Multi?layer extension is based on single?layer design of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard and employed as the com?mon structure for scalability and multi?view video coding extensions of HEVC. In this paper...Multi?layer extension is based on single?layer design of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard and employed as the com?mon structure for scalability and multi?view video coding extensions of HEVC. In this paper, an overview of multi?layer extension is presented. The concepts and advantages of multi?layer extension are briefly described. High level syntax (HLS) for multi?layer extension and several new designs are also detailed.展开更多
The key parameters that characterize the morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal laser deposited parts are the surface roughness and the error between the actual printing height and the theoretical m...The key parameters that characterize the morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal laser deposited parts are the surface roughness and the error between the actual printing height and the theoretical model height.The Taguchi method was employed to establish the correlations between process parameter combinations and multi-objective characterization of metal deposition morphology(height error and roughness).Results show that using the signal-to-noise ratio and grey relational analysis,the optimal parameter combination for multi-layer and multi-pass deposition is determined as follows:laser power of 800 W,powder feeding rate of 0.3 r/min,step distance of 1.6 mm,and scanning speed of 20 mm/s.Subsequently,a Genetic Bayesian-back propagation(GB-BP)network is constructed to predict multi-objective responses.Compared with the traditional back propagation network,the GB-back propagation network improves the prediction accuracy of height error and surface roughness by 43.14%and 71.43%,respectively.This network can accurately predict the multi-objective characterization of morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal deposited parts.展开更多
The paper presents an extension multi-laye r p erceptron model that is capable of representing and reasoning propositional know ledge base. An extended version of propositional calculus is developed, and its some prop...The paper presents an extension multi-laye r p erceptron model that is capable of representing and reasoning propositional know ledge base. An extended version of propositional calculus is developed, and its some properties is discussed. Formulas of the extended calculus can be expressed in the extension multi-layer perceptron. Naturally, semantic deduction of prop ositional knowledge base can be implement by the extension multi-layer perceptr on, and by learning, an unknown formula set can be found.展开更多
At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-laye...At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-layer multi-pass FRAM-deposited alumin-um alloy samples were successfully prepared using a non-shoulder tool head.The material flow behavior and microstructure of the over-lapped zone between adjacent layers and passes during multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition were studied using the hybrid 6061 and 5052 aluminum alloys.The results showed that a mechanical interlocking structure was formed between the adjacent layers and the adja-cent passes in the overlapped center area.Repeated friction and rolling of the tool head led to different degrees of lateral flow and plastic deformation of the materials in the overlapped zone,which made the recrystallization degree in the left and right edge zones of the over-lapped zone the highest,followed by the overlapped center zone and the non-overlapped zone.The tensile strength of the overlapped zone exceeded 90%of that of the single-pass deposition sample.It is proved that although there are uneven grooves on the surface of the over-lapping area during multi-layer and multi-pass deposition,they can be filled by the flow of materials during the deposition of the next lay-er,thus ensuring the dense microstructure and excellent mechanical properties of the overlapping area.The multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition overcomes the limitation of deposition width and lays the foundation for the future deposition of large-scale high-performance components.展开更多
This paper introduced the concept of generalized quasidiagonal extension of C^(*)-algebras and gave some basic properties.We show that the extension algebra preserves quasidiagonality and finitary in generalized quasi...This paper introduced the concept of generalized quasidiagonal extension of C^(*)-algebras and gave some basic properties.We show that the extension algebra preserves quasidiagonality and finitary in generalized quasidiagonal extension.We give also an example of generalized quasidiagonal extension,which is not quasidiagonal extension.展开更多
How the subduction direction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate changes in the Early Cretaceous remains highly controversial due to the disappearance of the subducted oceanic plate.Intraplate deform...How the subduction direction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate changes in the Early Cretaceous remains highly controversial due to the disappearance of the subducted oceanic plate.Intraplate deformation structures in the east Asian continent,however,provide excellent opportunities for reconstructing paleostress fields in continental interior in relation to the Paleo-Pacific/Eurasian plate interaction.Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility(AMS),geological,and geochronological analyses of post-kinematic mafic dykes intruding the detachment fault zone of the Wulian metamorphic core complex(WL MCC)in Jiaodong Peninsula exemplify emplacement of mantle-sourced dykes in a WNW-ESE(301°-121°)oriented tectonic extensional setting at ca.120 Ma.In combination with the results from our previous kinematic analysis of the MCC,a ca.21°clockwise change in the direction of intraplate extension is obtained for early(135-122 Ma)extensional exhumation of the MCC to late(122-108 Ma)emplacement of the dykes.Such a change is suggested to be related to the variation in subduction direction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate,from westward(pre-122 Ma)to west-northwestward(post-122 Ma).展开更多
The modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras are considered,in which a modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebra consisting of a Lie-Yamaguti algebra and a modifiedλ-differential operator.First we introduce t...The modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras are considered,in which a modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebra consisting of a Lie-Yamaguti algebra and a modifiedλ-differential operator.First we introduce the representation of modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras.Furthermore,we establish the cohomology of a modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebra with coefficients in a representation.Finally,we investigate the one-parameter formal deformations and Abelian extensions of modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras using the second cohomology group.展开更多
The Ross Sea basins,shaped by Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic extension within the crust of the Ross Sea,represent key regions for understanding continental rifting processes.However,the dynamic mechanisms driving the tr...The Ross Sea basins,shaped by Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic extension within the crust of the Ross Sea,represent key regions for understanding continental rifting processes.However,the dynamic mechanisms driving the transition from diffuse extension to focused extension in these basins remain poorly understood.Here,we provide a comprehensive model of crustal extension in the Ross Sea basins,detailing the kinematic and dynamic evolution from 100 Ma to the present on the basis of published finite rotation poles.Our model illuminates the complex relative motions between the West Antarctic and East Antarctic Plates and quantifies the crustal strain rates associated with their relative movements.We show that West Antarctica began to move away slowly from the East Antarctic and rotated clockwise at approximately 53 Ma,and the motion progressively decreased until it ceased at approximately 11 Ma.This kinematic shift temporally coincided with the onset of focused rifting,indicating a transition from broadly distributed extension in the eastern Ross Sea to localized deformation in the western basin.Time-resolved strain rate fields further reveal several hundred kilometers of total crustal extension,suggesting a primary influence of evolving plate motions over passive lithospheric weakening.These findings refine the tectonic history of the Ross Sea and provide a reproducible framework linking rift basin evolution to global plate motion.展开更多
Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy is a novel imaging technique that combines the advantages of optical and ultrasound imaging,enabling high-resolution visualization of biological tissues at the micrometer sc...Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy is a novel imaging technique that combines the advantages of optical and ultrasound imaging,enabling high-resolution visualization of biological tissues at the micrometer scale.However,the divergence of the excited Gaussian beam limits the depth-of-field of the system to less than 100μm,which hinders accurate three-dimensional imaging of living tissues and restrictsits applicability in biological research.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an effective method to enhance the depth-of-field without altering the hardware configuration.This paper presents a photoacoustic microscopy depth-of-field extension method and system based on three-dimensional continuity and sparsity deconvolution.This method utilizes a depth-varying point spread function and incorporates continuity and sparsity con-straints into the deconvolution process to mitigate the effect of background noise,enhancing the stability and accuracy of the depth-of-field extension.Experimental results using tungsten wire phantoms suggest that the depth-of-field of system can be extended to 650 pm,which is 7.2 times greater than conventional system,while improving the resolution of the defocused region by an average factor of 3.5.Furthermore,experiments on zebrafish and nude mouse ears with irregular topologies demonstrate that the proposed method successfully overcomes image blurring and the loss of structural information due to limited depth-of-field.All the results suggest that the system with higher lateral resolution and enhanced depth-of-field has significant potential for a wide range of practical biomedical applications.展开更多
The huge impact kinetic energy cannot be quickly dissipated by the energy-absorbing structure and transferred to the other vehicle through the car body structure,which will cause structural damage and threaten the liv...The huge impact kinetic energy cannot be quickly dissipated by the energy-absorbing structure and transferred to the other vehicle through the car body structure,which will cause structural damage and threaten the lives of the occupants.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the laws of energy conversion,dissipation and transfer during train collisions.This study proposes a multi-layer progressive analysis method of energy flow during train collisions,considering the characteristics of the train.In this method,the train collision system is divided into conversion,dissipation,and transfer layers from the perspective of the train,collision interface,and car body structure to analyze the energy conversion,dissipation and transfer characteristics.Taking the collision process of a rail train as an example,a train collision energy transfer path analysis model was established based on power flow theory.The results show that when the maximum mean acceleration of the vehicle meets the standard requirements,the jerk may exceed the allowable limit of the human body,and there is a risk of injury to the occupants of a secondary collision.The decay rate of the collision energy along the direction of train operation reaches 79%.As the collision progresses,the collision energy gradually converges in the structure with holes,and the structure deforms when the gathered energy is greater than the maximum energy the structure can withstand.The proposed method helps to understand the train collision energy flow law and provides theoretical support for the train crashworthiness design in the future.展开更多
