Digital watermarking technology plays an important role in detecting malicious tampering and protecting image copyright.However,in practical applications,this technology faces various problems such as severe image dis...Digital watermarking technology plays an important role in detecting malicious tampering and protecting image copyright.However,in practical applications,this technology faces various problems such as severe image distortion,inaccurate localization of the tampered regions,and difficulty in recovering content.Given these shortcomings,a fragile image watermarking algorithm for tampering blind-detection and content self-recovery is proposed.The multi-feature watermarking authentication code(AC)is constructed using texture feature of local binary patterns(LBP),direct coefficient of discrete cosine transform(DCT)and contrast feature of gray level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM)for detecting the tampered region,and the recovery code(RC)is designed according to the average grayscale value of pixels in image blocks for recovering the tampered content.Optimal pixel adjustment process(OPAP)and least significant bit(LSB)algorithms are used to embed the recovery code and authentication code into the image in a staggered manner.When detecting the integrity of the image,the authentication code comparison method and threshold judgment method are used to perform two rounds of tampering detection on the image and blindly recover the tampered content.Experimental results show that this algorithm has good transparency,strong and blind detection,and self-recovery performance against four types of malicious attacks and some conventional signal processing operations.When resisting copy-paste,text addition,cropping and vector quantization under the tampering rate(TR)10%,the average tampering detection rate is up to 94.09%,and the peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)of the watermarked image and the recovered image are both greater than 41.47 and 40.31 dB,which demonstrates its excellent advantages compared with other related algorithms in recent years.展开更多
Urban forests are highly multifunctional and provide numerous ecological functions.Plant functional traits individually or jointly influence the ecological multifunctionality of tree species(TS-EMF)and can also modify...Urban forests are highly multifunctional and provide numerous ecological functions.Plant functional traits individually or jointly influence the ecological multifunctionality of tree species(TS-EMF)and can also modify TSEMF in response to environmental changes.However,there has been limited exploration of multitrait combinations for predicting TS-EMF across seasons and of trait thresholds that enhance TS-EMF.Here,for 10 dominant tree species in urban forests of Northeast China,14 traits were measured and four aboveground and three belowground ecological functions assessed in three seasons.Ecological functions and TS-EMF differed significantly throughout the seasons(P<0.05).Synergistic relationships were found between carbon sequestration and oxygen release,between cooling and humidification,and between organic carbon accumulation and nutrient cycling.Notably,aboveground multifunctionality played a leading role in TS-EMF.With seasonal changes,resource allocation shifted toward traits related to resource acquisition rather than conservation to maintain TS-EMF.The combination of traits that predicted TS-EMF varied by type,accounting for up to 66.45%of the variation.TS-EMF was primarily driven by leaf structure in spring and by nutrient accumulation in autumn.Leaf carbon content(LCC)consistently served as a stabilizing factor for predicting TS-EMF across seasons.At 36.5-36.8 mg g^(-1),LCC had its optimal effect on TS-EMF.Other traits in combination that positively influence total TS-EMF include leaf nitrogen content(3.43-3.45 mg g^(-1)),leaf phosphorus content(0.80-0.83 mg g^(-1)),and leaf area(65.86-68.43 cm^(2)).Within these specified trait thresholds,Morus alba and Quercus mongolica were identified as key species.These findings suggest that the trade-off between various ecological functions can be managed by altering plant traits across seasons.This approach could provide a theoretical foundation for enhancing the TS-EMF of urban forests through trait-based management,offering practical guidance for selecting tree species.展开更多
In global navigation satellite system denial environment,cross-view geo-localization based on image retrieval presents an exceedingly critical visual localization solution for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)systems.The e...In global navigation satellite system denial environment,cross-view geo-localization based on image retrieval presents an exceedingly critical visual localization solution for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)systems.The essence of cross-view geo-localization resides in matching images containing the same geographical targets from disparate platforms,such as UAV-view and satellite-view images.However,images of the same geographical targets may suffer from occlusions and geometric distortions due to variations in the capturing platform,view,and timing.The existing methods predominantly extract features by segmenting feature maps,which overlook the holistic semantic distribution and structural information of objects,resulting in loss of image information.To address these challenges,dilated neighborhood attention Transformer is employed as the feature extraction backbone,and Multi-feature representations based on Multi-scale Hierarchical Contextual Aggregation(MMHCA)is proposed.In the proposed MMHCA method,the multiscale hierarchical contextual aggregation method is utilized to extract contextual information from local to global across various granularity levels,establishing feature associations of contextual information with global and local information in the image.Subsequently,the multi-feature representations method is utilized to obtain rich discriminative feature information,bolstering the robustness of model in scenarios characterized by positional shifts,varying distances,and scale ambiguities.Comprehensive experiments conducted on the extensively utilized University-1652 and SUES-200 benchmarks indicate that the MMHCA method surpasses the existing techniques.showing outstanding results in UAV localization and navigation.展开更多
