The increasing population and continuous urbanization make food security a key consideration in sustainable development.Efficient farming strategies with low environmental footprints are thus increasingly required to ...The increasing population and continuous urbanization make food security a key consideration in sustainable development.Efficient farming strategies with low environmental footprints are thus increasingly required to meet food demands.This study presents a design for environmentally friendly,economical,and modular vertical farming systems,in which vegetables are cultivated in a carbon dioxide(CO_(2))-enriched atmosphere enabled by direct air capture(DAC)and subjected to artificial light exposure.We established a vertical farming setup and conducted experiments to identify productive cultivation strategies by regulating lighting,CO_(2)concentration,biochar application,and plant species.Additionally,a self-developed DAC rotary adsorber was utilized to achieve stable and efficient CO_(2)enrichment.Compared with the control group,the fresh weight of the vegetables in the experimental groups increased by up to 57.5%.Furthermore,we performed a comprehensive evaluation of the design and demonstrated that integrating photovoltaic-thermal(PVT)and DAC units increased the system’s net present value(NPV)by 157%compared with a conventional design without these units.Importantly,we found it possible to maintain the low carbon footprint of the system(0.468 kg-CO_(2)equivalent·kg−1(CO_(2)eq·kg−1)-vegetable)in the production process.Parametric studies and an application analysis on a global scale reveal the wide adaptability of this strategy to diverse conditions.These findings,together with the modular characteristics of vertical farming systems,highlight the promising potential of this design to increase food security and foster sustainable agriculture.展开更多
The development of new technology for food production is essential to sustain man’s needs for survival. The use of farmlands for food production and industrial purposes goes beyond the carrying capacity of the enviro...The development of new technology for food production is essential to sustain man’s needs for survival. The use of farmlands for food production and industrial purposes goes beyond the carrying capacity of the environment. The study determined the applicability of Vertical Farming using Hydroponic Technology to onion production in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The country is known as the onion capital of Southeast Asia. The study measured the technology’s sustainability and acceptability to onion farmers. By using experimental method, interview, and Focused Group Discussions (FGD), the study established its viability. Three phases of field experiments were conducted in August 2016, May 2017 and July 2017 using the Vertical Farming and Hydroponics Technology and Single Factor Analysis of Variance. The results showed that there is significant difference in the growth of onion bulb per week and the suitability and comparability of the technology to conventional farming. The study concluded that the VFH technology is acceptable to most onion farmers except the aspect of the cost of initial investment which requires government subsidy for the ordinary onion grower to avail of this new and sustainable technology in onion production.展开更多
With the growing global urban population and the emergence of megacities, there is a huge demand for arable land to meet the food demand and reduce malnutrition. Conventional agricultural practices lead to deforestati...With the growing global urban population and the emergence of megacities, there is a huge demand for arable land to meet the food demand and reduce malnutrition. Conventional agricultural practices lead to deforestation of the land for crop production and agricultural intensification to produce higher yield per unit area. These activities have been established to have negative impact on the environment thereby causing soil and water pollution. It is important to consider the use of vertical farming technology, which utilizes both horizontal and vertical space, and efficiently uses nutrients, water, and time (off season production with artificial lighting) more effectively to produce higher yield per unit volume of space than the conventional outdoor farming. Microgreens are taken into consideration to be grown under innovative vertical farming technology since they are rich in phytonutrients and they can be harvested in a short period of time. This paper reviews the current growing conditions of microgreens in vertical farming such as crop selection, media, light, nutrient solution, and containers while identifying knowledge gaps. Further, study in this area may lead to improved growing conditions to help solve the global issues and challenges surrounding food security, safety, and resource optimization.展开更多
