The umbilical,a key component in offshore energy extraction,plays a vital role in ensuring the stable operation of the entire production system.The extensive variety of cross-sectional components creates highly comple...The umbilical,a key component in offshore energy extraction,plays a vital role in ensuring the stable operation of the entire production system.The extensive variety of cross-sectional components creates highly complex layout combinations.Furthermore,due to constraints in component quantity and geometry within the cross-sectional layout,filler bodies must be incorporated to maintain cross-section performance.Conventional design approaches based on manual experience suffer from inefficiency,high variability,and difficulties in quantification.This paper presents a multi-level automatic filling optimization design method for umbilical cross-sectional layouts to address these limitations.Initially,the research establishes a multi-objective optimization model that considers compactness,balance,and wear resistance of the cross-section,employing an enhanced genetic algorithm to achieve a near-optimal layout.Subsequently,the study implements an image processing-based vacancy detection technique to accurately identify cross-sectional gaps.To manage the variability and diversity of these vacant regions,the research introduces a multi-level filling method that strategically selects and places filler bodies of varying dimensions,overcoming the constraints of uniform-size fillers.Additionally,the method incorporates a hierarchical strategy that subdivides the complex cross-section into multiple layers,enabling layer-by-layer optimization and filling.This approach reduces manufac-turing equipment requirements while ensuring practical production process feasibility.The methodology is validated through a specific umbilical case study.The results demonstrate improvements in compactness,balance,and wear resistance compared with the initial cross-section,offering novel insights and valuable references for filler design in umbilical cross-sections.展开更多
As a key node of modern transportation network,the informationization management of road tunnels is crucial to ensure the operation safety and traffic efficiency.However,the existing tunnel vehicle modeling methods ge...As a key node of modern transportation network,the informationization management of road tunnels is crucial to ensure the operation safety and traffic efficiency.However,the existing tunnel vehicle modeling methods generally have problems such as insufficient 3D scene description capability and low dynamic update efficiency,which are difficult to meet the demand of real-time accurate management.For this reason,this paper proposes a vehicle twin modeling method for road tunnels.This approach starts from the actual management needs,and supports multi-level dynamic modeling from vehicle type,size to color by constructing a vehicle model library that can be flexibly invoked;at the same time,semantic constraint rules with geometric layout,behavioral attributes,and spatial relationships are designed to ensure that the virtual model matches with the real model with a high degree of similarity;ultimately,the prototype system is constructed and the case region is selected for the case study,and the dynamic vehicle status in the tunnel is realized by integrating real-time monitoring data with semantic constraints for precise virtual-real mapping.Finally,the prototype system is constructed and case experiments are conducted in selected case areas,which are combined with real-time monitoring data to realize dynamic updating and three-dimensional visualization of vehicle states in tunnels.The experiments show that the proposed method can run smoothly with an average rendering efficiency of 17.70 ms while guaranteeing the modeling accuracy(composite similarity of 0.867),which significantly improves the real-time and intuitive tunnel management.The research results provide reliable technical support for intelligent operation and emergency response of road tunnels,and offer new ideas for digital twin modeling of complex scenes.展开更多
The microstructure of single crystal superalloy is relatively simple,consisting primarily ofγdendrites andγ/γ′eutectics.During the directional solidification process of Ni-based single crystal superalloys,withdraw...The microstructure of single crystal superalloy is relatively simple,consisting primarily ofγdendrites andγ/γ′eutectics.During the directional solidification process of Ni-based single crystal superalloys,withdrawal rate is a critical parameter affecting the spatial distribution ofγ/γ′eutectic along gravity direction.The results show that theγ/γ′eutectic fraction of the upper platform surface is always higher than that of the lower one,regardless of withdrawal rate.As the withdrawal rate decreases,there is a significant increase inγ/γ′eutectic fraction on the upper surface,while it decreases on the lower surface.The upward accumulation ofγ/γ′eutectic becomes more severe as the withdrawal rate decreases.It is also found that the percentage of Al+Ta is positively correlated with theγ/γ′eutectic fraction.Thermo-solute convection of Al and Ta solutes in the solidification front is the prime reason for the non-uniform distribution of eutectic.The non-uniform distribution ofγ/γ′eutectic cannot be eliminated even after subsequent solution heat treatment,resulting in excess eutectic on the upper surface and thus leading to the scrapping of the blade.展开更多
BACKGROUND Psychotic disorders are characterized by both positive symptoms(hallucinations,delusions)and negative symptoms(emotional blunting,anhedonia)that impair daily functioning.While antipsychotic drugs and psycho...BACKGROUND Psychotic disorders are characterized by both positive symptoms(hallucinations,delusions)and negative symptoms(emotional blunting,anhedonia)that impair daily functioning.While antipsychotic drugs and psychological interventions are effective when addressing positive symptoms,treatment of negative symptoms remains an ongoing challenge.Mindfulness-based interventions(MBIs)have been shown to reduce negative psychotic symptoms.However,as negative psychotic symptoms are assessed as a sole entity rather than a sum of manifestations,the effect of MBIs remains unclear.AIM To examine the effects of MBI in addition to integrated rehabilitation treatment(IRT)for people experiencing psychosis on each of the negative psychotic symptoms.METHODS A randomized controlled clinical trial with preintervention and postintervention measures was designed.The main outcome variable was negative psychotic symptoms assessed through the seven subscales of the Spanish version of the positive and negative syndrome scale.Data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance and reliable change index calculation.RESULTS There were no statistical differences between groups at the preintervention assessment.Statistically significant differences were found after MBI for the time in emotional withdrawal(F=37.75,P<0.001,η2=0.437)and social withdrawal(F=37.75,P<0.001,η2=0.437).CONCLUSION MBI added to IRT reduced the lack of interest and involvement with affective commitment to daily life activities,and interest and engagement in social activities increased.These negative psychotic symptoms were not improved by IRT alone.展开更多
BACKGROUND Adenoma detection rate(ADR),a key colonoscopy quality metric,varies with patient demographics and procedural factors.AIM To identify independent predictors of≥25%ADR,develop a risk model,and propose withdr...BACKGROUND Adenoma detection rate(ADR),a key colonoscopy quality metric,varies with patient demographics and procedural factors.AIM To identify independent predictors of≥25%ADR,develop a risk model,and propose withdrawal durations based on different insertion times.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 830 cases using logistic regression and identified four key factors,validated in a prospective cohort of 5699 patients.Their importance was confirmed using random forest(RF),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)and light gradient boosting machine(LightGBM).Attempts to determine targetachieving withdrawal time by grouping cases based on insertion time and Cox regression were inconclusive.Using the 5699-case dataset,we developed a predictive model combining support vector machine(SVM)with XGBoost.We built a Shiny app using this model for clinical application.RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression identified age[odds ratio(OR)=1.05;95%confidence interval(CI):1.03-1.08;P<0.001],male(OR=1.79;95%CI:1.32-2.41;P=0.005),higher endoscopist experience(OR=1.79;95%CI:1.20-2.68;P=0.005),and longer withdrawal time(P<0.001)as independent risk factors for colorectal adenoma.A nomogram demonstrated strong discrimination[area under the curve(AUC)=0.720],with robust calibration and decision-curve performance.Feature importance via RF,XGBoost,and LightGBM confirmed key predictors.A hybrid model combining SVM regression for withdrawal-time estimation and XGBoost classification achieved stable results,with XGBoost reporting AUCs of 0.640 in training and 0.610 in testing,and similar validation outcomes.Deployed via a Shiny app for clinical use.However,model discrimination was modest(AUC:0.61-0.64),suggesting that clinical utility requires further refinement.CONCLUSION A hybrid SVM-XGBoost model using four key endoscopic factors was independently validated and is available as a Shiny app,delivering real-time decision support to streamline endoscopy and enhance clinical outcomes.展开更多