A later heading date generally leads to higher grain yield in favorable ecological regions;however,grain yield reaches a limit as the heading date exceeds a certain threshold.Ghd7 is the first cloned major gene that r...A later heading date generally leads to higher grain yield in favorable ecological regions;however,grain yield reaches a limit as the heading date exceeds a certain threshold.Ghd7 is the first cloned major gene that regulates heading date,plant height and grain number.Here,we investigated the relationship between Ghd7 and florigen genes Hd3a and RFT1,to determine their roles in regulating heading date and grain number under different photoperiods.Our results revealed that under long-day(LD)conditions,Hd3a acts prior to RFT1 to promote heading while negatively regulating plant height and grain number.In contrast,Ghd7 positively regulates heading date,plant height,and grain number by inhibiting both Hd3a and RFT1.Under short-day(SD)conditions,the functions of Hd3a and RFT1 remain consistent with those under LD conditions,but Ghd7 does not inhibit their expression,resulting in a weaker phenotypic effect compared to Hd3a.Additionally,under both LD and SD conditions,increased Ghd7 expression enhances its inhibitory effect on Hd3a and RFT1,leading to later heading and increased grain number;however,once the heading date exceeds 94 d,grain number no longer increases.Moreover,the gn1a allele increased grain number by 16.5%to 42.5%,while combinations of the elite alleles from Ghd7,Hd3a,RFT1,and Gn1a significantly increased grain number by up to 240.9%.Therefore,we propose a new breeding strategy to optimize the heading date and grain number using the Ghd7Hd3aRFT1gn1a combination of Ghd7,Hd3a,RFT1,and Gn1a under LD conditions,and the Ghd7hd3aRFT1gn1a combination under SD conditions.This strategy improved the yield of the high-quality Northeast variety Kongyu 131(KY131)by 69.1%in Beijing and 93.7%in Hainan.This strategy will greatly improve the efficiency of north-to-south adaptation in rice,providing theoretical guidance for expanding the geographical adaptability of rice varieties.展开更多
This study proposes a learner profile framework based on multi-feature fusion,aiming to enhance the precision of personalized learning recommendations by integrating learners’static attributes(e.g.,demographic data a...This study proposes a learner profile framework based on multi-feature fusion,aiming to enhance the precision of personalized learning recommendations by integrating learners’static attributes(e.g.,demographic data and historical academic performance)with dynamic behavioral patterns(e.g.,real-time interactions and evolving interests over time).The research employs Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency(TF-IDF)for semantic feature extraction,integrates the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)for feature weighting,and introduces a time decay function inspired by Newton’s law of cooling to dynamically model changes in learners’interests.Empirical results demonstrate that this framework effectively captures the dynamic evolution of learners’behaviors and provides context-aware learning resource recommendations.The study introduces a novel paradigm for learner modeling in educational technology,combining methodological innovation with a scalable technical architecture,thereby laying a foundation for the development of adaptive learning systems.展开更多
The traditional EnFCM(Enhanced fuzzy C-means)algorithm only considers the grey-scale features in image segmentation,resulting in less than satisfactory results when the algorithm is used for remote sensing woodland im...The traditional EnFCM(Enhanced fuzzy C-means)algorithm only considers the grey-scale features in image segmentation,resulting in less than satisfactory results when the algorithm is used for remote sensing woodland image segmentation and extraction.An EnFCM remote sensing forest land extraction method based on PCA multi-feature fusion was proposed.Firstly,histogram equalization was applied to improve the image contrast.Secondly,the texture and edge features of the image were extracted,and a multi-feature fused pixel image was generated using the PCA technique.Moreover,the fused feature was used as a feature constraint to measure the difference of pixels instead of a single grey-scale feature.Finally,an improved feature distance metric calculated the similarity between the pixel points and the cluster center to complete the cluster segmentation.The experimental results showed that the error was between 1.5%and 4.0%compared with the forested area counted by experts’hand-drawing,which could obtain a high accuracy segmentation and extraction result.展开更多
Recently,Choe-Koo-Wang(J Funct Anal,2020,278)demonstrated the rigid phenomenon:The compact linear combination of composition operators under the Coefficient Non-cancellation Condition(CNC),implies that each difference...Recently,Choe-Koo-Wang(J Funct Anal,2020,278)demonstrated the rigid phenomenon:The compact linear combination of composition operators under the Coefficient Non-cancellation Condition(CNC),implies that each difference is compact on the weighted Bergman space in the unit disk.Motivated by the subtle connection of composition operator theory on the weighted Bergman spaces,Korenblum spaces and bounded holomorphic function spaces,we first explore the rigid phenomenon which also holds on the Korenblum space over the unit ball.Furthermore,we discuss which difference of composition operators is compact when the compact combination of composition operators does not satisfy the condition(CNC)on Korenblum spaces and bounded holomorphic function spaces over the unit ball setting.展开更多
Effective isolation between the cement sheath and the sandstone is crucial for the development and production of oil and gas wells in sandstone formations.In this study,a cement-sandstone composite(CSC)was prepared,an...Effective isolation between the cement sheath and the sandstone is crucial for the development and production of oil and gas wells in sandstone formations.In this study,a cement-sandstone composite(CSC)was prepared,and based onμ-CT three-dimensional reconstruction imaging and finite element analysis(FEA)techniques,the stress distribution and potential failure mechanism at the cement-sandstone bonding interface under axial loading were analyzed.The key findings are as follows:(1)stress concentrations are highly likely to form at the gap between the cement and sandstone interface and around interfacial voids,with Von Mises stress reaching critical levels of 18.0-20.0 MPa at these locations,significantly exceeding the stress magnitudes in well-bonded regions;(2)the phenomenon of local stress concentration driven by interfacial defects can be identified as the main basis for predicting damage location in interfacial debonding and continuous shear under axial load;(3)ensuring tight cementation at the cement-sandstone interface and minimizing interfacial voids are paramount for preventing stress-induced failure;(4)the critical Von Mises stress value of 20 MPa at the interface defect can be used as a benchmark for material selection and designed to ensure long-term integrity in oil and gas well applications subjected to similar axial loads.These findings contribute to a more accurate understanding of the failure mechanism of the cement-sandstone interface and to the precise design of material properties,thereby ensuring the long-term integrity of oil and gas well applications subjected to similar axial loads.展开更多