The tectonic setting of the Himalaya during the Early Paleozoic has been a subject of enduring debate within the scientific community.Newly discovered bimodal intrusive rocks from comprehensive field geological invest...The tectonic setting of the Himalaya during the Early Paleozoic has been a subject of enduring debate within the scientific community.Newly discovered bimodal intrusive rocks from comprehensive field geological investigation in the central mountain range were subjected to petrology,zircon U-Pb geochronology,zircon Hf isotopes and whole-rock geochemistry analyses.The Palie bimodal intrusive rocks,comprising amphibolite and granitic gneiss,were formed at~489 Ma.The amphibolite exhibits geochemical characteristics consistent with N-MORB,while the granitic gneiss is classified as high potassium calc-alkaline peraluminous S-type granite.Both igneous rocks exhibit negative zirconε_(Hf)(t)values and display ancient T_(DM)^(C)ages.In conjunction with regional geological survey findings,it can be inferred that the formation of the Palie bimodal intrusive rocks occurred within a post-collision extensional tectonic setting.The amphibolite genesis involved partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle with some crustal assimilation,whereas the origin of the granitic gneiss can be attributed to partial melting of pre-existing felsic crust.Our data indicate that during the Early Paleozoic,the Himalaya underwent a transition from a pan-African collisional setting to post-collisional extensional tectonics.展开更多
The growing incidence of cyberattacks necessitates a robust and effective Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)for enhanced network security.While conventional IDSs can be unsuitable for detecting different and emerging at...The growing incidence of cyberattacks necessitates a robust and effective Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)for enhanced network security.While conventional IDSs can be unsuitable for detecting different and emerging attacks,there is a demand for better techniques to improve detection reliability.This study introduces a new method,the Deep Adaptive Multi-Layer Attention Network(DAMLAN),to boost the result of intrusion detection on network data.Due to its multi-scale attention mechanisms and graph features,DAMLAN aims to address both known and unknown intrusions.The real-world NSL-KDD dataset,a popular choice among IDS researchers,is used to assess the proposed model.There are 67,343 normal samples and 58,630 intrusion attacks in the training set,12,833 normal samples,and 9711 intrusion attacks in the test set.Thus,the proposed DAMLAN method is more effective than the standard models due to the consideration of patterns by the attention layers.The experimental performance of the proposed model demonstrates that it achieves 99.26%training accuracy and 90.68%testing accuracy,with precision reaching 98.54%on the training set and 96.64%on the testing set.The recall and F1 scores again support the model with training set values of 99.90%and 99.21%and testing set values of 86.65%and 91.37%.These results provide a strong basis for the claims made regarding the model’s potential to identify intrusion attacks and affirm its relatively strong overall performance,irrespective of type.Future work would employ more attempts to extend the scalability and applicability of DAMLAN for real-time use in intrusion detection systems.展开更多
In this paper,we call a tuple consisting of 3-Lie algebra and a higher derivation on it a 3-LieHDer pair.We introduce a cohomology theory of 3-LieHDer pairs.Next,we interpret the second cohomology group as the space o...In this paper,we call a tuple consisting of 3-Lie algebra and a higher derivation on it a 3-LieHDer pair.We introduce a cohomology theory of 3-LieHDer pairs.Next,we interpret the second cohomology group as the space of all isomorphism classes of abelian extensions.Finally,we consider formal deformations of 3-LieHDer pairs that are governed by the cohomology with self-coefficient.展开更多
This study aimed to examine the influence of farmer characteristics and extension services on the sustainability of seaweed cultivation in three districts of Polewali Mandar Regency,West Sulawesi,namely Polewali,Binua...This study aimed to examine the influence of farmer characteristics and extension services on the sustainability of seaweed cultivation in three districts of Polewali Mandar Regency,West Sulawesi,namely Polewali,Binuang,and Wonomulyo.A total of 267 seaweed farmers were surveyed using a questionnaire,and the data were analyzed through multiple linear regression.Informed consent was obtained in writing from all participants before data collection.The results showed that farmer characteristics and extension services had a positive and significant effect on seaweed farming sustainability.These findings highlight the importance of strengthening both human capital and institutional support.Key farmer characteristics,such as education level,farming experience,motivation,and openness to innovation,play a vital role in sustaining seaweed businesses.Enhancing these competencies through training,formal and non-formal education,and capacity-building programs will improve farmers’ability to adopt sustainable practices,adapt to environmental changes,and increase productivity.Similarly,the significant role of extension services demonstrates the need for continuous technical assistance,knowledge transfer,and institutional backing.Improving extension systems by deploying more qualified field officers,conducting regular farm visits,and tailoring content to local contexts can bridge the gap between innovation and practice.Participatory extension models that engage farmers directly can further promote peer learning and community cohesion.At the policy level,this study supports integrating farmer capacity development and extension strengthening into regional agricultural and fisheries strategies to ensure long-term sustainability of seaweed farming.展开更多
In practical engineering construction,multi-layered barriers containing geomembranes are extensively applied to retard the migration of pollutants.However,the associated analytical theory on pollutants diffusion still...In practical engineering construction,multi-layered barriers containing geomembranes are extensively applied to retard the migration of pollutants.However,the associated analytical theory on pollutants diffusion still needs to be further improved.In this work,general analytical solutions are derived for one-dimensional diffusion of degradable organic contaminant(DOC)in the multi-layered media containing geomembranes under a time-varying concentration boundary condition,where the variable substitution and separated variable approaches are employed.These analytical solutions with clear expressions can be used not only to study the diffusion behaviors of DOC in bottom and vertical composite barrier systems,but also to verify other complex numerical models.The proposed general analytical solutions are then fully validated via three comparative analyses,including comparisons with the experimental measurements,an existing analytical solution,and a finite-difference solution.Ultimately,the influences of different factors on the composite cutoff wall’s(CCW,which consists of two soil-bentonite layers and a geomembrane)service performance are investigated through a composite vertical barrier system as the application example.The findings obtained from this investigation can provide scientific guidance for the barrier performance evaluation and the engineering design of CCWs.This application example also exhibits the necessity and effectiveness of the developed analytical solutions.展开更多