The study aimed to develop a vertical crop cultivation system for leafy plants based on cylindrical hydroponics and light emitting diode （LED） technology. Investigations were conducted on growing lettuce （Lactuca s...The study aimed to develop a vertical crop cultivation system for leafy plants based on cylindrical hydroponics and light emitting diode （LED） technology. Investigations were conducted on growing lettuce （Lactuca sativa cv. ＂Rex＂, ＂Nanda＂ and ＂Canasta＂） indoors in a rotary system and Chinese cabbage （Brassica chinensis） in a multi-tier cylindrical hydroponics system under red and blue （RB） LED lightings. Light intensity from different light sources have an influence on the yield and growth behaviour of indoor lettuce. Photosynthetically active radiation （PAR） levels at 63 μmol/m2·s produced low fresh weights （FW） and leaf areas of lettuce ＂Rex＂ and ＂Nanda＂ were grown under rotating conditions. The effect was, however, different on the better developed ＂Canasta＂. Stem etiolation was a common occurrence under such influence. Chlorosis was not observed on all plant types grown under the LEDs. Cultivating Chinese cabbage plants （FW： 28 g/plant） in cylindrical units stacked vertically above another, increased planting density by 47% when compared to the rotary system,展开更多
Determining earth pressure on jacked pipes is essential for ensuring lining safety and calculating jacking force,especially for deep-buried pipes.To better reflect the soil arching effect resulting from the excavation...Determining earth pressure on jacked pipes is essential for ensuring lining safety and calculating jacking force,especially for deep-buried pipes.To better reflect the soil arching effect resulting from the excavation of rectangular jacked pipes and the distribution of the earth pressure on jacked pipes,we present an analytical solution for predicting the vertical earth pressure on deep-buried rectangular pipe jacking tunnels,incorporating the tunnelling-induced ground loss distribution.Our proposed analytical model consists of the upper multi-layer parabolic soil arch and the lower friction arch.The key parameters(i.e.,width and height of friction arch B and height of parabolic soil arch H 1)are determined according to the existing research,and an analytical solution for K l is derived based on the distribution characteristics of the principal stress rotation angle.With consideration for the transition effect of the mechanical characteristics of the parabolic arch zone,an analytical solution for soil load transfer is derived.The prediction results of our analytical solution are compared with tests and simulation results to validate the effectiveness of the proposed analytical solution.Finally,the effects of different parameters on the soil pressure are discussed.展开更多
The 21st century keeps huge challenges for the system “city”. Shortage of resources and world population growth forces architects to think in spaces with increasingly more structural linkages. No era has shaped the ...The 21st century keeps huge challenges for the system “city”. Shortage of resources and world population growth forces architects to think in spaces with increasingly more structural linkages. No era has shaped the system of a city like the oil age did. Its grown structures are dependent from cheap and easy to produce petroleum. The postmodern city, facing the end of cheap and abundant oil, is now dependent from this finite resource. To minimize the dependency from hydrocarbon energy it is necessary to increase urban density, to switch to renewable energy production and to create new spaces for multifunctional purposes. An essential problem of urban agglomeration, though, is the fact that distances between food production and consumption have increased drastically in the last fifty years. Cheap oil made it possible to implement a global food transportation network and it also supported intensive monocultural food production. Today’s food no more gets bought from local markets, but from labels. Its value is dependent from the brand-image, represented from the tertiary sector. The end of cheap fossil fuels carries a huge potential for architects and urban planners—we can move away from representing abstract, non-spatial processes and identities but creating spaces for dynamic local interactions. A promising typus for this might be the Vertical Farm.展开更多
