Metal organic framework(MOF) assembled with coordination bonds has the disadvantage of poor stability that limits its application in the field of stationary phase,while covalent organic framework(COF)assembled through...Metal organic framework(MOF) assembled with coordination bonds has the disadvantage of poor stability that limits its application in the field of stationary phase,while covalent organic framework(COF)assembled through covalent bonds exhibits excellent structural stability.It has been shown that the stationary phases prepared by combining MOF and COF can make up for the poor stability of MOF@SiO_(2),and the MOF/COF composites have superior chromatographic separation performance.However,the traditional methods for preparing COF/MOF based stationary phases are generally solvent thermal synthesis.In this study,a green and low-cost synthesis method was proposed for the preparation of MOF/COF@SiO_(2) stationary phase.Firstly,COF@SiO_(2) was prepared in a choline chloride/ethylene glycol based deep eutectic solvent(DES).Secondly,another acid-base tunable DES prepared by mixing p-toluenesulfonic acid(PTSA)and 2-methylimidazole in different proportions was introduced as the reaction solvent and reactant for rapid synthesis of MOF/COF@SiO_(2).Compared with the toxic transition metal-based MOFs selected in most previous studies,a lightweight and non-toxic S-zone metal(calcium) based MOF was employed in this study.PTSA and calcium will form the calcium/oxygen-containing organic acid framework in acidic DES,which assembles with terephthalic acid dissolved in basic DES to form MOF.The strong hydrogen bonding effect of DES can facilitate rapid assembly of Ca-MOF.The obtained Ca-MOF/COF@SiO_(2) can be used for multi-mode chromatography to efficiently separate multiple isomeric/hydrophilic/hydrophobic analytes.The synthesis method of Ca-MOF/COF@SiO_(2) is green and mild,especially the use of acid-base tunable DES promotes the rapid synthesis of non-toxic Ca-MOF/COF@silica composites,which offers an innovative approach of greenly synthesizing novel MOF/COF stationary phases and extends their applications in the field of chromatography.展开更多
The flow behavior of molten steel in the thin slab mold under high casting speed conditions was investigated,with a focus on the multi-mode continuous casting and rolling mold.A steel-slag two-phase flow model was est...The flow behavior of molten steel in the thin slab mold under high casting speed conditions was investigated,with a focus on the multi-mode continuous casting and rolling mold.A steel-slag two-phase flow model was established using large eddy simulation,the volume of fluid,and magnetohydrodynamics methods through numerical simulation.The maximum flow velocity and wave height at the steel-slag interface within the mold are critical evaluation criteria for analyzing asymmetric flow under varying casting speeds and electromagnetic braking.The results indicate that the asymmetric flows within the mold do not occur synchronously.The severity of the asymmetric flow correlates with the velocity difference across the steel-slag interface.A greater biased flow prolongs the time required to revert to a steady state.When the magnetic field intensity is set to 0.24 T and the magnetic pole position is at 390 mm from the steel-slag interface,this configuration can reduce the velocity of the steel-slag interface,thereby mitigating the asymmetric flow.Additionally,it can diminish the velocity,impact depth,and impact intensity on the narrow face of the jet,thus improving the distribution of velocity and turbulent kinetic energy within the mold.This configuration prolongs the time required for the steel-slag interface to transition from a stable state to its maximum velocity and shortens the time for the interface to return to stability from an unstable state.Moreover,it ensures the positional stability of the steel-slag interface,confining its position within−3 mm.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs)-based composites have shown impressive performance in fields of information encryption and sensing,however,a great challenge is to simultaneously implement multi-mode luminescence and room-temperature...Carbon dots(CDs)-based composites have shown impressive performance in fields of information encryption and sensing,however,a great challenge is to simultaneously implement multi-mode luminescence and room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP)detection in single system due to the formidable synthesis.Herein,a multifunctional composite of Eu&CDs@p RHO has been designed by co-assembly strategy and prepared via a facile calcination and impregnation treatment.Eu&CDs@p RHO exhibits intense fluorescence(FL)and RTP coming from two individual luminous centers,Eu3+in the free pores and CDs in the interrupted structure of RHO zeolite.Unique four-mode color outputs including pink(Eu^(3+),ex.254 nm),light violet(CDs,ex.365 nm),blue(CDs,254 nm off),and green(CDs,365 nm off)could be realized,on the basis of it,a preliminary application of advanced information encoding has been demonstrated.Given the free pores of matrix and stable RTP in water of confined CDs,a visual RTP detection of Fe^(3+)ions is achieved with the detection limit as low as 9.8μmol/L.This work has opened up a new perspective for the strategic amalgamation of luminous vips with porous zeolite to construct the advanced functional materials.展开更多
Prostate cancer(PCa)is characterized by high incidence and propensity for easy metastasis,presenting significant challenges in clinical diagnosis and treatment.Tumor microenvironment(TME)-responsive nanomaterials prov...Prostate cancer(PCa)is characterized by high incidence and propensity for easy metastasis,presenting significant challenges in clinical diagnosis and treatment.Tumor microenvironment(TME)-responsive nanomaterials provide a promising prospect for imaging-guided precision therapy.Considering that tumor-derived alkaline phosphatase(ALP)is over-expressed in metastatic PCa,it makes a great chance to develop a theranostics system with ALP responsive in the TME.Herein,an ALP-responsive aggregationinduced emission luminogens(AIEgens)nanoprobe AMNF self-assembly was designed for enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic PCa.The nanoprobe exhibited self-aggregation in the presence of ALP resulted in aggregation-induced fluorescence,and enhanced accumulation and prolonged retention period at the tumor site.In terms of detection,the fluorescence(FL)/computed tomography(CT)/magnetic resonance(MR)multi-mode imaging effect of nanoprobe was significantly improved post-aggregation,enabling precise diagnosis through the amalgamation of multiple imaging modes.Enhanced CT/MR imaging can achieve assist preoperative tumor diagnosis,and enhanced FL imaging technology can achieve“intraoperative visual navigation”,showing its potential application value in clinical tumor detection and surgical guidance.In terms of treatment,AMNF showed strong absorption in the near infrared region after aggregation,which improved the photothermal treatment effect.Overall,our work developed an effective aggregation-enhanced theranostic strategy for ALP-related cancers.展开更多
