The key parameters that characterize the morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal laser deposited parts are the surface roughness and the error between the actual printing height and the theoretical m...The key parameters that characterize the morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal laser deposited parts are the surface roughness and the error between the actual printing height and the theoretical model height.The Taguchi method was employed to establish the correlations between process parameter combinations and multi-objective characterization of metal deposition morphology(height error and roughness).Results show that using the signal-to-noise ratio and grey relational analysis,the optimal parameter combination for multi-layer and multi-pass deposition is determined as follows:laser power of 800 W,powder feeding rate of 0.3 r/min,step distance of 1.6 mm,and scanning speed of 20 mm/s.Subsequently,a Genetic Bayesian-back propagation(GB-BP)network is constructed to predict multi-objective responses.Compared with the traditional back propagation network,the GB-back propagation network improves the prediction accuracy of height error and surface roughness by 43.14%and 71.43%,respectively.This network can accurately predict the multi-objective characterization of morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal deposited parts.展开更多
Based on the Smit-Suhl formula,we propose a universal approach for solving the magnon-magnon coupling problem in bilayer coupled systems(e.g.,antiferromagnets).This method requires only the energy expression,enabling ...Based on the Smit-Suhl formula,we propose a universal approach for solving the magnon-magnon coupling problem in bilayer coupled systems(e.g.,antiferromagnets).This method requires only the energy expression,enabling the automatic derivation of analytical expressions for the eigenmatrix elements via symbolic computation,eliminating the need for tedious manual calculations.Using this approach,we investigate the impact of magnetic hysteresis on magnon-magnon coupling in a system with interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction(DMI).The magnetic hysteresis leads to an asymmetric magnetic field dependence of the resonance frequency and alters the number of degeneracy points between the pure optical and acoustic modes.Moreover,it can result in the coupling strength at the gap of the f–H phase diagram being nearly vanishing,contrary to the conventionally expected maximum.These results deepen the understanding of the effect of interlayer DMI on magnon–magnon coupling and the proposed universal method significantly streamlines the solving process of magnon–magnon coupling problems.展开更多
X oilfield is a typical layered reservoir with a large vertical span and many oil-bearing formations. There are significant differences in reservoir types and fluid properties among various formations. The interlayer ...X oilfield is a typical layered reservoir with a large vertical span and many oil-bearing formations. There are significant differences in reservoir types and fluid properties among various formations. The interlayer interference is severe in the development process. At present, the interlayer interference research based on dynamic monitoring data cannot meet development adjustment needs. Combined with the field test results, through the indoor physical simulation experiment method, dynamic inversion method, and reservoir engineering method, this paper analyzes the main control factors and interference mechanism of interlayer interference, studies the variation law of interference coefficient, improves and forms the quantitative characteristic Theory of interlayer interference in multi-layer commingled production, and provides theoretical guidance for the total adjustment of the middle strata division in the oilfield.展开更多
X oilfield is a typical multi-layer sandstone reservoir in offshore China. In the early stage, in order to obtain economic oil production, directional well was used to adopt a set of multi-layer combined production, w...X oilfield is a typical multi-layer sandstone reservoir in offshore China. In the early stage, in order to obtain economic oil production, directional well was used to adopt a set of multi-layer combined production, which resulted in serious interlayer interference, water injection inrush and low reserve utilization. Based on the theory of single-phase unstable seepage flow and the theory of oil-water two-phase non-piston displacement, the author innovatively established a mathematical model of interlayer dynamic interference in multilayer sandstone reservoirs, revealed the influence law of main controlling factors such as permeability, viscosity, starting pressure gradient and reservoir type on interlayer interference, and innovatively formed a quantitative characterization theory of interlayer interference in multilayer combined oil production. The technical demarcation of offshore multi-zone combined oil production reservoir system is formulated and the recombination of oil field development system is guided.展开更多
At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-laye...At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-layer multi-pass FRAM-deposited alumin-um alloy samples were successfully prepared using a non-shoulder tool head.The material flow behavior and microstructure of the over-lapped zone between adjacent layers and passes during multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition were studied using the hybrid 6061 and 5052 aluminum alloys.The results showed that a mechanical interlocking structure was formed between the adjacent layers and the adja-cent passes in the overlapped center area.Repeated friction and rolling of the tool head led to different degrees of lateral flow and plastic deformation of the materials in the overlapped zone,which made the recrystallization degree in the left and right edge zones of the over-lapped zone the highest,followed by the overlapped center zone and the non-overlapped zone.The tensile strength of the overlapped zone exceeded 90%of that of the single-pass deposition sample.It is proved that although there are uneven grooves on the surface of the over-lapping area during multi-layer and multi-pass deposition,they can be filled by the flow of materials during the deposition of the next lay-er,thus ensuring the dense microstructure and excellent mechanical properties of the overlapping area.The multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition overcomes the limitation of deposition width and lays the foundation for the future deposition of large-scale high-performance components.展开更多
Protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells(P-SOECs)are a promising technology for water electrolysis to produce green hydrogen.However,there are still challenges related key materials and anode/electrolyte interface.P-SO...Protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells(P-SOECs)are a promising technology for water electrolysis to produce green hydrogen.However,there are still challenges related key materials and anode/electrolyte interface.P-SOECs with Zr-rich electrolyte,called Zr-rich side P-SOECs,possess high thermodynamically stability under high steam concentrations but the large reaction resistances and the current leakage,thus the inferior performances.In this study,an efficient functional interlayer Ba_(0.95)La_(0.05)Fe_(0.8)Zn_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BLFZ)in-between the anode and the electrolyte is developed.The electrochemical performances of P-SOECs are greatly enhanced because the BLFZ can greatly increase the interface contact,boost anode reaction kinetics,and increase proton injection into electrolyte.As a result,the P-SOEC yields high current density of 0.83 A cm^(-2) at 600℃ in 1.3 Vamong all the reported Zr-rich side cells.This work not only offers an efficient functional interlayer for P-SOECs but also holds the potential to achieve P-SOECs with high performances and long-term stability.展开更多
Interlayer is an important factor affecting the distribution of remaining oil.Accurate identification of interlayer distribution is of great significance in guiding oilfield production and development.However,the trad...Interlayer is an important factor affecting the distribution of remaining oil.Accurate identification of interlayer distribution is of great significance in guiding oilfield production and development.However,the traditional method of identifying interlayers has some limitations:(1)Due to the existence of overlaps in the cross plot for different categories of interlayers,it is difficult to establish a determined model to classify the type of interlayer;(2)Traditional identification methods only use two or three logging curves to identify the types of interlayers,making it difficult to fully utilize the information of the logging curves,the recognition accuracy will be greatly reduced;(3)For a large number of complex logging data,interlayer identification is time-consuming and laborintensive.Based on the existing well area data such as logging data and core data,this paper uses machine learning method to quantitatively identify the interlayers in the single well layer of CIII sandstone group in the M oilfield.Through the comparison of various classifiers,it is found that the decision tree method has the best applicability and the highest accuracy in the study area.Based on single well identification of interlayers,the continuity of well interval interlayers in the study area is analyzed according to the horizontal well.Finally,the influence of the continuity of interlayers on the distribution of remaining oil is verified by the spatial distribution characteristics of interlayers combined with the production situation of the M oilfield.展开更多
A functional interlayer based on two-dimensional(2D)porous modified vermiculite nanosheets(PVS)was obtained by acid-etching vermiculite nanosheets.The as-obtained 2D porous nanosheets exhibited a high specific surface...A functional interlayer based on two-dimensional(2D)porous modified vermiculite nanosheets(PVS)was obtained by acid-etching vermiculite nanosheets.The as-obtained 2D porous nanosheets exhibited a high specific surface area of 427 m^(2)·g^(-1)and rich surface active sites,which help restrain polysulfides(LiPSs)through good physi-cal and chemical adsorption,while simultaneously accelerating the nucleation and dissolution kinetics of Li_(2)S,effec-tively suppressing the shuttle effect.The assembled lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)employing the PVS-based inter-layer delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 1386 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1C(167.5 mAh·g^(-1)),long-term cycling stabil-ity,and good rate property.展开更多
Due to its unique layered structure and excellent electrochemical properties,molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))demonstrates significant potential for applications in the energy storage field,particularly in supercapacitors...Due to its unique layered structure and excellent electrochemical properties,molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))demonstrates significant potential for applications in the energy storage field,particularly in supercapacitors.It is widely regarded as one of the most representative transition metal dichalcogenides.MoS_(2)possesses a high theoretical specific capacitance,abundant edge active sites,and favorable tunability and structural diversity,which provide it with a distinct advantage in the construction of advanced electrode structures.Additionally,the anisotropic characteristics of MoS_(2)concerning electron and ion transport offer more dimensions for regulating its electrochemical behavior.This work will systematically review various synthesis strategies for MoS_(2)and its recent advancements in energy storage,with a particular focus on the mechanisms by which interlayer spacing modulation affects energy storage behavior in supercapacitor configurations.The discussion will encompass a comprehensive logical framework that spans material structure modifications,electronic configuration evolution,and enhancements in macroscopic device performance.This review aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the application of MoS_(2)in the next generation of highperformance energy storage devices.展开更多
The transient liquid-phase(TLP)diffusion bonding of GH5188 with a BNi-5 interlayer was focused on.Parameters were chosen and optimized for GH5188 alloy according to the TLP joining mechanism.The microstructure evoluti...The transient liquid-phase(TLP)diffusion bonding of GH5188 with a BNi-5 interlayer was focused on.Parameters were chosen and optimized for GH5188 alloy according to the TLP joining mechanism.The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the joints were studied.Results show that the relatively complete isothermal solidification zone(ISZ)ensures a reliable connection of the base metal(BM).Within the temperature range of 1110–1190°C,higher bonding temperatures can widen ISZ and promote joint composition homogenization,thus improving mechanical properties.However,the increase in precipitated phase has an adverse effect on the mechanical properties of the joint.The maximum shear strength,reaching 482 MPa,is achieved at 1130°C,representing 84.6%of BM strength.Within the pressure range of 5–15 MPa,both precipitated phases in adiabatic solidification zone(ASZ)and voids generated by partial melting increase.On the contrary,their sizes decrease significantly under higher bonding pressure,resulting in an upward trend in alloy mechanical properties.The maximum shear strength of 490 MPa is attained at a bonding pressure of 15 MPa.The joint exhibits a typical mixed fracture pattern,with the small brittle M_(23)C_(6) phase and voids significantly impacting mechanical properties.Nano-indentation tests indicate that ASZ is a potential source of cracks.展开更多