Optimizing plant architecture for specific cultivation methods is essential for enhancing fruit productivity.Unlike indeterminate growth plants,the total productivity of determinate growth plants relies on cumulative ...Optimizing plant architecture for specific cultivation methods is essential for enhancing fruit productivity.Unlike indeterminate growth plants,the total productivity of determinate growth plants relies on cumulative fruit production and synchronized fruit ripening from both main and axillary shoots.Here,we focused on SlD14and SlMAX1,two key genes involved in the regulation of strigolactone(SL)signaling and biosynthesis,with the goal of maximizing yield and syn chronizing fruit ripening by fine-tuning axillary shoot growth.Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)technology,we found that the sld14,slmax1,and sld14 slmax1mutant plants exhibited reduced plant height and increased axillary shoot proliferation compared to wild-type plants.However,these mutants showed reduced yield and delayed ripening,likely due to a source-sink imbalance caused by excessive axillary shoot development.A weak sld14 allele displayed a milder phenotype,maintaining total fruit yield and harvest index despite smaller individual fruit size.These findings indicate that allelic variation in SL-related genes can influence plant architecture and yield components.Our results suggest that weak or partial alleles may serve as promising targets for tailoring tomato architecture to space-limited cultivation systems.展开更多
Preparation of large scale aluminium alloy cylindrical preforms have been studied by the methods of vertical spray deposition and tilted spray deposition respectively. The results show that aluminium alloy cylindrical...Preparation of large scale aluminium alloy cylindrical preforms have been studied by the methods of vertical spray deposition and tilted spray deposition respectively. The results show that aluminium alloy cylindrical preforms of a size up to d 320 mm×500 mm can take shape well by applying multi layer tilted spray deposition technology if the process is controlled properly. The spray system scans in a radius ranging from the center to the rim of the preform, and the velocity is inversely proportional to the displacement. The multi layer deposited preforms exhibit high cooling rate. The larger the diameter is and the higher the cooling rate and yield are.展开更多
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines(VAWTs)offer several advantages over horizontal axis wind turbines(HAWTs),including quieter operation,ease of maintenance,and simplified construction.Surprisingly,despite the prevailing beli...Vertical Axis Wind Turbines(VAWTs)offer several advantages over horizontal axis wind turbines(HAWTs),including quieter operation,ease of maintenance,and simplified construction.Surprisingly,despite the prevailing belief that HAWTs outperform VAWTs as individual units,VAWTs demonstrate higher power density when arranged in clusters.This phenomenon arises from positive wake interactions downstream of VAWTs,potentially enhancing the overall wind farm performances.In contrast,wake interactions negatively impact HAWT farms,reducing their efficiency.This paper extensively reviews the potential of VAWT clusters to increase energy output and reduce wind energy costs.A precise terminology is introduced to clarify ambiguous terms researchers use to quantify cluster parameters.While examining commonly studied and proposed VAWT cluster configurations,several aspects are discussed such as aerodynamic interactions,wake characteristics,structural dynamics,and performance metrics.Additionally,the current state-of-the-art and research gaps are critically described.The review also covers computational modeling,optimization techniques,advanced control strategies,machine learning applications,economic considerations,and the influence of terrain and application locations.展开更多
Vertical farming offers significant potential to tackle global challenges like urbanization,food security,and climate change.However,its widespread adoption is hindered by high costs,substantial energy demands,and thu...Vertical farming offers significant potential to tackle global challenges like urbanization,food security,and climate change.However,its widespread adoption is hindered by high costs,substantial energy demands,and thus low production efficiency.The limited range of economically viable crops further compounds these challenges.Beyond advancing infrastructure,rapidly developing crop cultivars tailored for vertical farming(VF)are essential to enhancing production efficiency.The gibberellin biosynthesis genes GA20-oxidase fueled the Green Revolution in cereals,while the anti-florigen genes SELF-PRUNING(SP)and SELF-PRUNING 5G(SP5G)revolutionized tomato production.Here,we engineer tomato germplasm optimized for VF by leveraging genome editing to integrate Green Revolution gene homologs and anti-florigen genes.Knocking out the tomato SlGA20ox1 gene,but not SlGA20ox2,results in a promising VF-suitable plant architecture featuring short stems and a compact canopy.When cultivated in a commercial vertical farm with multi-layered,LED-equipped automated hydroponic growth systems,slga20ox1 mutants saved space occupation by 75%,achieving a 38%-69%fruit yield increase with higher planting density,less space occupation,and lower lighting power consumption.Stacking SlGA20ox1 with SP and SP5G genes created a more compact plant architecture with accelerated flowering and synchronized fruit ripening.In commercial vertical farms,the sp sp5g slga20ox1 triple mutant reduced space occupation by 85%,shortened the harvest cycle by 16%and increased effective yield by 180%,significantly enhancing production efficiency.Our study demonstrates the potential of integrating agriculture practice-validated genes to rapidly develop tomato cultivars tailored for VF,providing a proof-of-concept for leveraging genome editing to boost production efficiency in VF.展开更多
