy was proposed on the basis of Stacking ensemble learning.A base learner pool was constructed,containing Partial Least Squares(PLS),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Deep Extreme Learning Machine(DELM),Random Forest(RF),Gradient Boosting Decision Tree(GBDT),and Multilayer Perceptron(MLP).PLS,DELM,and Linear Regression(LR)were used as meta-learner candidates.Employing integer coding technology,systematic dynamic combinations of base learners and meta-learners were generated,resulting in a total of 40 non-repetitive fusion models.The optimal combination was selected through a comprehensive evaluation based on multiple assessment indicators.[Results]The combination"PLS-DELM-MLP-LR"(code 1367)achieved coefficients of determination of 0.9732 and 0.9780 on the validation set and independent test set,respectively,with relative root mean square errors of 2.35%and 2.36%,and residual predictive deviations of 6.1075 and 6.7479,respectively.[Conclusions]The Stacking fusion model significantly enhances the predictive accuracy and robustness of spectral quantitative analysis,providing an efficient and feasible solution for modeling complex agricultural product spectral data.
文摘On the premise that the goal and nature of work remain the same,in order to desalt the regional culture of Europe,it took the internationalism road of pervasive value,thus the International Committee for the Organization of the Pierre de Coubertin Fair Play Awards was renamed as International Fair Play Committee.
文摘The International Fair Play Committee(CFIP) is committed to promote the social communication and development of the spirit of fair play and strive for the creation of a peaceful and beautiful word.This paper discusses the CIFP's disregard of Fair Starting so as to lay foundation for further understanding of CIFP and its nature of work by taking the historical motivation and legality of CIFP as the cut-in point from the critical perspective.It suggests that CIFP should tamp the ideal of fair play,re-establish the fair play value system,and conduct effective reform of organization and cause correspondingly instead of becoming agent of European centralism and American hegemonism.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2006AA040309)National BasicResearch Program of China (2007CB714000)
文摘Presented is a multiple model soft sensing method based on Affinity Propagation （AP）, Gaussian process （GP） and Bayesian committee machine （BCM）. AP clustering arithmetic is used to cluster training samples according to their operating points. Then, the sub-models are estimated by Gaussian Process Regression （GPR）. Finally, in order to get a global probabilistic prediction, Bayesian committee mactnne is used to combine the outputs of the sub-estimators. The proposed method has been applied to predict the light naphtha end point in hydrocracker fractionators. Practical applications indicate that it is useful for the online prediction of quality monitoring in chemical processes.
文摘AIM To evaluate the changes in the 8^(th) edition American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC) for defining stage?ⅠB and?ⅡA pancreatic cancer and identify their prognostic factors.METHODS Pancreatic cancer patients were selected from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database(1973-2013). The enrolled patients were divided into?ⅠB and?ⅡA groups based on tumor size according to the 8^(th) edition AJCC criteria. Clinical characteristics, including age, gender, race, tumor size, primary site, and grade were summarized. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the prognostic factors of the?ⅠB and?ⅡA stages of pancreatic cancer under new criteria.RESULTS A total of 1349 pancreatic cancer patients were included. More patients had stage?ⅠB rather than stage?ⅡA. Stage?ⅠB tumors(54.85%) were mainly located in the head of the pancreas, while stage?ⅡA tumors were more often located in the tail and head of the pancreas(35.21% and 31.75%, respectively). The survival time of stage?ⅠB and?ⅡA patients had no significant difference. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that the prognostic factors of survival for stage?ⅠB and?ⅡA patients were different. for stage?ⅠB patients, age and primary site were the independent prognostic factors; for stage?ⅡA patients, age and grade were the independent prognostic factors. The risk of death was lower among patients aged ≤ 65 years than those aged > 65 years.CONCLUSION The prognostic factors for stage?ⅠB and?ⅡA patients are different, but age is the independent prognostic factor for all patients. The survival time of stage?ⅠB and?ⅡA patients has no significant difference.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fandation of China (60672089,60772075)
文摘In consultative committee for space data systems(CCSDS)file delivery protocol(CFDP)recommendation of reliable transmission,there are no detail transmission procedure and delay calculation of prompted negative acknowledge and asynchronous negative acknowledge models.CFDP is designed to provide data and storage management,story and forward,custody transfer and reliable end-to-end delivery over deep space characterized by huge latency,intermittent link,asymmetric bandwidth and big bit error rate(BER).Four reliable transmission models are analyzed and an expected file-delivery time is calculated with different trans-mission rates,numbers and sizes of packet data units,BERs and frequencies of external events,etc.By comparison of four CFDP models,the requirement of BER for typical missions in deep space is obtained and rules of choosing CFDP models under different uplink state informations are given,which provides references for protocol models selection,utilization and modification.
文摘On September 20,2019,the 9th editorial committee of Naihuo Cailiao(Refractories,Chinese bimonthly)and the 6th editorial committee of China's refractories(English quarterly)were established in Liuzhou,Guangxi,China.