Interlayer exchange coupling(IEC)plays a critical role in spin-orbit torque(SOT)switching in synthetic magnets.This work establishes a fundamental correlation between IEC and SOT dynamics within Co/Pt-based synthetic ...Interlayer exchange coupling(IEC)plays a critical role in spin-orbit torque(SOT)switching in synthetic magnets.This work establishes a fundamental correlation between IEC and SOT dynamics within Co/Pt-based synthetic antiferromagnets and synthetic ferromagnets.The antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic coupling states are precisely engineered through Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida(RKKY)interactions by modulating the Ir spacer thickness.Experimental results reveal that the critical switching current density exhibits a strong positive correlation with the IEC strength,regardless of the coupling type.A comprehensive theoretical framework based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation elucidates how IEC contributes to the effective energy barrier that must be overcome during SOT-induced magnetization switching.Significantly,the antiferromagnetically coupled samples demonstrate enhanced SOT efficiency,with the spin Hall angle being directly proportional to the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling field.These insights establish a coherent physical paradigm for understanding IEC-dependent SOT dynamics and provide strategic design principles for the development of energy-efficient next-generation spintronic devices.展开更多
Surface adsorption plays a crucial role in various natural and industrial processes,particularly in the field of energy storage.The adsorption of sodium atoms on 2D layered materials can significantly impact their per...Surface adsorption plays a crucial role in various natural and industrial processes,particularly in the field of energy storage.The adsorption of sodium atoms on 2D layered materials can significantly impact their performance as carriers and electrodes in ion batteries.While it is commonly acknowledged that pristine graphene is not favorable for sodium ion adsorption,the suitability of other 2D materials with similar honeycomb symmetry remains unclear.In this study,we employ systematic first-principles calculations to explore interlayer interactions and electron transfer effects on sodium adsorption on 2D van der Waals(vdW)heterostructures(HTSs)surfaces.Our results demonstrate that sodium adsorption is energetically favorable on these substrates.Moreover,we find that the adsorption strength can be effectively tuned by manipulation of the electron accumulation or depletion of the layer directly interacting with the sodium atom.By stacking these layered materials with different electron abundancy to form vd W HTSs,the charge density of the substrate becomes tunable through interlayer charge transfer.In these vdW HTSs,the adsorption behavior of sodium is primarily controlled by the absorption layer and exhibits a linear correlation with its pz-band center.Additionally,we identify linear correlations between the sodium adsorption energies,the electron loss of the sodium atom,the interlayer charge transfer,and the heights of the adsorbed sodium atom.These discoveries underscore the impact of interlayer electron transfer and interactions on sodium ion adsorption on 2D vd W HTSs and providing new insights into material design for alkali atom adsorption.展开更多
The diversity of interlayers in shale oil reservoir leads to a low degree of vertical reconstruction.This paper aims to propose a method to guide the synchronous initiation of hydraulic fractures in different layers b...The diversity of interlayers in shale oil reservoir leads to a low degree of vertical reconstruction.This paper aims to propose a method to guide the synchronous initiation of hydraulic fractures in different layers by drilling multi-layer radial wells in spatial positions,and to form a fracture network that satisfies the vertical propagation range and complexity.In this paper,a 3D(three-dimensional)multi-layer radial well fracturing model considering fluid-mechanics coupling is established and the properties of shale oil reservoir are characterized according to the field geological profile.The influences of radial well spacing,fracturing fluid injection rate,and fracturing fluid viscosity on vertical fracture communication in multilayer radial wells are investigated.The results show that the radial well has the characteristics of guiding fracture penetrating interlayers.Reducing radial well spacing and appropriately increasing injection rate and viscosity are beneficial to improving vertical fracture propagation ability.However,high fracture fluid viscosity under the same displacement will lead to a significant increase in fracture aperture and weaken the total fracture area.In addition,if the stress interference around the radial wells is low,the radial well can be located in the middle of each layer to minimize the fracture height limitation.This study can provide a solution idea for vertical propagation limitation of hydraulic fractures in shale oil reservoir.展开更多
The potential of the vertical-horizontal well hybrid SAGD technique for developing shallow heavy oil reservoirs is gradually being realized.However,challenges remain in terms of low thermal efficiency and high carbon ...The potential of the vertical-horizontal well hybrid SAGD technique for developing shallow heavy oil reservoirs is gradually being realized.However,challenges remain in terms of low thermal efficiency and high carbon emissions in reservoirs with interlayers.Currently,there is limited research on the low-carbon strategy of coupling exhaust gas from steam boilers with the VH-SAGD technique.Herein,considering heterogeneity,a series of flue gas-assisted VH-SAGD experiments were conducted employing a high-performance 2D visualization model.The mechanism of enhanced recovery of flue gas in VH-SAGD and the effect of its injection methods were studied,with a focus on steam chamber development and oil saturation distribution.Crucially,the interlayer length was optimized to enhance oil recovery,providing a new perspective for well location design in heavy oil reservoirs with interlayers.The results showed that flue gas,as an additive,could fully exploit the well-type advantage of VH-SAGD.By supplementing energy at the reservoir top,flue gas effectively promoted steam chamber development,expanded the oil drainage area of VH-SAGD,and increased the oil recovery from 58.9%to 71.7%.The flow channels formed by pre-injection flue gas accelerated the early-stage expansion of the steam chamber while also inducing lateral migration of steam,slowing steam rise,and consequently increasing the heating range within the low-permeability layer.When the distance between the vertical and horizontal wells was set to twice the interlayer length,the negative effects of the interlayer were more effectively turned into advantages.Because when the lateral development distance of the steam chamber in the low-permeability layer slightly exceeds the interlayer,enhanced heating of the lower part of the reservoir occurred through vertical convection of rising steam and returning condensate.The research results contribute to reducing carbon emissions from steam-based heavy oil extraction while advancing the maturity of VH-SAGD.展开更多