Low-carbon smart parks achieve selfbalanced carbon emission and absorption through the cooperative scheduling of direct current(DC)-based distributed photovoltaic,energy storage units,and loads.Direct current power li...Low-carbon smart parks achieve selfbalanced carbon emission and absorption through the cooperative scheduling of direct current(DC)-based distributed photovoltaic,energy storage units,and loads.Direct current power line communication(DC-PLC)enables real-time data transmission on DC power lines.With traffic adaptation,DC-PLC can be integrated with other complementary media such as 5G to reduce transmission delay and improve reliability.However,traffic adaptation for DC-PLC and 5G integration still faces the challenges such as coupling between traffic admission control and traffic partition,dimensionality curse,and the ignorance of extreme event occurrence.To address these challenges,we propose a deep reinforcement learning(DRL)-based delay sensitive and reliable traffic adaptation algorithm(DSRTA)to minimize the total queuing delay under the constraints of traffic admission control,queuing delay,and extreme events occurrence probability.DSRTA jointly optimizes traffic admission control and traffic partition,and enables learning-based intelligent traffic adaptation.The long-term constraints are incorporated into both state and bound of drift-pluspenalty to achieve delay awareness and enforce reliability guarantee.Simulation results show that DSRTA has lower queuing delay and more reliable quality of service(QoS)guarantee than other state-of-the-art algorithms.展开更多
In multi-modal emotion recognition,excessive reliance on historical context often impedes the detection of emotional shifts,while modality heterogeneity and unimodal noise limit recognition performance.Existing method...In multi-modal emotion recognition,excessive reliance on historical context often impedes the detection of emotional shifts,while modality heterogeneity and unimodal noise limit recognition performance.Existing methods struggle to dynamically adjust cross-modal complementary strength to optimize fusion quality and lack effective mechanisms to model the dynamic evolution of emotions.To address these issues,we propose a multi-level dynamic gating and emotion transfer framework for multi-modal emotion recognition.A dynamic gating mechanism is applied across unimodal encoding,cross-modal alignment,and emotion transfer modeling,substantially improving noise robustness and feature alignment.First,we construct a unimodal encoder based on gated recurrent units and feature-selection gating to suppress intra-modal noise and enhance contextual representation.Second,we design a gated-attention crossmodal encoder that dynamically calibrates the complementary contributions of visual and audio modalities to the dominant textual features and eliminates redundant information.Finally,we introduce a gated enhanced emotion transfer module that explicitly models the temporal dependence of emotional evolution in dialogues via transfer gating and optimizes continuity modeling with a comparative learning loss.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art models on the public MELD and IEMOCAP datasets.展开更多
Carbenes as one of the most important class of intermediates have been widely utilized in various organic synthetic transformations.Carbene insertion-initiated ring-opening reactions of cyclic ethers offer a valuable ...Carbenes as one of the most important class of intermediates have been widely utilized in various organic synthetic transformations.Carbene insertion-initiated ring-opening reactions of cyclic ethers offer a valuable strategy for constructing new carbon-oxygen bonds.In comparison with traditional thermal or metal-mediated carbene transfer reactions,visible-light-promoted multi-component reaction strategy provides a mild and eco-friendly approach to access densely functionalized molecules.Recently,visible-light-induced multi-component carbene transfer reactions of diazo compounds have been rapidly developed and attracted a great deal of research interest of chemists owing to their advantages of simple operation,mild condition,high atom economy and rich structural diversity.This paper summarizes the recent research progress on the visible-light-promoted multi-component carbene transfer reactions of diazo compounds via ring-opening of cyclic ethers with various nucleophiles.The reaction patterns of different nucleophiles and their corresponding mechanism are described in this review.The future research direction and challenges in this area are also discussed.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the genetic basis of Weill-Marchesani syndrome(WMS)in a Chinese family and clarify the pathogenic mechanism of novel ADAMTS17 mutations.METHODS:Comprehensive clinical assessments and genetic analyse...AIM:To investigate the genetic basis of Weill-Marchesani syndrome(WMS)in a Chinese family and clarify the pathogenic mechanism of novel ADAMTS17 mutations.METHODS:Comprehensive clinical assessments and genetic analyses were performed on a Chinese family with two affected siblings.Whole-exome sequencing(WES)was conducted for the proband and other family members.Bioinformatics tools were used to evaluate the conservation,predicted pathogenicity,and structural effects of the identified ADAMTS17 variants.In addition,protein structure modeling was applied to assess the functional impacts of the mutations.RESULTS:The proband(a 32-year-old male)and his elder sister(42y)presented typical clinical features of WMS,including short stature,brachydactyly,high myopia,ectopia lentis,and secondary glaucoma.WES identified a novel compound heterozygous mutation in ADAMTS17:a splicing mutation(c.451-2A>G)inherited from the father and a missense mutation(c.1043G>A;p.C348Y)inherited from the mother.The splicing mutation disrupted normal mRNA splicing and processing,leading to premature translation termination.The missense mutation,which is located in the metalloprotease catalytic domain,was predicted to abolish a critical disulfide bond,thereby impairing protein stability.Both mutations exhibited high evolutionary conservation and were predicted to be pathogenic by multiple bioinformatics algorithms.CONCLUSION:A novel compound heterozygous mutation in ADAMTS17 is identified in this WMS-affected Chinese family,and its pathogenicity is verified via bioinformatics analysis and protein structural modeling.These findings are expected to facilitate the genetic diagnosis of WMS and deepen the understanding of its molecular pathogenesis.展开更多
This article reviews the research advances in traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb and its compound formulations in the treatment of sepsis,with particular emphasis on elucidating their mechanisms of action and clinic...This article reviews the research advances in traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb and its compound formulations in the treatment of sepsis,with particular emphasis on elucidating their mechanisms of action and clinical application value.Research has demonstrated that rhubarb and its compound formulations exert therapeutic effects via multiple targets and mechanisms,including anti-inflammatory actions,protection of the intestinal barrier,modulation of immune balance,inhibition of oxidative stress,and regulation of associated signaling pathways.Clinically,rhubarb has shown distinct advantages in enhancing gastrointestinal function,mitigating systemic inflammatory responses,and reducing mortality rates among patients with sepsis.These findings provide a foundational reference for the integrated prevention and treatment of sepsis through the combined use of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.展开更多
Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the back...Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the backdrop of global warming,plants emit more BVOCs to cope with thermal stress,leading to elevated concen-trations of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,a considerable body of research has explored the interaction between tree species and BVOCs under the influence of various environ-mental factors.Although many studies have examined explored the temperature dependence of BVOC emissions in the past,few studies have conducted a comprehensive and in-depth investigation into the impacts of tempera-ture.This review summarizes the relevant studies on BVOCs in the past decade,including the main biosynthetic pathways,emission observation techniques and emission inventories,as well as how temperature affects isoprene and monoterpene emission rates and the formation of O_(3) and SOA.Our work offers a theoretical foundation and guidance for future efforts to advance the comprehension of BVOC emission characteristics and develop strategies to mitigate secondary pollution.展开更多