In this paper,we introduce non-abelian cohomology groups and classify the nonabelian extensions of Rota-Baxter pre-Lie algebras in terms of non-abelian cohomology groups.Next,we explore the inducibility of pairs of au...In this paper,we introduce non-abelian cohomology groups and classify the nonabelian extensions of Rota-Baxter pre-Lie algebras in terms of non-abelian cohomology groups.Next,we explore the inducibility of pairs of automorphisms and derive the analog Wells exact sequences under the circumstance of Rota-Baxter pre-Lie algebras.Finally,we discuss the inducibility problem of pairs of automorphisms about an abelian extensions of Rota-Baxter pre-Lie algebras.展开更多
Transportation structures such as composite pavements and railway foundations typically consist of multi-layered media designed to withstand high bearing capacity.A theoretical understanding of load transfer mechanism...Transportation structures such as composite pavements and railway foundations typically consist of multi-layered media designed to withstand high bearing capacity.A theoretical understanding of load transfer mechanisms in these multi-layer composites is essential,as it offers intuitive insights into parametric influences and facilitates enhanced structural performance.This paper employs an improved transfer matrix method to address the limitations of existing theoretical approaches for analyzing multi-layer composite structures.By establishing a twodimensional composite pavement model,it investigates load transfer characteristics and validates the accuracy through finite element simulation.The proposed method offers a straightforward analytical approach for examining internal interactions between structural layers.Case studies indicate that the concrete surface layer is the main load-bearing layer for most vertical normal and shear stresses.The soil base layer reduces the overall mechanical response of the substructure,while horizontal actions increase the risk of interfacial slip and cracking.Structural optimization analysis demonstrates that increasing the thickness of the concrete surface layer,enhancing the thickness and stiffness of the soil base layer,or incorporating gradient layers can significantly mitigate these risks of interfacial slip and cracking.The findings of this study can guide the optimization design,parameter analysis,and damage prevention of multi-layer composite structures.展开更多
After excavation,some of the surrounding rock mass is in a state of triaxial extension,exhibiting tensile or shear fracture modes.To study the energy mechanism of tensile fracture turning to shear fracture,a series of...After excavation,some of the surrounding rock mass is in a state of triaxial extension,exhibiting tensile or shear fracture modes.To study the energy mechanism of tensile fracture turning to shear fracture,a series of triaxial extension tests were conducted on sandstone under confining pressures of 10,30,50 and 70 MPa.Elastic energy and dissipated energy were separated by single unloading,the input energy u_(t),elastic energy u_(e),and dissipated energy u_(d)at different unloading stress levels were calculated by the integrating stress−strain curves.The results show that tensile cracks dominate fracture under lower confining pressure(10 MPa),and shear cracks play an increasingly important role in fracture as confining pressure increases(30,50 and 70 MPa).Based on the phenomenon that u_(e)and u_(d)increase linearly with increasing u_(t),a possible energy distribution mechanism of fracture mode transition under triaxial extension was proposed.In addition,it was found that peak energy storage capacity is more sensitive to confining pressure compared to elastic energy conversion capacity.展开更多
This study proposes a general imperfect thermal contact model to predict the thermal contact resistance at the interface among multi-layered composite structures.Based on the Green-Lindsay(GL)thermoelastic theory,semi...This study proposes a general imperfect thermal contact model to predict the thermal contact resistance at the interface among multi-layered composite structures.Based on the Green-Lindsay(GL)thermoelastic theory,semi analytical solutions of temperature increment and displacement of multi-layered composite structures are obtained by using the Laplace transform method,upon which the effects of thermal resistance coefficient,partition coefficient,thermal conductivity ratio and heat capacity ratio on the responses are studied.The results show that the generalized imperfect thermal contact model can realistically describe the imperfect thermal contact problem.Accordingly,it may degenerate into other thermal contact models by adjusting the thermal resistance coefficient and partition coefficient.展开更多
文摘Multi?layer extension is based on single?layer design of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard and employed as the com?mon structure for scalability and multi?view video coding extensions of HEVC. In this paper, an overview of multi?layer extension is presented. The concepts and advantages of multi?layer extension are briefly described. High level syntax (HLS) for multi?layer extension and several new designs are also detailed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52175237)。
文摘The key parameters that characterize the morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal laser deposited parts are the surface roughness and the error between the actual printing height and the theoretical model height.The Taguchi method was employed to establish the correlations between process parameter combinations and multi-objective characterization of metal deposition morphology(height error and roughness).Results show that using the signal-to-noise ratio and grey relational analysis,the optimal parameter combination for multi-layer and multi-pass deposition is determined as follows:laser power of 800 W,powder feeding rate of 0.3 r/min,step distance of 1.6 mm,and scanning speed of 20 mm/s.Subsequently,a Genetic Bayesian-back propagation(GB-BP)network is constructed to predict multi-objective responses.Compared with the traditional back propagation network,the GB-back propagation network improves the prediction accuracy of height error and surface roughness by 43.14%and 71.43%,respectively.This network can accurately predict the multi-objective characterization of morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal deposited parts.