Understanding the mechanical properties of coal-rock-bolt(CRB)combinations at high strain rates and the anchoring mechanism of bolts is crucial for ensuring the safety of coal mining operations.However,the dynamic beh...Understanding the mechanical properties of coal-rock-bolt(CRB)combinations at high strain rates and the anchoring mechanism of bolts is crucial for ensuring the safety of coal mining operations.However,the dynamic behaviors of these combinations,especially the mechanism of action of prestressed bolts,still need to be further investigated.This study carried out split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)tests on three sets of coal-rock(CR),CRB,and coal-rock-prestressed bolt(CRPB)combinations with different interface angles(β=15°,30°,45°,and 60°).The dynamic properties of the combinations were analyzed based on the stress-strain curve,energy dissipation,dynamic strength,fractal dimension of cracks,and failure mode of bolts.The test results show that a larger β will affect the stress transfer and anti-sliding ability of CR,resulting in a decrease in CR strength.The anchoring force of the bolt effectively suppresses the slip feature of CRB at the yield stage.As the strain rate increases,CRB shows a more pronounced'sudden increase'in strength,and the bolt significantly enhances its dynamic strength.The prestressed bolts enhance the dynamic strength of CRPB while weaken the effect of β.The fractal dimension of the macrocracks increases with strain rate,with smaller variations in CRB and CRPB,indicating that the bolt reduces the complexity degree of CRB and CRPB.The anchoring force of CRB depends on bolt strength,which reduces the slip along the interface.The anchoring force of CRPB balances the coal-rock slip and suppresses crack formation,resulting in a more cohesive response under dynamic load.展开更多
A critical scientific gap exists in quantifying the intrinsic mechanisms of shale mechanical property degradation induced by the combined effects of perforation(impact)and acidization—two core techniques for shale re...A critical scientific gap exists in quantifying the intrinsic mechanisms of shale mechanical property degradation induced by the combined effects of perforation(impact)and acidization—two core techniques for shale reservoir permeability enhancement.To address this gap,this study proposed an innovative coupled experimental framework integrating dynamic-static cyclic loading(to simulate perforation impact)and acid erosion.Static uniaxial compression tests were performed on treated damaged shale samples,with microstructural characterization via X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Key findings include:(1)The damage factor(characterized by longitudinal wave velocity)showed a significant positive correlation with acid concentration;(2)Combined damage(impact+acidization)caused far more severe mechanical deterioration than single damage modes—for instance,samples under combined damage with 20%hydrochloric acid exhibited a strength reduction to 158.97 MPa,with sharp decreases in peak strength and elastic modulus;(3)Damage reduced total energy and elastic strain energy of samples while increasing dissipated energy proportion,leading to more developed internal fractures and severe failure in combined damage samples;(4)Acidization promoted sample fragmentation into smaller debris,resulting in significantly higher fractal dimensions of acidized shale than other damage types under the same acid concentration;(5)XRD and SEM analyses confirmed that high-concentration acid erosion reduced shale carbonate content,and the synergy of mechanical pre-damage and chemical dissolution in combined damage accelerated acid-rock reactions,significantly increasing micro-interfacial pores and degrading shale structural integrity.This study’s innovation lies in establishing a coupled experimental framework that reproduces the actual“perforation-acidization”sequence,quantitatively revealing the synergistic degradation mechanism of shale mechanical properties under combined damage—providing a novel theoretical basis for optimizing shale reservoir stimulation parameters.展开更多
Background:Human skin is affected by ultraviolet rays on a daily basis,and excessive ultraviolet radiation(UVR)can lead to sunburn erythema,tanning,photoaging,and skin tumors.The combination of Astragali Radix(AR)and ...Background:Human skin is affected by ultraviolet rays on a daily basis,and excessive ultraviolet radiation(UVR)can lead to sunburn erythema,tanning,photoaging,and skin tumors.The combination of Astragali Radix(AR)and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma(AAR)is a common pairing in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).According to earlier studies,they possess properties capable of alleviating the adverse impacts of UVR on the skin.However,the specific actions and underlying mechanisms require further investigation.The study aims to analyze the efficacy of AR-AAR in preventing UVR-induced skin damage and to clarify the associated molecular mechanisms.Methods:Potential signaling pathways by which AR and AAR may protect against UVR-induced skin damage were identified with network pharmacology,molecular docking techniques and molecular dynamics(MD)simulation.Except the normal group,the back skin of SD rats was exposed to 1.1 mW/cm^(2) UVA combined with 0.1 mW/cm^(2) UVB daily,and the UVR skin damage model was established.Morphological features of skin tissues of different groups were discovered through Hematoxylin and Eosin(HE)staining,Masson staining,Weigert staining.ELISA was utilized to measure the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),Interleukin 6(IL-6),Interleukin 1β(IL-1β)and Tumor necrosis factos-α(TNF-α)in skin tissues.RT-PCR and Western blot were employed to quantify the mRNA and protein contents of PI3K,AKT,and MMP-9.Results:Network pharmacology analysis predicts that AR-AAR may improve skin damage induced by UVR through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Histological staining shows that AR-AAR can significantly reduce inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis in damaged skin.Treatment with AR-AAR(2:1)significantly reduced the expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αand ROS in UVR-damaged rat skin.After treatment with AR-AAR(2:1),not only did the relative mRNA expression levels of PI3K and AKT and the protein expression levels of PI3K,AKT,P-PI3K,and P-AKT increase,but the mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-9 decreased.Conclusion:The study indicate that the AR-AAR combination and its active components may mitigate UVR skin damage by modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.展开更多
Polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)have emerged as persistent environmental contaminants because of their chemical stability,degradation-resistance and bioaccumulation potential.However,current studies mainly focus on th...Polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)have emerged as persistent environmental contaminants because of their chemical stability,degradation-resistance and bioaccumulation potential.However,current studies mainly focus on the toxicity of single PFAS such as perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorobutanoic acid(PFBA),the knowledge of their combined effects is relatively limited.In this study,we explored the immune response of the gut in large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea)under the combined stress of PFOA and PFBA.Histologicalanalyses revealed that the combined effect induced intestinal vacuolization and decreased the length of intestinal villi.And it significantly activated pro-inflammatory pathways with marked upregulation of tnfα,il1β,il6 and myd88 expressions,particularly after 14 days of exposure.Gut microbiota analysis revealed substantial dysbiosis,including 1)reduced alpha diversity,2)increased abundance of potential pathogenic taxa(Proteobacteria and Spirochaetota),and 3)depletion of beneficial Firmicutes.PICRUSt-based functional prediction indicated temporal metabolic shifts,with upregulation of DNA repair pathways at day 3 and enhanced bacterial motility protein activity at days 7 and 14 of post-exposure.The Pearson correlation analysis further indicated that these immune genes had significant positive correlations with Vibrio and Brevinema,and negative correlations with Streptococcus.Our present study will provide novel insights into the microbiome-mediated immunomodulation in the larger yellow croaker exposed to combined PFAS,which will be helpful for healthy farming of economically important marine species.展开更多
Constructing nanofibers with specific therapeutic effects against cancer is a challenge.Here,we present the synthesis approach and application prospects of supramolecular nanofibers,which are based on cucurbit[8]uril(...Constructing nanofibers with specific therapeutic effects against cancer is a challenge.Here,we present the synthesis approach and application prospects of supramolecular nanofibers,which are based on cucurbit[8]uril(CB[8])as the host and terpyridine lanthanum ions metal complex as the vip,constructed by layer-by-layer self-assembly through supramolecular interaction.Moreover,nanofibers with lanthanide luminescence properties exhibit surprising pH-responsive deformation properties and antibacterial behavior.In the tumor micro-environment,the dramatic reduction in the size of the nanofibers enables specific and hierarchical release of anticancer drugs in tumor cells to exert an advanced therapeutic effect.In addition,the synergistic therapeutic efficacy was achieved by reducing the excess of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria surrounding tumor cells.The novel supramolecular nanofibers with sequential drug release and combined therapeutic mode provide new guidance for the synthesis of drug carrier materials and direction for the promotion of nanomaterial-mediated cancer therapy.展开更多
Background The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in poultry demands alternative control strategies beyond conventional antibiotics.In this study,we evaluated a combination of lytic Salmonella-infecting...Background The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in poultry demands alternative control strategies beyond conventional antibiotics.In this study,we evaluated a combination of lytic Salmonella-infecting bacteriophages(SLAM_phi ST45 and SLAM_phiST56)and a probiotic bacterium Limosilactobacillus reuteri(SLAM_LAR11)in a chick model challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection.Results Co-administration with two-phage cocktail and a probiotic showed markedly reduced Salmonella colonization in the gut and systemic organs of chicks,comparable to the effect of phage-only treatment.In contrast with phage-only treatment,the combined therapy significantly improved the rate of body-weight change from the day of infection to necropsy(P<0.0001)and alleviated infection-associated splenomegaly(P=0.028)and hepatomegaly(P=0.011).In the ileum,the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio(VH/CD)increased significantly(P=0.044).In the colon,expression of tight-junction genes OCLN(P=0.014),TJP1(P<0.0001),and MUC2(P=0.011)was elevated,whereas the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL6 was reduced(P=0.018).These improvements were accompanied,in the cecum,by trends toward decreases in Escherichia-Shigella(P=0.09)and Clostridium(P=0.16)and a trend toward an increase in Blautia(P=0.11);additionally,in the ileum,Lactobacillus(P=0.037)and Blautia(P=0.016)increased significantly,yielding a more balanced microbiota than with phage-only treatment.Consistently,levels of functional metabolites,including acetic acid(LDA=3.32)and lactic acid(LDA=5.29),were increased.Conclusion Taken together,these findings demonstrate that phage-probiotic co-administration not only enhances the clearance of multidrug-resistant Salmonella more effectively than phage treatment alone but also promotes intestinal health,highlighting its potential as an antibiotic-alternatives strategy to improve intestinal health and ensure food safety in poultry production systems.展开更多
We develop an ultrafast Yb-fiber laser system based on eight-channel coherent beam combining utilizing commercially available rod-type Yb-fibers.To ensure good combining efficiency and long-term operation of the syste...We develop an ultrafast Yb-fiber laser system based on eight-channel coherent beam combining utilizing commercially available rod-type Yb-fibers.To ensure good combining efficiency and long-term operation of the system at the attosecond laser facility under construction,we fully stabilize the phase,group-delay,and beam-pointing of the eight fiber channels.Especially,we propose a novel multi-step hill climbing method to control both group-delay and beam-pointing.At a repetition rate of 1 MHz,this laser system delivers 270-fs pulses with 1.18-k W average power(1.18-m J pulse energy).The average-power instability of the laser system running for 12 hours is 0.32%.展开更多
