[Objectives]To establish a multi-indicator quality control method for the retention of Longqing Capsule based on the principle of prescription of Chinese medicine.[Methods]High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)w...[Objectives]To establish a multi-indicator quality control method for the retention of Longqing Capsule based on the principle of prescription of Chinese medicine.[Methods]High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)with ShimNex CS C 18 as the column;column temperature:35℃;wavelength:270 nm;methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase with gradient elution.[Results]The 12 components of the retention of Longqing Capsule showed good linearity within the investigated range(r≥0.9995),with the average spiked recoveries of 97.83%-100.52%and the RSD of 0.9%-2.1%.[Conclusions]The method is exclusive,sensitive,reproducible,simple and easy to use,and can provide a reference for the construction of the quality standard and control system of Longqing Capsule based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
A combined method of high performance liquid chromatograph-elecrtrospray-ionization mass spectrometer（HPLC-ESI-MS/MS） coupled with a photodiode array detector（HPLC-DAD） and principal component analysis（PCA） was ...A combined method of high performance liquid chromatograph-elecrtrospray-ionization mass spectrometer（HPLC-ESI-MS/MS） coupled with a photodiode array detector（HPLC-DAD） and principal component analysis（PCA） was applied to the qualitative and quantitative analyses of alkaloids in Cortex Phellodendri（CP） samples, and to the differentiation of two species of CP, Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis（CPC） and Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis（CPA）. Twenty-two peaks appeared in the HPLC-MS base peak chromatogram of CP detected by the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, and the alkaloids were identified according to the MSn data, the known MS fragmentation rules and the literature data. Five alkaloids including berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, phellodendrine and magnoflorine were simultaneously determinated by the HPLC-DAD. Berberine was the primary component in all CP samples, and the contents of berberine and palmatine were exploited to be two critical parameters for effective discrimination between the two species of CP. The average content of berberine in CPC（58.75 mg/g） was higher than that in CPA（9.16 mg/g）, while the content of palmatine was less, only 0.25 mg/g in CPC and 4.19 mg/g in CPA. With the use of PCA, samples datasets were separated successfully into two different clusters corresponding to the two species, and berberine, pahnatine, phellodendrine and magnoflorine contribute most to the above mentioned calssifying . The proposed method oroved to be a useful tool in the aualitv control of Chinese herbal medicines.展开更多
A new set of descriptors, HSEHPCSV （component score vector of hydrophobic, steric, and electronic properties together with hydrogen bonding contributions）, were derived from principal component analyses of 95 physic...A new set of descriptors, HSEHPCSV （component score vector of hydrophobic, steric, and electronic properties together with hydrogen bonding contributions）, were derived from principal component analyses of 95 physicochemical variables of 20 natural amino acids separately according to different kinds of properties described, namely, hydrophobic, steric, and electronic properties as well as hydrogen bonding contributions. HSEHPCSV scales were then employed to express structures of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, bitter tasting thresholds and bactericidal 18 peptide, and to construct QSAR models based on partial least square （PLS）. The results obtained are as follows： the multiple correlation coefficient （R2cum） of 0.846, 0.917 and 0.993, leave-one-out cross validated Q2cm of 0.835, 0.865 and 0.899, and root-mean-square error for estimated error （RMSEE） of 0.396, 0.187and 0.22, respectively. Satisfactory results showed that, as new amino acid scales, data of HSEHPCSV may be a useful structural expression methodology＇for the studies on peptide QSAR （quantitative structure-activity relationship） due to many advantages such as plentiful structural information, definite physical and chemical meaning and easy interpretation.展开更多