文摘The paper presents an extension multi-laye r p erceptron model that is capable of representing and reasoning propositional know ledge base. An extended version of propositional calculus is developed, and its some properties is discussed. Formulas of the extended calculus can be expressed in the extension multi-layer perceptron. Naturally, semantic deduction of prop ositional knowledge base can be implement by the extension multi-layer perceptr on, and by learning, an unknown formula set can be found.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3404700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52105313 and 52275299)+2 种基金the Research and Development Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission,China(No.KM202210005036)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0701)the National Defense Basic Research Projects of China(No.JCKY2022405C002).
文摘At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-layer multi-pass FRAM-deposited alumin-um alloy samples were successfully prepared using a non-shoulder tool head.The material flow behavior and microstructure of the over-lapped zone between adjacent layers and passes during multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition were studied using the hybrid 6061 and 5052 aluminum alloys.The results showed that a mechanical interlocking structure was formed between the adjacent layers and the adja-cent passes in the overlapped center area.Repeated friction and rolling of the tool head led to different degrees of lateral flow and plastic deformation of the materials in the overlapped zone,which made the recrystallization degree in the left and right edge zones of the over-lapped zone the highest,followed by the overlapped center zone and the non-overlapped zone.The tensile strength of the overlapped zone exceeded 90%of that of the single-pass deposition sample.It is proved that although there are uneven grooves on the surface of the over-lapping area during multi-layer and multi-pass deposition,they can be filled by the flow of materials during the deposition of the next lay-er,thus ensuring the dense microstructure and excellent mechanical properties of the overlapping area.The multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition overcomes the limitation of deposition width and lays the foundation for the future deposition of large-scale high-performance components.
基金Supported by NSF of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20171421)。
文摘This paper introduced the concept of generalized quasidiagonal extension of C^(*)-algebras and gave some basic properties.We show that the extension algebra preserves quasidiagonality and finitary in generalized quasidiagonal extension.We give also an example of generalized quasidiagonal extension,which is not quasidiagonal extension.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos:42130801,41430211,90814006,and 42072226)the“Deep-time Digital Earth”Science and Technology Leading Talents Team Funds for the Central Universities for the Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth,CUGB(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesGrant No:2652023001).
文摘How the subduction direction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate changes in the Early Cretaceous remains highly controversial due to the disappearance of the subducted oceanic plate.Intraplate deformation structures in the east Asian continent,however,provide excellent opportunities for reconstructing paleostress fields in continental interior in relation to the Paleo-Pacific/Eurasian plate interaction.Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility(AMS),geological,and geochronological analyses of post-kinematic mafic dykes intruding the detachment fault zone of the Wulian metamorphic core complex(WL MCC)in Jiaodong Peninsula exemplify emplacement of mantle-sourced dykes in a WNW-ESE(301°-121°)oriented tectonic extensional setting at ca.120 Ma.In combination with the results from our previous kinematic analysis of the MCC,a ca.21°clockwise change in the direction of intraplate extension is obtained for early(135-122 Ma)extensional exhumation of the MCC to late(122-108 Ma)emplacement of the dykes.Such a change is suggested to be related to the variation in subduction direction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate,from westward(pre-122 Ma)to west-northwestward(post-122 Ma).
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12161013)Research Projects of Guizhou University of Commerce in 2024。
文摘The modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras are considered,in which a modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebra consisting of a Lie-Yamaguti algebra and a modifiedλ-differential operator.First we introduce the representation of modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras.Furthermore,we establish the cohomology of a modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebra with coefficients in a representation.Finally,we investigate the one-parameter formal deformations and Abelian extensions of modifiedλ-differential Lie-Yamaguti algebras using the second cohomology group.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42176067,41576069,47906197 and 42206066the National Key R&D Program of China under contract No.2024YFF0506701the Project of Impact and Response of Antarctic Seas to Climate Change under contract No.IRASCC01-03-01.