This invited commentary discusses the recent study by Atay et al,which investigated relapse rates following the spontaneous withdrawal of maintenance 5-aminosalicylates in ulcerative colitis.The discussion focuses,in ...This invited commentary discusses the recent study by Atay et al,which investigated relapse rates following the spontaneous withdrawal of maintenance 5-aminosalicylates in ulcerative colitis.The discussion focuses,in this patient setting,on the possible reasons that might prompt clinicians to pursue such exit strategies,and on the importance of exercising caution in these decisions,given the extremely narrow subsets of patients for whom international guidelines allow any degree of leeway.展开更多
BACKGROUND 5-aminosalicylates(5-ASA)are the primary treatment for mild to moderate ulcerative colitis(UC).Maintenance therapy with 5-ASA has been shown to reduce both the risk of relapse and colorectal cancer.AIM To e...BACKGROUND 5-aminosalicylates(5-ASA)are the primary treatment for mild to moderate ulcerative colitis(UC).Maintenance therapy with 5-ASA has been shown to reduce both the risk of relapse and colorectal cancer.AIM To evaluate the outcomes of 5-ASA withdrawal due to non-adherence in UC patients while in remission on monotherapy.METHODS Adult patients with UC who were followed up between July 2019 and April 2025 were screened.Patients in remission receiving 5-ASA monotherapy who experienced treatment withdrawal due to non-adherence were included in this study.RESULTS Among 880 patients with UC,30(3.4%)had 5-ASA withdrawal due to nonadherence while in remission on monotherapy.Twelve patients(40%)had disease relapse after a median of 20 months.The rate of patients in remission was 89%in the first year,decreasing to 73%in the second year,and to 64%in the third year.There were no significant differences between patients with and without relapse in terms of demographics,disease extent,remission duration before 5-ASA withdrawal,previous medications,steroid dependence,5-ASA formulation,baseline inflammatory markers,or partial and endoscopic Mayo scores.Most patients(75%)who experienced relapse were successfully treated with 5-ASA monotherapy,while one-fourth of them required corticosteroids.No patients required biologic agents,hospitalization,or surgical intervention.CONCLUSION Intermittent therapy may be safe and feasible for UC patients,especially those in long-term remission,with treatment interruption up to one year considered acceptable.展开更多
Accurate prediction of landslide displacement is crucial for effective early warning of landslide disasters.While most existing prediction methods focus on time-series forecasting for individual monitoring points,ther...Accurate prediction of landslide displacement is crucial for effective early warning of landslide disasters.While most existing prediction methods focus on time-series forecasting for individual monitoring points,there is limited research on the spatiotemporal characteristics of landslide deformation.This paper proposes a novel Multi-Relation Spatiotemporal Graph Residual Network with Multi-Level Feature Attention(MFA-MRSTGRN)that effectively improves the prediction performance of landslide displacement through spatiotemporal fusion.This model integrates internal seepage factors as data feature enhancements with external triggering factors,allowing for accurate capture of the complex spatiotemporal characteristics of landslide displacement and the construction of a multi-source heterogeneous dataset.The MFA-MRSTGRN model incorporates dynamic graph theory and four key modules:multilevel feature attention,temporal-residual decomposition,spatial multi-relational graph convolution,and spatiotemporal fusion prediction.This comprehensive approach enables the efficient analyses of multi-source heterogeneous datasets,facilitating adaptive exploration of the evolving multi-relational,multi-dimensional spatiotemporal complexities in landslides.When applying this model to predict the displacement of the Liangshuijing landslide,we demonstrate that the MFA-MRSTGRN model surpasses traditional models,such as random forest(RF),long short-term memory(LSTM),and spatial temporal graph convolutional networks(ST-GCN)models in terms of various evaluation metrics including mean absolute error(MAE=1.27 mm),root mean square error(RMSE=1.49 mm),mean absolute percentage error(MAPE=0.026),and R-squared(R^(2)=0.88).Furthermore,feature ablation experiments indicate that incorporating internal seepage factors improves the predictive performance of landslide displacement models.This research provides an advanced and reliable method for landslide displacement prediction.展开更多
As we look ahead to future lunar exploration missions, such as crewed lunar exploration and establishing lunar scientific research stations, the lunar rovers will need to cover vast distances. These distances could ra...As we look ahead to future lunar exploration missions, such as crewed lunar exploration and establishing lunar scientific research stations, the lunar rovers will need to cover vast distances. These distances could range from kilometers to tens of kilometers, and even hundreds and thousands of kilometers. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective long-range path planning for lunar rovers to meet the demands of lunar patrol exploration. This paper presents a hierarchical map model path planning method that utilizes the existing high-resolution images, digital elevation models and mineral abundance maps. The objective is to address the issue of the construction of lunar rover travel costs in the absence of large-scale, high-resolution digital elevation models. This method models the reference and semantic layers using the middle- and low-resolution remote sensing data. The multi-scale obstacles on the lunar surface are extracted by combining the deep learning algorithm on the high-resolution image, and the obstacle avoidance layer is modeled. A two-stage exploratory path planning decision is employed for long-distance driving path planning on a global–local scale. The proposed method analyzes the long-distance accessibility of various areas of scientific significance, such as Rima Bode. A high-precision digital elevation model is created using stereo images to validate the method. Based on the findings, it can be observed that the entire route spans a distance of 930.32 km. The route demonstrates an impressive ability to avoid meter-level impact craters and linear structures while maintaining an average slope of less than 8°. This paper explores scientific research by traversing at least seven basalt units, uncovering the secrets of lunar volcanic activities, and establishing ‘golden spike’ reference points for lunar stratigraphy. The final result of path planning can serve as a valuable reference for the design, mission demonstration, and subsequent project implementation of the new manned lunar rover.展开更多
