A philosophy for the design of novel,lightweight,multi-layered armor,referred to as Composite Armor Philosophy(CAP),which can adapt to the passive protection of light-,medium-,and heavy-armored vehicles,is presented i...A philosophy for the design of novel,lightweight,multi-layered armor,referred to as Composite Armor Philosophy(CAP),which can adapt to the passive protection of light-,medium-,and heavy-armored vehicles,is presented in this study.CAP can serve as a guiding principle to assist designers in comprehending the distinct roles fulfilled by each component.The CAP proposal comprises four functional layers,organized in a suggested hierarchy of materials.Particularly notable is the inclusion of a ceramic-composite principle,representing an advanced and innovative solution in the field of armor design.This paper showcases real-world defense industry applications,offering case studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of this advanced approach.CAP represents a significant milestone in the history of passive protection,marking an evolutionary leap in the field.This philosophical approach provides designers with a powerful toolset with which to enhance the protection capabilities of military vehicles,making them more resilient and better equipped to meet the challenges of modern warfare.展开更多
At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-laye...At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-layer multi-pass FRAM-deposited alumin-um alloy samples were successfully prepared using a non-shoulder tool head.The material flow behavior and microstructure of the over-lapped zone between adjacent layers and passes during multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition were studied using the hybrid 6061 and 5052 aluminum alloys.The results showed that a mechanical interlocking structure was formed between the adjacent layers and the adja-cent passes in the overlapped center area.Repeated friction and rolling of the tool head led to different degrees of lateral flow and plastic deformation of the materials in the overlapped zone,which made the recrystallization degree in the left and right edge zones of the over-lapped zone the highest,followed by the overlapped center zone and the non-overlapped zone.The tensile strength of the overlapped zone exceeded 90%of that of the single-pass deposition sample.It is proved that although there are uneven grooves on the surface of the over-lapping area during multi-layer and multi-pass deposition,they can be filled by the flow of materials during the deposition of the next lay-er,thus ensuring the dense microstructure and excellent mechanical properties of the overlapping area.The multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition overcomes the limitation of deposition width and lays the foundation for the future deposition of large-scale high-performance components.展开更多
The atmospheric corrosion monitoring(ACM)technique has been widely employed to track the real-time corrosion behavior of metal materials.However,limited studies have applied ACM to the corrosion protection properties ...The atmospheric corrosion monitoring(ACM)technique has been widely employed to track the real-time corrosion behavior of metal materials.However,limited studies have applied ACM to the corrosion protection properties of organic coatings.This study compared a bare epoxy coating with one containing zinc phosphate corrosion inhibitors,both applied on ACM sensors,to observe their corrosion protection properties over time.Coatings with artificial damage via scratches were exposed to immersion and alternating dry and wet environments,which allowed for monitoring galvanic corrosion currents in real-time.Throughout the corrosion tests,the ACM currents of the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating were considerably lower than those of the blank epoxy coating.The trend in ACM current variations closely matched the results obtained from regular electrochemical tests and surface analysis.This alignment highlights the potential of the ACM technique in evaluating the corrosion protection capabilities of organic coatings.Compared with the blank epoxy coating,the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating showed much-decreased ACM current values that confirmed the effective inhibition of zinc phosphate against steel corrosion beneath the damaged coating.展开更多
Deep sea,with rich oil,gas,and mineral resources,plays an increasingly crucial role in scientific and industrial realms.However,the highly corrosive feature of deep sea hinders further exploration and development,whic...Deep sea,with rich oil,gas,and mineral resources,plays an increasingly crucial role in scientific and industrial realms.However,the highly corrosive feature of deep sea hinders further exploration and development,which requires metal materials with robust corrosion resistance.This review covers an in-depth and all-around overview of the up-to-date advances in corrosion and protection of metals in deep-sea environment.Firstly,the unique characteristics of deep-sea environment are summarized in detail.Subsequently,the corrosion performances of metals in both in situ and simulated deep-sea environments are illustrated systematically.Furthermore,corrosion prevent strategies of metals,including sacrificial anode protection,organic coatings,as well as coatings achieved by physical vapor deposition(PVD coatings),are highlighted.Finally,we outline current challenges and development trends of corrosion and protection of metals in deep-sea environment in the future.The purpose of this review is not only to summarize the recent progress on metal corrosion and protection in deep sea,but also to aid us in understanding them more comprehensively and deeply in a short time,so as to boost their fast development.展开更多
Neurons are notoriously vulnerable cell types.Even the slightest change in their internal and/or external environments will cause much distress and dysfunction,leading often to their death.A range of pathological cond...Neurons are notoriously vulnerable cell types.Even the slightest change in their internal and/or external environments will cause much distress and dysfunction,leading often to their death.A range of pathological conditions,including stroke,head trauma,and neurodegenerative disease,can generate stress in neurons,affecting their survival and proper function.In most neural pathologies,mitochondria become dysfunctional and this plays a pivotal role in the process of cell death.The challenge over the last few decades has been to develop effective interventions that improve neuronal homeostasis under pathological conditions.Such interventions,often referred to as disease-modifying or neuroprotective,have,however,proved frustratingly elusive,at both preclinical and,in particular,clinical levels.In this perspective,we highlight two factors that we feel are key to the development of effective neuroprotective treatments.These are:firstly,the choice of dose of intervention and method of application,and secondly,the selection of subjects,whether they be patients or the animal model.展开更多