Chili fermentation is one of the most important processes in the production of Pixian Douban(PXDB),which determines the flavor and product quality of PXDB.However,the maturity of fermented chili mainly depends on empi...Chili fermentation is one of the most important processes in the production of Pixian Douban(PXDB),which determines the flavor and product quality of PXDB.However,the maturity of fermented chili mainly depends on empirical judgment,which can not satisfy the need for standardized production of PXDB.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate volatile and non-volatile substances during the maturation process and to find markers related to the maturity of fermented chili.Two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC×GC-MS)combined with multivariate statistical analysis and relative odor activity values(ROAV)analysis revealed that 2-methoxy-3-isobutyl pyrazine,linalool,3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde,myrcene,and decanal(ROAV≥1,VIP>1,P<0.05)were regarded as potentially active aromatic markers for differentiating fermentation time.Additionally,ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLCQTOF-MS)combined with multivariate statistical analysis revealed that 25 compounds could serve as differentiated non-volatile compounds.The correlation of maturity-related physicochemical indicators with volatile and nonvolatile compounds revealed that four volatile compounds(2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine,linalool,myrcene,and decanal)along with seven non-volatile compounds could serve as markers for evaluating the maturity of fermented chili.This study is expected to establish a standard for the determination of the maturity the fermented chili and lay the foundation for intelligent production of PXDB.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probi...BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.展开更多
A trace analytical method based on solid-phase extraction gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE–GC–MS/MS)was developed for the rapid detection of 256 semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs),including 25 pol...A trace analytical method based on solid-phase extraction gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE–GC–MS/MS)was developed for the rapid detection of 256 semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs),including 25 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),70 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),123 pesticides,20 phthalate esters(PAEs),4 organophosphate esters(OPEs),9 synthetic musks(SMs),and 5 UV filters(UVs)in water.No-tably,this method provided a decent linearity of calibration standards(R^(2)>0.999),excellent method limits of quantification(MLOQs)(0.12–11.41 ng/L),satisfactory matrix spiking recovery rates(60.4%–126%),and high precision(intra-day relative standard deviations(RSDs):1.0%–10.0%,inter-day RSDs:3.0%–15.0%,and inter-week RSDs:3.4%–15.7%),making it suitable for trace-level studies.Statistical analysis revealed that SVOCs with higher volatility exhibited enhanced recovery rates.Validation of the methodology involved analyzing SVOCs in real spring water and river water samples.Twenty-seven SVOCs were detected in spring water and 58 in river water,with an average concentration of 631.73 and 16,095 ng/L,respectively.Among the detected SVOCs,PAEs constituted the predominant proportion.This study underscored the presence of SVOCs contamination specifi-cally within the spring water,although SVOCs concentrations in river water were significantly greater than those found in spring water.In summary,this sensitive method based on SPE–GC–MS/MS was successfully developed and validated for the rapid analysis of a diverse array of 256 SVOCs at trace levels in water,including not only the traditional highly valued PAHs,PCBs,pesticides,and PAEs,but also the emerging OPEs,UVs,and SMs.展开更多
In high-intensity electromagnetic warfare,radar systems are persistently subjected to multi-jammer attacks,including potentially novel unknown jamming types that may emerge exclusively under wartime conditions.These j...In high-intensity electromagnetic warfare,radar systems are persistently subjected to multi-jammer attacks,including potentially novel unknown jamming types that may emerge exclusively under wartime conditions.These jamming signals severely degrade radar detection performance.Precise recognition of these unknown and compound jamming signals is critical to enhancing the anti-jamming capabilities and overall reliability of radar systems.To address this challenge,this article proposes a novel open-set compound jamming cognition(OSCJC)method.The proposed method employs a detection-classification dual-network architecture,which not only overcomes the false alarm and misdetection issues of traditional closed-set recognition methods when dealing with unknown jamming but also effectively addresses the performance bottleneck of existing open-set recognition techniques focusing on single jamming scenarios in compound jamming environments.To achieve unknown jamming detection,we first employ a consistency labeling strategy to train the detection network using diverse known jamming samples.This strategy enables the network to acquire highly generalizable jamming features,thereby accurately localizing candidate regions for individual jamming components within compound jamming.Subsequently,we introduce contrastive learning to optimize the classification network,significantly enhancing both intra-class clustering and inter-class separability in the jamming feature space.This method not only improves the recognition accuracy of the classification network for known jamming types but also enhances its sensitivity to unknown jamming types.Simulations and experimental data are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed OSCJC method.Compared with the state-of-the-art open-set recognition methods,the proposed method demonstrates superior recognition accuracy and enhanced environmental adaptability.展开更多
To address the challenge of achieving decentralized,scalable,and adaptive control for large-scale multiple unmanned aerial vehicle(multi-UAV)swarms in dynamic urban environments with obstacles and wind perturbations,w...To address the challenge of achieving decentralized,scalable,and adaptive control for large-scale multiple unmanned aerial vehicle(multi-UAV)swarms in dynamic urban environments with obstacles and wind perturbations,we proposed a hybrid framework integrating adaptive reinforcement learning(RL),multi-modal perception fusion,and enhanced pigeon flock optimization(PFO)with curiosity-driven exploration to enable robust autonomous and formation control.The framework leverages meta-learning to optimize RL policies for real-time adaptation,fuses sensor data for precise state estimation,and enhances PFO with learned leader-follower dynamics and exploration rewards to maintain cohesive formations and explore uncertain areas.For swarms of 10–30 UAVs,it achieves 34%faster convergence,61%reduced stability root mean square error(RMSE),88%fewer collisions and 85.6%–92.3%success rates in target detection and encirclement,outperforming standard multi-agent RL,pure PFO,and single-modality RL.Three-dimensional trajectory visualizations confirm cohesive formations,collision-free maneuvers,and efficient exploration in urban search-and-rescue scenarios.Innovations include meta-RL for rapid adaptation,multi-modal fusion for robust perception,and curiosity-driven PFO for scalable,decentralized control,advancing real-world multi-UAV swarm autonomy and coordination.展开更多