Deep learning networks are increasingly exploited in the field of neuronal soma segmentation.However,annotating dataset is also an expensive and time-consuming task.Unsupervised domain adaptation is an effective metho...Deep learning networks are increasingly exploited in the field of neuronal soma segmentation.However,annotating dataset is also an expensive and time-consuming task.Unsupervised domain adaptation is an effective method to mitigate the problem,which is able to learn an adaptive segmentation model by transferring knowledge from a rich-labeled source domain.In this paper,we propose a multi-level distribution alignment-based unsupervised domain adaptation network(MDA-Net)for segmentation of 3D neuronal soma images.Distribution alignment is performed in both feature space and output space.In the feature space,features from different scales are adaptively fused to enhance the feature extraction capability for small target somata and con-strained to be domain invariant by adversarial adaptation strategy.In the output space,local discrepancy maps that can reveal the spatial structures of somata are constructed on the predicted segmentation results.Then thedistribution alignment is performed on the local discrepancies maps across domains to obtain a superior discrepancy map in the target domain,achieving refined segmentation performance of neuronal somata.Additionally,after a period of distribution align-ment procedure,a portion of target samples with high confident pseudo-labels are selected as training data,which assist in learning a more adaptive segmentation network.We verified the superiority of the proposed algorithm by comparing several domain adaptation networks on two 3D mouse brain neuronal somata datasets and one macaque brain neuronal soma dataset.展开更多
Thyroid nodules,a common disorder in the endocrine system,require accurate segmentation in ultrasound images for effective diagnosis and treatment.However,achieving precise segmentation remains a challenge due to vari...Thyroid nodules,a common disorder in the endocrine system,require accurate segmentation in ultrasound images for effective diagnosis and treatment.However,achieving precise segmentation remains a challenge due to various factors,including scattering noise,low contrast,and limited resolution in ultrasound images.Although existing segmentation models have made progress,they still suffer from several limitations,such as high error rates,low generalizability,overfitting,limited feature learning capability,etc.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a Multi-level Relation Transformer-based U-Net(MLRT-UNet)to improve thyroid nodule segmentation.The MLRTUNet leverages a novel Relation Transformer,which processes images at multiple scales,overcoming the limitations of traditional encoding methods.This transformer integrates both local and global features effectively through selfattention and cross-attention units,capturing intricate relationships within the data.The approach also introduces a Co-operative Transformer Fusion(CTF)module to combine multi-scale features from different encoding layers,enhancing the model’s ability to capture complex patterns in the data.Furthermore,the Relation Transformer block enhances long-distance dependencies during the decoding process,improving segmentation accuracy.Experimental results showthat the MLRT-UNet achieves high segmentation accuracy,reaching 98.2% on the Digital Database Thyroid Image(DDT)dataset,97.8% on the Thyroid Nodule 3493(TG3K)dataset,and 98.2% on the Thyroid Nodule3K(TN3K)dataset.These findings demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances the accuracy of thyroid nodule segmentation,addressing the limitations of existing models.展开更多
An access control model is proposed based on the famous Bell-LaPadula （BLP） model.In the proposed model,hierarchical relationships among departments are built,a new concept named post is proposed,and assigning secur...An access control model is proposed based on the famous Bell-LaPadula （BLP） model.In the proposed model,hierarchical relationships among departments are built,a new concept named post is proposed,and assigning security tags to subjects and objects is greatly simplified.The interoperation among different departments is implemented through assigning multiple security tags to one post, and the more departments are closed on the organization tree,the more secret objects can be exchanged by the staff of the departments.The access control matrices of the department,post and staff are defined.By using the three access control matrices,a multi granularity and flexible discretionary access control policy is implemented.The outstanding merit of the BLP model is inherited,and the new model can guarantee that all the information flow is under control.Finally,our study shows that compared to the BLP model,the proposed model is more flexible.展开更多
An effective shape signature namely multi-level included angle functions MIAFs is proposed to describe the hierarchy information ranging from global information to local variations of shape.Invariance to rotation tran...An effective shape signature namely multi-level included angle functions MIAFs is proposed to describe the hierarchy information ranging from global information to local variations of shape.Invariance to rotation translation and scaling are the intrinsic properties of the MIAFs.For each contour point the multi-level included angles are obtained based on the paired line segments derived from unequal-arc-length partitions of contour.And a Fourier descriptor derived from multi-level included angle functions MIAFD is presented for efficient shape retrieval.The proposed descriptor is evaluated with the standard performance evaluation method on three shape image databases the MPEG-7 database the Kimia-99 database and the Swedish leaf database. The experimental results of shape retrieval indicate that the MIAFD outperforms the existing Fourier descriptors and has low computational complexity.And the comparison of the MIAFD with other shape description methods also shows that the proposed descriptor has the highest precision at the same recall value which verifies its effectiveness.展开更多
A nickel base single crystal （SC） superalloy was directionally solidified using liquid metal cooling （LMC） process at various withdrawal rates. The microstructure was refined as increasing the withdrawal rate from...A nickel base single crystal （SC） superalloy was directionally solidified using liquid metal cooling （LMC） process at various withdrawal rates. The microstructure was refined as increasing the withdrawal rate from 3 to 12 mm/min. However, higher withdrawal rate of 15 mm/min induced the formation of stray grains. Size and volume fraction of the eutectics were found to decrease with the increasing in withdrawal rate. After solution heat treatment at 1250℃, un-dissolved eutectic was observed in specimens. High temperature creep rupture life was observed to be very sensitive to the fraction of these remaining eutectics. Creep rupture tests at 1000℃/235 MPa showed that refined microstructure and low fraction of the remaining eutectic lead to significant improvement of the rupture life.展开更多
Two tests initiated by unscrammed control rod withdrawal were performed on the High Temperature GasCooled Reactor-Test Module(HTR-10) in November 2003 after the reactor achieved its full power, and the test conditions...Two tests initiated by unscrammed control rod withdrawal were performed on the High Temperature GasCooled Reactor-Test Module(HTR-10) in November 2003 after the reactor achieved its full power, and the test conditions represented a typical transient scenario of modular high-temperature reactors(HTRs), called pressurized loss of forced cooling, and anticipated transient without scram.Based on the test parameters, the HTR-10 thermal behaviors under the test conditions were studied with the help of the system analysis code THERMIX. The combination of the test results and the investigation results makes the HTR-10 safety potential better understood. Key phenomena, such as the helium natural circulation and the temperature redistribution in the reactor, were revealed. As the safety feature of most significance, there is a large margin between the maximum fuel temperature and its safety limit in each test. Temperatures of thermocouples in different components were calculated by THERMIX and compared with the test values. The applicability of the code was verified by good agreement obtained from the comparison.展开更多