The huge impact kinetic energy cannot be quickly dissipated by the energy-absorbing structure and transferred to the other vehicle through the car body structure,which will cause structural damage and threaten the liv...The huge impact kinetic energy cannot be quickly dissipated by the energy-absorbing structure and transferred to the other vehicle through the car body structure,which will cause structural damage and threaten the lives of the occupants.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the laws of energy conversion,dissipation and transfer during train collisions.This study proposes a multi-layer progressive analysis method of energy flow during train collisions,considering the characteristics of the train.In this method,the train collision system is divided into conversion,dissipation,and transfer layers from the perspective of the train,collision interface,and car body structure to analyze the energy conversion,dissipation and transfer characteristics.Taking the collision process of a rail train as an example,a train collision energy transfer path analysis model was established based on power flow theory.The results show that when the maximum mean acceleration of the vehicle meets the standard requirements,the jerk may exceed the allowable limit of the human body,and there is a risk of injury to the occupants of a secondary collision.The decay rate of the collision energy along the direction of train operation reaches 79%.As the collision progresses,the collision energy gradually converges in the structure with holes,and the structure deforms when the gathered energy is greater than the maximum energy the structure can withstand.The proposed method helps to understand the train collision energy flow law and provides theoretical support for the train crashworthiness design in the future.展开更多
The growing incidence of cyberattacks necessitates a robust and effective Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)for enhanced network security.While conventional IDSs can be unsuitable for detecting different and emerging at...The growing incidence of cyberattacks necessitates a robust and effective Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)for enhanced network security.While conventional IDSs can be unsuitable for detecting different and emerging attacks,there is a demand for better techniques to improve detection reliability.This study introduces a new method,the Deep Adaptive Multi-Layer Attention Network(DAMLAN),to boost the result of intrusion detection on network data.Due to its multi-scale attention mechanisms and graph features,DAMLAN aims to address both known and unknown intrusions.The real-world NSL-KDD dataset,a popular choice among IDS researchers,is used to assess the proposed model.There are 67,343 normal samples and 58,630 intrusion attacks in the training set,12,833 normal samples,and 9711 intrusion attacks in the test set.Thus,the proposed DAMLAN method is more effective than the standard models due to the consideration of patterns by the attention layers.The experimental performance of the proposed model demonstrates that it achieves 99.26%training accuracy and 90.68%testing accuracy,with precision reaching 98.54%on the training set and 96.64%on the testing set.The recall and F1 scores again support the model with training set values of 99.90%and 99.21%and testing set values of 86.65%and 91.37%.These results provide a strong basis for the claims made regarding the model’s potential to identify intrusion attacks and affirm its relatively strong overall performance,irrespective of type.Future work would employ more attempts to extend the scalability and applicability of DAMLAN for real-time use in intrusion detection systems.展开更多
In moiré-patterned van der Waals structures of transition metal dichalcogenides,correlated insulators can form under integer and fractional fillings,whose transport properties are governed by various quasiparticl...In moiré-patterned van der Waals structures of transition metal dichalcogenides,correlated insulators can form under integer and fractional fillings,whose transport properties are governed by various quasiparticle excitations including holons,doublons and interlayer exciton insulators.Here we theoretically investigate the nearest-neighbor inter-site hoppings of holons and interlayer exciton insulators.Our analysis indicates that these hopping strengths are significantly enhanced compared to that of a single carrier.The underlying mechanism can be attributed to the strong Coulomb interaction between carriers at different sites.For the interlayer exciton insulator consisting of a holon and a carrier in different layers,we have also obtained its effective Bohr radius and energy splitting between the ground and the first-excited states.展开更多
The complex interplay of magnetic interactions at the yttrium iron garnet(YIG)/ferromagnet interface is important for spintronic and magnonic devices.In this study,we present a comprehensive investigation of the inter...The complex interplay of magnetic interactions at the yttrium iron garnet(YIG)/ferromagnet interface is important for spintronic and magnonic devices.In this study,we present a comprehensive investigation of the interlayer coupling and switching mechanisms in YIG/Py(permalloy)heterostructures based on gadolinium gallium garnet(GGG)and SiO_(2)substrates.We observe antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling between Py and YIG on SiO_(2)substrates,whereas ferromagnetic interlayer coupling is observed on GGG substrates.Using polarized neutron reflectometry with depth-and elementresolved measurements,we obtain an in-depth understanding of the magnetic interactions between the YIG and Py layers.We demonstrate that polycrystalline YIG gives rise to antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling.This work provides valuable insights into designing and controlling magnetic coupling in hybrid structures for spintronic applications.展开更多
Buried coastal sandstones would be of high-quality hydrocarbon reservoirs.Controlled by deposition and diagenesis,coastal sandstones mixed with muddy and calcareous materials are usually low in porosity and permeabili...Buried coastal sandstones would be of high-quality hydrocarbon reservoirs.Controlled by deposition and diagenesis,coastal sandstones mixed with muddy and calcareous materials are usually low in porosity and permeability and small in layer thickness.These impermeable inte rlayers act as baffles and barriers between flow units and are crucial in hydrocarbon development.Donghe Sandstone in the Hade Oilfield of Tarim Basin,NW China,belongs to coastal clastic reservoirs of high oil productivity.Following nearly 30 years of development,the distribution of remaining hydrocarbon resources is affected by the muddy,calcareous,and marlaceous interlayers.Taking the Donghe Sandstone as an example,a quantitative recognition method of interlayers in coastal sandstone reservoirs is proposed in this paper.Based on cores from 26 wells,the sensitive conventional log curves of different interlayers,namely the natural gamma-ray(GR),density(DEN),compensated neutron(CNL),and acoustic(AC),are extracted by the Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost).Multi-mineral model(MMM)is used to calculate continuous curves for muddy,sandy,and calcareous contents by the mentioned sensitive logs.A set of quantitative standard system is established for identifying muddy,calcareous,and marlaceous interlayers based on their respective contents.The types of inte rlayers are identified across all vertical wells.The interlayers exhibit lateral continuity at the top of each bed-set.Interlayers are currently more developed in the slope region than in the coastal region.Muddy and marlaceous interlayers are more developed at high relative sea-level,while calcareous interlayers are more developed at low relative sea-level.The extended interlayers at the top of BS6 lead to two different oil-water contacts in the Donghe Sandstone.The proposed quantitative recognition method for interlayers provides valuable insights into the exploitation potential of petroleum systems in the Donghe Sandstone of the Hade Oilfield.The flexible and easy-to-use method can be applied to other marine sandstone reservoirs or similar formations.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52175237)。
