A combined method of high performance liquid chromatograph-elecrtrospray-ionization mass spectrometer（HPLC-ESI-MS/MS） coupled with a photodiode array detector（HPLC-DAD） and principal component analysis（PCA） was ...A combined method of high performance liquid chromatograph-elecrtrospray-ionization mass spectrometer（HPLC-ESI-MS/MS） coupled with a photodiode array detector（HPLC-DAD） and principal component analysis（PCA） was applied to the qualitative and quantitative analyses of alkaloids in Cortex Phellodendri（CP） samples, and to the differentiation of two species of CP, Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis（CPC） and Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis（CPA）. Twenty-two peaks appeared in the HPLC-MS base peak chromatogram of CP detected by the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, and the alkaloids were identified according to the MSn data, the known MS fragmentation rules and the literature data. Five alkaloids including berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, phellodendrine and magnoflorine were simultaneously determinated by the HPLC-DAD. Berberine was the primary component in all CP samples, and the contents of berberine and palmatine were exploited to be two critical parameters for effective discrimination between the two species of CP. The average content of berberine in CPC（58.75 mg/g） was higher than that in CPA（9.16 mg/g）, while the content of palmatine was less, only 0.25 mg/g in CPC and 4.19 mg/g in CPA. With the use of PCA, samples datasets were separated successfully into two different clusters corresponding to the two species, and berberine, pahnatine, phellodendrine and magnoflorine contribute most to the above mentioned calssifying . The proposed method oroved to be a useful tool in the aualitv control of Chinese herbal medicines.展开更多
[Objectives]To establish a multi-indicator quality control method for the retention of Longqing Capsule based on the principle of prescription of Chinese medicine.[Methods]High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)w...[Objectives]To establish a multi-indicator quality control method for the retention of Longqing Capsule based on the principle of prescription of Chinese medicine.[Methods]High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)with ShimNex CS C 18 as the column;column temperature:35℃;wavelength:270 nm;methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase with gradient elution.[Results]The 12 components of the retention of Longqing Capsule showed good linearity within the investigated range(r≥0.9995),with the average spiked recoveries of 97.83%-100.52%and the RSD of 0.9%-2.1%.[Conclusions]The method is exclusive,sensitive,reproducible,simple and easy to use,and can provide a reference for the construction of the quality standard and control system of Longqing Capsule based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
A new set of descriptors, HSEHPCSV （component score vector of hydrophobic, steric, and electronic properties together with hydrogen bonding contributions）, were derived from principal component analyses of 95 physic...A new set of descriptors, HSEHPCSV （component score vector of hydrophobic, steric, and electronic properties together with hydrogen bonding contributions）, were derived from principal component analyses of 95 physicochemical variables of 20 natural amino acids separately according to different kinds of properties described, namely, hydrophobic, steric, and electronic properties as well as hydrogen bonding contributions. HSEHPCSV scales were then employed to express structures of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, bitter tasting thresholds and bactericidal 18 peptide, and to construct QSAR models based on partial least square （PLS）. The results obtained are as follows： the multiple correlation coefficient （R2cum） of 0.846, 0.917 and 0.993, leave-one-out cross validated Q2cm of 0.835, 0.865 and 0.899, and root-mean-square error for estimated error （RMSEE） of 0.396, 0.187and 0.22, respectively. Satisfactory results showed that, as new amino acid scales, data of HSEHPCSV may be a useful structural expression methodology＇for the studies on peptide QSAR （quantitative structure-activity relationship） due to many advantages such as plentiful structural information, definite physical and chemical meaning and easy interpretation.展开更多
Software projects influenced by many human factors generate various risks. In order to develop highly quality software, it is important to respond to these risks reasonably and promptly. In addition, it is not easy fo...Software projects influenced by many human factors generate various risks. In order to develop highly quality software, it is important to respond to these risks reasonably and promptly. In addition, it is not easy for project managers to deal with these risks completely. Therefore, it is essential to manage the process quality by promoting activities of process monitoring and design quality assessment. In this paper, we discuss statistical data analysis for actual project management activities in process monitoring and design quality assessment, and analyze the effects for these software process improvement quantitatively by applying the methods of multivariate analysis. Then, we show how process factors affect the management measures of QCD (Quality, Cost, Delivery) by applying the multiple regression analyses to observed process monitoring data. Further, we quantitatively evaluate the effect by performing design quality assessment based on the principal component analysis and the factor analysis. As a result of analysis, we show that the design quality assessment activities are so effective for software process improvement. Further, based on the result of quantitative project assessment, we discuss the usefulness of process monitoring progress assessment by using a software reliability growth model. This result may enable us to give a useful quantitative measure of product release determination.展开更多