The amount of water withdrawn by wells is one of the quantitative variables that can be applied to estimate groundwater resources and further evaluate the human influence on groundwater systems. The accuracy for the c...The amount of water withdrawn by wells is one of the quantitative variables that can be applied to estimate groundwater resources and further evaluate the human influence on groundwater systems. The accuracy for the calculation of the amount of water withdrawal significantly influences the regional groundwater resource evaluation and management. However, the decentralized groundwater pumping, inefficient management, measurement errors and uncertainties have resulted in considerable errors in the groundwater withdrawal estimation. In this study, to improve the estimation of the groundwater withdrawal, an innovative approach was proposed using an inversion method based on a regional groundwater flow numerical model, and this method was then applied in the North China Plain. The principle of the method was matching the simulated water levels with the observation ones by adjusting the amount of groundwater withdrawal. In addition, uncertainty analysis of hydraulic conductivity and specific yield for the estimation of the groundwater withdrawal was conducted. By using the proposed inversion method, the estimated annual average groundwater withdrawal was approximately 24.92×10^9 m^3 in the North China Plain from 2002 to 2008. The inversion method also significantly improved the simulation results for both hydrograph and the flow field. Results of the uncertainty analysis showed that the hydraulic conductivity was more sensitive to the inversion results than the specific yield.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Following morphine withdrawal, anxiety is associated with abnormal norepinephrine content change. However, increasing blood lactic acid content can induce anxiety or panic in patients with anxiety disorde...BACKGROUND： Following morphine withdrawal, anxiety is associated with abnormal norepinephrine content change. However, increasing blood lactic acid content can induce anxiety or panic in patients with anxiety disorder or endogenous opioid peptide functional disorder. OBJECTIVE： This study was designed to observe the effects of electro-acupuncture, at the ＂Sanyinjiao＂ point （SP 6）, on brain tissue norepinephrine and blood lactic acid content in anxiety-model mice after morphine withdrawal. DESIGN： A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING： This study was performed in the Laboratory of Acupuncture, Electro-acupuncture ＆ Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, from June to September 2001. MATERIALS： A total of 50 healthy Kunming male mice were provided by the Laboratory Animal Center of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The protocol was performed in accordance with ethical guidelines stated in the Guide for the use and care of laboratory animals, approved by the Committee on the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council, China （1985）. Experimental reagents and equipment used were as follows： morphine hydrochloride （Lot No. 930503, Shenyang No.1 Pharmaceutical Factory, China）, norepinephrine （Sigma Chemical Company, USA）, fluorospectrophotometer （RF-510, Shimadzu Corporation, Japan）, Han electro-acupuncture apparatus （WQ 1002, No. zun （91）-227270-588, Beijing Anlong Photoelectricity-Technique Company, China）, and T-maze （self-made）. METHODS： A total of 50 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 10 mice in each group： blank control, T-maze, model, model ＋ electro-acupuncture, and electro-acupuncture groups. Establishment of anxiety model after morphine withdrawal： the mouse hot plate assay was used to detect the activity of morphine. The median effective dose of morphine, 2.95 mg/kg, was defined as the base. Mice were subcutaneously administered morphine, 3 times a day, for 4 days successively （initially 2.95 mg/kg, then increased day by day, as described below）. Interventions： In the model ＋ electro-acupuncture group, after model induction, mice were subjected electro-acupuncture at bilateral ＂Sanyinjiao＂ （SP6） points using a Han electro-acupuncture apparatus with sparse-dense waves and frequency of 2-100 Hz, once a day, for 6 days. In the model group, after anxiety-model induction, mice were subjected to fixation as same as model ＋ electro-acupuncture group within 6 days of model induction. In the electro-acupuncture group, the anxiety model was not induced and mice were subjected to fixation, electro-acupuncture and the T-maze test. In the T-maze group, the anxiety model was not induced and mice were subjected to fixation. The T-maze test was performed in the 4 groups after experiment. In the blank control group, the anxiety model was not induced and mice were subjected to fixation only. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Brain tissue norepinephrine content of morphine-withdrawal anxiety mice was detected by fluorospectrophotometry after 6 days of electro-acupuncture. Blood lactic acid content was detected by visible spectrophotometry. RESULTS： A total of 50 mice were included in the final analysis. Brain norepinephrine content was significantly greater in the model group compared to the T-maze, blank control, electro-acupuncture and model ＋ electro-acupuncture groups, （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. Brain norepinephrine content was similar between the model ＋ electro-acupuncture and the blank control groups （P 〉 0.05）. There was no significant difference in blood lactic acid content among the groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Electro-acupuncture lowers brain norepinephrine content but does not influence peripheral blood lactic acid content in morphine-withdrawn, anxiety-modeled mice. These results demonstrate that anxiety-inhibiting effects of electro-acupuncture, after morphine withdrawal, might be related to regulation of norepinephrine release.展开更多
Anti-tumour necrosis factor α(anti-TNFα) therapy is an established treatment in inflammatory bowel disease.However, this treatment is associated with high costs and the possibility of severe adverse events represent...Anti-tumour necrosis factor α(anti-TNFα) therapy is an established treatment in inflammatory bowel disease.However, this treatment is associated with high costs and the possibility of severe adverse events representing a true challenge for patients, clinicians and health care systems.Consequently, a crucial question is raised namely if therapy can be stopped once remission is achieved and if so, how and in whom.Additionally, in a real-life clinical setting, discontinuation may also be considered for other reasons such as the patient's preference, pregnancy, social reasons as moving to countries or continents with less access, or different local policy or reimbursement.In contrast to initiation of anti-TNFα therapy guidelines regarding stopping of this treatment are missing.As a result, the decision of discontinuation is still a challenging aspect in the use of anti-TNFα therapy.Currently this is typically based on an estimated, case-by-case, benefit-risk ratio.This editorial is intended to provide an overview of recent data on this topic and shed light on the proposed drug withdrawal strategies.展开更多
Anti-virus prophylactic therapy may be not nec- essary for the prevention of hepatitis B virus （HBV） recur- rence after HBV-related liver transplantation （LT）. However, studies on completely stopping the hepatitis...Anti-virus prophylactic therapy may be not nec- essary for the prevention of hepatitis B virus （HBV） recur- rence after HBV-related liver transplantation （LT）. However, studies on completely stopping the hepatitis B immune globu- lin （HBIG） and nucleos（t）ide analogs （NUC） after LT are few. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the safety of anti- virus prophylaxis withdrawal in liver recipients whose serum hepatitis B e antigen （HBeAg） and HBV DNA are negative. We analyzed 190 patients undergone LT for HBV-related liver dis- ease from 2006 to 2012 and found that 10 patients completely stopped the HBIG and NUC due to poor compliance. These patients were liver biopsied and checked monthly with serum HBV markers, HBV DNA and liver function. Among the 10 patients, 9 did not show the signs of HBV recurrence after a mean follow-up of 51.6 months （range 20-73） after with- drawal of the HBIG and NUC. The average time from LT to the withdrawal of the anti-virus drug was 23.8 （13-42） months; one patient showed hepatitis B surface antigen-positive and detectable HBV DNA after stopping anti-virus drugs and this patient was successfully treated with entecavir. Our data sug- gested that complete withdrawal of anti-virus prophylaxis was safe and feasible for patients whose serum HBeAg and HBV DNA were negative at the time of LT.展开更多
基金financially supported by Guangdong Province Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project(Grant No.2022B1515250009)Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation-Doctoral Research Start-up Fund Project(Grant No.2024-BSBA-05)+1 种基金Major Science and Technology Innovation Project in Shandong Province(Grant No.2024CXGC010803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52271269 and 12302147).