Stab-resistant textiles play a critical role in personal protection,necessitating a deeper understanding of how structural and layering factors influence their performance.The current study experimentally examines the...Stab-resistant textiles play a critical role in personal protection,necessitating a deeper understanding of how structural and layering factors influence their performance.The current study experimentally examines the effects of textile structure,layering,and ply orientation on the stab resistance of multi-layer textiles.Three 3D warp interlock(3DWI)structures({f1},{f2},{f3})and a 2D woven fabric({f4}),all made of high-performance p-aramid yarns,were engineered and manufactured.Multi-layer specimens were prepared and subjected to drop-weight stabbing tests following HOSBD standards.Stabbing performance metrics,including Depth of Trauma(DoT),Depth of Penetration(DoP),and trauma deformation(Ymax,Xmax),were investigated and analyzed.Statistical analyses(Two-and One-Way ANOVA)indicated that fabric type and layer number significantly impacted DoP(P<0.05),while ply orientation significantly affected DoP(P<0.05)but not DoT(P>0.05).Further detailed analysis revealed that 2D woven fabrics exhibited greater trauma deformation than 3D WIF structures.Increasing the number of layers reduced both DoP and DoT across all fabric structures,with f3 demonstrating the best performance in multi-layer configurations.Aligned ply orientations also enhanced stab resistance,underscoring the importance of alignment in dissipating impact energy.展开更多
Introduction: The use of radioactive radiations in healthcare facilities must comply with radioprotection safety rules in order to avoid threatening the health of workers and patients. This study aimed to assess the w...Introduction: The use of radioactive radiations in healthcare facilities must comply with radioprotection safety rules in order to avoid threatening the health of workers and patients. This study aimed to assess the working conditions, the protective measures and the medical monitoring of workers directly involved in X-ray work at hospitals in Douala, Cameroon. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out during the 1st quarter of 2018, across various state and private health facilities of the city of Douala. Sampling was non-random, based on convenience and all the willing participants that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Quantitative analyses were conducted using EPI INFO 7.0 software and the results were presented in both univariate and bivariate forms. Results: The sample consisted of 56 men and 31 women with a mean age of 34.75 ± 8.77 years. X-ray technicians were over-represented (41.38%). Day/night shift work was the main work pattern (68.96%). The distribution of work zones A&B was known by 87.5% of the participants. Hazard warning signs were effective in work zones A and B (75.86%), and the walls of the premises were also reinforced in these work zones (88.51%), but the use of radiation dosimeters was rare (9.20%). Radiation aprons (94.30%) and hand-held dosimeters (63.20%) were the most commonly used personal protective equipment. The majority of the participants did not benefit from medical follow-up by an occupational health specialist (62.1%). Conclusion: The implementation of radiation protection measures remains a significant concern in Douala based health facilities, and requires stricter administrative controls and sanctions to prevent serious health consequences for exposed staff.展开更多
In this paper a fully parametrized finite element simulation model of the stator bar end is created using the COMSOL Multiphysics.The model allows conducting the comparison of different corona protection structures’d...In this paper a fully parametrized finite element simulation model of the stator bar end is created using the COMSOL Multiphysics.The model allows conducting the comparison of different corona protection structures’design,various materials properties,and finally optimizing the corona protection system.Several samples of SiC based nonlinear conductivity materials for corona protection were fabricated in laboratory and then investigated.The conductivity dependencies on electric field(0.05 to 1 kV/mm)and temperature(20 to 155℃)were measured.By comparing the heat-resistant grades of the corona protection material and the insulating material,the maximum working temperature of the corona protection material corresponds to the heat-resistant grade F of the insulating material.As the temperature increases,the nonlinear characteristics of the corona protection material in the experiment decrease dramatically,reducing the heat-resistant grade of the corona protection material.The decrease in the nonlinear characteristics of the corona protection material at the maximum operating temperature causes the maximum electric field strength at the end of the HV rotating machines end corona protection(ECP)exceeding the corona discharge electric field strength,resulting in corona phenomenon.展开更多
2025年10月30日,中国科技论文引证报告发布。经过多项学术指标综合评定、函审专家评审及线上答辩专家终审评议,《Radiation Medicine and Protection》(RMP)成功入选“中国科技核心期刊”。这是本刊在学术影响力上的又一重要里程碑,为...2025年10月30日,中国科技论文引证报告发布。经过多项学术指标综合评定、函审专家评审及线上答辩专家终审评议,《Radiation Medicine and Protection》(RMP)成功入选“中国科技核心期刊”。这是本刊在学术影响力上的又一重要里程碑,为期刊的下一步发展再添动力。展开更多
With the increasing demand for secure infrastructure such as hydrogen refueling stations,chemical plants,and energy storage systems,the need for protective structures capable of withstanding close-in detonations has b...With the increasing demand for secure infrastructure such as hydrogen refueling stations,chemical plants,and energy storage systems,the need for protective structures capable of withstanding close-in detonations has become more critical.Existing design guidelines for protective walls(e.g.,UFC 3-340-02)primarily address mid-and far-field explosions,providing limited insights into near-field effects.Considering the effect of slight slopes(<40°)on reducing maximum reflected overpressure is deemed negligible.This study investigated the effectiveness of a reinforced concrete(RC)modular protection system(MPS)incorpo rating a diagonally tapered wall in attenuating re flected overpressures from closein detonations.Full-scale field experiments using a 51.3 kg TNT charge,representing the explosion energy of a typical hydrogen vessel rupture,demonstrated that a wall with a 7°slope significantly outperformed a vertical wall of equivalent concrete volume in terms of blast resistance.Observed structural responses included cracking,horizontal shear failure,and overturning.Complementary simulations using a validated computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model showed that the tapered wall reduced peak overpressure by 30%-40%compared to an equivalent vertical wall.This result highlights the potential of minor geometric modifications to enhance blast resilience.The tapered design effectively redirects incident blast waves,reducing localized damage while also conserving material,thus preserving modular benefits such as ease of transport and reusability.These findings suggest that diagonally tapered RC-based MPSs can offer a practical and resilient solution for industrial and military applications subject to near-field or sequential blast threats.展开更多
