Multi?layer extension is based on single?layer design of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard and employed as the com?mon structure for scalability and multi?view video coding extensions of HEVC. In this paper...Multi?layer extension is based on single?layer design of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard and employed as the com?mon structure for scalability and multi?view video coding extensions of HEVC. In this paper, an overview of multi?layer extension is presented. The concepts and advantages of multi?layer extension are briefly described. High level syntax (HLS) for multi?layer extension and several new designs are also detailed.展开更多
The paper presents an extension multi-laye r p erceptron model that is capable of representing and reasoning propositional know ledge base. An extended version of propositional calculus is developed, and its some prop...The paper presents an extension multi-laye r p erceptron model that is capable of representing and reasoning propositional know ledge base. An extended version of propositional calculus is developed, and its some properties is discussed. Formulas of the extended calculus can be expressed in the extension multi-layer perceptron. Naturally, semantic deduction of prop ositional knowledge base can be implement by the extension multi-layer perceptr on, and by learning, an unknown formula set can be found.展开更多
At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-laye...At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-layer multi-pass FRAM-deposited alumin-um alloy samples were successfully prepared using a non-shoulder tool head.The material flow behavior and microstructure of the over-lapped zone between adjacent layers and passes during multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition were studied using the hybrid 6061 and 5052 aluminum alloys.The results showed that a mechanical interlocking structure was formed between the adjacent layers and the adja-cent passes in the overlapped center area.Repeated friction and rolling of the tool head led to different degrees of lateral flow and plastic deformation of the materials in the overlapped zone,which made the recrystallization degree in the left and right edge zones of the over-lapped zone the highest,followed by the overlapped center zone and the non-overlapped zone.The tensile strength of the overlapped zone exceeded 90%of that of the single-pass deposition sample.It is proved that although there are uneven grooves on the surface of the over-lapping area during multi-layer and multi-pass deposition,they can be filled by the flow of materials during the deposition of the next lay-er,thus ensuring the dense microstructure and excellent mechanical properties of the overlapping area.The multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition overcomes the limitation of deposition width and lays the foundation for the future deposition of large-scale high-performance components.展开更多
This paper introduced the concept of generalized quasidiagonal extension of C^(*)-algebras and gave some basic properties.We show that the extension algebra preserves quasidiagonality and finitary in generalized quasi...This paper introduced the concept of generalized quasidiagonal extension of C^(*)-algebras and gave some basic properties.We show that the extension algebra preserves quasidiagonality and finitary in generalized quasidiagonal extension.We give also an example of generalized quasidiagonal extension,which is not quasidiagonal extension.展开更多
How the subduction direction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate changes in the Early Cretaceous remains highly controversial due to the disappearance of the subducted oceanic plate.Intraplate deform...How the subduction direction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate changes in the Early Cretaceous remains highly controversial due to the disappearance of the subducted oceanic plate.Intraplate deformation structures in the east Asian continent,however,provide excellent opportunities for reconstructing paleostress fields in continental interior in relation to the Paleo-Pacific/Eurasian plate interaction.Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility(AMS),geological,and geochronological analyses of post-kinematic mafic dykes intruding the detachment fault zone of the Wulian metamorphic core complex(WL MCC)in Jiaodong Peninsula exemplify emplacement of mantle-sourced dykes in a WNW-ESE(301°-121°)oriented tectonic extensional setting at ca.120 Ma.In combination with the results from our previous kinematic analysis of the MCC,a ca.21°clockwise change in the direction of intraplate extension is obtained for early(135-122 Ma)extensional exhumation of the MCC to late(122-108 Ma)emplacement of the dykes.Such a change is suggested to be related to the variation in subduction direction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate,from westward(pre-122 Ma)to west-northwestward(post-122 Ma).展开更多
The modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras are considered,in which a modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebra consisting of a Lie-Yamaguti algebra and a modifiedλ-differential operator.First we introduce t...The modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras are considered,in which a modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebra consisting of a Lie-Yamaguti algebra and a modifiedλ-differential operator.First we introduce the representation of modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras.Furthermore,we establish the cohomology of a modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebra with coefficients in a representation.Finally,we investigate the one-parameter formal deformations and Abelian extensions of modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras using the second cohomology group.展开更多
Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy is a novel imaging technique that combines the advantages of optical and ultrasound imaging,enabling high-resolution visualization of biological tissues at the micrometer sc...Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy is a novel imaging technique that combines the advantages of optical and ultrasound imaging,enabling high-resolution visualization of biological tissues at the micrometer scale.However,the divergence of the excited Gaussian beam limits the depth-of-field of the system to less than 100μm,which hinders accurate three-dimensional imaging of living tissues and restrictsits applicability in biological research.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an effective method to enhance the depth-of-field without altering the hardware configuration.This paper presents a photoacoustic microscopy depth-of-field extension method and system based on three-dimensional continuity and sparsity deconvolution.This method utilizes a depth-varying point spread function and incorporates continuity and sparsity con-straints into the deconvolution process to mitigate the effect of background noise,enhancing the stability and accuracy of the depth-of-field extension.Experimental results using tungsten wire phantoms suggest that the depth-of-field of system can be extended to 650 pm,which is 7.2 times greater than conventional system,while improving the resolution of the defocused region by an average factor of 3.5.Furthermore,experiments on zebrafish and nude mouse ears with irregular topologies demonstrate that the proposed method successfully overcomes image blurring and the loss of structural information due to limited depth-of-field.All the results suggest that the system with higher lateral resolution and enhanced depth-of-field has significant potential for a wide range of practical biomedical applications.展开更多
The huge impact kinetic energy cannot be quickly dissipated by the energy-absorbing structure and transferred to the other vehicle through the car body structure,which will cause structural damage and threaten the liv...The huge impact kinetic energy cannot be quickly dissipated by the energy-absorbing structure and transferred to the other vehicle through the car body structure,which will cause structural damage and threaten the lives of the occupants.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the laws of energy conversion,dissipation and transfer during train collisions.This study proposes a multi-layer progressive analysis method of energy flow during train collisions,considering the characteristics of the train.In this method,the train collision system is divided into conversion,dissipation,and transfer layers from the perspective of the train,collision interface,and car body structure to analyze the energy conversion,dissipation and transfer characteristics.Taking the collision process of a rail train as an example,a train collision energy transfer path analysis model was established based on power flow theory.The results show that when the maximum mean acceleration of the vehicle meets the standard requirements,the jerk may exceed the allowable limit of the human body,and there is a risk of injury to the occupants of a secondary collision.The decay rate of the collision energy along the direction of train operation reaches 79%.As the collision progresses,the collision energy gradually converges in the structure with holes,and the structure deforms when the gathered energy is greater than the maximum energy the structure can withstand.The proposed method helps to understand the train collision energy flow law and provides theoretical support for the train crashworthiness design in the future.展开更多
The tectonic setting of the Himalaya during the Early Paleozoic has been a subject of enduring debate within the scientific community.Newly discovered bimodal intrusive rocks from comprehensive field geological invest...The tectonic setting of the Himalaya during the Early Paleozoic has been a subject of enduring debate within the scientific community.Newly discovered bimodal intrusive rocks from comprehensive field geological investigation in the central mountain range were subjected to petrology,zircon U-Pb geochronology,zircon Hf isotopes and whole-rock geochemistry analyses.The Palie bimodal intrusive rocks,comprising amphibolite and granitic gneiss,were formed at~489 Ma.The amphibolite exhibits geochemical characteristics consistent with N-MORB,while the granitic gneiss is classified as high potassium calc-alkaline peraluminous S-type granite.Both igneous rocks exhibit negative zirconε_(Hf)(t)values and display ancient T_(DM)^(C)ages.In conjunction with regional geological survey findings,it can be inferred that the formation of the Palie bimodal intrusive rocks occurred within a post-collision extensional tectonic setting.The amphibolite genesis involved partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle with some crustal assimilation,whereas the origin of the granitic gneiss can be attributed to partial melting of pre-existing felsic crust.Our data indicate that during the Early Paleozoic,the Himalaya underwent a transition from a pan-African collisional setting to post-collisional extensional tectonics.展开更多
The growing incidence of cyberattacks necessitates a robust and effective Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)for enhanced network security.While conventional IDSs can be unsuitable for detecting different and emerging at...The growing incidence of cyberattacks necessitates a robust and effective Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)for enhanced network security.While conventional IDSs can be unsuitable for detecting different and emerging attacks,there is a demand for better techniques to improve detection reliability.This study introduces a new method,the Deep Adaptive Multi-Layer Attention Network(DAMLAN),to boost the result of intrusion detection on network data.Due to its multi-scale attention mechanisms and graph features,DAMLAN aims to address both known and unknown intrusions.The real-world NSL-KDD dataset,a popular choice among IDS researchers,is used to assess the proposed model.There are 67,343 normal samples and 58,630 intrusion attacks in the training set,12,833 normal samples,and 9711 intrusion attacks in the test set.Thus,the proposed DAMLAN method is more effective than the standard models due to the consideration of patterns by the attention layers.The experimental performance of the proposed model demonstrates that it achieves 99.26%training accuracy and 90.68%testing accuracy,with precision reaching 98.54%on the training set and 96.64%on the testing set.The recall and F1 scores again support the model with training set values of 99.90%and 99.21%and testing set values of 86.65%and 91.37%.These results provide a strong basis for the claims made regarding the model’s potential to identify intrusion attacks and affirm its relatively strong overall performance,irrespective of type.Future work would employ more attempts to extend the scalability and applicability of DAMLAN for real-time use in intrusion detection systems.展开更多