Endogenous hydrogen systems,consisting of metal–organic coordination catalysts and alcohols,have been widely applied for the transfer hydrogenation(TH)of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds in recent years.Metal-organ...Endogenous hydrogen systems,consisting of metal–organic coordination catalysts and alcohols,have been widely applied for the transfer hydrogenation(TH)of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds in recent years.Metal-organic coordination catalysts showed satisfactory ability of TH in the secondary alcohols,but most of them could not effectively employ the cheaper primary alcohols as hydrogen donors.Furthermore,they commonly contained high metal contents,which also led to low catalytic efficiency in significant measure.In this work,we constructed a novel magnesium single-atom catalyst(Mg-NC)with merely 0.37 wt%Mg by means of a combined self-assembly and pyrolysis strategy.The characterization results indicated that Mg was atomically dispersed and it was coordinated with four pyridinic-N in Mg-NC.Due to the obvious electron transfer from Mg to its coordinated pyridinic-N,Mg–N_(4)active centers displayed high Lewis acid-base strength with abundant content,which brought remarkable catalytic activity.When Mg-NC was used for the TH of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)in ethanol(EtOH),2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan(BHMF)yield was up to 96.3%with high productivity of 19.85 molBHMF mol_(Mg)^(−1)h^(−1)at 150°C for 5 h.More interestingly,the process of TH over Mg-NC in EtOH was proved to proceed via the hydrogen radical mechanism.Additionally,Mg-NC exhibited powerful catalytic universality;it could not only utilize other primary alcohols(such as n-propanol and n-butanol)as hydrogen donors,but also catalyze the TH of other carbonyl compounds(such as furfural,5-methylfurfural,benzaldehyde,cyclohexanone,and levulinic acid).Overall,this work offered some important clues and references to reinforce the hydrogen-supplying ability of primary alcohols in the TH of various biomass-derived carbonyl compounds to high-value fine chemicals.展开更多
Carbonyl compounds play a pivotal role in the formation of secondary pollutants such as O_(3) and SOA,signifi-cantly impacting air quality and human health.This study extended the observation period compared to previo...Carbonyl compounds play a pivotal role in the formation of secondary pollutants such as O_(3) and SOA,signifi-cantly impacting air quality and human health.This study extended the observation period compared to previous research,providing a long-term perspective on carbonyl compound variations and their environmental implica-tions.Atmospheric observations were conducted at Beijing(BJ)and Xianghe(XH)during the summer and winter months of 2018,2019,and 2023 to study the sources and impacts of carbonyl compounds in typical urban areas and peri‑urban areas.Notably,concentrations in the summer of 2023 increased compared to 2018 and 2019.The predominant carbonyl compounds—formaldehyde,acetaldehyde,and acetone—accounted for over 60%of the total.The mean values of OFP in BJ ranged from 18.55 to 58.61μg/m3,lower than those in XH(29.82 to 65.48μg/m3),with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde contributing over 80%of the total.SOAP exhibited a similar pattern,with values in XH(69.21 to 508.55μg/m3)significantly exceeding those in BJ(34.47 to 159.78μg/m3).The PMF model highlighted vehicle exhaust,secondary pollution,and biomass combustion as major sources of carbonyl compounds,emphasizing differences in source contributions between the two regions.This study’s com-parative analysis over different years and locations provides new insights into the dynamic changes in carbonyl compounds and their environmental importance.These results not only reinforce the importance of carbonyl compounds regulation but also offer a valuable reference for evaluating and refining emission control strategies during this period.展开更多
This paper considers the problem of time varying congestion pricing to determine optimal time-varying tolls at peak periods for a queuing network with the interactions between buses and private cars.Through the combin...This paper considers the problem of time varying congestion pricing to determine optimal time-varying tolls at peak periods for a queuing network with the interactions between buses and private cars.Through the combined applications of the space-time expanded network（STEN） and the conventional network equilibrium modeling techniques,a multi-class,multi-mode and multi-criteria traffic network equilibrium model is developed.Travelers of different classes have distinctive value of times（VOTs）,and travelers from the same class perceive their travel disutility or generalized costs on a route according to different weights of travel time and travel costs.Moreover,the symmetric cost function model is extended to deal with the interactions between buses and private cars.It is found that there exists a uniform（anonymous） link toll pattern which can drive a multi-class,multi-mode and multi-criteria user equilibrium flow pattern to a system optimum when the system＇s objective function is measured in terms of money.It is also found that the marginal cost pricing models with a symmetric travel cost function do not reflect the interactions between traffic flows of different road sections,and the obtained congestion pricing toll is smaller than the real value.展开更多
Gas Turbine Engines （GTEs） are vastly used for generation of mechanical power in a wide range of applications from airplane propulsion systems to stationary power plants. The gaspath components of a GTE are exposed ...Gas Turbine Engines （GTEs） are vastly used for generation of mechanical power in a wide range of applications from airplane propulsion systems to stationary power plants. The gaspath components of a GTE are exposed to harsh operating and ambient conditions, leading to several degradation mechanisms. Because GTE components are mostly inaccessible for direct measure- ments and their degradation levels must be inferred from the measurements of accessible parameters, it is a challenge to acquire reliable information on the degradation conditions of the parts in different fault modes. In this work, a data-driven fault detection and degradation estima- tion scheme is developed for GTE diagnostics based on an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System （ANFIS）. To verify the performance and accuracy of the developed diagnostic framework on GTE data, an ensemble of measurable gas path parameters has been generated by a high-fidelity GTE model under （a） diverse ambient conditions and control settings, （b） every possible combination of degradation symptoms, and （c） a broad range of signal to noise ratios. The results prove the competency of the developed framework in fault diagnostics and reveal the sensitivity of diagnostic results to measurement noise for different degradation symptoms.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21906124,32302202)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No.2017CFB220)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No.ZR2023MH278)。