In the digital era,the protection of human rights inevitably integrates digital technology and presents distinctive relevant characteristics.Therefore,the concept of digital inclusion should be introduced.However,the ...In the digital era,the protection of human rights inevitably integrates digital technology and presents distinctive relevant characteristics.Therefore,the concept of digital inclusion should be introduced.However,the protection of human rights in the digital age still faces four significant challenges,namely,limitations in hardware systems with unrealized access rights,lack of digital competency with widening digital divide,low degree of empowerment and inefficiency in digital utilization,as well as frequent digital infringements and compromised digital rights.To address these challenges,it is essential to ensure barrier-free access to information technology to strengthen the foundation of human rights protection,promote the extensive participation of social entities to expand the scope of human rights protection,provide inclusive services for diverse groups to deepen the content of human rights protection,eliminate the digital divide to promote equal realization of human rights protection,and enhance citizens’digital literacy and capabilities to improve the efficacy of digital protection of human rights.Under the framework of digital inclusion,the specific measures to achieve the digital protection of human rights are led by the value orientation and practical needs of the rights to subsistence and development,aiming to advance the universal protection,differential protection,and enhanced protection of human rights through digital inclusion.展开更多
The purpose of this research was to evaluate radiological safety in pediatric radiology in hospitals in the Kongo Central province of the DRC. To this end, we surveyed a convenience sample of 50 health professionals, ...The purpose of this research was to evaluate radiological safety in pediatric radiology in hospitals in the Kongo Central province of the DRC. To this end, we surveyed a convenience sample of 50 health professionals, including 10 radiologists working in the hospitals covered by the survey, to assess the practice of pediatric radiology and the degree of compliance with radiation protection principles for the safety of children and the environment. We collected radiophysical parameters to calculate entrance doses in pediatric radiology in radiology departments to determine the dosimetric level by comparison with the diagnostic reference levels of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). All in all, we found that in Kongo Central in the DRC, many health personnel surveyed reported that more than 30% of requested radiological examinations are not justified. Also, after comparing the entrance doses produced in the surveyed departments with those of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), a statistically significant difference was found in pediatric radiology between the average doses in five out of six surveyed departments and those of the ICRP. Therefore, almost all of the surveyed departments were found to be highly irradiating in children, while excessive X-ray irradiation in children can have significant effects due to their increased sensitivity to radiation. Among the risks are: increased cancer risks, damage to developing cells, potential genetic effects, and neurological effects. This is why support for implementing radiation protection principles is a necessity to promote the safety of patients and the environment against the harmful effects of X-rays in conventional radiology.展开更多
This article takes the current autonomous driving technology as the research background and studies the collaborative protection mechanism between its system-on-chip(SoC)functional safety and information security.It i...This article takes the current autonomous driving technology as the research background and studies the collaborative protection mechanism between its system-on-chip(SoC)functional safety and information security.It includes an introduction to the functions and information security of autonomous driving SoCs,as well as the main design strategies for the collaborative prevention and control mechanism of SoC functional safety and information security in autonomous driving.The research shows that in the field of autonomous driving,there is a close connection between the functional safety of SoCs and their information security.In the design of the safety collaborative protection mechanism,the overall collaborative protection architecture,SoC functional safety protection mechanism,information security protection mechanism,the workflow of the collaborative protection mechanism,and its strategies are all key design elements.It is hoped that this analysis can provide some references for the collaborative protection of SoC functional safety and information security in the field of autonomous driving,so as to improve the safety of autonomous driving technology and meet its practical application requirements.展开更多
The huge impact kinetic energy cannot be quickly dissipated by the energy-absorbing structure and transferred to the other vehicle through the car body structure,which will cause structural damage and threaten the liv...The huge impact kinetic energy cannot be quickly dissipated by the energy-absorbing structure and transferred to the other vehicle through the car body structure,which will cause structural damage and threaten the lives of the occupants.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the laws of energy conversion,dissipation and transfer during train collisions.This study proposes a multi-layer progressive analysis method of energy flow during train collisions,considering the characteristics of the train.In this method,the train collision system is divided into conversion,dissipation,and transfer layers from the perspective of the train,collision interface,and car body structure to analyze the energy conversion,dissipation and transfer characteristics.Taking the collision process of a rail train as an example,a train collision energy transfer path analysis model was established based on power flow theory.The results show that when the maximum mean acceleration of the vehicle meets the standard requirements,the jerk may exceed the allowable limit of the human body,and there is a risk of injury to the occupants of a secondary collision.The decay rate of the collision energy along the direction of train operation reaches 79%.As the collision progresses,the collision energy gradually converges in the structure with holes,and the structure deforms when the gathered energy is greater than the maximum energy the structure can withstand.The proposed method helps to understand the train collision energy flow law and provides theoretical support for the train crashworthiness design in the future.展开更多