In this paper,we call a tuple consisting of 3-Lie algebra and a higher derivation on it a 3-LieHDer pair.We introduce a cohomology theory of 3-LieHDer pairs.Next,we interpret the second cohomology group as the space o...In this paper,we call a tuple consisting of 3-Lie algebra and a higher derivation on it a 3-LieHDer pair.We introduce a cohomology theory of 3-LieHDer pairs.Next,we interpret the second cohomology group as the space of all isomorphism classes of abelian extensions.Finally,we consider formal deformations of 3-LieHDer pairs that are governed by the cohomology with self-coefficient.展开更多
In practical engineering construction,multi-layered barriers containing geomembranes are extensively applied to retard the migration of pollutants.However,the associated analytical theory on pollutants diffusion still...In practical engineering construction,multi-layered barriers containing geomembranes are extensively applied to retard the migration of pollutants.However,the associated analytical theory on pollutants diffusion still needs to be further improved.In this work,general analytical solutions are derived for one-dimensional diffusion of degradable organic contaminant(DOC)in the multi-layered media containing geomembranes under a time-varying concentration boundary condition,where the variable substitution and separated variable approaches are employed.These analytical solutions with clear expressions can be used not only to study the diffusion behaviors of DOC in bottom and vertical composite barrier systems,but also to verify other complex numerical models.The proposed general analytical solutions are then fully validated via three comparative analyses,including comparisons with the experimental measurements,an existing analytical solution,and a finite-difference solution.Ultimately,the influences of different factors on the composite cutoff wall’s(CCW,which consists of two soil-bentonite layers and a geomembrane)service performance are investigated through a composite vertical barrier system as the application example.The findings obtained from this investigation can provide scientific guidance for the barrier performance evaluation and the engineering design of CCWs.This application example also exhibits the necessity and effectiveness of the developed analytical solutions.展开更多
In this paper,we introduce non-abelian cohomology groups and classify the nonabelian extensions of Rota-Baxter pre-Lie algebras in terms of non-abelian cohomology groups.Next,we explore the inducibility of pairs of au...In this paper,we introduce non-abelian cohomology groups and classify the nonabelian extensions of Rota-Baxter pre-Lie algebras in terms of non-abelian cohomology groups.Next,we explore the inducibility of pairs of automorphisms and derive the analog Wells exact sequences under the circumstance of Rota-Baxter pre-Lie algebras.Finally,we discuss the inducibility problem of pairs of automorphisms about an abelian extensions of Rota-Baxter pre-Lie algebras.展开更多
This study proposes a general imperfect thermal contact model to predict the thermal contact resistance at the interface among multi-layered composite structures.Based on the Green-Lindsay(GL)thermoelastic theory,semi...This study proposes a general imperfect thermal contact model to predict the thermal contact resistance at the interface among multi-layered composite structures.Based on the Green-Lindsay(GL)thermoelastic theory,semi analytical solutions of temperature increment and displacement of multi-layered composite structures are obtained by using the Laplace transform method,upon which the effects of thermal resistance coefficient,partition coefficient,thermal conductivity ratio and heat capacity ratio on the responses are studied.The results show that the generalized imperfect thermal contact model can realistically describe the imperfect thermal contact problem.Accordingly,it may degenerate into other thermal contact models by adjusting the thermal resistance coefficient and partition coefficient.展开更多
After excavation,some of the surrounding rock mass is in a state of triaxial extension,exhibiting tensile or shear fracture modes.To study the energy mechanism of tensile fracture turning to shear fracture,a series of...After excavation,some of the surrounding rock mass is in a state of triaxial extension,exhibiting tensile or shear fracture modes.To study the energy mechanism of tensile fracture turning to shear fracture,a series of triaxial extension tests were conducted on sandstone under confining pressures of 10,30,50 and 70 MPa.Elastic energy and dissipated energy were separated by single unloading,the input energy u_(t),elastic energy u_(e),and dissipated energy u_(d)at different unloading stress levels were calculated by the integrating stress−strain curves.The results show that tensile cracks dominate fracture under lower confining pressure(10 MPa),and shear cracks play an increasingly important role in fracture as confining pressure increases(30,50 and 70 MPa).Based on the phenomenon that u_(e)and u_(d)increase linearly with increasing u_(t),a possible energy distribution mechanism of fracture mode transition under triaxial extension was proposed.In addition,it was found that peak energy storage capacity is more sensitive to confining pressure compared to elastic energy conversion capacity.展开更多