Mango is a plant with high economic value in the agricultural industry;thus,it is necessary to maximize the productivity performance of the mango plant,which can be done by implementing artificial intelligence.In this...Mango is a plant with high economic value in the agricultural industry;thus,it is necessary to maximize the productivity performance of the mango plant,which can be done by implementing artificial intelligence.In this study,a lightweight object detection model will be developed that can detect mango plant conditions based on disease potential,so that it becomes an early detection warning system that has an impact on increasing agricultural productivity.The proposed lightweight model integrates YOLOv7-Tiny and the proposed modules,namely the C2S module.The C2S module consists of three sub-modules such as the convolutional block attention module(CBAM),the coordinate attention(CA)module,and the squeeze-and-excitation(SE)module.The dataset is constructed by eight classes,including seven classes of disease conditions and one class of health conditions.The experimental result shows that the proposed lightweight model has the optimal results,which increase by 13.15% of mAP50 compared to the original model YOLOv7-Tiny.While the mAP50:95 also achieved the highest results compared to other models,including YOLOv3-Tiny,YOLOv4-Tiny,YOLOv5,and YOLOv7-Tiny.The advantage of the proposed lightweightmodel is the adaptability that supports it in constrained environments,such as edge computing systems.This proposedmodel can support a robust,precise,and convenient precision agriculture system for the user.展开更多
Glioblastoma(GBM),the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor in adults,continues to resist conventional therapeutic approaches,withmedian survival remaining dismally low.Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),whic...Glioblastoma(GBM),the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor in adults,continues to resist conventional therapeutic approaches,withmedian survival remaining dismally low.Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),which have revolutionized the treatment of several solid tumors,have shown limited efficacy inGBMowing to the highly immunosuppressive and heterogeneousmicroenvironment of the tumor.The unique immune landscape of the central nervous system(CNS),characterized by low immunogenicity,restricted T-cell infiltration,and an abundance of regulatory and myeloid-derived suppressor cells,poses considerable barriers to effective immune reactivation.This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the mechanistic barriers undermining ICI efficacy in GBM,including the blood-brain barrier,low tumor mutational burden,adaptive immune resistance,and iatrogenic immunosuppression.It also explores emerging predictive and prognostic biomarkers,such as programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)expression,immune gene signatures,tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte profiles,and circulating markers in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma,which hold promise for guiding patient selection and therapeutic monitoring.Importantly,recent breakthroughs in combinatorial immunotherapy strategies are highlighted,including the integration of ICIs with radiotherapy,anti-angiogenic agents,oncolytic viruses,personalized neoantigen vaccines,and tumor microenvironment reprogramming approaches.Innovative delivery platforms,such as nanoparticles,focused ultrasound,and convection-enhanced delivery,are also discussed for their potential to improve drug bioavailability and local immune activation in the CNS.This review hypothesizes that the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs in GBM can be considerably enhanced by disrupting immune exclusion and reversing immunosuppression through integrated,multimodal strategies guided by dynamic biomarker profiling and spatially resolved immunemapping.This hypothesisdriven approach aims to bridge translational gaps and inform next-generation clinical trial designs that may unlock the potential of immunotherapy for GBM.展开更多
The internal flow fields within a three-dimensional inward-tunning combined inlet are extremely complex,especially during the engine mode transition,where the tunnel changes may impact the flow fields significantly.To...The internal flow fields within a three-dimensional inward-tunning combined inlet are extremely complex,especially during the engine mode transition,where the tunnel changes may impact the flow fields significantly.To develop an efficient flow field reconstruction model for this,we present an Improved Conditional Denoising Diffusion Generative Adversarial Network(ICDDGAN),which integrates Conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models(CDDPMs)with Style GAN,and introduce a reconstruction discrimination mechanism and dynamic loss weight learning strategy.We establish the Mach number flow field dataset by numerical simulation at various backpressures for the mode transition process from turbine mode to ejector ramjet mode at Mach number 2.5.The proposed ICDDGAN model,given only sparse parameter information,can rapidly generate high-quality Mach number flow fields without a large number of samples for training.The results show that ICDDGAN is superior to CDDGAN in terms of training convergence and stability.Moreover,the interpolation and extrapolation test results during backpressure conditions show that ICDDGAN can accurately and quickly reconstruct Mach number fields at various tunnel slice shapes,with a Structural Similarity Index Measure(SSIM)of over 0.96 and a Mean-Square Error(MSE)of 0.035%to actual flow fields,reducing time costs by 7-8 orders of magnitude compared to Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)calculations.This can provide an efficient means for rapid computation of complex flow fields.展开更多
The existence of the"stomach-knee axis"and the potential independent association between"Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection and knee osteoarthritis(KOA)"have been substantiated through multiple lines...The existence of the"stomach-knee axis"and the potential independent association between"Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection and knee osteoarthritis(KOA)"have been substantiated through multiple lines of evidence,including epidemiological studies of the"stomach-knee axis",investigations into the pathological mechanisms linking"Hp infection and arthritis",as well as research on co-treatment drugs and the anti-inflammatory mechanisms relevant to"gastritis and arthritis".The investigation into"stomach and knee joint treatment"is grounded in the concept that the"stomach-knee axis"aligns with the"combined bi of body constituents and zang organs"theory.Clinical cases have demonstrated that therapeutic strategies of"stomach and knee joint treatment"can mitigate KOA damage by modulating the"stomach-knee axis"and eradicating Hp infection in the stomach.This study aims to contribute novel insights into the cross-system treatment of KOA.Further investigation into the"stomach-knee axis"may yield innovative strategies for the prevention and management of KOA,potentially through the eradication of Hp.展开更多