Software projects influenced by many human factors generate various risks. In order to develop highly quality software, it is important to respond to these risks reasonably and promptly. In addition, it is not easy fo...Software projects influenced by many human factors generate various risks. In order to develop highly quality software, it is important to respond to these risks reasonably and promptly. In addition, it is not easy for project managers to deal with these risks completely. Therefore, it is essential to manage the process quality by promoting activities of process monitoring and design quality assessment. In this paper, we discuss statistical data analysis for actual project management activities in process monitoring and design quality assessment, and analyze the effects for these software process improvement quantitatively by applying the methods of multivariate analysis. Then, we show how process factors affect the management measures of QCD (Quality, Cost, Delivery) by applying the multiple regression analyses to observed process monitoring data. Further, we quantitatively evaluate the effect by performing design quality assessment based on the principal component analysis and the factor analysis. As a result of analysis, we show that the design quality assessment activities are so effective for software process improvement. Further, based on the result of quantitative project assessment, we discuss the usefulness of process monitoring progress assessment by using a software reliability growth model. This result may enable us to give a useful quantitative measure of product release determination.展开更多
In modern processing of conducting materials, such as steel,the time-varying electromagnetic field plays a key role in obtaining the desired microstructure or eliminating solidification defects such as porosity and se...In modern processing of conducting materials, such as steel,the time-varying electromagnetic field plays a key role in obtaining the desired microstructure or eliminating solidification defects such as porosity and segregation in cast billets. Up to now,few studies on the induced electromagnetic force （also called the Lorentz force） field in liquid metal have been reported. Compared with the magnetic field, the induced force field is the real and only direct cause for flow control. The electromagnetic force is comprised of two components. One is time-independent and the other is time- dependent. The time-dependent component varies with time in both amplitude and direction. When it reaches the extreme value,it can be one dozen times larger than the time-independent component. In this paper, a new method to quantitatively describe the induced electromagnetic force in liquid metal under a harmonic electromagnetic field,including both its time- independent and dependent components, was proposed based on the formula derivation from the data of amplitude and phase angle. Through this method ,the features of the time-dependent component were discussed, including the directions of rotation and the long axis. As a result, the force pattern was described. With two example calculations, the method was explained in detail. The results of both examples show that the force field in liquid metal can be divided into several regions with different force features. Example 1 shows the effect of coil position on the evolution of the force field pattern in liquid metal. Example 2 is a kind of stirring by the travelling magnetic field ,whose results present the sub-structures in metal and show that most of them have almost the same rotating direction.展开更多
[Objectives]To regulate the quality of Wanjinxiang Shushuang Ointment through simultaneously quantifying menthol,camphor,1,8-cineole,linalool,borneol and caryophyllene oxide by QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-comp...[Objectives]To regulate the quality of Wanjinxiang Shushuang Ointment through simultaneously quantifying menthol,camphor,1,8-cineole,linalool,borneol and caryophyllene oxide by QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker).[Methods]The method was performed using an Agilent DB-WAX(30 m×0.32 mm,0.25μm)polyethylene glycol chromatographic column;with nitrogen employed as a carrier gas.The constant pressure was 4.73 psi;and the injection temperature was 240℃,with a shunt ratio:of 10:1;The hydrogen flame ion detector with a detector temperature of 240℃;the injection volume was 0.3μL.To verify the accuracy and applicability of QAMS,the results were compared with those obtained using the internal standard method(naphthalene).[Results]In Wanjinxiang Shushuang Ointment,menthol,camphor,1,8-cineole,linalool,borneol,caryophyllene oxide and naphthalene were well separated by the same chromatography with good linearity in their respective ranges(R≥0.9992).The average recoveries were 99.66%,101.03%,98.07%,98.24%,101.39%,and 103.39%with RSD s of 0.69%,1.52%,1.25%,1.94%,1.44%,and 2.74%,respectively.The QAMS is similar to the internal standard method.[Conclusions]This simple,accurate method with high precision,separation and reproducibility can serve as a reference for the quality control of Wanjinxiang Shushuang Ointment.展开更多