The growing incidence of cyberattacks necessitates a robust and effective Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)for enhanced network security.While conventional IDSs can be unsuitable for detecting different and emerging at...The growing incidence of cyberattacks necessitates a robust and effective Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)for enhanced network security.While conventional IDSs can be unsuitable for detecting different and emerging attacks,there is a demand for better techniques to improve detection reliability.This study introduces a new method,the Deep Adaptive Multi-Layer Attention Network(DAMLAN),to boost the result of intrusion detection on network data.Due to its multi-scale attention mechanisms and graph features,DAMLAN aims to address both known and unknown intrusions.The real-world NSL-KDD dataset,a popular choice among IDS researchers,is used to assess the proposed model.There are 67,343 normal samples and 58,630 intrusion attacks in the training set,12,833 normal samples,and 9711 intrusion attacks in the test set.Thus,the proposed DAMLAN method is more effective than the standard models due to the consideration of patterns by the attention layers.The experimental performance of the proposed model demonstrates that it achieves 99.26%training accuracy and 90.68%testing accuracy,with precision reaching 98.54%on the training set and 96.64%on the testing set.The recall and F1 scores again support the model with training set values of 99.90%and 99.21%and testing set values of 86.65%and 91.37%.These results provide a strong basis for the claims made regarding the model’s potential to identify intrusion attacks and affirm its relatively strong overall performance,irrespective of type.Future work would employ more attempts to extend the scalability and applicability of DAMLAN for real-time use in intrusion detection systems.展开更多
The protection system for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)varieties,as an important policy tool to promote the development of TCM,has a long history of over 30 years,from the promulgation of the“Regulations on the P...The protection system for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)varieties,as an important policy tool to promote the development of TCM,has a long history of over 30 years,from the promulgation of the“Regulations on the Protection of Traditional Chinese Medicine Varieties”in 1992 to the comprehensive revision of the draft for soliciting opinions in 2022.The TCM protection system evolves to meet the needs of innovative development of TCM.This paper reviews the policy developments in TCM varieties protection,collates protection data(1993 to 2024),and analyzes enterprises application strategies amid impending regulatory changes.展开更多
Foshan Liang Garden,as a unique cultural heritage in the Lingnan region,possesses high artistic,scientific,and cultural value.Through field surveys and literature research,this paper sorts out the current problems in ...Foshan Liang Garden,as a unique cultural heritage in the Lingnan region,possesses high artistic,scientific,and cultural value.Through field surveys and literature research,this paper sorts out the current problems in the protection and utilization of Foshan Liang Garden,establishes the basic principles of emphasizing both protection and revitalization and implementing them simultaneously,and summarizes methods for protection and utilization,including expanding funding channels,strengthening dynamic monitoring and scientific protection,exploring cultural connotations,and encouraging multi-stakeholder participation in joint construction.Furthermore,it proposes revitalization strategies such as empowering garden services with digital technology,integrating cultural resources to innovate cultural and creative products,promoting the museumization of idle functional spaces,and using cultural and educational activities for inheritance and dissemination.It is hoped that these measures will help Foshan Liang Garden better integrate into modern life,meet people’s diverse needs,and provide new ideas and methods for the protection and utilization of garden cultural heritage.展开更多
The widespread application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology in exams has significantly improved the efficiency and fairness of exams;it has also brought challenges of ethics and privacy protection.The article ...The widespread application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology in exams has significantly improved the efficiency and fairness of exams;it has also brought challenges of ethics and privacy protection.The article analyzes the fairness,transparency,and privacy protection issues caused by AI in exams and proposes strategic solutions.This article aims to provide guidance for the rational application of AI technology in exams,ensuring a balance between technological progress and ethical protection by strengthening laws and regulations,enhancing technological transparency,strengthening candidates’privacy rights,and improving the management measures of educational examination institutions.展开更多
BACKGROUND:As disasters intensify and professional deficits persist,civil protection is reliant on medical volunteers.With limited physician availability,telemedicine is promising.No system currently empowers lower-qu...BACKGROUND:As disasters intensify and professional deficits persist,civil protection is reliant on medical volunteers.With limited physician availability,telemedicine is promising.No system currently empowers lower-qualified paramedics for physician-delegated telemedicine.Existing telemedicine technology unfits for civil protection.This study aimed to evaluate a modified system at a music festival to simulate disaster situations.METHODS:A tablet-based telemedicine system,integrating vital sign monitoring,was deployed at the "Summerjam" music festival characterized by various medical emergencies.A physician could be contacted via telemedicine or requested onsite.Medical feasibility was rated by patient condition changes,with National Advisory Committee of Aeronautics(NACA) score and Primary Ranking for Initial Orientation in the Rescue service(PRIOR) algorithm for triaging.Technical feasibility was assessed by connection stability,communication,and vital sign transmission.RESULTS:Of 404 treatments,34(8.4%) were performed using telemedicine,49(12.1%) were carried out with a physician onsite.Telemedicine treatments accounted for 40.9% of all treatment in which a physician was involved.Patient conditions varied up to NACA III(moderate disturbance).A variety of internal medical(76.5%) and surgical(23.5%) conditions were addressed,some of which required invasive measures or application of medication.No patients experienced a deterioration in their condition.Despite technical difficulties,treatment was not significantly impacted,confirming technical feasibility.CONCLUSION:The study shows that lower-qualified paramedics can effectively use telemedicine for physician-delegated treatment,suggesting potential applicability to civil protection.Nonetheless,further system robustness improvements and research are needed.展开更多