This paper proposes a universal impulse-function-based method for extending discrete chaotic maps,enabling flexible construction of multicavity chaotic attractors.The proposed method achieves one-directional(1D)/two-d...This paper proposes a universal impulse-function-based method for extending discrete chaotic maps,enabling flexible construction of multicavity chaotic attractors.The proposed method achieves one-directional(1D)/two-directional(2D)extensions without introducing additional nonlinear terms or altering system stability.Theoretically,the cavity quantity in arbitrary directions is controlled by adjusting impulse levels N,while the amplitude regulation is implemented through modifications to the proportionality parameter r.Theoretical analyses,including Lyapunov exponents(LEs)and bifurcation diagrams,are conducted,confirming that the extended maps retain the intrinsic dynamics of five rational map classes.The field-programmable gate array(FPGA)implementation results are consistent with the numerical simulation results,verifying the correctness of the theoretical analysis.The method enables the expansion of unipolar attractors and enhances entropy metrics,offering a robust framework for applications in secure communication,encryption,and chaos-based technologies.展开更多
Sponge city(SPC)is proposed to solve the issues such as the degradation of urban water ecosystem environment,imbalanced water resource allocation,urban water logging,and water contamination.The PPP(Public Private Part...Sponge city(SPC)is proposed to solve the issues such as the degradation of urban water ecosystem environment,imbalanced water resource allocation,urban water logging,and water contamination.The PPP(Public Private Partnership)model is combined to release the government pressure of SPC project construction.The development of the SPC-PPP model makes significant contributions to the sustainable development and the enhancement of urban resilience against water-related disasters.However,there is no scientific performance evaluation system on its operation period has been conducted.Therefore,the SPC-PPP Evaluation model aims to objectively and reasonably assess project effectiveness,promote its development and refine the evaluation framework.This paper has set up the MEE model for performance evaluation,with improved Matter-Element Extension method to assign values to the evaluation indices.The research results show that:(1)The MEE model is more accurate in the performance evaluation and its effectiveness is reflected in its ability to capture the correlation among different indices in the same membership,rather than merely focusing on individual indices.(2)The proposed approach provided a new aspect for performance evaluation,improving the accuracy of evaluation and promoting the development of SPC-PPP project.展开更多
Low Earth Orbit(LEO)mega-constellation networks,exemplified by Starlink,are poised to play a pivotal role in future mobile communication networks,due to their low latency and high capacity.With the massively deployed ...Low Earth Orbit(LEO)mega-constellation networks,exemplified by Starlink,are poised to play a pivotal role in future mobile communication networks,due to their low latency and high capacity.With the massively deployed satellites,ground users now can be covered by multiple visible satellites,but also face complex handover issues with such massive high-mobility satellites in multi-layer.The end-to-end routing is also affected by the handover behavior.In this paper,we propose an intelligent handover strategy dedicated to multi-layer LEO mega-constellation networks.Firstly,an analytic model is utilized to rapidly estimate the end-to-end propagation latency as a key handover factor to construct a multi-objective optimization model.Subsequently,an intelligent handover strategy is proposed by employing the Dueling Double Deep Q Network(D3QN)-based deep reinforcement learning algorithm for single-layer constellations.Moreover,an optimal crosslayer handover scheme is proposed by predicting the latency-jitter and minimizing the cross-layer overhead.Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in the multi-layer LEO mega-constellation,showcasing reductions of up to 8.2%and 59.5%in end-to-end latency and jitter respectively,when compared to the existing handover strategies.展开更多
This paper introduce the concept of locally quasidiagonal extension of C^(*)-algebras and give some basic properties.We use the method of analogy,based on some properties possessed by quasidiagonal extensions,we inves...This paper introduce the concept of locally quasidiagonal extension of C^(*)-algebras and give some basic properties.We use the method of analogy,based on some properties possessed by quasidiagonal extensions,we investigate whether local quasidiagonal extensions still retain these properties.We then show that an extension of a locally AF algebra by a locally AF algebra is a locally quasidiagonal extension.展开更多
Mesoscale air-sea interactions play a critical role in damping eddy activities.However,how mesoscale heat flux influences the distribution of eddy kinetic energy(EKE)in the wavenumber space remains unclear.In this stu...Mesoscale air-sea interactions play a critical role in damping eddy activities.However,how mesoscale heat flux influences the distribution of eddy kinetic energy(EKE)in the wavenumber space remains unclear.In this study,we investigate the EKE and temperature variance(T_(var))budgets in the Kuroshio Extension(KE)region using wavenumber spectral analysis based on 1/10°coupled climate simulations.These simulations include a standard high-resolution simulation and a smoothed simulation that overlooks mesoscale heat flux.By comparing the differences between these models,we confirm that air-sea heat exchange significantly dissipates Tvar.Neglecting mesoscale heat flux results in a 60% underestimation of the Tvar damping rate,which in turn increases energy transfer to EKE through the vertical buoyancy flux by 22%.This enhanced vertical buoyancy flux leads to a 20% higher EKE level and larger energy budget terms,particularly in the diffusion term,which is closely related to wind power.Furthermore,underestimating air-sea heat exchange could lead to an overestimation of the inverse kinetic energy cascade,thereby distorting the overall energy budget in the KE region.展开更多
文摘Multi?layer extension is based on single?layer design of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard and employed as the com?mon structure for scalability and multi?view video coding extensions of HEVC. In this paper, an overview of multi?layer extension is presented. The concepts and advantages of multi?layer extension are briefly described. High level syntax (HLS) for multi?layer extension and several new designs are also detailed.