目的建立积雪草提取物的薄层色谱法(thin-layer chromatography,TLC)鉴别方法和高效液相色谱定量方法,并结合一测多评法(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker,QAMS)实现积雪草苷、积雪草苷B和羟基积雪草苷的定...目的建立积雪草提取物的薄层色谱法(thin-layer chromatography,TLC)鉴别方法和高效液相色谱定量方法,并结合一测多评法(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker,QAMS)实现积雪草苷、积雪草苷B和羟基积雪草苷的定量测定。方法首先采用TLC对积雪草提取物进行定性鉴别,确保样品的真实性;其次采用高效液相色谱法进行含量测定,流动相分别为2 mmol/Lβ-环糊精溶液和乙腈,检测波长为205 nm。以羟基积雪草苷为参照物,计算其他两种物质的相对校正因子,并将测定含量与外标法测定结果进行比较。结果3种成分在10~500 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,不同浓度水平的加标回收率范围为87.0%~108.2%,相对标准偏差为3.1%~5.2%,方法具有良好的精密度、重复性和稳定性。QAMS与外标法测定积雪草提取物中3种特征性成分的含量一致性良好。结论TLC鉴别方法结合QAMS方法实现定性定量检测,能够对积雪草提取物的质量控制提供技术支持。展开更多
目的建立一测多评法(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker,QAMS)同时测定小陷胸汤中次黄嘌呤、香草酸、木兰花碱、去亚甲基小檗碱、非洲防己碱、药根碱、盐酸黄连碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱的含量。方法本实...目的建立一测多评法(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker,QAMS)同时测定小陷胸汤中次黄嘌呤、香草酸、木兰花碱、去亚甲基小檗碱、非洲防己碱、药根碱、盐酸黄连碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱的含量。方法本实验采用色谱柱Spursil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.05 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液加磷酸调pH=4.0为流动相,检测波长:0~20 min:290 nm;20~45 min:300 nm,柱温30℃,进样量10μL。以盐酸小檗碱为内参物,分别计算其余8个成分的相对校正因子并计算各成分含量,比较外标法(external standard method,ESM)和QAMS法结果的差异。结果小陷胸汤9个成分在一定浓度范围与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r>0.9980),平均加样回收率为94.36%~105.57%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为0.52%~3.48%,QAMS法与ESM法测定的结果无显著性差异。结论本研究建立的小陷胸汤QAMS法结果准确可靠,该方法简便易行,可用于小陷胸汤的质量控制。展开更多
目的:建立一测多评法(QAMS)同时测定蒙古族成药每粒清热八味胶囊中胆红素、羟基红花黄色素A、芦丁、胡黄连苷Ⅱ、胡黄连苷Ⅰ、肉桂酸、槲皮素、紫堇灵、山柰素的质量。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,安捷伦Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(250...目的:建立一测多评法(QAMS)同时测定蒙古族成药每粒清热八味胶囊中胆红素、羟基红花黄色素A、芦丁、胡黄连苷Ⅱ、胡黄连苷Ⅰ、肉桂酸、槲皮素、紫堇灵、山柰素的质量。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,安捷伦Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.4%磷酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 m L·min^(–1),检测波长分别为275、370、403 nm,柱温为35℃。以羟基红花黄色素A和胡黄连苷Ⅰ为双标化合物,使用双标线性校正法(LCTRC)预测tR。以胡黄连苷Ⅰ为内参物,建立与其他8个成分的相对校正因子,并计算每粒中9个待测成分的质量,实现一测多评。同时与外标法进行比较,验证QAMS的准确性和可行性。结果:9个成分在各自质量浓度范围内的线性关系良好(r≥0.9990),平均加样回收率为93.0%~99.8%,RSD为0.23%~1.53%;建立的QAMS可用于测定每粒清热八味胶囊中9个指标成分的质量,并对6批清热八味胶囊进行测定,其计算值与测定值的差异无统计学意义。结论:QAMS测定清热八味胶囊中9个成分准确且可行,可用于清热八味胶囊的质量控制。展开更多
基金Supported by Provincial University Scientific Research Platform Team Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(Qianjiaoji[2022]No.010).
文摘[Objectives]To establish a multi-indicator quality control method for the retention of Longqing Capsule based on the principle of prescription of Chinese medicine.[Methods]High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)with ShimNex CS C 18 as the column;column temperature:35℃;wavelength:270 nm;methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase with gradient elution.[Results]The 12 components of the retention of Longqing Capsule showed good linearity within the investigated range(r≥0.9995),with the average spiked recoveries of 97.83%-100.52%and the RSD of 0.9%-2.1%.[Conclusions]The method is exclusive,sensitive,reproducible,simple and easy to use,and can provide a reference for the construction of the quality standard and control system of Longqing Capsule based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No30725045)the Foundation of Eleventh Five-Year-Plan of China(No2008ZX09202-002)+1 种基金the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project, China(NoB906)the Scientific Foundation of Shanghai City, China(No07DZ19702)
文摘A combined method of high performance liquid chromatograph-elecrtrospray-ionization mass spectrometer（HPLC-ESI-MS/MS） coupled with a photodiode array detector（HPLC-DAD） and principal component analysis（PCA） was applied to the qualitative and quantitative analyses of alkaloids in Cortex Phellodendri（CP） samples, and to the differentiation of two species of CP, Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis（CPC） and Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis（CPA）. Twenty-two peaks appeared in the HPLC-MS base peak chromatogram of CP detected by the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, and the alkaloids were identified according to the MSn data, the known MS fragmentation rules and the literature data. Five alkaloids including berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, phellodendrine and magnoflorine were simultaneously determinated by the HPLC-DAD. Berberine was the primary component in all CP samples, and the contents of berberine and palmatine were exploited to be two critical parameters for effective discrimination between the two species of CP. The average content of berberine in CPC（58.75 mg/g） was higher than that in CPA（9.16 mg/g）, while the content of palmatine was less, only 0.25 mg/g in CPC and 4.19 mg/g in CPA. With the use of PCA, samples datasets were separated successfully into two different clusters corresponding to the two species, and berberine, pahnatine, phellodendrine and magnoflorine contribute most to the above mentioned calssifying . The proposed method oroved to be a useful tool in the aualitv control of Chinese herbal medicines.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, No. 2006AA02Z312)