Traditional architecture,as a crucial component of human cultural heritage,conveys significant historical context and cultural significance while reflecting regional traits and national identity.Nevertheless,in the fa...Traditional architecture,as a crucial component of human cultural heritage,conveys significant historical context and cultural significance while reflecting regional traits and national identity.Nevertheless,in the face of rapid modernization,traditional architecture is encountering challenges on an unprecedented scale.This study focuses on examining the strategies for preserving and transforming traditional architecture.By evaluating the importance,issues,and obstacles associated with safeguarding traditional architecture,this paper seeks to propose effective and rational conservation approaches and transformation techniques,ultimately aiming to ensure the sustainable development and cultural continuity of traditional architecture.展开更多
基金co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund of the European UnionGreek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness,Entrepreneurship and Innovation,under the call RESEARCH-CREATE-INNOVATE(project code:T1EDK-04429)。
文摘A philosophy for the design of novel,lightweight,multi-layered armor,referred to as Composite Armor Philosophy(CAP),which can adapt to the passive protection of light-,medium-,and heavy-armored vehicles,is presented in this study.CAP can serve as a guiding principle to assist designers in comprehending the distinct roles fulfilled by each component.The CAP proposal comprises four functional layers,organized in a suggested hierarchy of materials.Particularly notable is the inclusion of a ceramic-composite principle,representing an advanced and innovative solution in the field of armor design.This paper showcases real-world defense industry applications,offering case studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of this advanced approach.CAP represents a significant milestone in the history of passive protection,marking an evolutionary leap in the field.This philosophical approach provides designers with a powerful toolset with which to enhance the protection capabilities of military vehicles,making them more resilient and better equipped to meet the challenges of modern warfare.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3404700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52105313 and 52275299)+2 种基金the Research and Development Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission,China(No.KM202210005036)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0701)the National Defense Basic Research Projects of China(No.JCKY2022405C002).
文摘At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-layer multi-pass FRAM-deposited alumin-um alloy samples were successfully prepared using a non-shoulder tool head.The material flow behavior and microstructure of the over-lapped zone between adjacent layers and passes during multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition were studied using the hybrid 6061 and 5052 aluminum alloys.The results showed that a mechanical interlocking structure was formed between the adjacent layers and the adja-cent passes in the overlapped center area.Repeated friction and rolling of the tool head led to different degrees of lateral flow and plastic deformation of the materials in the overlapped zone,which made the recrystallization degree in the left and right edge zones of the over-lapped zone the highest,followed by the overlapped center zone and the non-overlapped zone.The tensile strength of the overlapped zone exceeded 90%of that of the single-pass deposition sample.It is proved that although there are uneven grooves on the surface of the over-lapping area during multi-layer and multi-pass deposition,they can be filled by the flow of materials during the deposition of the next lay-er,thus ensuring the dense microstructure and excellent mechanical properties of the overlapping area.The multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition overcomes the limitation of deposition width and lays the foundation for the future deposition of large-scale high-performance components.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52371049)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology(YESS,No.2020QNRC001)the National Science and Technology Resources Investigation Program of China(Nos.2021FY100603 and 2019FY101404)。
文摘The atmospheric corrosion monitoring(ACM)technique has been widely employed to track the real-time corrosion behavior of metal materials.However,limited studies have applied ACM to the corrosion protection properties of organic coatings.This study compared a bare epoxy coating with one containing zinc phosphate corrosion inhibitors,both applied on ACM sensors,to observe their corrosion protection properties over time.Coatings with artificial damage via scratches were exposed to immersion and alternating dry and wet environments,which allowed for monitoring galvanic corrosion currents in real-time.Throughout the corrosion tests,the ACM currents of the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating were considerably lower than those of the blank epoxy coating.The trend in ACM current variations closely matched the results obtained from regular electrochemical tests and surface analysis.This alignment highlights the potential of the ACM technique in evaluating the corrosion protection capabilities of organic coatings.Compared with the blank epoxy coating,the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating showed much-decreased ACM current values that confirmed the effective inhibition of zinc phosphate against steel corrosion beneath the damaged coating.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3808800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52301406 and 52375219)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LR21E050001)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M733600)the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(No.2023J329).
文摘Deep sea,with rich oil,gas,and mineral resources,plays an increasingly crucial role in scientific and industrial realms.However,the highly corrosive feature of deep sea hinders further exploration and development,which requires metal materials with robust corrosion resistance.This review covers an in-depth and all-around overview of the up-to-date advances in corrosion and protection of metals in deep-sea environment.Firstly,the unique characteristics of deep-sea environment are summarized in detail.Subsequently,the corrosion performances of metals in both in situ and simulated deep-sea environments are illustrated systematically.Furthermore,corrosion prevent strategies of metals,including sacrificial anode protection,organic coatings,as well as coatings achieved by physical vapor deposition(PVD coatings),are highlighted.Finally,we outline current challenges and development trends of corrosion and protection of metals in deep-sea environment in the future.The purpose of this review is not only to summarize the recent progress on metal corrosion and protection in deep sea,but also to aid us in understanding them more comprehensively and deeply in a short time,so as to boost their fast development.