文摘The paper presents an extension multi-laye r p erceptron model that is capable of representing and reasoning propositional know ledge base. An extended version of propositional calculus is developed, and its some properties is discussed. Formulas of the extended calculus can be expressed in the extension multi-layer perceptron. Naturally, semantic deduction of prop ositional knowledge base can be implement by the extension multi-layer perceptr on, and by learning, an unknown formula set can be found.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3404700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52105313 and 52275299)+2 种基金the Research and Development Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission,China(No.KM202210005036)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0701)the National Defense Basic Research Projects of China(No.JCKY2022405C002).
文摘At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-layer multi-pass FRAM-deposited alumin-um alloy samples were successfully prepared using a non-shoulder tool head.The material flow behavior and microstructure of the over-lapped zone between adjacent layers and passes during multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition were studied using the hybrid 6061 and 5052 aluminum alloys.The results showed that a mechanical interlocking structure was formed between the adjacent layers and the adja-cent passes in the overlapped center area.Repeated friction and rolling of the tool head led to different degrees of lateral flow and plastic deformation of the materials in the overlapped zone,which made the recrystallization degree in the left and right edge zones of the over-lapped zone the highest,followed by the overlapped center zone and the non-overlapped zone.The tensile strength of the overlapped zone exceeded 90%of that of the single-pass deposition sample.It is proved that although there are uneven grooves on the surface of the over-lapping area during multi-layer and multi-pass deposition,they can be filled by the flow of materials during the deposition of the next lay-er,thus ensuring the dense microstructure and excellent mechanical properties of the overlapping area.The multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition overcomes the limitation of deposition width and lays the foundation for the future deposition of large-scale high-performance components.
基金Supported by NSF of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20171421)。
文摘This paper introduced the concept of generalized quasidiagonal extension of C^(*)-algebras and gave some basic properties.We show that the extension algebra preserves quasidiagonality and finitary in generalized quasidiagonal extension.We give also an example of generalized quasidiagonal extension,which is not quasidiagonal extension.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos:42130801,41430211,90814006,and 42072226)the“Deep-time Digital Earth”Science and Technology Leading Talents Team Funds for the Central Universities for the Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth,CUGB(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesGrant No:2652023001).
文摘How the subduction direction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate changes in the Early Cretaceous remains highly controversial due to the disappearance of the subducted oceanic plate.Intraplate deformation structures in the east Asian continent,however,provide excellent opportunities for reconstructing paleostress fields in continental interior in relation to the Paleo-Pacific/Eurasian plate interaction.Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility(AMS),geological,and geochronological analyses of post-kinematic mafic dykes intruding the detachment fault zone of the Wulian metamorphic core complex(WL MCC)in Jiaodong Peninsula exemplify emplacement of mantle-sourced dykes in a WNW-ESE(301°-121°)oriented tectonic extensional setting at ca.120 Ma.In combination with the results from our previous kinematic analysis of the MCC,a ca.21°clockwise change in the direction of intraplate extension is obtained for early(135-122 Ma)extensional exhumation of the MCC to late(122-108 Ma)emplacement of the dykes.Such a change is suggested to be related to the variation in subduction direction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate,from westward(pre-122 Ma)to west-northwestward(post-122 Ma).
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12161013)Research Projects of Guizhou University of Commerce in 2024。
文摘The modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras are considered,in which a modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebra consisting of a Lie-Yamaguti algebra and a modifiedλ-differential operator.First we introduce the representation of modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras.Furthermore,we establish the cohomology of a modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebra with coefficients in a representation.Finally,we investigate the one-parameter formal deformations and Abelian extensions of modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras using the second cohomology group.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[Grant No.2022YFC2402400]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.62275062]+2 种基金Project of Shandong Innovation and Startup Community of High-end Medical Apparatus and Instruments[Grant Nos.2023-SGTTXM-002 and 2024-SGTTXM-005]the Shandong Province Technology Innovation Guidance Plan(Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund)[Grant No.YDZX2023115]the Taishan Scholar Special Funding Project of Shandong Province,and the Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials and Medical Devices in Weihai[Grant No.ZL202402].