This paper analyzes the wave absorption efficiency of multi-layer perforated plates in an ideal fluid, based on the linear potential flow theory. The influence of the thickness, the porosity and the layout form of the...This paper analyzes the wave absorption efficiency of multi-layer perforated plates in an ideal fluid, based on the linear potential flow theory. The influence of the thickness, the porosity and the layout form of the plates on the wave absorptivity is studied on the assumption that all perforated plates are composed of the same materials and have the same thickness and porosity. The calculation results indicate that the larger the number of layers of the perforated plate set, the better the wave absorption efficiency, however, when the layer number exceeds a certain value, the efficiency of the plates is not significantly increased. For the case of porosity ？= 0.2, thickness b= 0.07 m and 4 layers of perforated plates with a distance l= 1.0 m between the layers, 90% of the energy of the wave within the incident wave period between 1.6 s and 4.4 s can be absorbed.展开更多
Buildings could play a critical role in energy and food production while making highdensity cities more resilient.Productive facades(PFs),as flexible and multi-functional systems integrating photovoltaic(PV)and vertic...Buildings could play a critical role in energy and food production while making highdensity cities more resilient.Productive facades(PFs),as flexible and multi-functional systems integrating photovoltaic(PV)and vertical farming(VF)systems,could contribute to transforming buildings and communities from consumers to producers.This study analyses the architectural quality of the developed PF concept drawing on the findings of a web-survey conducted among experts e building professionals in Singapore.The developed design variants are compared with regards to key design aspects such as facade aesthetics,view from the inside,materialisation,ease of operation,functionality and overall architectural quality.The study also compares and discusses the results of the web-survey with the results of a previously conducted door-to-door survey among the potential users-residents of the Housing&Development Board(HDB)blocks.The findings confirm an overall acceptance of the PF concept and reveal a need for synergetic collaboration between architects/designers and other building professionals.Based on the defined PF design framework and the results of the two surveys,a series of recommendations and improved PF prototypes are proposed for further assessment and implementation in order to foster their scalability from buildings into communities and cities.展开更多
基金the National Research Foundation(NRF),Prime Minister’s Office,Singapore,under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE)program(A-0001032-01-00)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52376011).
文摘The increasing population and continuous urbanization make food security a key consideration in sustainable development.Efficient farming strategies with low environmental footprints are thus increasingly required to meet food demands.This study presents a design for environmentally friendly,economical,and modular vertical farming systems,in which vegetables are cultivated in a carbon dioxide(CO_(2))-enriched atmosphere enabled by direct air capture(DAC)and subjected to artificial light exposure.We established a vertical farming setup and conducted experiments to identify productive cultivation strategies by regulating lighting,CO_(2)concentration,biochar application,and plant species.Additionally,a self-developed DAC rotary adsorber was utilized to achieve stable and efficient CO_(2)enrichment.Compared with the control group,the fresh weight of the vegetables in the experimental groups increased by up to 57.5%.Furthermore,we performed a comprehensive evaluation of the design and demonstrated that integrating photovoltaic-thermal(PVT)and DAC units increased the system’s net present value(NPV)by 157%compared with a conventional design without these units.Importantly,we found it possible to maintain the low carbon footprint of the system(0.468 kg-CO_(2)equivalent·kg−1(CO_(2)eq·kg−1)-vegetable)in the production process.Parametric studies and an application analysis on a global scale reveal the wide adaptability of this strategy to diverse conditions.These findings,together with the modular characteristics of vertical farming systems,highlight the promising potential of this design to increase food security and foster sustainable agriculture.