文摘The umbilical,a key component in offshore energy extraction,plays a vital role in ensuring the stable operation of the entire production system.The extensive variety of cross-sectional components creates highly complex layout combinations.Furthermore,due to constraints in component quantity and geometry within the cross-sectional layout,filler bodies must be incorporated to maintain cross-section performance.Conventional design approaches based on manual experience suffer from inefficiency,high variability,and difficulties in quantification.This paper presents a multi-level automatic filling optimization design method for umbilical cross-sectional layouts to address these limitations.Initially,the research establishes a multi-objective optimization model that considers compactness,balance,and wear resistance of the cross-section,employing an enhanced genetic algorithm to achieve a near-optimal layout.Subsequently,the study implements an image processing-based vacancy detection technique to accurately identify cross-sectional gaps.To manage the variability and diversity of these vacant regions,the research introduces a multi-level filling method that strategically selects and places filler bodies of varying dimensions,overcoming the constraints of uniform-size fillers.Additionally,the method incorporates a hierarchical strategy that subdivides the complex cross-section into multiple layers,enabling layer-by-layer optimization and filling.This approach reduces manufac-turing equipment requirements while ensuring practical production process feasibility.The methodology is validated through a specific umbilical case study.The results demonstrate improvements in compactness,balance,and wear resistance compared with the initial cross-section,offering novel insights and valuable references for filler design in umbilical cross-sections.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42301473,42271424,42171397)Chinese Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program(No.BX20230299)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M742884)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Nos.24NSFSC2264,2025ZNSFSC0322)Key Research and Development Project of Sichuan Province(No.24ZDYF0633).
文摘As a key node of modern transportation network,the informationization management of road tunnels is crucial to ensure the operation safety and traffic efficiency.However,the existing tunnel vehicle modeling methods generally have problems such as insufficient 3D scene description capability and low dynamic update efficiency,which are difficult to meet the demand of real-time accurate management.For this reason,this paper proposes a vehicle twin modeling method for road tunnels.This approach starts from the actual management needs,and supports multi-level dynamic modeling from vehicle type,size to color by constructing a vehicle model library that can be flexibly invoked;at the same time,semantic constraint rules with geometric layout,behavioral attributes,and spatial relationships are designed to ensure that the virtual model matches with the real model with a high degree of similarity;ultimately,the prototype system is constructed and the case region is selected for the case study,and the dynamic vehicle status in the tunnel is realized by integrating real-time monitoring data with semantic constraints for precise virtual-real mapping.Finally,the prototype system is constructed and case experiments are conducted in selected case areas,which are combined with real-time monitoring data to realize dynamic updating and three-dimensional visualization of vehicle states in tunnels.The experiments show that the proposed method can run smoothly with an average rendering efficiency of 17.70 ms while guaranteeing the modeling accuracy(composite similarity of 0.867),which significantly improves the real-time and intuitive tunnel management.The research results provide reliable technical support for intelligent operation and emergency response of road tunnels,and offer new ideas for digital twin modeling of complex scenes.
基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JSGG20220831092800001)。
文摘The microstructure of single crystal superalloy is relatively simple,consisting primarily ofγdendrites andγ/γ′eutectics.During the directional solidification process of Ni-based single crystal superalloys,withdrawal rate is a critical parameter affecting the spatial distribution ofγ/γ′eutectic along gravity direction.The results show that theγ/γ′eutectic fraction of the upper platform surface is always higher than that of the lower one,regardless of withdrawal rate.As the withdrawal rate decreases,there is a significant increase inγ/γ′eutectic fraction on the upper surface,while it decreases on the lower surface.The upward accumulation ofγ/γ′eutectic becomes more severe as the withdrawal rate decreases.It is also found that the percentage of Al+Ta is positively correlated with theγ/γ′eutectic fraction.Thermo-solute convection of Al and Ta solutes in the solidification front is the prime reason for the non-uniform distribution of eutectic.The non-uniform distribution ofγ/γ′eutectic cannot be eliminated even after subsequent solution heat treatment,resulting in excess eutectic on the upper surface and thus leading to the scrapping of the blade.
基金Supported by the R+D Project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by FEDER,EU,No.PID2021-122987OA-I00.
文摘BACKGROUND Psychotic disorders are characterized by both positive symptoms(hallucinations,delusions)and negative symptoms(emotional blunting,anhedonia)that impair daily functioning.While antipsychotic drugs and psychological interventions are effective when addressing positive symptoms,treatment of negative symptoms remains an ongoing challenge.Mindfulness-based interventions(MBIs)have been shown to reduce negative psychotic symptoms.However,as negative psychotic symptoms are assessed as a sole entity rather than a sum of manifestations,the effect of MBIs remains unclear.AIM To examine the effects of MBI in addition to integrated rehabilitation treatment(IRT)for people experiencing psychosis on each of the negative psychotic symptoms.METHODS A randomized controlled clinical trial with preintervention and postintervention measures was designed.The main outcome variable was negative psychotic symptoms assessed through the seven subscales of the Spanish version of the positive and negative syndrome scale.Data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance and reliable change index calculation.RESULTS There were no statistical differences between groups at the preintervention assessment.Statistically significant differences were found after MBI for the time in emotional withdrawal(F=37.75,P<0.001,η2=0.437)and social withdrawal(F=37.75,P<0.001,η2=0.437).CONCLUSION MBI added to IRT reduced the lack of interest and involvement with affective commitment to daily life activities,and interest and engagement in social activities increased.These negative psychotic symptoms were not improved by IRT alone.