文摘Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy is a novel imaging technique that combines the advantages of optical and ultrasound imaging,enabling high-resolution visualization of biological tissues at the micrometer scale.However,the divergence of the excited Gaussian beam limits the depth-of-field of the system to less than 100μm,which hinders accurate three-dimensional imaging of living tissues and restrictsits applicability in biological research.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an effective method to enhance the depth-of-field without altering the hardware configuration.This paper presents a photoacoustic microscopy depth-of-field extension method and system based on three-dimensional continuity and sparsity deconvolution.This method utilizes a depth-varying point spread function and incorporates continuity and sparsity con-straints into the deconvolution process to mitigate the effect of background noise,enhancing the stability and accuracy of the depth-of-field extension.Experimental results using tungsten wire phantoms suggest that the depth-of-field of system can be extended to 650 pm,which is 7.2 times greater than conventional system,while improving the resolution of the defocused region by an average factor of 3.5.Furthermore,experiments on zebrafish and nude mouse ears with irregular topologies demonstrate that the proposed method successfully overcomes image blurring and the loss of structural information due to limited depth-of-field.All the results suggest that the system with higher lateral resolution and enhanced depth-of-field has significant potential for a wide range of practical biomedical applications.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52172409)Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program(Grant No.BX20240298)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2682024GF023)Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Foundation Project(Grant No.LBH-Z23041).
文摘The huge impact kinetic energy cannot be quickly dissipated by the energy-absorbing structure and transferred to the other vehicle through the car body structure,which will cause structural damage and threaten the lives of the occupants.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the laws of energy conversion,dissipation and transfer during train collisions.This study proposes a multi-layer progressive analysis method of energy flow during train collisions,considering the characteristics of the train.In this method,the train collision system is divided into conversion,dissipation,and transfer layers from the perspective of the train,collision interface,and car body structure to analyze the energy conversion,dissipation and transfer characteristics.Taking the collision process of a rail train as an example,a train collision energy transfer path analysis model was established based on power flow theory.The results show that when the maximum mean acceleration of the vehicle meets the standard requirements,the jerk may exceed the allowable limit of the human body,and there is a risk of injury to the occupants of a secondary collision.The decay rate of the collision energy along the direction of train operation reaches 79%.As the collision progresses,the collision energy gradually converges in the structure with holes,and the structure deforms when the gathered energy is greater than the maximum energy the structure can withstand.The proposed method helps to understand the train collision energy flow law and provides theoretical support for the train crashworthiness design in the future.
基金supported by the China Geological Survey Program(Grant No.DD20220989)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41972118)。
文摘The tectonic setting of the Himalaya during the Early Paleozoic has been a subject of enduring debate within the scientific community.Newly discovered bimodal intrusive rocks from comprehensive field geological investigation in the central mountain range were subjected to petrology,zircon U-Pb geochronology,zircon Hf isotopes and whole-rock geochemistry analyses.The Palie bimodal intrusive rocks,comprising amphibolite and granitic gneiss,were formed at~489 Ma.The amphibolite exhibits geochemical characteristics consistent with N-MORB,while the granitic gneiss is classified as high potassium calc-alkaline peraluminous S-type granite.Both igneous rocks exhibit negative zirconε_(Hf)(t)values and display ancient T_(DM)^(C)ages.In conjunction with regional geological survey findings,it can be inferred that the formation of the Palie bimodal intrusive rocks occurred within a post-collision extensional tectonic setting.The amphibolite genesis involved partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle with some crustal assimilation,whereas the origin of the granitic gneiss can be attributed to partial melting of pre-existing felsic crust.Our data indicate that during the Early Paleozoic,the Himalaya underwent a transition from a pan-African collisional setting to post-collisional extensional tectonics.
基金Nourah bint Abdulrahman University for funding this project through the Researchers Supporting Project(PNURSP2025R319)Riyadh,Saudi Arabia and Prince Sultan University for covering the article processing charges(APC)associated with this publication.Special acknowledgement to Automated Systems&Soft Computing Lab(ASSCL),Prince Sultan University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The growing incidence of cyberattacks necessitates a robust and effective Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)for enhanced network security.While conventional IDSs can be unsuitable for detecting different and emerging attacks,there is a demand for better techniques to improve detection reliability.This study introduces a new method,the Deep Adaptive Multi-Layer Attention Network(DAMLAN),to boost the result of intrusion detection on network data.Due to its multi-scale attention mechanisms and graph features,DAMLAN aims to address both known and unknown intrusions.The real-world NSL-KDD dataset,a popular choice among IDS researchers,is used to assess the proposed model.There are 67,343 normal samples and 58,630 intrusion attacks in the training set,12,833 normal samples,and 9711 intrusion attacks in the test set.Thus,the proposed DAMLAN method is more effective than the standard models due to the consideration of patterns by the attention layers.The experimental performance of the proposed model demonstrates that it achieves 99.26%training accuracy and 90.68%testing accuracy,with precision reaching 98.54%on the training set and 96.64%on the testing set.The recall and F1 scores again support the model with training set values of 99.90%and 99.21%and testing set values of 86.65%and 91.37%.These results provide a strong basis for the claims made regarding the model’s potential to identify intrusion attacks and affirm its relatively strong overall performance,irrespective of type.Future work would employ more attempts to extend the scalability and applicability of DAMLAN for real-time use in intrusion detection systems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12161013)the Basic Research Program(Natural Science)of Guizhou Province(Grant No.ZK[2023]025).