文摘A new set of descriptors, HSEHPCSV （component score vector of hydrophobic, steric, and electronic properties together with hydrogen bonding contributions）, were derived from principal component analyses of 95 physicochemical variables of 20 natural amino acids separately according to different kinds of properties described, namely, hydrophobic, steric, and electronic properties as well as hydrogen bonding contributions. HSEHPCSV scales were then employed to express structures of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, bitter tasting thresholds and bactericidal 18 peptide, and to construct QSAR models based on partial least square （PLS）. The results obtained are as follows： the multiple correlation coefficient （R2cum） of 0.846, 0.917 and 0.993, leave-one-out cross validated Q2cm of 0.835, 0.865 and 0.899, and root-mean-square error for estimated error （RMSEE） of 0.396, 0.187and 0.22, respectively. Satisfactory results showed that, as new amino acid scales, data of HSEHPCSV may be a useful structural expression methodology＇for the studies on peptide QSAR （quantitative structure-activity relationship） due to many advantages such as plentiful structural information, definite physical and chemical meaning and easy interpretation.
文摘Software projects influenced by many human factors generate various risks. In order to develop highly quality software, it is important to respond to these risks reasonably and promptly. In addition, it is not easy for project managers to deal with these risks completely. Therefore, it is essential to manage the process quality by promoting activities of process monitoring and design quality assessment. In this paper, we discuss statistical data analysis for actual project management activities in process monitoring and design quality assessment, and analyze the effects for these software process improvement quantitatively by applying the methods of multivariate analysis. Then, we show how process factors affect the management measures of QCD (Quality, Cost, Delivery) by applying the multiple regression analyses to observed process monitoring data. Further, we quantitatively evaluate the effect by performing design quality assessment based on the principal component analysis and the factor analysis. As a result of analysis, we show that the design quality assessment activities are so effective for software process improvement. Further, based on the result of quantitative project assessment, we discuss the usefulness of process monitoring progress assessment by using a software reliability growth model. This result may enable us to give a useful quantitative measure of product release determination.
文摘In modern processing of conducting materials, such as steel,the time-varying electromagnetic field plays a key role in obtaining the desired microstructure or eliminating solidification defects such as porosity and segregation in cast billets. Up to now,few studies on the induced electromagnetic force （also called the Lorentz force） field in liquid metal have been reported. Compared with the magnetic field, the induced force field is the real and only direct cause for flow control. The electromagnetic force is comprised of two components. One is time-independent and the other is time- dependent. The time-dependent component varies with time in both amplitude and direction. When it reaches the extreme value,it can be one dozen times larger than the time-independent component. In this paper, a new method to quantitatively describe the induced electromagnetic force in liquid metal under a harmonic electromagnetic field,including both its time- independent and dependent components, was proposed based on the formula derivation from the data of amplitude and phase angle. Through this method ,the features of the time-dependent component were discussed, including the directions of rotation and the long axis. As a result, the force pattern was described. With two example calculations, the method was explained in detail. The results of both examples show that the force field in liquid metal can be divided into several regions with different force features. Example 1 shows the effect of coil position on the evolution of the force field pattern in liquid metal. Example 2 is a kind of stirring by the travelling magnetic field ,whose results present the sub-structures in metal and show that most of them have almost the same rotating direction.
基金Supported by Projects of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education-Growth Program of Young Scientific and Technological Talents in Guizhou Ordinary Higher Education Institutions(QJHKY[2022]264)Rolling Support for Provincial University Research Platform Team Projects(QJJ[2022]010).