基金Supported by the Young and Middle-Aged Talents Program of Wuxi Health Commission,No.BJ2020011Cohort Research Program of Wuxi Medical Center,Nanjing Medical University,No.WMCC202314Wuxi People’s Hospital 2024“Wild Goose Array Talent”Reserve Discipline Leader,No.2024-YZ-HBDTR-YC-2024.
文摘BACKGROUND Adenoma detection rate(ADR),a key colonoscopy quality metric,varies with patient demographics and procedural factors.AIM To identify independent predictors of≥25%ADR,develop a risk model,and propose withdrawal durations based on different insertion times.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 830 cases using logistic regression and identified four key factors,validated in a prospective cohort of 5699 patients.Their importance was confirmed using random forest(RF),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)and light gradient boosting machine(LightGBM).Attempts to determine targetachieving withdrawal time by grouping cases based on insertion time and Cox regression were inconclusive.Using the 5699-case dataset,we developed a predictive model combining support vector machine(SVM)with XGBoost.We built a Shiny app using this model for clinical application.RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression identified age[odds ratio(OR)=1.05;95%confidence interval(CI):1.03-1.08;P<0.001],male(OR=1.79;95%CI:1.32-2.41;P=0.005),higher endoscopist experience(OR=1.79;95%CI:1.20-2.68;P=0.005),and longer withdrawal time(P<0.001)as independent risk factors for colorectal adenoma.A nomogram demonstrated strong discrimination[area under the curve(AUC)=0.720],with robust calibration and decision-curve performance.Feature importance via RF,XGBoost,and LightGBM confirmed key predictors.A hybrid model combining SVM regression for withdrawal-time estimation and XGBoost classification achieved stable results,with XGBoost reporting AUCs of 0.640 in training and 0.610 in testing,and similar validation outcomes.Deployed via a Shiny app for clinical use.However,model discrimination was modest(AUC:0.61-0.64),suggesting that clinical utility requires further refinement.CONCLUSION A hybrid SVM-XGBoost model using four key endoscopic factors was independently validated and is available as a Shiny app,delivering real-time decision support to streamline endoscopy and enhance clinical outcomes.
文摘This invited commentary discusses the recent study by Atay et al,which investigated relapse rates following the spontaneous withdrawal of maintenance 5-aminosalicylates in ulcerative colitis.The discussion focuses,in this patient setting,on the possible reasons that might prompt clinicians to pursue such exit strategies,and on the importance of exercising caution in these decisions,given the extremely narrow subsets of patients for whom international guidelines allow any degree of leeway.
文摘BACKGROUND 5-aminosalicylates(5-ASA)are the primary treatment for mild to moderate ulcerative colitis(UC).Maintenance therapy with 5-ASA has been shown to reduce both the risk of relapse and colorectal cancer.AIM To evaluate the outcomes of 5-ASA withdrawal due to non-adherence in UC patients while in remission on monotherapy.METHODS Adult patients with UC who were followed up between July 2019 and April 2025 were screened.Patients in remission receiving 5-ASA monotherapy who experienced treatment withdrawal due to non-adherence were included in this study.RESULTS Among 880 patients with UC,30(3.4%)had 5-ASA withdrawal due to nonadherence while in remission on monotherapy.Twelve patients(40%)had disease relapse after a median of 20 months.The rate of patients in remission was 89%in the first year,decreasing to 73%in the second year,and to 64%in the third year.There were no significant differences between patients with and without relapse in terms of demographics,disease extent,remission duration before 5-ASA withdrawal,previous medications,steroid dependence,5-ASA formulation,baseline inflammatory markers,or partial and endoscopic Mayo scores.Most patients(75%)who experienced relapse were successfully treated with 5-ASA monotherapy,while one-fourth of them required corticosteroids.No patients required biologic agents,hospitalization,or surgical intervention.CONCLUSION Intermittent therapy may be safe and feasible for UC patients,especially those in long-term remission,with treatment interruption up to one year considered acceptable.
基金the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52308340)Chongqing Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Demonstration Team Project(Grant No.cstc2024ycjh-bgzxm0012)the Science and Technology Projects supported by China Coal Technology and Engineering Chongqing Design and Research Institute(Group)Co.,Ltd.(Grant No.H20230317).
文摘Accurate prediction of landslide displacement is crucial for effective early warning of landslide disasters.While most existing prediction methods focus on time-series forecasting for individual monitoring points,there is limited research on the spatiotemporal characteristics of landslide deformation.This paper proposes a novel Multi-Relation Spatiotemporal Graph Residual Network with Multi-Level Feature Attention(MFA-MRSTGRN)that effectively improves the prediction performance of landslide displacement through spatiotemporal fusion.This model integrates internal seepage factors as data feature enhancements with external triggering factors,allowing for accurate capture of the complex spatiotemporal characteristics of landslide displacement and the construction of a multi-source heterogeneous dataset.The MFA-MRSTGRN model incorporates dynamic graph theory and four key modules:multilevel feature attention,temporal-residual decomposition,spatial multi-relational graph convolution,and spatiotemporal fusion prediction.This comprehensive approach enables the efficient analyses of multi-source heterogeneous datasets,facilitating adaptive exploration of the evolving multi-relational,multi-dimensional spatiotemporal complexities in landslides.When applying this model to predict the displacement of the Liangshuijing landslide,we demonstrate that the MFA-MRSTGRN model surpasses traditional models,such as random forest(RF),long short-term memory(LSTM),and spatial temporal graph convolutional networks(ST-GCN)models in terms of various evaluation metrics including mean absolute error(MAE=1.27 mm),root mean square error(RMSE=1.49 mm),mean absolute percentage error(MAPE=0.026),and R-squared(R^(2)=0.88).Furthermore,feature ablation experiments indicate that incorporating internal seepage factors improves the predictive performance of landslide displacement models.This research provides an advanced and reliable method for landslide displacement prediction.
基金co-supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF0503100)the Youth Innovation Project of Pandeng Program of National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.E3PD40012S).
文摘As we look ahead to future lunar exploration missions, such as crewed lunar exploration and establishing lunar scientific research stations, the lunar rovers will need to cover vast distances. These distances could range from kilometers to tens of kilometers, and even hundreds and thousands of kilometers. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective long-range path planning for lunar rovers to meet the demands of lunar patrol exploration. This paper presents a hierarchical map model path planning method that utilizes the existing high-resolution images, digital elevation models and mineral abundance maps. The objective is to address the issue of the construction of lunar rover travel costs in the absence of large-scale, high-resolution digital elevation models. This method models the reference and semantic layers using the middle- and low-resolution remote sensing data. The multi-scale obstacles on the lunar surface are extracted by combining the deep learning algorithm on the high-resolution image, and the obstacle avoidance layer is modeled. A two-stage exploratory path planning decision is employed for long-distance driving path planning on a global–local scale. The proposed method analyzes the long-distance accessibility of various areas of scientific significance, such as Rima Bode. A high-precision digital elevation model is created using stereo images to validate the method. Based on the findings, it can be observed that the entire route spans a distance of 930.32 km. The route demonstrates an impressive ability to avoid meter-level impact craters and linear structures while maintaining an average slope of less than 8°. This paper explores scientific research by traversing at least seven basalt units, uncovering the secrets of lunar volcanic activities, and establishing ‘golden spike’ reference points for lunar stratigraphy. The final result of path planning can serve as a valuable reference for the design, mission demonstration, and subsequent project implementation of the new manned lunar rover.