文摘In this paper,we call a tuple consisting of 3-Lie algebra and a higher derivation on it a 3-LieHDer pair.We introduce a cohomology theory of 3-LieHDer pairs.Next,we interpret the second cohomology group as the space of all isomorphism classes of abelian extensions.Finally,we consider formal deformations of 3-LieHDer pairs that are governed by the cohomology with self-coefficient.
基金Project(2023YFC3707800)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China。
文摘In practical engineering construction,multi-layered barriers containing geomembranes are extensively applied to retard the migration of pollutants.However,the associated analytical theory on pollutants diffusion still needs to be further improved.In this work,general analytical solutions are derived for one-dimensional diffusion of degradable organic contaminant(DOC)in the multi-layered media containing geomembranes under a time-varying concentration boundary condition,where the variable substitution and separated variable approaches are employed.These analytical solutions with clear expressions can be used not only to study the diffusion behaviors of DOC in bottom and vertical composite barrier systems,but also to verify other complex numerical models.The proposed general analytical solutions are then fully validated via three comparative analyses,including comparisons with the experimental measurements,an existing analytical solution,and a finite-difference solution.Ultimately,the influences of different factors on the composite cutoff wall’s(CCW,which consists of two soil-bentonite layers and a geomembrane)service performance are investigated through a composite vertical barrier system as the application example.The findings obtained from this investigation can provide scientific guidance for the barrier performance evaluation and the engineering design of CCWs.This application example also exhibits the necessity and effectiveness of the developed analytical solutions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12161013)the School-Level Student Research Project of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics(Grant No.2024ZXSY239).
文摘In this paper,we introduce non-abelian cohomology groups and classify the nonabelian extensions of Rota-Baxter pre-Lie algebras in terms of non-abelian cohomology groups.Next,we explore the inducibility of pairs of automorphisms and derive the analog Wells exact sequences under the circumstance of Rota-Baxter pre-Lie algebras.Finally,we discuss the inducibility problem of pairs of automorphisms about an abelian extensions of Rota-Baxter pre-Lie algebras.
基金Projects(42477162,52108347,52178371,52168046,52178321,52308383)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2023C03143,2022C01099,2024C01219,2022C03151)supported by the Zhejiang Key Research and Development Plan,China+6 种基金Project(LQ22E080010)supported by the Exploring Youth Project of Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation,ChinaProject(LR21E080005)supported by the Outstanding Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,ChinaProject(2022M712964)supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023AFB008)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province for Youth,ChinaProject(202203)supported by Engineering Research Centre of Rock-Soil Drilling&Excavation and Protection,Ministry of Education,ChinaProject(202305-2)supported by the Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Communication Department,ChinaProject(2021K256)supported by the Construction Research Founds of Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of Zhejiang Province,China。
文摘This study proposes a general imperfect thermal contact model to predict the thermal contact resistance at the interface among multi-layered composite structures.Based on the Green-Lindsay(GL)thermoelastic theory,semi analytical solutions of temperature increment and displacement of multi-layered composite structures are obtained by using the Laplace transform method,upon which the effects of thermal resistance coefficient,partition coefficient,thermal conductivity ratio and heat capacity ratio on the responses are studied.The results show that the generalized imperfect thermal contact model can realistically describe the imperfect thermal contact problem.Accordingly,it may degenerate into other thermal contact models by adjusting the thermal resistance coefficient and partition coefficient.
基金Project(52074352)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023JJ30680)supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China。
文摘After excavation,some of the surrounding rock mass is in a state of triaxial extension,exhibiting tensile or shear fracture modes.To study the energy mechanism of tensile fracture turning to shear fracture,a series of triaxial extension tests were conducted on sandstone under confining pressures of 10,30,50 and 70 MPa.Elastic energy and dissipated energy were separated by single unloading,the input energy u_(t),elastic energy u_(e),and dissipated energy u_(d)at different unloading stress levels were calculated by the integrating stress−strain curves.The results show that tensile cracks dominate fracture under lower confining pressure(10 MPa),and shear cracks play an increasingly important role in fracture as confining pressure increases(30,50 and 70 MPa).Based on the phenomenon that u_(e)and u_(d)increase linearly with increasing u_(t),a possible energy distribution mechanism of fracture mode transition under triaxial extension was proposed.In addition,it was found that peak energy storage capacity is more sensitive to confining pressure compared to elastic energy conversion capacity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62001391)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2024A1515010308)+1 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Grant No.2024JC-YBQN-0464)the Scientific Research Program Funded by Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government(Grant No.24JK0559).