文摘The key parameters that characterize the morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal laser deposited parts are the surface roughness and the error between the actual printing height and the theoretical model height.The Taguchi method was employed to establish the correlations between process parameter combinations and multi-objective characterization of metal deposition morphology(height error and roughness).Results show that using the signal-to-noise ratio and grey relational analysis,the optimal parameter combination for multi-layer and multi-pass deposition is determined as follows:laser power of 800 W,powder feeding rate of 0.3 r/min,step distance of 1.6 mm,and scanning speed of 20 mm/s.Subsequently,a Genetic Bayesian-back propagation(GB-BP)network is constructed to predict multi-objective responses.Compared with the traditional back propagation network,the GB-back propagation network improves the prediction accuracy of height error and surface roughness by 43.14%and 71.43%,respectively.This network can accurately predict the multi-objective characterization of morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal deposited parts.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (MOST)(Grant No.2022YFA1402800)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Presidents International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI)(Grant No.2025PG0006)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)(Grant Nos.51831012,12274437,and 52161160334)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (Grant No.YSBR-084)the CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Teamthe China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2025M773402)。
文摘Based on the Smit-Suhl formula,we propose a universal approach for solving the magnon-magnon coupling problem in bilayer coupled systems(e.g.,antiferromagnets).This method requires only the energy expression,enabling the automatic derivation of analytical expressions for the eigenmatrix elements via symbolic computation,eliminating the need for tedious manual calculations.Using this approach,we investigate the impact of magnetic hysteresis on magnon-magnon coupling in a system with interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction(DMI).The magnetic hysteresis leads to an asymmetric magnetic field dependence of the resonance frequency and alters the number of degeneracy points between the pure optical and acoustic modes.Moreover,it can result in the coupling strength at the gap of the f–H phase diagram being nearly vanishing,contrary to the conventionally expected maximum.These results deepen the understanding of the effect of interlayer DMI on magnon–magnon coupling and the proposed universal method significantly streamlines the solving process of magnon–magnon coupling problems.
文摘X oilfield is a typical layered reservoir with a large vertical span and many oil-bearing formations. There are significant differences in reservoir types and fluid properties among various formations. The interlayer interference is severe in the development process. At present, the interlayer interference research based on dynamic monitoring data cannot meet development adjustment needs. Combined with the field test results, through the indoor physical simulation experiment method, dynamic inversion method, and reservoir engineering method, this paper analyzes the main control factors and interference mechanism of interlayer interference, studies the variation law of interference coefficient, improves and forms the quantitative characteristic Theory of interlayer interference in multi-layer commingled production, and provides theoretical guidance for the total adjustment of the middle strata division in the oilfield.
文摘X oilfield is a typical multi-layer sandstone reservoir in offshore China. In the early stage, in order to obtain economic oil production, directional well was used to adopt a set of multi-layer combined production, which resulted in serious interlayer interference, water injection inrush and low reserve utilization. Based on the theory of single-phase unstable seepage flow and the theory of oil-water two-phase non-piston displacement, the author innovatively established a mathematical model of interlayer dynamic interference in multilayer sandstone reservoirs, revealed the influence law of main controlling factors such as permeability, viscosity, starting pressure gradient and reservoir type on interlayer interference, and innovatively formed a quantitative characterization theory of interlayer interference in multilayer combined oil production. The technical demarcation of offshore multi-zone combined oil production reservoir system is formulated and the recombination of oil field development system is guided.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3404700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52105313 and 52275299)+2 种基金the Research and Development Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission,China(No.KM202210005036)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0701)the National Defense Basic Research Projects of China(No.JCKY2022405C002).
文摘At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-layer multi-pass FRAM-deposited alumin-um alloy samples were successfully prepared using a non-shoulder tool head.The material flow behavior and microstructure of the over-lapped zone between adjacent layers and passes during multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition were studied using the hybrid 6061 and 5052 aluminum alloys.The results showed that a mechanical interlocking structure was formed between the adjacent layers and the adja-cent passes in the overlapped center area.Repeated friction and rolling of the tool head led to different degrees of lateral flow and plastic deformation of the materials in the overlapped zone,which made the recrystallization degree in the left and right edge zones of the over-lapped zone the highest,followed by the overlapped center zone and the non-overlapped zone.The tensile strength of the overlapped zone exceeded 90%of that of the single-pass deposition sample.It is proved that although there are uneven grooves on the surface of the over-lapping area during multi-layer and multi-pass deposition,they can be filled by the flow of materials during the deposition of the next lay-er,thus ensuring the dense microstructure and excellent mechanical properties of the overlapping area.The multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition overcomes the limitation of deposition width and lays the foundation for the future deposition of large-scale high-performance components.
基金financial support from the JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B),No.21H02035KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research(Exploratory),No.21K19017+2 种基金KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas(B),No.21H05100National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.22409033 and No.22409035Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2022A1515110470.