文摘The Ross Sea basins,shaped by Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic extension within the crust of the Ross Sea,represent key regions for understanding continental rifting processes.However,the dynamic mechanisms driving the transition from diffuse extension to focused extension in these basins remain poorly understood.Here,we provide a comprehensive model of crustal extension in the Ross Sea basins,detailing the kinematic and dynamic evolution from 100 Ma to the present on the basis of published finite rotation poles.Our model illuminates the complex relative motions between the West Antarctic and East Antarctic Plates and quantifies the crustal strain rates associated with their relative movements.We show that West Antarctica began to move away slowly from the East Antarctic and rotated clockwise at approximately 53 Ma,and the motion progressively decreased until it ceased at approximately 11 Ma.This kinematic shift temporally coincided with the onset of focused rifting,indicating a transition from broadly distributed extension in the eastern Ross Sea to localized deformation in the western basin.Time-resolved strain rate fields further reveal several hundred kilometers of total crustal extension,suggesting a primary influence of evolving plate motions over passive lithospheric weakening.These findings refine the tectonic history of the Ross Sea and provide a reproducible framework linking rift basin evolution to global plate motion.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[Grant No.2022YFC2402400]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.62275062]+2 种基金Project of Shandong Innovation and Startup Community of High-end Medical Apparatus and Instruments[Grant Nos.2023-SGTTXM-002 and 2024-SGTTXM-005]the Shandong Province Technology Innovation Guidance Plan(Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund)[Grant No.YDZX2023115]the Taishan Scholar Special Funding Project of Shandong Province,and the Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials and Medical Devices in Weihai[Grant No.ZL202402].
文摘Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy is a novel imaging technique that combines the advantages of optical and ultrasound imaging,enabling high-resolution visualization of biological tissues at the micrometer scale.However,the divergence of the excited Gaussian beam limits the depth-of-field of the system to less than 100μm,which hinders accurate three-dimensional imaging of living tissues and restrictsits applicability in biological research.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an effective method to enhance the depth-of-field without altering the hardware configuration.This paper presents a photoacoustic microscopy depth-of-field extension method and system based on three-dimensional continuity and sparsity deconvolution.This method utilizes a depth-varying point spread function and incorporates continuity and sparsity con-straints into the deconvolution process to mitigate the effect of background noise,enhancing the stability and accuracy of the depth-of-field extension.Experimental results using tungsten wire phantoms suggest that the depth-of-field of system can be extended to 650 pm,which is 7.2 times greater than conventional system,while improving the resolution of the defocused region by an average factor of 3.5.Furthermore,experiments on zebrafish and nude mouse ears with irregular topologies demonstrate that the proposed method successfully overcomes image blurring and the loss of structural information due to limited depth-of-field.All the results suggest that the system with higher lateral resolution and enhanced depth-of-field has significant potential for a wide range of practical biomedical applications.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52172409)Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program(Grant No.BX20240298)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2682024GF023)Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Foundation Project(Grant No.LBH-Z23041).
文摘The huge impact kinetic energy cannot be quickly dissipated by the energy-absorbing structure and transferred to the other vehicle through the car body structure,which will cause structural damage and threaten the lives of the occupants.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the laws of energy conversion,dissipation and transfer during train collisions.This study proposes a multi-layer progressive analysis method of energy flow during train collisions,considering the characteristics of the train.In this method,the train collision system is divided into conversion,dissipation,and transfer layers from the perspective of the train,collision interface,and car body structure to analyze the energy conversion,dissipation and transfer characteristics.Taking the collision process of a rail train as an example,a train collision energy transfer path analysis model was established based on power flow theory.The results show that when the maximum mean acceleration of the vehicle meets the standard requirements,the jerk may exceed the allowable limit of the human body,and there is a risk of injury to the occupants of a secondary collision.The decay rate of the collision energy along the direction of train operation reaches 79%.As the collision progresses,the collision energy gradually converges in the structure with holes,and the structure deforms when the gathered energy is greater than the maximum energy the structure can withstand.The proposed method helps to understand the train collision energy flow law and provides theoretical support for the train crashworthiness design in the future.
基金supported by the China Geological Survey Program(Grant No.DD20220989)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41972118)。
文摘The tectonic setting of the Himalaya during the Early Paleozoic has been a subject of enduring debate within the scientific community.Newly discovered bimodal intrusive rocks from comprehensive field geological investigation in the central mountain range were subjected to petrology,zircon U-Pb geochronology,zircon Hf isotopes and whole-rock geochemistry analyses.The Palie bimodal intrusive rocks,comprising amphibolite and granitic gneiss,were formed at~489 Ma.The amphibolite exhibits geochemical characteristics consistent with N-MORB,while the granitic gneiss is classified as high potassium calc-alkaline peraluminous S-type granite.Both igneous rocks exhibit negative zirconε_(Hf)(t)values and display ancient T_(DM)^(C)ages.In conjunction with regional geological survey findings,it can be inferred that the formation of the Palie bimodal intrusive rocks occurred within a post-collision extensional tectonic setting.The amphibolite genesis involved partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle with some crustal assimilation,whereas the origin of the granitic gneiss can be attributed to partial melting of pre-existing felsic crust.Our data indicate that during the Early Paleozoic,the Himalaya underwent a transition from a pan-African collisional setting to post-collisional extensional tectonics.