文摘Metal organic framework(MOF) assembled with coordination bonds has the disadvantage of poor stability that limits its application in the field of stationary phase,while covalent organic framework(COF)assembled through covalent bonds exhibits excellent structural stability.It has been shown that the stationary phases prepared by combining MOF and COF can make up for the poor stability of MOF@SiO_(2),and the MOF/COF composites have superior chromatographic separation performance.However,the traditional methods for preparing COF/MOF based stationary phases are generally solvent thermal synthesis.In this study,a green and low-cost synthesis method was proposed for the preparation of MOF/COF@SiO_(2) stationary phase.Firstly,COF@SiO_(2) was prepared in a choline chloride/ethylene glycol based deep eutectic solvent(DES).Secondly,another acid-base tunable DES prepared by mixing p-toluenesulfonic acid(PTSA)and 2-methylimidazole in different proportions was introduced as the reaction solvent and reactant for rapid synthesis of MOF/COF@SiO_(2).Compared with the toxic transition metal-based MOFs selected in most previous studies,a lightweight and non-toxic S-zone metal(calcium) based MOF was employed in this study.PTSA and calcium will form the calcium/oxygen-containing organic acid framework in acidic DES,which assembles with terephthalic acid dissolved in basic DES to form MOF.The strong hydrogen bonding effect of DES can facilitate rapid assembly of Ca-MOF.The obtained Ca-MOF/COF@SiO_(2) can be used for multi-mode chromatography to efficiently separate multiple isomeric/hydrophilic/hydrophobic analytes.The synthesis method of Ca-MOF/COF@SiO_(2) is green and mild,especially the use of acid-base tunable DES promotes the rapid synthesis of non-toxic Ca-MOF/COF@silica composites,which offers an innovative approach of greenly synthesizing novel MOF/COF stationary phases and extends their applications in the field of chromatography.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52174313 and 52304350)thank all members of the Hebei High Quality Steel Continuous Casting Engineering Technology Research Center at North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan,China.
文摘The flow behavior of molten steel in the thin slab mold under high casting speed conditions was investigated,with a focus on the multi-mode continuous casting and rolling mold.A steel-slag two-phase flow model was established using large eddy simulation,the volume of fluid,and magnetohydrodynamics methods through numerical simulation.The maximum flow velocity and wave height at the steel-slag interface within the mold are critical evaluation criteria for analyzing asymmetric flow under varying casting speeds and electromagnetic braking.The results indicate that the asymmetric flows within the mold do not occur synchronously.The severity of the asymmetric flow correlates with the velocity difference across the steel-slag interface.A greater biased flow prolongs the time required to revert to a steady state.When the magnetic field intensity is set to 0.24 T and the magnetic pole position is at 390 mm from the steel-slag interface,this configuration can reduce the velocity of the steel-slag interface,thereby mitigating the asymmetric flow.Additionally,it can diminish the velocity,impact depth,and impact intensity on the narrow face of the jet,thus improving the distribution of velocity and turbulent kinetic energy within the mold.This configuration prolongs the time required for the steel-slag interface to transition from a stable state to its maximum velocity and shortens the time for the interface to return to stability from an unstable state.Moreover,it ensures the positional stability of the steel-slag interface,confining its position within−3 mm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22288101)the 111 Project(No.B17020)。
文摘Carbon dots(CDs)-based composites have shown impressive performance in fields of information encryption and sensing,however,a great challenge is to simultaneously implement multi-mode luminescence and room-temperature phosphorescence(RTP)detection in single system due to the formidable synthesis.Herein,a multifunctional composite of Eu&CDs@p RHO has been designed by co-assembly strategy and prepared via a facile calcination and impregnation treatment.Eu&CDs@p RHO exhibits intense fluorescence(FL)and RTP coming from two individual luminous centers,Eu3+in the free pores and CDs in the interrupted structure of RHO zeolite.Unique four-mode color outputs including pink(Eu^(3+),ex.254 nm),light violet(CDs,ex.365 nm),blue(CDs,254 nm off),and green(CDs,365 nm off)could be realized,on the basis of it,a preliminary application of advanced information encoding has been demonstrated.Given the free pores of matrix and stable RTP in water of confined CDs,a visual RTP detection of Fe^(3+)ions is achieved with the detection limit as low as 9.8μmol/L.This work has opened up a new perspective for the strategic amalgamation of luminous vips with porous zeolite to construct the advanced functional materials.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.SKL202302002)Key Research and Development project of Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.20210204142YY)+2 种基金The Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(No.2020122256JC)Beijing Kechuang Medical Development Foundation Fund of China(No.KC2023-JX-0186BQ079)Talent Reserve Program(TRP),the First Hospital of Jilin University(No.JDYY-TRP-2024007)。
文摘Prostate cancer(PCa)is characterized by high incidence and propensity for easy metastasis,presenting significant challenges in clinical diagnosis and treatment.Tumor microenvironment(TME)-responsive nanomaterials provide a promising prospect for imaging-guided precision therapy.Considering that tumor-derived alkaline phosphatase(ALP)is over-expressed in metastatic PCa,it makes a great chance to develop a theranostics system with ALP responsive in the TME.Herein,an ALP-responsive aggregationinduced emission luminogens(AIEgens)nanoprobe AMNF self-assembly was designed for enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic PCa.The nanoprobe exhibited self-aggregation in the presence of ALP resulted in aggregation-induced fluorescence,and enhanced accumulation and prolonged retention period at the tumor site.In terms of detection,the fluorescence(FL)/computed tomography(CT)/magnetic resonance(MR)multi-mode imaging effect of nanoprobe was significantly improved post-aggregation,enabling precise diagnosis through the amalgamation of multiple imaging modes.Enhanced CT/MR imaging can achieve assist preoperative tumor diagnosis,and enhanced FL imaging technology can achieve“intraoperative visual navigation”,showing its potential application value in clinical tumor detection and surgical guidance.In terms of treatment,AMNF showed strong absorption in the near infrared region after aggregation,which improved the photothermal treatment effect.Overall,our work developed an effective aggregation-enhanced theranostic strategy for ALP-related cancers.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China under grant 52094021N010(5400-202199534A-0-5-ZN)。
文摘Low-carbon smart parks achieve selfbalanced carbon emission and absorption through the cooperative scheduling of direct current(DC)-based distributed photovoltaic,energy storage units,and loads.Direct current power line communication(DC-PLC)enables real-time data transmission on DC power lines.With traffic adaptation,DC-PLC can be integrated with other complementary media such as 5G to reduce transmission delay and improve reliability.However,traffic adaptation for DC-PLC and 5G integration still faces the challenges such as coupling between traffic admission control and traffic partition,dimensionality curse,and the ignorance of extreme event occurrence.To address these challenges,we propose a deep reinforcement learning(DRL)-based delay sensitive and reliable traffic adaptation algorithm(DSRTA)to minimize the total queuing delay under the constraints of traffic admission control,queuing delay,and extreme events occurrence probability.DSRTA jointly optimizes traffic admission control and traffic partition,and enables learning-based intelligent traffic adaptation.The long-term constraints are incorporated into both state and bound of drift-pluspenalty to achieve delay awareness and enforce reliability guarantee.Simulation results show that DSRTA has lower queuing delay and more reliable quality of service(QoS)guarantee than other state-of-the-art algorithms.