文摘The development of new technology for food production is essential to sustain man’s needs for survival. The use of farmlands for food production and industrial purposes goes beyond the carrying capacity of the environment. The study determined the applicability of Vertical Farming using Hydroponic Technology to onion production in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The country is known as the onion capital of Southeast Asia. The study measured the technology’s sustainability and acceptability to onion farmers. By using experimental method, interview, and Focused Group Discussions (FGD), the study established its viability. Three phases of field experiments were conducted in August 2016, May 2017 and July 2017 using the Vertical Farming and Hydroponics Technology and Single Factor Analysis of Variance. The results showed that there is significant difference in the growth of onion bulb per week and the suitability and comparability of the technology to conventional farming. The study concluded that the VFH technology is acceptable to most onion farmers except the aspect of the cost of initial investment which requires government subsidy for the ordinary onion grower to avail of this new and sustainable technology in onion production.
文摘With the growing global urban population and the emergence of megacities, there is a huge demand for arable land to meet the food demand and reduce malnutrition. Conventional agricultural practices lead to deforestation of the land for crop production and agricultural intensification to produce higher yield per unit area. These activities have been established to have negative impact on the environment thereby causing soil and water pollution. It is important to consider the use of vertical farming technology, which utilizes both horizontal and vertical space, and efficiently uses nutrients, water, and time (off season production with artificial lighting) more effectively to produce higher yield per unit volume of space than the conventional outdoor farming. Microgreens are taken into consideration to be grown under innovative vertical farming technology since they are rich in phytonutrients and they can be harvested in a short period of time. This paper reviews the current growing conditions of microgreens in vertical farming such as crop selection, media, light, nutrient solution, and containers while identifying knowledge gaps. Further, study in this area may lead to improved growing conditions to help solve the global issues and challenges surrounding food security, safety, and resource optimization.
文摘The study aimed to develop a vertical crop cultivation system for leafy plants based on cylindrical hydroponics and light emitting diode （LED） technology. Investigations were conducted on growing lettuce （Lactuca sativa cv. ＂Rex＂, ＂Nanda＂ and ＂Canasta＂） indoors in a rotary system and Chinese cabbage （Brassica chinensis） in a multi-tier cylindrical hydroponics system under red and blue （RB） LED lightings. Light intensity from different light sources have an influence on the yield and growth behaviour of indoor lettuce. Photosynthetically active radiation （PAR） levels at 63 μmol/m2·s produced low fresh weights （FW） and leaf areas of lettuce ＂Rex＂ and ＂Nanda＂ were grown under rotating conditions. The effect was, however, different on the better developed ＂Canasta＂. Stem etiolation was a common occurrence under such influence. Chlorosis was not observed on all plant types grown under the LEDs. Cultivating Chinese cabbage plants （FW： 28 g/plant） in cylindrical units stacked vertically above another, increased planting density by 47% when compared to the rotary system,
基金Project(2022YJS073)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ChinaProject(2024YFE0198500)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China:Intergovernmental International Science and Technology Innovation CooperationProject(U2469207)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Railway Innovation and Development Joint Fund Project,China。
文摘Determining earth pressure on jacked pipes is essential for ensuring lining safety and calculating jacking force,especially for deep-buried pipes.To better reflect the soil arching effect resulting from the excavation of rectangular jacked pipes and the distribution of the earth pressure on jacked pipes,we present an analytical solution for predicting the vertical earth pressure on deep-buried rectangular pipe jacking tunnels,incorporating the tunnelling-induced ground loss distribution.Our proposed analytical model consists of the upper multi-layer parabolic soil arch and the lower friction arch.The key parameters(i.e.,width and height of friction arch B and height of parabolic soil arch H 1)are determined according to the existing research,and an analytical solution for K l is derived based on the distribution characteristics of the principal stress rotation angle.With consideration for the transition effect of the mechanical characteristics of the parabolic arch zone,an analytical solution for soil load transfer is derived.The prediction results of our analytical solution are compared with tests and simulation results to validate the effectiveness of the proposed analytical solution.Finally,the effects of different parameters on the soil pressure are discussed.