基金supported by Fonds Clinatec and COVEA France(to JM).
文摘Neurons are notoriously vulnerable cell types.Even the slightest change in their internal and/or external environments will cause much distress and dysfunction,leading often to their death.A range of pathological conditions,including stroke,head trauma,and neurodegenerative disease,can generate stress in neurons,affecting their survival and proper function.In most neural pathologies,mitochondria become dysfunctional and this plays a pivotal role in the process of cell death.The challenge over the last few decades has been to develop effective interventions that improve neuronal homeostasis under pathological conditions.Such interventions,often referred to as disease-modifying or neuroprotective,have,however,proved frustratingly elusive,at both preclinical and,in particular,clinical levels.In this perspective,we highlight two factors that we feel are key to the development of effective neuroprotective treatments.These are:firstly,the choice of dose of intervention and method of application,and secondly,the selection of subjects,whether they be patients or the animal model.
文摘Stab-resistant textiles play a critical role in personal protection,necessitating a deeper understanding of how structural and layering factors influence their performance.The current study experimentally examines the effects of textile structure,layering,and ply orientation on the stab resistance of multi-layer textiles.Three 3D warp interlock(3DWI)structures({f1},{f2},{f3})and a 2D woven fabric({f4}),all made of high-performance p-aramid yarns,were engineered and manufactured.Multi-layer specimens were prepared and subjected to drop-weight stabbing tests following HOSBD standards.Stabbing performance metrics,including Depth of Trauma(DoT),Depth of Penetration(DoP),and trauma deformation(Ymax,Xmax),were investigated and analyzed.Statistical analyses(Two-and One-Way ANOVA)indicated that fabric type and layer number significantly impacted DoP(P<0.05),while ply orientation significantly affected DoP(P<0.05)but not DoT(P>0.05).Further detailed analysis revealed that 2D woven fabrics exhibited greater trauma deformation than 3D WIF structures.Increasing the number of layers reduced both DoP and DoT across all fabric structures,with f3 demonstrating the best performance in multi-layer configurations.Aligned ply orientations also enhanced stab resistance,underscoring the importance of alignment in dissipating impact energy.
文摘Introduction: The use of radioactive radiations in healthcare facilities must comply with radioprotection safety rules in order to avoid threatening the health of workers and patients. This study aimed to assess the working conditions, the protective measures and the medical monitoring of workers directly involved in X-ray work at hospitals in Douala, Cameroon. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out during the 1st quarter of 2018, across various state and private health facilities of the city of Douala. Sampling was non-random, based on convenience and all the willing participants that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Quantitative analyses were conducted using EPI INFO 7.0 software and the results were presented in both univariate and bivariate forms. Results: The sample consisted of 56 men and 31 women with a mean age of 34.75 ± 8.77 years. X-ray technicians were over-represented (41.38%). Day/night shift work was the main work pattern (68.96%). The distribution of work zones A&B was known by 87.5% of the participants. Hazard warning signs were effective in work zones A and B (75.86%), and the walls of the premises were also reinforced in these work zones (88.51%), but the use of radiation dosimeters was rare (9.20%). Radiation aprons (94.30%) and hand-held dosimeters (63.20%) were the most commonly used personal protective equipment. The majority of the participants did not benefit from medical follow-up by an occupational health specialist (62.1%). Conclusion: The implementation of radiation protection measures remains a significant concern in Douala based health facilities, and requires stricter administrative controls and sanctions to prevent serious health consequences for exposed staff.
文摘In this paper a fully parametrized finite element simulation model of the stator bar end is created using the COMSOL Multiphysics.The model allows conducting the comparison of different corona protection structures’design,various materials properties,and finally optimizing the corona protection system.Several samples of SiC based nonlinear conductivity materials for corona protection were fabricated in laboratory and then investigated.The conductivity dependencies on electric field(0.05 to 1 kV/mm)and temperature(20 to 155℃)were measured.By comparing the heat-resistant grades of the corona protection material and the insulating material,the maximum working temperature of the corona protection material corresponds to the heat-resistant grade F of the insulating material.As the temperature increases,the nonlinear characteristics of the corona protection material in the experiment decrease dramatically,reducing the heat-resistant grade of the corona protection material.The decrease in the nonlinear characteristics of the corona protection material at the maximum operating temperature causes the maximum electric field strength at the end of the HV rotating machines end corona protection(ECP)exceeding the corona discharge electric field strength,resulting in corona phenomenon.
基金supported by the Dong-A University of the Republic of Korea research fund。
文摘With the increasing demand for secure infrastructure such as hydrogen refueling stations,chemical plants,and energy storage systems,the need for protective structures capable of withstanding close-in detonations has become more critical.Existing design guidelines for protective walls(e.g.,UFC 3-340-02)primarily address mid-and far-field explosions,providing limited insights into near-field effects.Considering the effect of slight slopes(<40°)on reducing maximum reflected overpressure is deemed negligible.This study investigated the effectiveness of a reinforced concrete(RC)modular protection system(MPS)incorpo rating a diagonally tapered wall in attenuating re flected overpressures from closein detonations.Full-scale field experiments using a 51.3 kg TNT charge,representing the explosion energy of a typical hydrogen vessel rupture,demonstrated that a wall with a 7°slope significantly outperformed a vertical wall of equivalent concrete volume in terms of blast resistance.Observed structural responses included cracking,horizontal shear failure,and overturning.Complementary simulations using a validated computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model showed that the tapered wall reduced peak overpressure by 30%-40%compared to an equivalent vertical wall.This result highlights the potential of minor geometric modifications to enhance blast resilience.The tapered design effectively redirects incident blast waves,reducing localized damage while also conserving material,thus preserving modular benefits such as ease of transport and reusability.These findings suggest that diagonally tapered RC-based MPSs can offer a practical and resilient solution for industrial and military applications subject to near-field or sequential blast threats.