基金supported by the Fund of Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province(No.BME20240001)the STI2030-Major Projects(No.2021ZD0200104)the National Natural Science Foundations of China under Grant 61771437.
文摘Deep learning networks are increasingly exploited in the field of neuronal soma segmentation.However,annotating dataset is also an expensive and time-consuming task.Unsupervised domain adaptation is an effective method to mitigate the problem,which is able to learn an adaptive segmentation model by transferring knowledge from a rich-labeled source domain.In this paper,we propose a multi-level distribution alignment-based unsupervised domain adaptation network(MDA-Net)for segmentation of 3D neuronal soma images.Distribution alignment is performed in both feature space and output space.In the feature space,features from different scales are adaptively fused to enhance the feature extraction capability for small target somata and con-strained to be domain invariant by adversarial adaptation strategy.In the output space,local discrepancy maps that can reveal the spatial structures of somata are constructed on the predicted segmentation results.Then thedistribution alignment is performed on the local discrepancies maps across domains to obtain a superior discrepancy map in the target domain,achieving refined segmentation performance of neuronal somata.Additionally,after a period of distribution align-ment procedure,a portion of target samples with high confident pseudo-labels are selected as training data,which assist in learning a more adaptive segmentation network.We verified the superiority of the proposed algorithm by comparing several domain adaptation networks on two 3D mouse brain neuronal somata datasets and one macaque brain neuronal soma dataset.
文摘Thyroid nodules,a common disorder in the endocrine system,require accurate segmentation in ultrasound images for effective diagnosis and treatment.However,achieving precise segmentation remains a challenge due to various factors,including scattering noise,low contrast,and limited resolution in ultrasound images.Although existing segmentation models have made progress,they still suffer from several limitations,such as high error rates,low generalizability,overfitting,limited feature learning capability,etc.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a Multi-level Relation Transformer-based U-Net(MLRT-UNet)to improve thyroid nodule segmentation.The MLRTUNet leverages a novel Relation Transformer,which processes images at multiple scales,overcoming the limitations of traditional encoding methods.This transformer integrates both local and global features effectively through selfattention and cross-attention units,capturing intricate relationships within the data.The approach also introduces a Co-operative Transformer Fusion(CTF)module to combine multi-scale features from different encoding layers,enhancing the model’s ability to capture complex patterns in the data.Furthermore,the Relation Transformer block enhances long-distance dependencies during the decoding process,improving segmentation accuracy.Experimental results showthat the MLRT-UNet achieves high segmentation accuracy,reaching 98.2% on the Digital Database Thyroid Image(DDT)dataset,97.8% on the Thyroid Nodule 3493(TG3K)dataset,and 98.2% on the Thyroid Nodule3K(TN3K)dataset.These findings demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances the accuracy of thyroid nodule segmentation,addressing the limitations of existing models.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60403027,60773191,70771043)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2007AA01Z403)
文摘An access control model is proposed based on the famous Bell-LaPadula （BLP） model.In the proposed model,hierarchical relationships among departments are built,a new concept named post is proposed,and assigning security tags to subjects and objects is greatly simplified.The interoperation among different departments is implemented through assigning multiple security tags to one post, and the more departments are closed on the organization tree,the more secret objects can be exchanged by the staff of the departments.The access control matrices of the department,post and staff are defined.By using the three access control matrices,a multi granularity and flexible discretionary access control policy is implemented.The outstanding merit of the BLP model is inherited,and the new model can guarantee that all the information flow is under control.Finally,our study shows that compared to the BLP model,the proposed model is more flexible.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61170116,61375010,60973064)
文摘An effective shape signature namely multi-level included angle functions MIAFs is proposed to describe the hierarchy information ranging from global information to local variations of shape.Invariance to rotation translation and scaling are the intrinsic properties of the MIAFs.For each contour point the multi-level included angles are obtained based on the paired line segments derived from unequal-arc-length partitions of contour.And a Fourier descriptor derived from multi-level included angle functions MIAFD is presented for efficient shape retrieval.The proposed descriptor is evaluated with the standard performance evaluation method on three shape image databases the MPEG-7 database the Kimia-99 database and the Swedish leaf database. The experimental results of shape retrieval indicate that the MIAFD outperforms the existing Fourier descriptors and has low computational complexity.And the comparison of the MIAFD with other shape description methods also shows that the proposed descriptor has the highest precision at the same recall value which verifies its effectiveness.
文摘A nickel base single crystal （SC） superalloy was directionally solidified using liquid metal cooling （LMC） process at various withdrawal rates. The microstructure was refined as increasing the withdrawal rate from 3 to 12 mm/min. However, higher withdrawal rate of 15 mm/min induced the formation of stray grains. Size and volume fraction of the eutectics were found to decrease with the increasing in withdrawal rate. After solution heat treatment at 1250℃, un-dissolved eutectic was observed in specimens. High temperature creep rupture life was observed to be very sensitive to the fraction of these remaining eutectics. Creep rupture tests at 1000℃/235 MPa showed that refined microstructure and low fraction of the remaining eutectic lead to significant improvement of the rupture life.
基金supported by the Chinese National S&T Major Project(No.ZX069)
文摘Two tests initiated by unscrammed control rod withdrawal were performed on the High Temperature GasCooled Reactor-Test Module(HTR-10) in November 2003 after the reactor achieved its full power, and the test conditions represented a typical transient scenario of modular high-temperature reactors(HTRs), called pressurized loss of forced cooling, and anticipated transient without scram.Based on the test parameters, the HTR-10 thermal behaviors under the test conditions were studied with the help of the system analysis code THERMIX. The combination of the test results and the investigation results makes the HTR-10 safety potential better understood. Key phenomena, such as the helium natural circulation and the temperature redistribution in the reactor, were revealed. As the safety feature of most significance, there is a large margin between the maximum fuel temperature and its safety limit in each test. Temperatures of thermocouples in different components were calculated by THERMIX and compared with the test values. The applicability of the code was verified by good agreement obtained from the comparison.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB428804)the Public Welfare Industry Special Funds for Scientific Research from Ministry of Land and Resources of China (No. 201211079-4).