In modern processing of conducting materials, such as steel,the time-varying electromagnetic field plays a key role in obtaining the desired microstructure or eliminating solidification defects such as porosity and se...In modern processing of conducting materials, such as steel,the time-varying electromagnetic field plays a key role in obtaining the desired microstructure or eliminating solidification defects such as porosity and segregation in cast billets. Up to now,few studies on the induced electromagnetic force （also called the Lorentz force） field in liquid metal have been reported. Compared with the magnetic field, the induced force field is the real and only direct cause for flow control. The electromagnetic force is comprised of two components. One is time-independent and the other is time- dependent. The time-dependent component varies with time in both amplitude and direction. When it reaches the extreme value,it can be one dozen times larger than the time-independent component. In this paper, a new method to quantitatively describe the induced electromagnetic force in liquid metal under a harmonic electromagnetic field,including both its time- independent and dependent components, was proposed based on the formula derivation from the data of amplitude and phase angle. Through this method ,the features of the time-dependent component were discussed, including the directions of rotation and the long axis. As a result, the force pattern was described. With two example calculations, the method was explained in detail. The results of both examples show that the force field in liquid metal can be divided into several regions with different force features. Example 1 shows the effect of coil position on the evolution of the force field pattern in liquid metal. Example 2 is a kind of stirring by the travelling magnetic field ,whose results present the sub-structures in metal and show that most of them have almost the same rotating direction.展开更多
[Objectives]To regulate the quality of Wanjinxiang Shushuang Ointment through simultaneously quantifying menthol,camphor,1,8-cineole,linalool,borneol and caryophyllene oxide by QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-comp...[Objectives]To regulate the quality of Wanjinxiang Shushuang Ointment through simultaneously quantifying menthol,camphor,1,8-cineole,linalool,borneol and caryophyllene oxide by QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker).[Methods]The method was performed using an Agilent DB-WAX(30 m×0.32 mm,0.25μm)polyethylene glycol chromatographic column;with nitrogen employed as a carrier gas.The constant pressure was 4.73 psi;and the injection temperature was 240℃,with a shunt ratio:of 10:1;The hydrogen flame ion detector with a detector temperature of 240℃;the injection volume was 0.3μL.To verify the accuracy and applicability of QAMS,the results were compared with those obtained using the internal standard method(naphthalene).[Results]In Wanjinxiang Shushuang Ointment,menthol,camphor,1,8-cineole,linalool,borneol,caryophyllene oxide and naphthalene were well separated by the same chromatography with good linearity in their respective ranges(R≥0.9992).The average recoveries were 99.66%,101.03%,98.07%,98.24%,101.39%,and 103.39%with RSD s of 0.69%,1.52%,1.25%,1.94%,1.44%,and 2.74%,respectively.The QAMS is similar to the internal standard method.[Conclusions]This simple,accurate method with high precision,separation and reproducibility can serve as a reference for the quality control of Wanjinxiang Shushuang Ointment.展开更多
建立高效液相色谱–二极管阵列检测法(high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector,HPLC-DAD)波长转换结合一测多评法(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker,QAMS)同时测定金柴清热颗粒中11...建立高效液相色谱–二极管阵列检测法(high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector,HPLC-DAD)波长转换结合一测多评法(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker,QAMS)同时测定金柴清热颗粒中11种成分含量的方法,为其质量控制提供科学依据及质量保障。采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长327、278、250 nm,流速1.0 mL·min^(-1),柱温25℃,以葛根素为内参物,建立葛根素与新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、大豆苷、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸C、黄芩苷、大豆苷元、牛蒡苷的相对校正因子,计算含量;11种成分在各自浓度范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9995),平均加样回收率为98.05%~100.90%,RSD为0.98%~2.35%(n=6);不同设备、色谱柱、柱温、进样体积、流速等色谱条件下耐用性良好,与外标法(external standard method,ESM)相比较,以葛根素为内参物的QAMS法对其余10种成分的测定结果无显著性差异。结果表明,该方法简便、稳定,可实现金柴清热颗粒中11种成分的质量控制,为其质量标准化提供技术支撑。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No30725045)the Foundation of Eleventh Five-Year-Plan of China(No2008ZX09202-002)+1 种基金the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project, China(NoB906)the Scientific Foundation of Shanghai City, China(No07DZ19702)