Objective To observe the influence of different acupoint combinations on immediate effect of surface electromyography of patients with cervical spondylosis, and to explore the interactions and laws among different acu...Objective To observe the influence of different acupoint combinations on immediate effect of surface electromyography of patients with cervical spondylosis, and to explore the interactions and laws among different acupoint combinations. Methods Acupuncture in three kinds of different acupoint combinations was conducted on 90 patients with cervical spondylosis（three groups）： group A [distal point selection group： Kūnlún（昆仑 BL 60） and Hòuxī（后溪 SI 3）]; group B [local point selection group： Fēngchí（风池 GB 20） and Tiānzhù（天柱 BL 10）]; group C（distal and local point selection group： BL 60, SI 3, GB 20 and BL 10）. Self control before and after treatment was adopted to observe the mean value of surface electromyography（SEMG） amplitude, to measure the mean values of integrated electromyography（IEMG） and electromyography root mean square（RMS）, and to calculate the variation rate of electromyography amplitude of trapezius on the affected side of patients before and after acupuncture. The differences of influences of different acupoint combinations on immediate effect of surface electromyography were compared intra-group, and the differences among the three groups after acupuncture were also compared. Results According to the intragroup comparison before and after acupuncture, the differences of mean value of electromyography amplitude, variation rate of electromyography amplitude, IEMG and RMS were both statistically significant（all P〈0.05）. According to the inter-group comparison after acupuncture, the mean value of electromyography amplitude, variation rate of electromyography amplitude, IEMG and RMS varied in different degrees, however, the differences were not significant（all P〉0.05）; there was no significant difference in the total effective rate among the three groups（P〉0.05）. Conclusion Acupuncture treatment in different acupoint combinations can increase IEMG and RMS and reduce mean value of electromyography amplitude and variation rate of electromyography amplitude, enhance cervical vertebral stability and active contractility of muscle fiber, and improve the fatigue resistance of neck flexion; while, the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on cervical spondylosis has nothing to do with the distance or the number of selected acupoint.展开更多
基金supported by Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.SJCX24_1332)Jiangsu Province Education Science Planning Project in 2024(Grant No.B-b/2024/01/122)High-Level Talent Scientific Research Foundation of Jinling Institute of Technology,China(Grant No.jit-b-201918).
文摘Digital watermarking technology plays an important role in detecting malicious tampering and protecting image copyright.However,in practical applications,this technology faces various problems such as severe image distortion,inaccurate localization of the tampered regions,and difficulty in recovering content.Given these shortcomings,a fragile image watermarking algorithm for tampering blind-detection and content self-recovery is proposed.The multi-feature watermarking authentication code(AC)is constructed using texture feature of local binary patterns(LBP),direct coefficient of discrete cosine transform(DCT)and contrast feature of gray level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM)for detecting the tampered region,and the recovery code(RC)is designed according to the average grayscale value of pixels in image blocks for recovering the tampered content.Optimal pixel adjustment process(OPAP)and least significant bit(LSB)algorithms are used to embed the recovery code and authentication code into the image in a staggered manner.When detecting the integrity of the image,the authentication code comparison method and threshold judgment method are used to perform two rounds of tampering detection on the image and blindly recover the tampered content.Experimental results show that this algorithm has good transparency,strong and blind detection,and self-recovery performance against four types of malicious attacks and some conventional signal processing operations.When resisting copy-paste,text addition,cropping and vector quantization under the tampering rate(TR)10%,the average tampering detection rate is up to 94.09%,and the peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)of the watermarked image and the recovered image are both greater than 41.47 and 40.31 dB,which demonstrates its excellent advantages compared with other related algorithms in recent years.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(32130068,32271634,and 32071597)CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KLFES-2025)。
文摘Urban forests are highly multifunctional and provide numerous ecological functions.Plant functional traits individually or jointly influence the ecological multifunctionality of tree species(TS-EMF)and can also modify TSEMF in response to environmental changes.However,there has been limited exploration of multitrait combinations for predicting TS-EMF across seasons and of trait thresholds that enhance TS-EMF.Here,for 10 dominant tree species in urban forests of Northeast China,14 traits were measured and four aboveground and three belowground ecological functions assessed in three seasons.Ecological functions and TS-EMF differed significantly throughout the seasons(P<0.05).Synergistic relationships were found between carbon sequestration and oxygen release,between cooling and humidification,and between organic carbon accumulation and nutrient cycling.Notably,aboveground multifunctionality played a leading role in TS-EMF.With seasonal changes,resource allocation shifted toward traits related to resource acquisition rather than conservation to maintain TS-EMF.The combination of traits that predicted TS-EMF varied by type,accounting for up to 66.45%of the variation.TS-EMF was primarily driven by leaf structure in spring and by nutrient accumulation in autumn.Leaf carbon content(LCC)consistently served as a stabilizing factor for predicting TS-EMF across seasons.At 36.5-36.8 mg g^(-1),LCC had its optimal effect on TS-EMF.Other traits in combination that positively influence total TS-EMF include leaf nitrogen content(3.43-3.45 mg g^(-1)),leaf phosphorus content(0.80-0.83 mg g^(-1)),and leaf area(65.86-68.43 cm^(2)).Within these specified trait thresholds,Morus alba and Quercus mongolica were identified as key species.These findings suggest that the trade-off between various ecological functions can be managed by altering plant traits across seasons.This approach could provide a theoretical foundation for enhancing the TS-EMF of urban forests through trait-based management,offering practical guidance for selecting tree species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12072027,62103052,61603346 and 62103379)the Henan Key Laboratory of General Aviation Technology,China(No.ZHKF-230201)+3 种基金the Funding for the Open Research Project of the Rotor Aerodynamics Key Laboratory,China(No.RAL20200101)the Key Research and Development Program of Henan Province,China(Nos.241111222000 and 241111222900)the Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province,China(No.232102220067)the Scholarship Funding from the China Scholarship Council(No.202206030079).