基金Nourah bint Abdulrahman University for funding this project through the Researchers Supporting Project(PNURSP2025R319)Riyadh,Saudi Arabia and Prince Sultan University for covering the article processing charges(APC)associated with this publication.Special acknowledgement to Automated Systems&Soft Computing Lab(ASSCL),Prince Sultan University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The growing incidence of cyberattacks necessitates a robust and effective Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)for enhanced network security.While conventional IDSs can be unsuitable for detecting different and emerging attacks,there is a demand for better techniques to improve detection reliability.This study introduces a new method,the Deep Adaptive Multi-Layer Attention Network(DAMLAN),to boost the result of intrusion detection on network data.Due to its multi-scale attention mechanisms and graph features,DAMLAN aims to address both known and unknown intrusions.The real-world NSL-KDD dataset,a popular choice among IDS researchers,is used to assess the proposed model.There are 67,343 normal samples and 58,630 intrusion attacks in the training set,12,833 normal samples,and 9711 intrusion attacks in the test set.Thus,the proposed DAMLAN method is more effective than the standard models due to the consideration of patterns by the attention layers.The experimental performance of the proposed model demonstrates that it achieves 99.26%training accuracy and 90.68%testing accuracy,with precision reaching 98.54%on the training set and 96.64%on the testing set.The recall and F1 scores again support the model with training set values of 99.90%and 99.21%and testing set values of 86.65%and 91.37%.These results provide a strong basis for the claims made regarding the model’s potential to identify intrusion attacks and affirm its relatively strong overall performance,irrespective of type.Future work would employ more attempts to extend the scalability and applicability of DAMLAN for real-time use in intrusion detection systems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12161013)the Basic Research Program(Natural Science)of Guizhou Province(Grant No.ZK[2023]025).
文摘In this paper,we call a tuple consisting of 3-Lie algebra and a higher derivation on it a 3-LieHDer pair.We introduce a cohomology theory of 3-LieHDer pairs.Next,we interpret the second cohomology group as the space of all isomorphism classes of abelian extensions.Finally,we consider formal deformations of 3-LieHDer pairs that are governed by the cohomology with self-coefficient.
基金funded by Beasiswa Pendidikan Pascasarjana Dalam Negeri(BPPDN),Ministry of Education,Culture,Research,and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia。
文摘This study aimed to examine the influence of farmer characteristics and extension services on the sustainability of seaweed cultivation in three districts of Polewali Mandar Regency,West Sulawesi,namely Polewali,Binuang,and Wonomulyo.A total of 267 seaweed farmers were surveyed using a questionnaire,and the data were analyzed through multiple linear regression.Informed consent was obtained in writing from all participants before data collection.The results showed that farmer characteristics and extension services had a positive and significant effect on seaweed farming sustainability.These findings highlight the importance of strengthening both human capital and institutional support.Key farmer characteristics,such as education level,farming experience,motivation,and openness to innovation,play a vital role in sustaining seaweed businesses.Enhancing these competencies through training,formal and non-formal education,and capacity-building programs will improve farmers’ability to adopt sustainable practices,adapt to environmental changes,and increase productivity.Similarly,the significant role of extension services demonstrates the need for continuous technical assistance,knowledge transfer,and institutional backing.Improving extension systems by deploying more qualified field officers,conducting regular farm visits,and tailoring content to local contexts can bridge the gap between innovation and practice.Participatory extension models that engage farmers directly can further promote peer learning and community cohesion.At the policy level,this study supports integrating farmer capacity development and extension strengthening into regional agricultural and fisheries strategies to ensure long-term sustainability of seaweed farming.
基金Project(2023YFC3707800)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China。
文摘In practical engineering construction,multi-layered barriers containing geomembranes are extensively applied to retard the migration of pollutants.However,the associated analytical theory on pollutants diffusion still needs to be further improved.In this work,general analytical solutions are derived for one-dimensional diffusion of degradable organic contaminant(DOC)in the multi-layered media containing geomembranes under a time-varying concentration boundary condition,where the variable substitution and separated variable approaches are employed.These analytical solutions with clear expressions can be used not only to study the diffusion behaviors of DOC in bottom and vertical composite barrier systems,but also to verify other complex numerical models.The proposed general analytical solutions are then fully validated via three comparative analyses,including comparisons with the experimental measurements,an existing analytical solution,and a finite-difference solution.Ultimately,the influences of different factors on the composite cutoff wall’s(CCW,which consists of two soil-bentonite layers and a geomembrane)service performance are investigated through a composite vertical barrier system as the application example.The findings obtained from this investigation can provide scientific guidance for the barrier performance evaluation and the engineering design of CCWs.This application example also exhibits the necessity and effectiveness of the developed analytical solutions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12161013)the School-Level Student Research Project of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics(Grant No.2024ZXSY239).