文摘A combined method of high performance liquid chromatograph-elecrtrospray-ionization mass spectrometer（HPLC-ESI-MS/MS） coupled with a photodiode array detector（HPLC-DAD） and principal component analysis（PCA） was applied to the qualitative and quantitative analyses of alkaloids in Cortex Phellodendri（CP） samples, and to the differentiation of two species of CP, Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis（CPC） and Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis（CPA）. Twenty-two peaks appeared in the HPLC-MS base peak chromatogram of CP detected by the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, and the alkaloids were identified according to the MSn data, the known MS fragmentation rules and the literature data. Five alkaloids including berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, phellodendrine and magnoflorine were simultaneously determinated by the HPLC-DAD. Berberine was the primary component in all CP samples, and the contents of berberine and palmatine were exploited to be two critical parameters for effective discrimination between the two species of CP. The average content of berberine in CPC（58.75 mg/g） was higher than that in CPA（9.16 mg/g）, while the content of palmatine was less, only 0.25 mg/g in CPC and 4.19 mg/g in CPA. With the use of PCA, samples datasets were separated successfully into two different clusters corresponding to the two species, and berberine, pahnatine, phellodendrine and magnoflorine contribute most to the above mentioned calssifying . The proposed method oroved to be a useful tool in the aualitv control of Chinese herbal medicines.
基金Supported by Provincial University Scientific Research Platform Team Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(Qianjiaoji[2022]No.010).
文摘[Objectives]To establish a multi-indicator quality control method for the retention of Longqing Capsule based on the principle of prescription of Chinese medicine.[Methods]High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)with ShimNex CS C 18 as the column;column temperature:35℃;wavelength:270 nm;methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase with gradient elution.[Results]The 12 components of the retention of Longqing Capsule showed good linearity within the investigated range(r≥0.9995),with the average spiked recoveries of 97.83%-100.52%and the RSD of 0.9%-2.1%.[Conclusions]The method is exclusive,sensitive,reproducible,simple and easy to use,and can provide a reference for the construction of the quality standard and control system of Longqing Capsule based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, No. 2006AA02Z312)
文摘A new set of descriptors, HSEHPCSV （component score vector of hydrophobic, steric, and electronic properties together with hydrogen bonding contributions）, were derived from principal component analyses of 95 physicochemical variables of 20 natural amino acids separately according to different kinds of properties described, namely, hydrophobic, steric, and electronic properties as well as hydrogen bonding contributions. HSEHPCSV scales were then employed to express structures of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, bitter tasting thresholds and bactericidal 18 peptide, and to construct QSAR models based on partial least square （PLS）. The results obtained are as follows： the multiple correlation coefficient （R2cum） of 0.846, 0.917 and 0.993, leave-one-out cross validated Q2cm of 0.835, 0.865 and 0.899, and root-mean-square error for estimated error （RMSEE） of 0.396, 0.187and 0.22, respectively. Satisfactory results showed that, as new amino acid scales, data of HSEHPCSV may be a useful structural expression methodology＇for the studies on peptide QSAR （quantitative structure-activity relationship） due to many advantages such as plentiful structural information, definite physical and chemical meaning and easy interpretation.
文摘Software projects influenced by many human factors generate various risks. In order to develop highly quality software, it is important to respond to these risks reasonably and promptly. In addition, it is not easy for project managers to deal with these risks completely. Therefore, it is essential to manage the process quality by promoting activities of process monitoring and design quality assessment. In this paper, we discuss statistical data analysis for actual project management activities in process monitoring and design quality assessment, and analyze the effects for these software process improvement quantitatively by applying the methods of multivariate analysis. Then, we show how process factors affect the management measures of QCD (Quality, Cost, Delivery) by applying the multiple regression analyses to observed process monitoring data. Further, we quantitatively evaluate the effect by performing design quality assessment based on the principal component analysis and the factor analysis. As a result of analysis, we show that the design quality assessment activities are so effective for software process improvement. Further, based on the result of quantitative project assessment, we discuss the usefulness of process monitoring progress assessment by using a software reliability growth model. This result may enable us to give a useful quantitative measure of product release determination.