文摘The amount of water withdrawn by wells is one of the quantitative variables that can be applied to estimate groundwater resources and further evaluate the human influence on groundwater systems. The accuracy for the calculation of the amount of water withdrawal significantly influences the regional groundwater resource evaluation and management. However, the decentralized groundwater pumping, inefficient management, measurement errors and uncertainties have resulted in considerable errors in the groundwater withdrawal estimation. In this study, to improve the estimation of the groundwater withdrawal, an innovative approach was proposed using an inversion method based on a regional groundwater flow numerical model, and this method was then applied in the North China Plain. The principle of the method was matching the simulated water levels with the observation ones by adjusting the amount of groundwater withdrawal. In addition, uncertainty analysis of hydraulic conductivity and specific yield for the estimation of the groundwater withdrawal was conducted. By using the proposed inversion method, the estimated annual average groundwater withdrawal was approximately 24.92×10^9 m^3 in the North China Plain from 2002 to 2008. The inversion method also significantly improved the simulation results for both hydrograph and the flow field. Results of the uncertainty analysis showed that the hydraulic conductivity was more sensitive to the inversion results than the specific yield.
基金the Grant from Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Province, No. 2000-48
文摘BACKGROUND： Following morphine withdrawal, anxiety is associated with abnormal norepinephrine content change. However, increasing blood lactic acid content can induce anxiety or panic in patients with anxiety disorder or endogenous opioid peptide functional disorder. OBJECTIVE： This study was designed to observe the effects of electro-acupuncture, at the ＂Sanyinjiao＂ point （SP 6）, on brain tissue norepinephrine and blood lactic acid content in anxiety-model mice after morphine withdrawal. DESIGN： A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING： This study was performed in the Laboratory of Acupuncture, Electro-acupuncture ＆ Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, from June to September 2001. MATERIALS： A total of 50 healthy Kunming male mice were provided by the Laboratory Animal Center of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The protocol was performed in accordance with ethical guidelines stated in the Guide for the use and care of laboratory animals, approved by the Committee on the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council, China （1985）. Experimental reagents and equipment used were as follows： morphine hydrochloride （Lot No. 930503, Shenyang No.1 Pharmaceutical Factory, China）, norepinephrine （Sigma Chemical Company, USA）, fluorospectrophotometer （RF-510, Shimadzu Corporation, Japan）, Han electro-acupuncture apparatus （WQ 1002, No. zun （91）-227270-588, Beijing Anlong Photoelectricity-Technique Company, China）, and T-maze （self-made）. METHODS： A total of 50 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 10 mice in each group： blank control, T-maze, model, model ＋ electro-acupuncture, and electro-acupuncture groups. Establishment of anxiety model after morphine withdrawal： the mouse hot plate assay was used to detect the activity of morphine. The median effective dose of morphine, 2.95 mg/kg, was defined as the base. Mice were subcutaneously administered morphine, 3 times a day, for 4 days successively （initially 2.95 mg/kg, then increased day by day, as described below）. Interventions： In the model ＋ electro-acupuncture group, after model induction, mice were subjected electro-acupuncture at bilateral ＂Sanyinjiao＂ （SP6） points using a Han electro-acupuncture apparatus with sparse-dense waves and frequency of 2-100 Hz, once a day, for 6 days. In the model group, after anxiety-model induction, mice were subjected to fixation as same as model ＋ electro-acupuncture group within 6 days of model induction. In the electro-acupuncture group, the anxiety model was not induced and mice were subjected to fixation, electro-acupuncture and the T-maze test. In the T-maze group, the anxiety model was not induced and mice were subjected to fixation. The T-maze test was performed in the 4 groups after experiment. In the blank control group, the anxiety model was not induced and mice were subjected to fixation only. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Brain tissue norepinephrine content of morphine-withdrawal anxiety mice was detected by fluorospectrophotometry after 6 days of electro-acupuncture. Blood lactic acid content was detected by visible spectrophotometry. RESULTS： A total of 50 mice were included in the final analysis. Brain norepinephrine content was significantly greater in the model group compared to the T-maze, blank control, electro-acupuncture and model ＋ electro-acupuncture groups, （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. Brain norepinephrine content was similar between the model ＋ electro-acupuncture and the blank control groups （P 〉 0.05）. There was no significant difference in blood lactic acid content among the groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Electro-acupuncture lowers brain norepinephrine content but does not influence peripheral blood lactic acid content in morphine-withdrawn, anxiety-modeled mice. These results demonstrate that anxiety-inhibiting effects of electro-acupuncture, after morphine withdrawal, might be related to regulation of norepinephrine release.
文摘Anti-tumour necrosis factor α(anti-TNFα) therapy is an established treatment in inflammatory bowel disease.However, this treatment is associated with high costs and the possibility of severe adverse events representing a true challenge for patients, clinicians and health care systems.Consequently, a crucial question is raised namely if therapy can be stopped once remission is achieved and if so, how and in whom.Additionally, in a real-life clinical setting, discontinuation may also be considered for other reasons such as the patient's preference, pregnancy, social reasons as moving to countries or continents with less access, or different local policy or reimbursement.In contrast to initiation of anti-TNFα therapy guidelines regarding stopping of this treatment are missing.As a result, the decision of discontinuation is still a challenging aspect in the use of anti-TNFα therapy.Currently this is typically based on an estimated, case-by-case, benefit-risk ratio.This editorial is intended to provide an overview of recent data on this topic and shed light on the proposed drug withdrawal strategies.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81373160 and 81400673)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ15H030003 and LY14H160022)
文摘Anti-virus prophylactic therapy may be not nec- essary for the prevention of hepatitis B virus （HBV） recur- rence after HBV-related liver transplantation （LT）. However, studies on completely stopping the hepatitis B immune globu- lin （HBIG） and nucleos（t）ide analogs （NUC） after LT are few. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the safety of anti- virus prophylaxis withdrawal in liver recipients whose serum hepatitis B e antigen （HBeAg） and HBV DNA are negative. We analyzed 190 patients undergone LT for HBV-related liver dis- ease from 2006 to 2012 and found that 10 patients completely stopped the HBIG and NUC due to poor compliance. These patients were liver biopsied and checked monthly with serum HBV markers, HBV DNA and liver function. Among the 10 patients, 9 did not show the signs of HBV recurrence after a mean follow-up of 51.6 months （range 20-73） after with- drawal of the HBIG and NUC. The average time from LT to the withdrawal of the anti-virus drug was 23.8 （13-42） months; one patient showed hepatitis B surface antigen-positive and detectable HBV DNA after stopping anti-virus drugs and this patient was successfully treated with entecavir. Our data sug- gested that complete withdrawal of anti-virus prophylaxis was safe and feasible for patients whose serum HBeAg and HBV DNA were negative at the time of LT.