基金the National Social Science Fund Major Project“Research on the Coordination of Norms in Contemporary Chinese National Governance”(Project Approval Number 19ZDA155).
文摘In the digital era,the protection of human rights inevitably integrates digital technology and presents distinctive relevant characteristics.Therefore,the concept of digital inclusion should be introduced.However,the protection of human rights in the digital age still faces four significant challenges,namely,limitations in hardware systems with unrealized access rights,lack of digital competency with widening digital divide,low degree of empowerment and inefficiency in digital utilization,as well as frequent digital infringements and compromised digital rights.To address these challenges,it is essential to ensure barrier-free access to information technology to strengthen the foundation of human rights protection,promote the extensive participation of social entities to expand the scope of human rights protection,provide inclusive services for diverse groups to deepen the content of human rights protection,eliminate the digital divide to promote equal realization of human rights protection,and enhance citizens’digital literacy and capabilities to improve the efficacy of digital protection of human rights.Under the framework of digital inclusion,the specific measures to achieve the digital protection of human rights are led by the value orientation and practical needs of the rights to subsistence and development,aiming to advance the universal protection,differential protection,and enhanced protection of human rights through digital inclusion.
文摘The purpose of this research was to evaluate radiological safety in pediatric radiology in hospitals in the Kongo Central province of the DRC. To this end, we surveyed a convenience sample of 50 health professionals, including 10 radiologists working in the hospitals covered by the survey, to assess the practice of pediatric radiology and the degree of compliance with radiation protection principles for the safety of children and the environment. We collected radiophysical parameters to calculate entrance doses in pediatric radiology in radiology departments to determine the dosimetric level by comparison with the diagnostic reference levels of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). All in all, we found that in Kongo Central in the DRC, many health personnel surveyed reported that more than 30% of requested radiological examinations are not justified. Also, after comparing the entrance doses produced in the surveyed departments with those of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), a statistically significant difference was found in pediatric radiology between the average doses in five out of six surveyed departments and those of the ICRP. Therefore, almost all of the surveyed departments were found to be highly irradiating in children, while excessive X-ray irradiation in children can have significant effects due to their increased sensitivity to radiation. Among the risks are: increased cancer risks, damage to developing cells, potential genetic effects, and neurological effects. This is why support for implementing radiation protection principles is a necessity to promote the safety of patients and the environment against the harmful effects of X-rays in conventional radiology.
文摘This article takes the current autonomous driving technology as the research background and studies the collaborative protection mechanism between its system-on-chip(SoC)functional safety and information security.It includes an introduction to the functions and information security of autonomous driving SoCs,as well as the main design strategies for the collaborative prevention and control mechanism of SoC functional safety and information security in autonomous driving.The research shows that in the field of autonomous driving,there is a close connection between the functional safety of SoCs and their information security.In the design of the safety collaborative protection mechanism,the overall collaborative protection architecture,SoC functional safety protection mechanism,information security protection mechanism,the workflow of the collaborative protection mechanism,and its strategies are all key design elements.It is hoped that this analysis can provide some references for the collaborative protection of SoC functional safety and information security in the field of autonomous driving,so as to improve the safety of autonomous driving technology and meet its practical application requirements.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52172409)Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program(Grant No.BX20240298)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2682024GF023)Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Foundation Project(Grant No.LBH-Z23041).
文摘The huge impact kinetic energy cannot be quickly dissipated by the energy-absorbing structure and transferred to the other vehicle through the car body structure,which will cause structural damage and threaten the lives of the occupants.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the laws of energy conversion,dissipation and transfer during train collisions.This study proposes a multi-layer progressive analysis method of energy flow during train collisions,considering the characteristics of the train.In this method,the train collision system is divided into conversion,dissipation,and transfer layers from the perspective of the train,collision interface,and car body structure to analyze the energy conversion,dissipation and transfer characteristics.Taking the collision process of a rail train as an example,a train collision energy transfer path analysis model was established based on power flow theory.The results show that when the maximum mean acceleration of the vehicle meets the standard requirements,the jerk may exceed the allowable limit of the human body,and there is a risk of injury to the occupants of a secondary collision.The decay rate of the collision energy along the direction of train operation reaches 79%.As the collision progresses,the collision energy gradually converges in the structure with holes,and the structure deforms when the gathered energy is greater than the maximum energy the structure can withstand.The proposed method helps to understand the train collision energy flow law and provides theoretical support for the train crashworthiness design in the future.