文摘In modern processing of conducting materials, such as steel,the time-varying electromagnetic field plays a key role in obtaining the desired microstructure or eliminating solidification defects such as porosity and segregation in cast billets. Up to now,few studies on the induced electromagnetic force （also called the Lorentz force） field in liquid metal have been reported. Compared with the magnetic field, the induced force field is the real and only direct cause for flow control. The electromagnetic force is comprised of two components. One is time-independent and the other is time- dependent. The time-dependent component varies with time in both amplitude and direction. When it reaches the extreme value,it can be one dozen times larger than the time-independent component. In this paper, a new method to quantitatively describe the induced electromagnetic force in liquid metal under a harmonic electromagnetic field,including both its time- independent and dependent components, was proposed based on the formula derivation from the data of amplitude and phase angle. Through this method ,the features of the time-dependent component were discussed, including the directions of rotation and the long axis. As a result, the force pattern was described. With two example calculations, the method was explained in detail. The results of both examples show that the force field in liquid metal can be divided into several regions with different force features. Example 1 shows the effect of coil position on the evolution of the force field pattern in liquid metal. Example 2 is a kind of stirring by the travelling magnetic field ,whose results present the sub-structures in metal and show that most of them have almost the same rotating direction.
基金Supported by Projects of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education-Growth Program of Young Scientific and Technological Talents in Guizhou Ordinary Higher Education Institutions(QJHKY[2022]264)Rolling Support for Provincial University Research Platform Team Projects(QJJ[2022]010).
文摘[Objectives]To regulate the quality of Wanjinxiang Shushuang Ointment through simultaneously quantifying menthol,camphor,1,8-cineole,linalool,borneol and caryophyllene oxide by QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker).[Methods]The method was performed using an Agilent DB-WAX(30 m×0.32 mm,0.25μm)polyethylene glycol chromatographic column;with nitrogen employed as a carrier gas.The constant pressure was 4.73 psi;and the injection temperature was 240℃,with a shunt ratio:of 10:1;The hydrogen flame ion detector with a detector temperature of 240℃;the injection volume was 0.3μL.To verify the accuracy and applicability of QAMS,the results were compared with those obtained using the internal standard method(naphthalene).[Results]In Wanjinxiang Shushuang Ointment,menthol,camphor,1,8-cineole,linalool,borneol,caryophyllene oxide and naphthalene were well separated by the same chromatography with good linearity in their respective ranges(R≥0.9992).The average recoveries were 99.66%,101.03%,98.07%,98.24%,101.39%,and 103.39%with RSD s of 0.69%,1.52%,1.25%,1.94%,1.44%,and 2.74%,respectively.The QAMS is similar to the internal standard method.[Conclusions]This simple,accurate method with high precision,separation and reproducibility can serve as a reference for the quality control of Wanjinxiang Shushuang Ointment.
文摘建立高效液相色谱–二极管阵列检测法(high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector,HPLC-DAD)波长转换结合一测多评法(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker,QAMS)同时测定金柴清热颗粒中11种成分含量的方法,为其质量控制提供科学依据及质量保障。采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长327、278、250 nm,流速1.0 mL·min^(-1),柱温25℃,以葛根素为内参物,建立葛根素与新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、大豆苷、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸C、黄芩苷、大豆苷元、牛蒡苷的相对校正因子,计算含量;11种成分在各自浓度范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9995),平均加样回收率为98.05%~100.90%,RSD为0.98%~2.35%(n=6);不同设备、色谱柱、柱温、进样体积、流速等色谱条件下耐用性良好,与外标法(external standard method,ESM)相比较,以葛根素为内参物的QAMS法对其余10种成分的测定结果无显著性差异。结果表明,该方法简便、稳定,可实现金柴清热颗粒中11种成分的质量控制,为其质量标准化提供技术支撑。