文摘In the paper,the researches on the administration scope,the leadership style of the village party branch,the core status of village party branch and the autonomy of villagers′committee are expounded.On the basis of the empirical investigation of countryside in Sichuan Province,the offside and vacancy of the administration of the"two committees in village"in the villagers′autonomy are studied tentatively.The results show that the offside and vacancy of the"two committees in village"can be divided into three types,covering the village party branch-dominated,the villagers′committee-dominated type and the antagonism of the two village committees.The reasons for the offside and vacancy of administration of the"two committees in village"are analyzed,including the fragility of the two committees of the village;the imbalanced power sources of the two committees of the village;the imbalance of the competition for interests of the two committees and the negative effects of traditional politics and culture.The countermeasures are put forward,for example,reinforcing the system construction of rural grassroots organizations;expanding the democratic election modes such as"two-vote system"and"selecting one from the two recommended";establishing the coordinative and supervisory mechanisms between the two committees in the village and introducing into college-graduate village officials to improve the quality of rural cadres.
文摘1工作委员会1(WOC 1)1.2子文件夹671.Current Status and Prospect of Exploration and Development of Tight Sand Gas in China中国探测和开发致密砂岩气的现状和前景(共6页)2.Industrial Development of GAZPROM's Unique Fields of East Siberia:Challenges and Ways to Address Them俄罗斯天然气股份公司东西伯利亚特有气田的产业进展:面临的挑战和定位方法(共7页)3.The Potential of Shale Gas Plays in
文摘BACKGROUND In order to improve risk stratification and clinical management of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)has published its eighth edition staging manual.Some major changes have been introduced in the new staging system for both T and N categories.Given the rarity of resectable disease,distal pancreatic cancer is likely underrepresented in the published clinical studies,and how the impact of the staging system actually reflects on to clinical outcomes remain unclear.AIM To validate the AJCC 8th edition of TNM staging in distal PDAC.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed in seven academic medical centers in the United States.Clinicopathological prognostic factors associated with progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)were evaluated through univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTS Overall,454 patients were enrolled in the study,and were divided into 2 subgroups:Invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(IPMN)(115 cases)and non-IPMN associated adenocarcinoma(339 cases).Compared to invasive IPMN,non-IPMN associated adenocarcinomas are more common in relatively younger patients,have larger tumor size,are more likely to have positive lymph nodes,and are associated with a higher tumor(T)stage and nodal(N)stage,lymphovascular invasion,perineural invasion,tumor recurrence,and a worse PFS and OS.The cohort was predominantly categorized as stage 3 per AJCC 7th edition staging manual,and it’s more evenly distributed based on 8th edition staging manual.T and N staging of both 7th and 8th edition sufficiently stratify PFS and OS in the entire cohort,although dividing into N1 and N2 according to the 8th edition does not show additional stratification.For PDAC arising in IPMN,T staging of the 7th edition and N1/N2 staging of the 8th edition appear to further stratify PFS and OS.For PDAC without an IPMN component,T staging from both versions fails to stratify PFS and OS.CONCLUSION The AJCC 8th edition TNM staging system provides even distribution for the T staging,however,it does not provide better risk stratification than previous staging system for distal pancreatic cancer.
基金Project (No. 12XSH010) supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China
文摘This paper presents the results from a survey of first-level hospitals in Urumqi,China.The survey had two parts:the first part was aimed at understanding the operation of the ethics committees of first-level hospitals,including the process for electing members and the variety of members' backgrounds.Information was also gathered about the establishment of criteria,operational rules and regulations,and standard operational procedures.The aim of the second part was to investigate the level of understanding among technicians and doctors about the function of the ethics committees.This paper identifies and analyzes some deficiencies found in the operation of hospital ethics committees,offers some constructive suggestions for improvement,and promotes the role of the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region hospital ethics committees.
基金Support for this study was provided by the “Waves to Weather” initiative (SFB/TRR 165) of the German Research Foundation (DFG)
文摘1.Introduction Spectacular advances have been made in the atmospheric sciences on a global level during a period of one hundred years or more,which is arguably most evident through"the quiet revolution of numerical weather prediction"(Bauer et
基金Supported by Reform and Construction Subsidy Project of National Grassroots Agricultural Extension System[Guo Fa(2006)30Yun Zheng Fa(2007)85]+1 种基金Project for Construction of Modern Agricultural Rice and Maize Industry Technology System in Yunnan Province[Yun Nong Ke Zi(2009)53Yun Cai Nong(2009)171]
文摘In order to further strengthen the construction and improvement of villager autonomy system with democratic election,democratic decision making,democratic management,and democratic supervision of rural two committees with Chinese characteristics,experience of work team of Longyang District Agricultural Technology Extension Station dispatched to villager committees( or offices) and their guidance on election of rural two committees in 2007-2016 were used,and exploration was made for election of rural two committees from the third to the sixth committees. It summarized achievements and main problems in election of rural two committees and came up with pertinent recommendations.The results of this study are expected to provide certain reference for theory and practice of future villager autonomy.
文摘Part One:Chairman,Vice Chairpersons and Secretary General of the Committee Chairman:Prof.Hou Zengqian Vice President National Natural Science Foundation of China83 Shuangqing Road,Haidian District Beijing 100085,China Tel:+86-(10)-6899-0617Fax:+86-(10)-6899-7803E-mail:houzengqian@126.com.