文摘Protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells(P-SOECs)are a promising technology for water electrolysis to produce green hydrogen.However,there are still challenges related key materials and anode/electrolyte interface.P-SOECs with Zr-rich electrolyte,called Zr-rich side P-SOECs,possess high thermodynamically stability under high steam concentrations but the large reaction resistances and the current leakage,thus the inferior performances.In this study,an efficient functional interlayer Ba_(0.95)La_(0.05)Fe_(0.8)Zn_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BLFZ)in-between the anode and the electrolyte is developed.The electrochemical performances of P-SOECs are greatly enhanced because the BLFZ can greatly increase the interface contact,boost anode reaction kinetics,and increase proton injection into electrolyte.As a result,the P-SOEC yields high current density of 0.83 A cm^(-2) at 600℃ in 1.3 Vamong all the reported Zr-rich side cells.This work not only offers an efficient functional interlayer for P-SOECs but also holds the potential to achieve P-SOECs with high performances and long-term stability.
基金supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2024JC-YBMS-202).
文摘Interlayer is an important factor affecting the distribution of remaining oil.Accurate identification of interlayer distribution is of great significance in guiding oilfield production and development.However,the traditional method of identifying interlayers has some limitations:(1)Due to the existence of overlaps in the cross plot for different categories of interlayers,it is difficult to establish a determined model to classify the type of interlayer;(2)Traditional identification methods only use two or three logging curves to identify the types of interlayers,making it difficult to fully utilize the information of the logging curves,the recognition accuracy will be greatly reduced;(3)For a large number of complex logging data,interlayer identification is time-consuming and laborintensive.Based on the existing well area data such as logging data and core data,this paper uses machine learning method to quantitatively identify the interlayers in the single well layer of CIII sandstone group in the M oilfield.Through the comparison of various classifiers,it is found that the decision tree method has the best applicability and the highest accuracy in the study area.Based on single well identification of interlayers,the continuity of well interval interlayers in the study area is analyzed according to the horizontal well.Finally,the influence of the continuity of interlayers on the distribution of remaining oil is verified by the spatial distribution characteristics of interlayers combined with the production situation of the M oilfield.
文摘A functional interlayer based on two-dimensional(2D)porous modified vermiculite nanosheets(PVS)was obtained by acid-etching vermiculite nanosheets.The as-obtained 2D porous nanosheets exhibited a high specific surface area of 427 m^(2)·g^(-1)and rich surface active sites,which help restrain polysulfides(LiPSs)through good physi-cal and chemical adsorption,while simultaneously accelerating the nucleation and dissolution kinetics of Li_(2)S,effec-tively suppressing the shuttle effect.The assembled lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)employing the PVS-based inter-layer delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 1386 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1C(167.5 mAh·g^(-1)),long-term cycling stabil-ity,and good rate property.
文摘Due to its unique layered structure and excellent electrochemical properties,molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))demonstrates significant potential for applications in the energy storage field,particularly in supercapacitors.It is widely regarded as one of the most representative transition metal dichalcogenides.MoS_(2)possesses a high theoretical specific capacitance,abundant edge active sites,and favorable tunability and structural diversity,which provide it with a distinct advantage in the construction of advanced electrode structures.Additionally,the anisotropic characteristics of MoS_(2)concerning electron and ion transport offer more dimensions for regulating its electrochemical behavior.This work will systematically review various synthesis strategies for MoS_(2)and its recent advancements in energy storage,with a particular focus on the mechanisms by which interlayer spacing modulation affects energy storage behavior in supercapacitor configurations.The discussion will encompass a comprehensive logical framework that spans material structure modifications,electronic configuration evolution,and enhancements in macroscopic device performance.This review aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the application of MoS_(2)in the next generation of highperformance energy storage devices.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52075449,5197052086)。
文摘The transient liquid-phase(TLP)diffusion bonding of GH5188 with a BNi-5 interlayer was focused on.Parameters were chosen and optimized for GH5188 alloy according to the TLP joining mechanism.The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the joints were studied.Results show that the relatively complete isothermal solidification zone(ISZ)ensures a reliable connection of the base metal(BM).Within the temperature range of 1110–1190°C,higher bonding temperatures can widen ISZ and promote joint composition homogenization,thus improving mechanical properties.However,the increase in precipitated phase has an adverse effect on the mechanical properties of the joint.The maximum shear strength,reaching 482 MPa,is achieved at 1130°C,representing 84.6%of BM strength.Within the pressure range of 5–15 MPa,both precipitated phases in adiabatic solidification zone(ASZ)and voids generated by partial melting increase.On the contrary,their sizes decrease significantly under higher bonding pressure,resulting in an upward trend in alloy mechanical properties.The maximum shear strength of 490 MPa is attained at a bonding pressure of 15 MPa.The joint exhibits a typical mixed fracture pattern,with the small brittle M_(23)C_(6) phase and voids significantly impacting mechanical properties.Nano-indentation tests indicate that ASZ is a potential source of cracks.
基金Project supported by the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2022C01053)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2021C01039)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62293493)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.LQ21A050001)。
文摘Interlayer exchange coupling(IEC)plays a critical role in spin-orbit torque(SOT)switching in synthetic magnets.This work establishes a fundamental correlation between IEC and SOT dynamics within Co/Pt-based synthetic antiferromagnets and synthetic ferromagnets.The antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic coupling states are precisely engineered through Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida(RKKY)interactions by modulating the Ir spacer thickness.Experimental results reveal that the critical switching current density exhibits a strong positive correlation with the IEC strength,regardless of the coupling type.A comprehensive theoretical framework based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation elucidates how IEC contributes to the effective energy barrier that must be overcome during SOT-induced magnetization switching.Significantly,the antiferromagnetically coupled samples demonstrate enhanced SOT efficiency,with the spin Hall angle being directly proportional to the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling field.These insights establish a coherent physical paradigm for understanding IEC-dependent SOT dynamics and provide strategic design principles for the development of energy-efficient next-generation spintronic devices.