基金funded by“the Fanying Special Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 62341307”“the Scientific research project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education,grant number GJJ200839”“theDoctoral startup fund of JiangxiUniversity of Technology,grant number 205200100402”.
文摘In multi-modal emotion recognition,excessive reliance on historical context often impedes the detection of emotional shifts,while modality heterogeneity and unimodal noise limit recognition performance.Existing methods struggle to dynamically adjust cross-modal complementary strength to optimize fusion quality and lack effective mechanisms to model the dynamic evolution of emotions.To address these issues,we propose a multi-level dynamic gating and emotion transfer framework for multi-modal emotion recognition.A dynamic gating mechanism is applied across unimodal encoding,cross-modal alignment,and emotion transfer modeling,substantially improving noise robustness and feature alignment.First,we construct a unimodal encoder based on gated recurrent units and feature-selection gating to suppress intra-modal noise and enhance contextual representation.Second,we design a gated-attention crossmodal encoder that dynamically calibrates the complementary contributions of visual and audio modalities to the dominant textual features and eliminates redundant information.Finally,we introduce a gated enhanced emotion transfer module that explicitly models the temporal dependence of emotional evolution in dialogues via transfer gating and optimizes continuity modeling with a comparative learning loss.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art models on the public MELD and IEMOCAP datasets.
基金Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.QKHJC-ZK[2024]654)Guizhou Provincial University Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Electronic Materials(No.QJ[2023]021).
文摘Carbenes as one of the most important class of intermediates have been widely utilized in various organic synthetic transformations.Carbene insertion-initiated ring-opening reactions of cyclic ethers offer a valuable strategy for constructing new carbon-oxygen bonds.In comparison with traditional thermal or metal-mediated carbene transfer reactions,visible-light-promoted multi-component reaction strategy provides a mild and eco-friendly approach to access densely functionalized molecules.Recently,visible-light-induced multi-component carbene transfer reactions of diazo compounds have been rapidly developed and attracted a great deal of research interest of chemists owing to their advantages of simple operation,mild condition,high atom economy and rich structural diversity.This paper summarizes the recent research progress on the visible-light-promoted multi-component carbene transfer reactions of diazo compounds via ring-opening of cyclic ethers with various nucleophiles.The reaction patterns of different nucleophiles and their corresponding mechanism are described in this review.The future research direction and challenges in this area are also discussed.
文摘AIM:To investigate the genetic basis of Weill-Marchesani syndrome(WMS)in a Chinese family and clarify the pathogenic mechanism of novel ADAMTS17 mutations.METHODS:Comprehensive clinical assessments and genetic analyses were performed on a Chinese family with two affected siblings.Whole-exome sequencing(WES)was conducted for the proband and other family members.Bioinformatics tools were used to evaluate the conservation,predicted pathogenicity,and structural effects of the identified ADAMTS17 variants.In addition,protein structure modeling was applied to assess the functional impacts of the mutations.RESULTS:The proband(a 32-year-old male)and his elder sister(42y)presented typical clinical features of WMS,including short stature,brachydactyly,high myopia,ectopia lentis,and secondary glaucoma.WES identified a novel compound heterozygous mutation in ADAMTS17:a splicing mutation(c.451-2A>G)inherited from the father and a missense mutation(c.1043G>A;p.C348Y)inherited from the mother.The splicing mutation disrupted normal mRNA splicing and processing,leading to premature translation termination.The missense mutation,which is located in the metalloprotease catalytic domain,was predicted to abolish a critical disulfide bond,thereby impairing protein stability.Both mutations exhibited high evolutionary conservation and were predicted to be pathogenic by multiple bioinformatics algorithms.CONCLUSION:A novel compound heterozygous mutation in ADAMTS17 is identified in this WMS-affected Chinese family,and its pathogenicity is verified via bioinformatics analysis and protein structural modeling.These findings are expected to facilitate the genetic diagnosis of WMS and deepen the understanding of its molecular pathogenesis.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82374346)Double Hundred Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Medical and Health Talents of Wuxi City(BJ2023071)Scientific Research Project of Wuxi Municipal Health Commission(Q202358).
文摘This article reviews the research advances in traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb and its compound formulations in the treatment of sepsis,with particular emphasis on elucidating their mechanisms of action and clinical application value.Research has demonstrated that rhubarb and its compound formulations exert therapeutic effects via multiple targets and mechanisms,including anti-inflammatory actions,protection of the intestinal barrier,modulation of immune balance,inhibition of oxidative stress,and regulation of associated signaling pathways.Clinically,rhubarb has shown distinct advantages in enhancing gastrointestinal function,mitigating systemic inflammatory responses,and reducing mortality rates among patients with sepsis.These findings provide a foundational reference for the integrated prevention and treatment of sepsis through the combined use of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFC3714200)Guangxi Key Research and Development Program,China(No.Guike AB24010074)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22276099,U24A20515 and 22361162668)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240036)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX24_1529).