文摘The 21st century keeps huge challenges for the system “city”. Shortage of resources and world population growth forces architects to think in spaces with increasingly more structural linkages. No era has shaped the system of a city like the oil age did. Its grown structures are dependent from cheap and easy to produce petroleum. The postmodern city, facing the end of cheap and abundant oil, is now dependent from this finite resource. To minimize the dependency from hydrocarbon energy it is necessary to increase urban density, to switch to renewable energy production and to create new spaces for multifunctional purposes. An essential problem of urban agglomeration, though, is the fact that distances between food production and consumption have increased drastically in the last fifty years. Cheap oil made it possible to implement a global food transportation network and it also supported intensive monocultural food production. Today’s food no more gets bought from local markets, but from labels. Its value is dependent from the brand-image, represented from the tertiary sector. The end of cheap fossil fuels carries a huge potential for architects and urban planners—we can move away from representing abstract, non-spatial processes and identities but creating spaces for dynamic local interactions. A promising typus for this might be the Vertical Farm.
基金funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant from the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT),Republic of Korea(Nos.RS-2024-00407469 and RS-2025-00517964)the BK21 FOUR program of Graduate School,Kyung Hee University(GS-1-JO-NON-20240417)。
文摘Optimizing plant architecture for specific cultivation methods is essential for enhancing fruit productivity.Unlike indeterminate growth plants,the total productivity of determinate growth plants relies on cumulative fruit production and synchronized fruit ripening from both main and axillary shoots.Here,we focused on SlD14and SlMAX1,two key genes involved in the regulation of strigolactone(SL)signaling and biosynthesis,with the goal of maximizing yield and syn chronizing fruit ripening by fine-tuning axillary shoot growth.Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)technology,we found that the sld14,slmax1,and sld14 slmax1mutant plants exhibited reduced plant height and increased axillary shoot proliferation compared to wild-type plants.However,these mutants showed reduced yield and delayed ripening,likely due to a source-sink imbalance caused by excessive axillary shoot development.A weak sld14 allele displayed a milder phenotype,maintaining total fruit yield and harvest index despite smaller individual fruit size.These findings indicate that allelic variation in SL-related genes can influence plant architecture and yield components.Our results suggest that weak or partial alleles may serve as promising targets for tailoring tomato architecture to space-limited cultivation systems.
文摘Preparation of large scale aluminium alloy cylindrical preforms have been studied by the methods of vertical spray deposition and tilted spray deposition respectively. The results show that aluminium alloy cylindrical preforms of a size up to d 320 mm×500 mm can take shape well by applying multi layer tilted spray deposition technology if the process is controlled properly. The spray system scans in a radius ranging from the center to the rim of the preform, and the velocity is inversely proportional to the displacement. The multi layer deposited preforms exhibit high cooling rate. The larger the diameter is and the higher the cooling rate and yield are.
文摘Vertical Axis Wind Turbines(VAWTs)offer several advantages over horizontal axis wind turbines(HAWTs),including quieter operation,ease of maintenance,and simplified construction.Surprisingly,despite the prevailing belief that HAWTs outperform VAWTs as individual units,VAWTs demonstrate higher power density when arranged in clusters.This phenomenon arises from positive wake interactions downstream of VAWTs,potentially enhancing the overall wind farm performances.In contrast,wake interactions negatively impact HAWT farms,reducing their efficiency.This paper extensively reviews the potential of VAWT clusters to increase energy output and reduce wind energy costs.A precise terminology is introduced to clarify ambiguous terms researchers use to quantify cluster parameters.While examining commonly studied and proposed VAWT cluster configurations,several aspects are discussed such as aerodynamic interactions,wake characteristics,structural dynamics,and performance metrics.Additionally,the current state-of-the-art and research gaps are critically described.The review also covers computational modeling,optimization techniques,advanced control strategies,machine learning applications,economic considerations,and the influence of terrain and application locations.