基金Nourah bint Abdulrahman University for funding this project through the Researchers Supporting Project(PNURSP2025R319)Riyadh,Saudi Arabia and Prince Sultan University for covering the article processing charges(APC)associated with this publication.Special acknowledgement to Automated Systems&Soft Computing Lab(ASSCL),Prince Sultan University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The growing incidence of cyberattacks necessitates a robust and effective Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)for enhanced network security.While conventional IDSs can be unsuitable for detecting different and emerging attacks,there is a demand for better techniques to improve detection reliability.This study introduces a new method,the Deep Adaptive Multi-Layer Attention Network(DAMLAN),to boost the result of intrusion detection on network data.Due to its multi-scale attention mechanisms and graph features,DAMLAN aims to address both known and unknown intrusions.The real-world NSL-KDD dataset,a popular choice among IDS researchers,is used to assess the proposed model.There are 67,343 normal samples and 58,630 intrusion attacks in the training set,12,833 normal samples,and 9711 intrusion attacks in the test set.Thus,the proposed DAMLAN method is more effective than the standard models due to the consideration of patterns by the attention layers.The experimental performance of the proposed model demonstrates that it achieves 99.26%training accuracy and 90.68%testing accuracy,with precision reaching 98.54%on the training set and 96.64%on the testing set.The recall and F1 scores again support the model with training set values of 99.90%and 99.21%and testing set values of 86.65%and 91.37%.These results provide a strong basis for the claims made regarding the model’s potential to identify intrusion attacks and affirm its relatively strong overall performance,irrespective of type.Future work would employ more attempts to extend the scalability and applicability of DAMLAN for real-time use in intrusion detection systems.
文摘The protection system for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)varieties,as an important policy tool to promote the development of TCM,has a long history of over 30 years,from the promulgation of the“Regulations on the Protection of Traditional Chinese Medicine Varieties”in 1992 to the comprehensive revision of the draft for soliciting opinions in 2022.The TCM protection system evolves to meet the needs of innovative development of TCM.This paper reviews the policy developments in TCM varieties protection,collates protection data(1993 to 2024),and analyzes enterprises application strategies amid impending regulatory changes.
基金Supported by the 2024 Guangxi Provincial College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202411354155)Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Philosophy and Social Science Planning Research Project(23FWY028)Wuzhou University Research Project(2024QN013)。
文摘Foshan Liang Garden,as a unique cultural heritage in the Lingnan region,possesses high artistic,scientific,and cultural value.Through field surveys and literature research,this paper sorts out the current problems in the protection and utilization of Foshan Liang Garden,establishes the basic principles of emphasizing both protection and revitalization and implementing them simultaneously,and summarizes methods for protection and utilization,including expanding funding channels,strengthening dynamic monitoring and scientific protection,exploring cultural connotations,and encouraging multi-stakeholder participation in joint construction.Furthermore,it proposes revitalization strategies such as empowering garden services with digital technology,integrating cultural resources to innovate cultural and creative products,promoting the museumization of idle functional spaces,and using cultural and educational activities for inheritance and dissemination.It is hoped that these measures will help Foshan Liang Garden better integrate into modern life,meet people’s diverse needs,and provide new ideas and methods for the protection and utilization of garden cultural heritage.
文摘The widespread application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology in exams has significantly improved the efficiency and fairness of exams;it has also brought challenges of ethics and privacy protection.The article analyzes the fairness,transparency,and privacy protection issues caused by AI in exams and proposes strategic solutions.This article aims to provide guidance for the rational application of AI technology in exams,ensuring a balance between technological progress and ethical protection by strengthening laws and regulations,enhancing technological transparency,strengthening candidates’privacy rights,and improving the management measures of educational examination institutions.
基金funded by the German Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance as part of the Tele SAN project (FKZ:41201/425)。
文摘BACKGROUND:As disasters intensify and professional deficits persist,civil protection is reliant on medical volunteers.With limited physician availability,telemedicine is promising.No system currently empowers lower-qualified paramedics for physician-delegated telemedicine.Existing telemedicine technology unfits for civil protection.This study aimed to evaluate a modified system at a music festival to simulate disaster situations.METHODS:A tablet-based telemedicine system,integrating vital sign monitoring,was deployed at the "Summerjam" music festival characterized by various medical emergencies.A physician could be contacted via telemedicine or requested onsite.Medical feasibility was rated by patient condition changes,with National Advisory Committee of Aeronautics(NACA) score and Primary Ranking for Initial Orientation in the Rescue service(PRIOR) algorithm for triaging.Technical feasibility was assessed by connection stability,communication,and vital sign transmission.RESULTS:Of 404 treatments,34(8.4%) were performed using telemedicine,49(12.1%) were carried out with a physician onsite.Telemedicine treatments accounted for 40.9% of all treatment in which a physician was involved.Patient conditions varied up to NACA III(moderate disturbance).A variety of internal medical(76.5%) and surgical(23.5%) conditions were addressed,some of which required invasive measures or application of medication.No patients experienced a deterioration in their condition.Despite technical difficulties,treatment was not significantly impacted,confirming technical feasibility.CONCLUSION:The study shows that lower-qualified paramedics can effectively use telemedicine for physician-delegated treatment,suggesting potential applicability to civil protection.Nonetheless,further system robustness improvements and research are needed.
文摘Traditional architecture,as a crucial component of human cultural heritage,conveys significant historical context and cultural significance while reflecting regional traits and national identity.Nevertheless,in the face of rapid modernization,traditional architecture is encountering challenges on an unprecedented scale.This study focuses on examining the strategies for preserving and transforming traditional architecture.By evaluating the importance,issues,and obstacles associated with safeguarding traditional architecture,this paper seeks to propose effective and rational conservation approaches and transformation techniques,ultimately aiming to ensure the sustainable development and cultural continuity of traditional architecture.