文摘Temperature has a substantial impact on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs).Moder-ate warm temperatures,e.g.,30–40°C,could boost plant metabolism,increasing BVOC emissions.Against the backdrop of global warming,plants emit more BVOCs to cope with thermal stress,leading to elevated concen-trations of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))and secondary organic aerosols(SOA).In recent years,a considerable body of research has explored the interaction between tree species and BVOCs under the influence of various environ-mental factors.Although many studies have examined explored the temperature dependence of BVOC emissions in the past,few studies have conducted a comprehensive and in-depth investigation into the impacts of tempera-ture.This review summarizes the relevant studies on BVOCs in the past decade,including the main biosynthetic pathways,emission observation techniques and emission inventories,as well as how temperature affects isoprene and monoterpene emission rates and the formation of O_(3) and SOA.Our work offers a theoretical foundation and guidance for future efforts to advance the comprehension of BVOC emission characteristics and develop strategies to mitigate secondary pollution.
基金supported by the Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2024ZHCG0086)the Chongqing Science and Technology Commission(cstc2021jscx-cylhX0014).
文摘Chili fermentation is one of the most important processes in the production of Pixian Douban(PXDB),which determines the flavor and product quality of PXDB.However,the maturity of fermented chili mainly depends on empirical judgment,which can not satisfy the need for standardized production of PXDB.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate volatile and non-volatile substances during the maturation process and to find markers related to the maturity of fermented chili.Two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC×GC-MS)combined with multivariate statistical analysis and relative odor activity values(ROAV)analysis revealed that 2-methoxy-3-isobutyl pyrazine,linalool,3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde,myrcene,and decanal(ROAV≥1,VIP>1,P<0.05)were regarded as potentially active aromatic markers for differentiating fermentation time.Additionally,ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLCQTOF-MS)combined with multivariate statistical analysis revealed that 25 compounds could serve as differentiated non-volatile compounds.The correlation of maturity-related physicochemical indicators with volatile and nonvolatile compounds revealed that four volatile compounds(2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine,linalool,myrcene,and decanal)along with seven non-volatile compounds could serve as markers for evaluating the maturity of fermented chili.This study is expected to establish a standard for the determination of the maturity the fermented chili and lay the foundation for intelligent production of PXDB.
文摘BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51939009)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.JCYJ20241202125905008 and GXWD20201231165807007-20200810165349001).
文摘A trace analytical method based on solid-phase extraction gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE–GC–MS/MS)was developed for the rapid detection of 256 semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs),including 25 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),70 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),123 pesticides,20 phthalate esters(PAEs),4 organophosphate esters(OPEs),9 synthetic musks(SMs),and 5 UV filters(UVs)in water.No-tably,this method provided a decent linearity of calibration standards(R^(2)>0.999),excellent method limits of quantification(MLOQs)(0.12–11.41 ng/L),satisfactory matrix spiking recovery rates(60.4%–126%),and high precision(intra-day relative standard deviations(RSDs):1.0%–10.0%,inter-day RSDs:3.0%–15.0%,and inter-week RSDs:3.4%–15.7%),making it suitable for trace-level studies.Statistical analysis revealed that SVOCs with higher volatility exhibited enhanced recovery rates.Validation of the methodology involved analyzing SVOCs in real spring water and river water samples.Twenty-seven SVOCs were detected in spring water and 58 in river water,with an average concentration of 631.73 and 16,095 ng/L,respectively.Among the detected SVOCs,PAEs constituted the predominant proportion.This study underscored the presence of SVOCs contamination specifi-cally within the spring water,although SVOCs concentrations in river water were significantly greater than those found in spring water.In summary,this sensitive method based on SPE–GC–MS/MS was successfully developed and validated for the rapid analysis of a diverse array of 256 SVOCs at trace levels in water,including not only the traditional highly valued PAHs,PCBs,pesticides,and PAEs,but also the emerging OPEs,UVs,and SMs.
文摘In high-intensity electromagnetic warfare,radar systems are persistently subjected to multi-jammer attacks,including potentially novel unknown jamming types that may emerge exclusively under wartime conditions.These jamming signals severely degrade radar detection performance.Precise recognition of these unknown and compound jamming signals is critical to enhancing the anti-jamming capabilities and overall reliability of radar systems.To address this challenge,this article proposes a novel open-set compound jamming cognition(OSCJC)method.The proposed method employs a detection-classification dual-network architecture,which not only overcomes the false alarm and misdetection issues of traditional closed-set recognition methods when dealing with unknown jamming but also effectively addresses the performance bottleneck of existing open-set recognition techniques focusing on single jamming scenarios in compound jamming environments.To achieve unknown jamming detection,we first employ a consistency labeling strategy to train the detection network using diverse known jamming samples.This strategy enables the network to acquire highly generalizable jamming features,thereby accurately localizing candidate regions for individual jamming components within compound jamming.Subsequently,we introduce contrastive learning to optimize the classification network,significantly enhancing both intra-class clustering and inter-class separability in the jamming feature space.This method not only improves the recognition accuracy of the classification network for known jamming types but also enhances its sensitivity to unknown jamming types.Simulations and experimental data are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed OSCJC method.Compared with the state-of-the-art open-set recognition methods,the proposed method demonstrates superior recognition accuracy and enhanced environmental adaptability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62350048)。
文摘To address the challenge of achieving decentralized,scalable,and adaptive control for large-scale multiple unmanned aerial vehicle(multi-UAV)swarms in dynamic urban environments with obstacles and wind perturbations,we proposed a hybrid framework integrating adaptive reinforcement learning(RL),multi-modal perception fusion,and enhanced pigeon flock optimization(PFO)with curiosity-driven exploration to enable robust autonomous and formation control.The framework leverages meta-learning to optimize RL policies for real-time adaptation,fuses sensor data for precise state estimation,and enhances PFO with learned leader-follower dynamics and exploration rewards to maintain cohesive formations and explore uncertain areas.For swarms of 10–30 UAVs,it achieves 34%faster convergence,61%reduced stability root mean square error(RMSE),88%fewer collisions and 85.6%–92.3%success rates in target detection and encirclement,outperforming standard multi-agent RL,pure PFO,and single-modality RL.Three-dimensional trajectory visualizations confirm cohesive formations,collision-free maneuvers,and efficient exploration in urban search-and-rescue scenarios.Innovations include meta-RL for rapid adaptation,multi-modal fusion for robust perception,and curiosity-driven PFO for scalable,decentralized control,advancing real-world multi-UAV swarm autonomy and coordination.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20421)the Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province,the 533 Talent Program of Huaian City,and the College Students’Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program of Jiangsu Province(X202510323027).