文摘In this paper,we introduce non-abelian cohomology groups and classify the nonabelian extensions of Rota-Baxter pre-Lie algebras in terms of non-abelian cohomology groups.Next,we explore the inducibility of pairs of automorphisms and derive the analog Wells exact sequences under the circumstance of Rota-Baxter pre-Lie algebras.Finally,we discuss the inducibility problem of pairs of automorphisms about an abelian extensions of Rota-Baxter pre-Lie algebras.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.lzujbky-2024-05)Innovation Foundation of Provincial Education Department of Gansu(2024B-005)+2 种基金Scientific Department of Gansu(24CXGA083,24CXGA024,JK2024-28,JK2024-32 and 23CXJA0007)Industrial Support Plan Project of Provincial Education Department of Gansu(2025CYZC-003 and CYZC-2024-10)the Hunan Natural Science Foundation Science and Education Joint Fund Project(2022JJ60109).
文摘Transportation structures such as composite pavements and railway foundations typically consist of multi-layered media designed to withstand high bearing capacity.A theoretical understanding of load transfer mechanisms in these multi-layer composites is essential,as it offers intuitive insights into parametric influences and facilitates enhanced structural performance.This paper employs an improved transfer matrix method to address the limitations of existing theoretical approaches for analyzing multi-layer composite structures.By establishing a twodimensional composite pavement model,it investigates load transfer characteristics and validates the accuracy through finite element simulation.The proposed method offers a straightforward analytical approach for examining internal interactions between structural layers.Case studies indicate that the concrete surface layer is the main load-bearing layer for most vertical normal and shear stresses.The soil base layer reduces the overall mechanical response of the substructure,while horizontal actions increase the risk of interfacial slip and cracking.Structural optimization analysis demonstrates that increasing the thickness of the concrete surface layer,enhancing the thickness and stiffness of the soil base layer,or incorporating gradient layers can significantly mitigate these risks of interfacial slip and cracking.The findings of this study can guide the optimization design,parameter analysis,and damage prevention of multi-layer composite structures.
基金Project(52074352)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023JJ30680)supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China。
文摘After excavation,some of the surrounding rock mass is in a state of triaxial extension,exhibiting tensile or shear fracture modes.To study the energy mechanism of tensile fracture turning to shear fracture,a series of triaxial extension tests were conducted on sandstone under confining pressures of 10,30,50 and 70 MPa.Elastic energy and dissipated energy were separated by single unloading,the input energy u_(t),elastic energy u_(e),and dissipated energy u_(d)at different unloading stress levels were calculated by the integrating stress−strain curves.The results show that tensile cracks dominate fracture under lower confining pressure(10 MPa),and shear cracks play an increasingly important role in fracture as confining pressure increases(30,50 and 70 MPa).Based on the phenomenon that u_(e)and u_(d)increase linearly with increasing u_(t),a possible energy distribution mechanism of fracture mode transition under triaxial extension was proposed.In addition,it was found that peak energy storage capacity is more sensitive to confining pressure compared to elastic energy conversion capacity.
基金Projects(42477162,52108347,52178371,52168046,52178321,52308383)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2023C03143,2022C01099,2024C01219,2022C03151)supported by the Zhejiang Key Research and Development Plan,China+6 种基金Project(LQ22E080010)supported by the Exploring Youth Project of Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation,ChinaProject(LR21E080005)supported by the Outstanding Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,ChinaProject(2022M712964)supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023AFB008)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province for Youth,ChinaProject(202203)supported by Engineering Research Centre of Rock-Soil Drilling&Excavation and Protection,Ministry of Education,ChinaProject(202305-2)supported by the Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Communication Department,ChinaProject(2021K256)supported by the Construction Research Founds of Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of Zhejiang Province,China。
文摘This study proposes a general imperfect thermal contact model to predict the thermal contact resistance at the interface among multi-layered composite structures.Based on the Green-Lindsay(GL)thermoelastic theory,semi analytical solutions of temperature increment and displacement of multi-layered composite structures are obtained by using the Laplace transform method,upon which the effects of thermal resistance coefficient,partition coefficient,thermal conductivity ratio and heat capacity ratio on the responses are studied.The results show that the generalized imperfect thermal contact model can realistically describe the imperfect thermal contact problem.Accordingly,it may degenerate into other thermal contact models by adjusting the thermal resistance coefficient and partition coefficient.