文摘In global navigation satellite system denial environment,cross-view geo-localization based on image retrieval presents an exceedingly critical visual localization solution for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)systems.The essence of cross-view geo-localization resides in matching images containing the same geographical targets from disparate platforms,such as UAV-view and satellite-view images.However,images of the same geographical targets may suffer from occlusions and geometric distortions due to variations in the capturing platform,view,and timing.The existing methods predominantly extract features by segmenting feature maps,which overlook the holistic semantic distribution and structural information of objects,resulting in loss of image information.To address these challenges,dilated neighborhood attention Transformer is employed as the feature extraction backbone,and Multi-feature representations based on Multi-scale Hierarchical Contextual Aggregation(MMHCA)is proposed.In the proposed MMHCA method,the multiscale hierarchical contextual aggregation method is utilized to extract contextual information from local to global across various granularity levels,establishing feature associations of contextual information with global and local information in the image.Subsequently,the multi-feature representations method is utilized to obtain rich discriminative feature information,bolstering the robustness of model in scenarios characterized by positional shifts,varying distances,and scale ambiguities.Comprehensive experiments conducted on the extensively utilized University-1652 and SUES-200 benchmarks indicate that the MMHCA method surpasses the existing techniques.showing outstanding results in UAV localization and navigation.
基金supported by grants from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24010101)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD04077)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1001200)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LD24C130001)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP)of CAAS。
文摘A later heading date generally leads to higher grain yield in favorable ecological regions;however,grain yield reaches a limit as the heading date exceeds a certain threshold.Ghd7 is the first cloned major gene that regulates heading date,plant height and grain number.Here,we investigated the relationship between Ghd7 and florigen genes Hd3a and RFT1,to determine their roles in regulating heading date and grain number under different photoperiods.Our results revealed that under long-day(LD)conditions,Hd3a acts prior to RFT1 to promote heading while negatively regulating plant height and grain number.In contrast,Ghd7 positively regulates heading date,plant height,and grain number by inhibiting both Hd3a and RFT1.Under short-day(SD)conditions,the functions of Hd3a and RFT1 remain consistent with those under LD conditions,but Ghd7 does not inhibit their expression,resulting in a weaker phenotypic effect compared to Hd3a.Additionally,under both LD and SD conditions,increased Ghd7 expression enhances its inhibitory effect on Hd3a and RFT1,leading to later heading and increased grain number;however,once the heading date exceeds 94 d,grain number no longer increases.Moreover,the gn1a allele increased grain number by 16.5%to 42.5%,while combinations of the elite alleles from Ghd7,Hd3a,RFT1,and Gn1a significantly increased grain number by up to 240.9%.Therefore,we propose a new breeding strategy to optimize the heading date and grain number using the Ghd7Hd3aRFT1gn1a combination of Ghd7,Hd3a,RFT1,and Gn1a under LD conditions,and the Ghd7hd3aRFT1gn1a combination under SD conditions.This strategy improved the yield of the high-quality Northeast variety Kongyu 131(KY131)by 69.1%in Beijing and 93.7%in Hainan.This strategy will greatly improve the efficiency of north-to-south adaptation in rice,providing theoretical guidance for expanding the geographical adaptability of rice varieties.
基金This work is supported by the Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science projects in China(No.20YJCZH124)Guangdong Province Education and Teaching Reform Project No.640:Research on the Teaching Practice and Application of Online Peer Assessment Methods in the Context of Artificial Intelligence.