基金the financial support by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0708700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62305196,U23B2087 and 62375158)+4 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.GZC20231498)the Qingdao Postdoctoral Innovation Project(No.QDBSH20240102078)the Postdoctoral Innovation Program of Shandong Province(No.SDCX-ZG-202400318)Science and Technology Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(No.D20212603)Hubei University of Arts and Science(No.2020kypytd002)。
文摘Surface adsorption plays a crucial role in various natural and industrial processes,particularly in the field of energy storage.The adsorption of sodium atoms on 2D layered materials can significantly impact their performance as carriers and electrodes in ion batteries.While it is commonly acknowledged that pristine graphene is not favorable for sodium ion adsorption,the suitability of other 2D materials with similar honeycomb symmetry remains unclear.In this study,we employ systematic first-principles calculations to explore interlayer interactions and electron transfer effects on sodium adsorption on 2D van der Waals(vdW)heterostructures(HTSs)surfaces.Our results demonstrate that sodium adsorption is energetically favorable on these substrates.Moreover,we find that the adsorption strength can be effectively tuned by manipulation of the electron accumulation or depletion of the layer directly interacting with the sodium atom.By stacking these layered materials with different electron abundancy to form vd W HTSs,the charge density of the substrate becomes tunable through interlayer charge transfer.In these vdW HTSs,the adsorption behavior of sodium is primarily controlled by the absorption layer and exhibits a linear correlation with its pz-band center.Additionally,we identify linear correlations between the sodium adsorption energies,the electron loss of the sodium atom,the interlayer charge transfer,and the heights of the adsorbed sodium atom.These discoveries underscore the impact of interlayer electron transfer and interactions on sodium ion adsorption on 2D vd W HTSs and providing new insights into material design for alkali atom adsorption.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52074315 and 52122401)Moreover,the authors also thank the financial support from China Scholarship Council(Grant No.202306440033).
文摘The diversity of interlayers in shale oil reservoir leads to a low degree of vertical reconstruction.This paper aims to propose a method to guide the synchronous initiation of hydraulic fractures in different layers by drilling multi-layer radial wells in spatial positions,and to form a fracture network that satisfies the vertical propagation range and complexity.In this paper,a 3D(three-dimensional)multi-layer radial well fracturing model considering fluid-mechanics coupling is established and the properties of shale oil reservoir are characterized according to the field geological profile.The influences of radial well spacing,fracturing fluid injection rate,and fracturing fluid viscosity on vertical fracture communication in multilayer radial wells are investigated.The results show that the radial well has the characteristics of guiding fracture penetrating interlayers.Reducing radial well spacing and appropriately increasing injection rate and viscosity are beneficial to improving vertical fracture propagation ability.However,high fracture fluid viscosity under the same displacement will lead to a significant increase in fracture aperture and weaken the total fracture area.In addition,if the stress interference around the radial wells is low,the radial well can be located in the middle of each layer to minimize the fracture height limitation.This study can provide a solution idea for vertical propagation limitation of hydraulic fractures in shale oil reservoir.
基金support for this work is received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U22B20144).
文摘The potential of the vertical-horizontal well hybrid SAGD technique for developing shallow heavy oil reservoirs is gradually being realized.However,challenges remain in terms of low thermal efficiency and high carbon emissions in reservoirs with interlayers.Currently,there is limited research on the low-carbon strategy of coupling exhaust gas from steam boilers with the VH-SAGD technique.Herein,considering heterogeneity,a series of flue gas-assisted VH-SAGD experiments were conducted employing a high-performance 2D visualization model.The mechanism of enhanced recovery of flue gas in VH-SAGD and the effect of its injection methods were studied,with a focus on steam chamber development and oil saturation distribution.Crucially,the interlayer length was optimized to enhance oil recovery,providing a new perspective for well location design in heavy oil reservoirs with interlayers.The results showed that flue gas,as an additive,could fully exploit the well-type advantage of VH-SAGD.By supplementing energy at the reservoir top,flue gas effectively promoted steam chamber development,expanded the oil drainage area of VH-SAGD,and increased the oil recovery from 58.9%to 71.7%.The flow channels formed by pre-injection flue gas accelerated the early-stage expansion of the steam chamber while also inducing lateral migration of steam,slowing steam rise,and consequently increasing the heating range within the low-permeability layer.When the distance between the vertical and horizontal wells was set to twice the interlayer length,the negative effects of the interlayer were more effectively turned into advantages.Because when the lateral development distance of the steam chamber in the low-permeability layer slightly exceeds the interlayer,enhanced heating of the lower part of the reservoir occurred through vertical convection of rising steam and returning condensate.The research results contribute to reducing carbon emissions from steam-based heavy oil extraction while advancing the maturity of VH-SAGD.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52172409)Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program(Grant No.BX20240298)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2682024GF023)Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Foundation Project(Grant No.LBH-Z23041).
文摘The huge impact kinetic energy cannot be quickly dissipated by the energy-absorbing structure and transferred to the other vehicle through the car body structure,which will cause structural damage and threaten the lives of the occupants.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the laws of energy conversion,dissipation and transfer during train collisions.This study proposes a multi-layer progressive analysis method of energy flow during train collisions,considering the characteristics of the train.In this method,the train collision system is divided into conversion,dissipation,and transfer layers from the perspective of the train,collision interface,and car body structure to analyze the energy conversion,dissipation and transfer characteristics.Taking the collision process of a rail train as an example,a train collision energy transfer path analysis model was established based on power flow theory.The results show that when the maximum mean acceleration of the vehicle meets the standard requirements,the jerk may exceed the allowable limit of the human body,and there is a risk of injury to the occupants of a secondary collision.The decay rate of the collision energy along the direction of train operation reaches 79%.As the collision progresses,the collision energy gradually converges in the structure with holes,and the structure deforms when the gathered energy is greater than the maximum energy the structure can withstand.The proposed method helps to understand the train collision energy flow law and provides theoretical support for the train crashworthiness design in the future.