文摘This paper proposes a universal impulse-function-based method for extending discrete chaotic maps,enabling flexible construction of multicavity chaotic attractors.The proposed method achieves one-directional(1D)/two-directional(2D)extensions without introducing additional nonlinear terms or altering system stability.Theoretically,the cavity quantity in arbitrary directions is controlled by adjusting impulse levels N,while the amplitude regulation is implemented through modifications to the proportionality parameter r.Theoretical analyses,including Lyapunov exponents(LEs)and bifurcation diagrams,are conducted,confirming that the extended maps retain the intrinsic dynamics of five rational map classes.The field-programmable gate array(FPGA)implementation results are consistent with the numerical simulation results,verifying the correctness of the theoretical analysis.The method enables the expansion of unipolar attractors and enhances entropy metrics,offering a robust framework for applications in secure communication,encryption,and chaos-based technologies.
基金supported by the Open Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Construction Management in Hydropower Engineering(Grant No.2016KSD04)the Open Fund of Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region,Ministry of Education(Grant No.KF2016-11).
文摘Sponge city(SPC)is proposed to solve the issues such as the degradation of urban water ecosystem environment,imbalanced water resource allocation,urban water logging,and water contamination.The PPP(Public Private Partnership)model is combined to release the government pressure of SPC project construction.The development of the SPC-PPP model makes significant contributions to the sustainable development and the enhancement of urban resilience against water-related disasters.However,there is no scientific performance evaluation system on its operation period has been conducted.Therefore,the SPC-PPP Evaluation model aims to objectively and reasonably assess project effectiveness,promote its development and refine the evaluation framework.This paper has set up the MEE model for performance evaluation,with improved Matter-Element Extension method to assign values to the evaluation indices.The research results show that:(1)The MEE model is more accurate in the performance evaluation and its effectiveness is reflected in its ability to capture the correlation among different indices in the same membership,rather than merely focusing on individual indices.(2)The proposed approach provided a new aspect for performance evaluation,improving the accuracy of evaluation and promoting the development of SPC-PPP project.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62401597)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2024JJ6469)the Research Project of National University of Defense Technology,China(No.ZK22-02).
文摘Low Earth Orbit(LEO)mega-constellation networks,exemplified by Starlink,are poised to play a pivotal role in future mobile communication networks,due to their low latency and high capacity.With the massively deployed satellites,ground users now can be covered by multiple visible satellites,but also face complex handover issues with such massive high-mobility satellites in multi-layer.The end-to-end routing is also affected by the handover behavior.In this paper,we propose an intelligent handover strategy dedicated to multi-layer LEO mega-constellation networks.Firstly,an analytic model is utilized to rapidly estimate the end-to-end propagation latency as a key handover factor to construct a multi-objective optimization model.Subsequently,an intelligent handover strategy is proposed by employing the Dueling Double Deep Q Network(D3QN)-based deep reinforcement learning algorithm for single-layer constellations.Moreover,an optimal crosslayer handover scheme is proposed by predicting the latency-jitter and minimizing the cross-layer overhead.Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in the multi-layer LEO mega-constellation,showcasing reductions of up to 8.2%and 59.5%in end-to-end latency and jitter respectively,when compared to the existing handover strategies.
文摘This paper introduce the concept of locally quasidiagonal extension of C^(*)-algebras and give some basic properties.We use the method of analogy,based on some properties possessed by quasidiagonal extensions,we investigate whether local quasidiagonal extensions still retain these properties.We then show that an extension of a locally AF algebra by a locally AF algebra is a locally quasidiagonal extension.
基金supported by the Natu-ral Science Foundation of China and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.42176006,42422601,202241006 to H.Y.)the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42225601 to Z.C.).
文摘Mesoscale air-sea interactions play a critical role in damping eddy activities.However,how mesoscale heat flux influences the distribution of eddy kinetic energy(EKE)in the wavenumber space remains unclear.In this study,we investigate the EKE and temperature variance(T_(var))budgets in the Kuroshio Extension(KE)region using wavenumber spectral analysis based on 1/10°coupled climate simulations.These simulations include a standard high-resolution simulation and a smoothed simulation that overlooks mesoscale heat flux.By comparing the differences between these models,we confirm that air-sea heat exchange significantly dissipates Tvar.Neglecting mesoscale heat flux results in a 60% underestimation of the Tvar damping rate,which in turn increases energy transfer to EKE through the vertical buoyancy flux by 22%.This enhanced vertical buoyancy flux leads to a 20% higher EKE level and larger energy budget terms,particularly in the diffusion term,which is closely related to wind power.Furthermore,underestimating air-sea heat exchange could lead to an overestimation of the inverse kinetic energy cascade,thereby distorting the overall energy budget in the KE region.