基金supported by the Cooperation Project of China,the Netherlands(CAS-NWO)(151111KYSB20210001)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-078)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32225045)to C.X.
文摘Vertical farming offers significant potential to tackle global challenges like urbanization,food security,and climate change.However,its widespread adoption is hindered by high costs,substantial energy demands,and thus low production efficiency.The limited range of economically viable crops further compounds these challenges.Beyond advancing infrastructure,rapidly developing crop cultivars tailored for vertical farming(VF)are essential to enhancing production efficiency.The gibberellin biosynthesis genes GA20-oxidase fueled the Green Revolution in cereals,while the anti-florigen genes SELF-PRUNING(SP)and SELF-PRUNING 5G(SP5G)revolutionized tomato production.Here,we engineer tomato germplasm optimized for VF by leveraging genome editing to integrate Green Revolution gene homologs and anti-florigen genes.Knocking out the tomato SlGA20ox1 gene,but not SlGA20ox2,results in a promising VF-suitable plant architecture featuring short stems and a compact canopy.When cultivated in a commercial vertical farm with multi-layered,LED-equipped automated hydroponic growth systems,slga20ox1 mutants saved space occupation by 75%,achieving a 38%-69%fruit yield increase with higher planting density,less space occupation,and lower lighting power consumption.Stacking SlGA20ox1 with SP and SP5G genes created a more compact plant architecture with accelerated flowering and synchronized fruit ripening.In commercial vertical farms,the sp sp5g slga20ox1 triple mutant reduced space occupation by 85%,shortened the harvest cycle by 16%and increased effective yield by 180%,significantly enhancing production efficiency.Our study demonstrates the potential of integrating agriculture practice-validated genes to rapidly develop tomato cultivars tailored for VF,providing a proof-of-concept for leveraging genome editing to boost production efficiency in VF.
基金Project supported by the Applied Basic Research Project funded by Ministry of Transport,China(Grant No.2014329224380)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51409135)the Tianjin Applied Basic and Frontier Technology Research Project(Grant No.15JCQNJC07300)
文摘This paper analyzes the wave absorption efficiency of multi-layer perforated plates in an ideal fluid, based on the linear potential flow theory. The influence of the thickness, the porosity and the layout form of the plates on the wave absorptivity is studied on the assumption that all perforated plates are composed of the same materials and have the same thickness and porosity. The calculation results indicate that the larger the number of layers of the perforated plate set, the better the wave absorption efficiency, however, when the layer number exceeds a certain value, the efficiency of the plates is not significantly increased. For the case of porosity ？= 0.2, thickness b= 0.07 m and 4 layers of perforated plates with a distance l= 1.0 m between the layers, 90% of the energy of the wave within the incident wave period between 1.6 s and 4.4 s can be absorbed.
基金This research was funded by the City Developments Limited(CDL)(R-295-000-134-720),SingaporeThe farming system and BIPV systems support were partially financed by the UNISEAL and Wiredbox(WBG(SG)Pte Ltd),respectively.
文摘Buildings could play a critical role in energy and food production while making highdensity cities more resilient.Productive facades(PFs),as flexible and multi-functional systems integrating photovoltaic(PV)and vertical farming(VF)systems,could contribute to transforming buildings and communities from consumers to producers.This study analyses the architectural quality of the developed PF concept drawing on the findings of a web-survey conducted among experts e building professionals in Singapore.The developed design variants are compared with regards to key design aspects such as facade aesthetics,view from the inside,materialisation,ease of operation,functionality and overall architectural quality.The study also compares and discusses the results of the web-survey with the results of a previously conducted door-to-door survey among the potential users-residents of the Housing&Development Board(HDB)blocks.The findings confirm an overall acceptance of the PF concept and reveal a need for synergetic collaboration between architects/designers and other building professionals.Based on the defined PF design framework and the results of the two surveys,a series of recommendations and improved PF prototypes are proposed for further assessment and implementation in order to foster their scalability from buildings into communities and cities.