基金Nourah bint Abdulrahman University for funding this project through the Researchers Supporting Project(PNURSP2025R319)Riyadh,Saudi Arabia and Prince Sultan University for covering the article processing charges(APC)associated with this publication.Special acknowledgement to Automated Systems&Soft Computing Lab(ASSCL),Prince Sultan University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The growing incidence of cyberattacks necessitates a robust and effective Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)for enhanced network security.While conventional IDSs can be unsuitable for detecting different and emerging attacks,there is a demand for better techniques to improve detection reliability.This study introduces a new method,the Deep Adaptive Multi-Layer Attention Network(DAMLAN),to boost the result of intrusion detection on network data.Due to its multi-scale attention mechanisms and graph features,DAMLAN aims to address both known and unknown intrusions.The real-world NSL-KDD dataset,a popular choice among IDS researchers,is used to assess the proposed model.There are 67,343 normal samples and 58,630 intrusion attacks in the training set,12,833 normal samples,and 9711 intrusion attacks in the test set.Thus,the proposed DAMLAN method is more effective than the standard models due to the consideration of patterns by the attention layers.The experimental performance of the proposed model demonstrates that it achieves 99.26%training accuracy and 90.68%testing accuracy,with precision reaching 98.54%on the training set and 96.64%on the testing set.The recall and F1 scores again support the model with training set values of 99.90%and 99.21%and testing set values of 86.65%and 91.37%.These results provide a strong basis for the claims made regarding the model’s potential to identify intrusion attacks and affirm its relatively strong overall performance,irrespective of type.Future work would employ more attempts to extend the scalability and applicability of DAMLAN for real-time use in intrusion detection systems.
基金support by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(Grant No.12274477)the De-partment of Science and Technology of Guangdong Provincein China(Grant No.2019QN01X061)。
文摘In moiré-patterned van der Waals structures of transition metal dichalcogenides,correlated insulators can form under integer and fractional fillings,whose transport properties are governed by various quasiparticle excitations including holons,doublons and interlayer exciton insulators.Here we theoretically investigate the nearest-neighbor inter-site hoppings of holons and interlayer exciton insulators.Our analysis indicates that these hopping strengths are significantly enhanced compared to that of a single carrier.The underlying mechanism can be attributed to the strong Coulomb interaction between carriers at different sites.For the interlayer exciton insulator consisting of a holon and a carrier in different layers,we have also obtained its effective Bohr radius and energy splitting between the ground and the first-excited states.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1400300 and 2023YFA1610400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12204268,52371169,52130103,and U22A20263)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2023B1515120015)the Open Research Fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory(Grant No.2022SLABFN13)。
文摘The complex interplay of magnetic interactions at the yttrium iron garnet(YIG)/ferromagnet interface is important for spintronic and magnonic devices.In this study,we present a comprehensive investigation of the interlayer coupling and switching mechanisms in YIG/Py(permalloy)heterostructures based on gadolinium gallium garnet(GGG)and SiO_(2)substrates.We observe antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling between Py and YIG on SiO_(2)substrates,whereas ferromagnetic interlayer coupling is observed on GGG substrates.Using polarized neutron reflectometry with depth-and elementresolved measurements,we obtain an in-depth understanding of the magnetic interactions between the YIG and Py layers.We demonstrate that polycrystalline YIG gives rise to antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling.This work provides valuable insights into designing and controlling magnetic coupling in hybrid structures for spintronic applications.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42202113)。
文摘Buried coastal sandstones would be of high-quality hydrocarbon reservoirs.Controlled by deposition and diagenesis,coastal sandstones mixed with muddy and calcareous materials are usually low in porosity and permeability and small in layer thickness.These impermeable inte rlayers act as baffles and barriers between flow units and are crucial in hydrocarbon development.Donghe Sandstone in the Hade Oilfield of Tarim Basin,NW China,belongs to coastal clastic reservoirs of high oil productivity.Following nearly 30 years of development,the distribution of remaining hydrocarbon resources is affected by the muddy,calcareous,and marlaceous interlayers.Taking the Donghe Sandstone as an example,a quantitative recognition method of interlayers in coastal sandstone reservoirs is proposed in this paper.Based on cores from 26 wells,the sensitive conventional log curves of different interlayers,namely the natural gamma-ray(GR),density(DEN),compensated neutron(CNL),and acoustic(AC),are extracted by the Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost).Multi-mineral model(MMM)is used to calculate continuous curves for muddy,sandy,and calcareous contents by the mentioned sensitive logs.A set of quantitative standard system is established for identifying muddy,calcareous,and marlaceous interlayers based on their respective contents.The types of inte rlayers are identified across all vertical wells.The interlayers exhibit lateral continuity at the top of each bed-set.Interlayers are currently more developed in the slope region than in the coastal region.Muddy and marlaceous interlayers are more developed at high relative sea-level,while calcareous interlayers are more developed at low relative sea-level.The extended interlayers at the top of BS6 lead to two different oil-water contacts in the Donghe Sandstone.The proposed quantitative recognition method for interlayers provides valuable insights into the exploitation potential of petroleum systems in the Donghe Sandstone of the Hade Oilfield.The flexible and easy-to-use method can be applied to other marine sandstone reservoirs or similar formations.