文摘[Objectives]To regulate the quality of Wanjinxiang Shushuang Ointment through simultaneously quantifying menthol,camphor,1,8-cineole,linalool,borneol and caryophyllene oxide by QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker).[Methods]The method was performed using an Agilent DB-WAX(30 m×0.32 mm,0.25μm)polyethylene glycol chromatographic column;with nitrogen employed as a carrier gas.The constant pressure was 4.73 psi;and the injection temperature was 240℃,with a shunt ratio:of 10:1;The hydrogen flame ion detector with a detector temperature of 240℃;the injection volume was 0.3μL.To verify the accuracy and applicability of QAMS,the results were compared with those obtained using the internal standard method(naphthalene).[Results]In Wanjinxiang Shushuang Ointment,menthol,camphor,1,8-cineole,linalool,borneol,caryophyllene oxide and naphthalene were well separated by the same chromatography with good linearity in their respective ranges(R≥0.9992).The average recoveries were 99.66%,101.03%,98.07%,98.24%,101.39%,and 103.39%with RSD s of 0.69%,1.52%,1.25%,1.94%,1.44%,and 2.74%,respectively.The QAMS is similar to the internal standard method.[Conclusions]This simple,accurate method with high precision,separation and reproducibility can serve as a reference for the quality control of Wanjinxiang Shushuang Ointment.
文摘目的建立积雪草提取物的薄层色谱法(thin-layer chromatography,TLC)鉴别方法和高效液相色谱定量方法,并结合一测多评法(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker,QAMS)实现积雪草苷、积雪草苷B和羟基积雪草苷的定量测定。方法首先采用TLC对积雪草提取物进行定性鉴别,确保样品的真实性;其次采用高效液相色谱法进行含量测定,流动相分别为2 mmol/Lβ-环糊精溶液和乙腈,检测波长为205 nm。以羟基积雪草苷为参照物,计算其他两种物质的相对校正因子,并将测定含量与外标法测定结果进行比较。结果3种成分在10~500 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,不同浓度水平的加标回收率范围为87.0%~108.2%,相对标准偏差为3.1%~5.2%,方法具有良好的精密度、重复性和稳定性。QAMS与外标法测定积雪草提取物中3种特征性成分的含量一致性良好。结论TLC鉴别方法结合QAMS方法实现定性定量检测,能够对积雪草提取物的质量控制提供技术支持。
文摘目的建立一测多评法(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker,QAMS)同时测定小陷胸汤中次黄嘌呤、香草酸、木兰花碱、去亚甲基小檗碱、非洲防己碱、药根碱、盐酸黄连碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱的含量。方法本实验采用色谱柱Spursil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.05 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液加磷酸调pH=4.0为流动相,检测波长:0~20 min:290 nm;20~45 min:300 nm,柱温30℃,进样量10μL。以盐酸小檗碱为内参物,分别计算其余8个成分的相对校正因子并计算各成分含量,比较外标法(external standard method,ESM)和QAMS法结果的差异。结果小陷胸汤9个成分在一定浓度范围与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r>0.9980),平均加样回收率为94.36%~105.57%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为0.52%~3.48%,QAMS法与ESM法测定的结果无显著性差异。结论本研究建立的小陷胸汤QAMS法结果准确可靠,该方法简便易行,可用于小陷胸汤的质量控制。
文摘目的:建立一测多评法(QAMS)同时测定蒙古族成药每粒清热八味胶囊中胆红素、羟基红花黄色素A、芦丁、胡黄连苷Ⅱ、胡黄连苷Ⅰ、肉桂酸、槲皮素、紫堇灵、山柰素的质量。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,安捷伦Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.4%磷酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 m L·min^(–1),检测波长分别为275、370、403 nm,柱温为35℃。以羟基红花黄色素A和胡黄连苷Ⅰ为双标化合物,使用双标线性校正法(LCTRC)预测tR。以胡黄连苷Ⅰ为内参物,建立与其他8个成分的相对校正因子,并计算每粒中9个待测成分的质量,实现一测多评。同时与外标法进行比较,验证QAMS的准确性和可行性。结果:9个成分在各自质量浓度范围内的线性关系良好(r≥0.9990),平均加样回收率为93.0%~99.8%,RSD为0.23%~1.53%;建立的QAMS可用于测定每粒清热八味胶囊中9个指标成分的质量,并对6批清热八味胶囊进行测定,其计算值与测定值的差异无统计学意义。结论:QAMS测定清热八味胶囊中9个成分准确且可行,可用于清热八味胶囊的质量控制。