文摘Endogenous hydrogen systems,consisting of metal–organic coordination catalysts and alcohols,have been widely applied for the transfer hydrogenation(TH)of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds in recent years.Metal-organic coordination catalysts showed satisfactory ability of TH in the secondary alcohols,but most of them could not effectively employ the cheaper primary alcohols as hydrogen donors.Furthermore,they commonly contained high metal contents,which also led to low catalytic efficiency in significant measure.In this work,we constructed a novel magnesium single-atom catalyst(Mg-NC)with merely 0.37 wt%Mg by means of a combined self-assembly and pyrolysis strategy.The characterization results indicated that Mg was atomically dispersed and it was coordinated with four pyridinic-N in Mg-NC.Due to the obvious electron transfer from Mg to its coordinated pyridinic-N,Mg–N_(4)active centers displayed high Lewis acid-base strength with abundant content,which brought remarkable catalytic activity.When Mg-NC was used for the TH of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)in ethanol(EtOH),2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan(BHMF)yield was up to 96.3%with high productivity of 19.85 molBHMF mol_(Mg)^(−1)h^(−1)at 150°C for 5 h.More interestingly,the process of TH over Mg-NC in EtOH was proved to proceed via the hydrogen radical mechanism.Additionally,Mg-NC exhibited powerful catalytic universality;it could not only utilize other primary alcohols(such as n-propanol and n-butanol)as hydrogen donors,but also catalyze the TH of other carbonyl compounds(such as furfural,5-methylfurfural,benzaldehyde,cyclohexanone,and levulinic acid).Overall,this work offered some important clues and references to reinforce the hydrogen-supplying ability of primary alcohols in the TH of various biomass-derived carbonyl compounds to high-value fine chemicals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41905108 and 42130704).
文摘Carbonyl compounds play a pivotal role in the formation of secondary pollutants such as O_(3) and SOA,signifi-cantly impacting air quality and human health.This study extended the observation period compared to previous research,providing a long-term perspective on carbonyl compound variations and their environmental implica-tions.Atmospheric observations were conducted at Beijing(BJ)and Xianghe(XH)during the summer and winter months of 2018,2019,and 2023 to study the sources and impacts of carbonyl compounds in typical urban areas and peri‑urban areas.Notably,concentrations in the summer of 2023 increased compared to 2018 and 2019.The predominant carbonyl compounds—formaldehyde,acetaldehyde,and acetone—accounted for over 60%of the total.The mean values of OFP in BJ ranged from 18.55 to 58.61μg/m3,lower than those in XH(29.82 to 65.48μg/m3),with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde contributing over 80%of the total.SOAP exhibited a similar pattern,with values in XH(69.21 to 508.55μg/m3)significantly exceeding those in BJ(34.47 to 159.78μg/m3).The PMF model highlighted vehicle exhaust,secondary pollution,and biomass combustion as major sources of carbonyl compounds,emphasizing differences in source contributions between the two regions.This study’s com-parative analysis over different years and locations provides new insights into the dynamic changes in carbonyl compounds and their environmental importance.These results not only reinforce the importance of carbonyl compounds regulation but also offer a valuable reference for evaluating and refining emission control strategies during this period.
基金The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2007AA11Z202)the National Key Technology R & D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(No. 2006BAJ18B03)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. DUT10RC(3) 112)
文摘This paper considers the problem of time varying congestion pricing to determine optimal time-varying tolls at peak periods for a queuing network with the interactions between buses and private cars.Through the combined applications of the space-time expanded network（STEN） and the conventional network equilibrium modeling techniques,a multi-class,multi-mode and multi-criteria traffic network equilibrium model is developed.Travelers of different classes have distinctive value of times（VOTs）,and travelers from the same class perceive their travel disutility or generalized costs on a route according to different weights of travel time and travel costs.Moreover,the symmetric cost function model is extended to deal with the interactions between buses and private cars.It is found that there exists a uniform（anonymous） link toll pattern which can drive a multi-class,multi-mode and multi-criteria user equilibrium flow pattern to a system optimum when the system＇s objective function is measured in terms of money.It is also found that the marginal cost pricing models with a symmetric travel cost function do not reflect the interactions between traffic flows of different road sections,and the obtained congestion pricing toll is smaller than the real value.
基金financially co-supported by Fond de Recherche Nature et Technologies (FRQNT) from the Quebec government in Canadathe Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of CanadaLife Prediction Technologies Inc. (LPTi) in Ottawa, Canada
文摘Gas Turbine Engines （GTEs） are vastly used for generation of mechanical power in a wide range of applications from airplane propulsion systems to stationary power plants. The gaspath components of a GTE are exposed to harsh operating and ambient conditions, leading to several degradation mechanisms. Because GTE components are mostly inaccessible for direct measure- ments and their degradation levels must be inferred from the measurements of accessible parameters, it is a challenge to acquire reliable information on the degradation conditions of the parts in different fault modes. In this work, a data-driven fault detection and degradation estima- tion scheme is developed for GTE diagnostics based on an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System （ANFIS）. To verify the performance and accuracy of the developed diagnostic framework on GTE data, an ensemble of measurable gas path parameters has been generated by a high-fidelity GTE model under （a） diverse ambient conditions and control settings, （b） every possible combination of degradation symptoms, and （c） a broad range of signal to noise ratios. The results prove the competency of the developed framework in fault diagnostics and reveal the sensitivity of diagnostic results to measurement noise for different degradation symptoms.