文摘This study proposes a learner profile framework based on multi-feature fusion,aiming to enhance the precision of personalized learning recommendations by integrating learners’static attributes(e.g.,demographic data and historical academic performance)with dynamic behavioral patterns(e.g.,real-time interactions and evolving interests over time).The research employs Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency(TF-IDF)for semantic feature extraction,integrates the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)for feature weighting,and introduces a time decay function inspired by Newton’s law of cooling to dynamically model changes in learners’interests.Empirical results demonstrate that this framework effectively captures the dynamic evolution of learners’behaviors and provides context-aware learning resource recommendations.The study introduces a novel paradigm for learner modeling in educational technology,combining methodological innovation with a scalable technical architecture,thereby laying a foundation for the development of adaptive learning systems.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61761027)Gansu Young Doctor’s Fund for Higher Education Institutions(No.2021QB-053)。
文摘The traditional EnFCM(Enhanced fuzzy C-means)algorithm only considers the grey-scale features in image segmentation,resulting in less than satisfactory results when the algorithm is used for remote sensing woodland image segmentation and extraction.An EnFCM remote sensing forest land extraction method based on PCA multi-feature fusion was proposed.Firstly,histogram equalization was applied to improve the image contrast.Secondly,the texture and edge features of the image were extracted,and a multi-feature fused pixel image was generated using the PCA technique.Moreover,the fused feature was used as a feature constraint to measure the difference of pixels instead of a single grey-scale feature.Finally,an improved feature distance metric calculated the similarity between the pixel points and the cluster center to complete the cluster segmentation.The experimental results showed that the error was between 1.5%and 4.0%compared with the forested area counted by experts’hand-drawing,which could obtain a high accuracy segmentation and extraction result.
基金supported by National Science Foundations of China(Grant No.11771340,12171373).
文摘Recently,Choe-Koo-Wang(J Funct Anal,2020,278)demonstrated the rigid phenomenon:The compact linear combination of composition operators under the Coefficient Non-cancellation Condition(CNC),implies that each difference is compact on the weighted Bergman space in the unit disk.Motivated by the subtle connection of composition operator theory on the weighted Bergman spaces,Korenblum spaces and bounded holomorphic function spaces,we first explore the rigid phenomenon which also holds on the Korenblum space over the unit ball.Furthermore,we discuss which difference of composition operators is compact when the compact combination of composition operators does not satisfy the condition(CNC)on Korenblum spaces and bounded holomorphic function spaces over the unit ball setting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274026)the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2022YFC2806504)the CNOOC Research Project(No.KJGG-2022-17-04 and NO.KJGG-2022-17-05).
文摘Effective isolation between the cement sheath and the sandstone is crucial for the development and production of oil and gas wells in sandstone formations.In this study,a cement-sandstone composite(CSC)was prepared,and based onμ-CT three-dimensional reconstruction imaging and finite element analysis(FEA)techniques,the stress distribution and potential failure mechanism at the cement-sandstone bonding interface under axial loading were analyzed.The key findings are as follows:(1)stress concentrations are highly likely to form at the gap between the cement and sandstone interface and around interfacial voids,with Von Mises stress reaching critical levels of 18.0-20.0 MPa at these locations,significantly exceeding the stress magnitudes in well-bonded regions;(2)the phenomenon of local stress concentration driven by interfacial defects can be identified as the main basis for predicting damage location in interfacial debonding and continuous shear under axial load;(3)ensuring tight cementation at the cement-sandstone interface and minimizing interfacial voids are paramount for preventing stress-induced failure;(4)the critical Von Mises stress value of 20 MPa at the interface defect can be used as a benchmark for material selection and designed to ensure long-term integrity in oil and gas well applications subjected to similar axial loads.These findings contribute to a more accurate understanding of the failure mechanism of the cement-sandstone interface and to the precise design of material properties,thereby ensuring the long-term integrity of oil and gas well applications subjected to similar axial loads.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52374119)the Province Education Department of Liaoning(Grant No.LJ212410146068)the opening fund of State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring and Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure,East China Jiaotong University(Grant No.HJGZ2023103).
文摘Understanding the mechanical properties of coal-rock-bolt(CRB)combinations at high strain rates and the anchoring mechanism of bolts is crucial for ensuring the safety of coal mining operations.However,the dynamic behaviors of these combinations,especially the mechanism of action of prestressed bolts,still need to be further investigated.This study carried out split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)tests on three sets of coal-rock(CR),CRB,and coal-rock-prestressed bolt(CRPB)combinations with different interface angles(β=15°,30°,45°,and 60°).The dynamic properties of the combinations were analyzed based on the stress-strain curve,energy dissipation,dynamic strength,fractal dimension of cracks,and failure mode of bolts.The test results show that a larger β will affect the stress transfer and anti-sliding ability of CR,resulting in a decrease in CR strength.The anchoring force of the bolt effectively suppresses the slip feature of CRB at the yield stage.As the strain rate increases,CRB shows a more pronounced'sudden increase'in strength,and the bolt significantly enhances its dynamic strength.The prestressed bolts enhance the dynamic strength of CRPB while weaken the effect of β.The fractal dimension of the macrocracks increases with strain rate,with smaller variations in CRB and CRPB,indicating that the bolt reduces the complexity degree of CRB and CRPB.The anchoring force of CRB depends on bolt strength,which reduces the slip along the interface.The anchoring force of CRPB balances the coal-rock slip and suppresses crack formation,resulting in a more cohesive response under dynamic load.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52474120)the National Key Research and Development Program of China—2023 Key Special Project(No.2023YFC2907400)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2023CXQD045)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2023JJ10072).
文摘A critical scientific gap exists in quantifying the intrinsic mechanisms of shale mechanical property degradation induced by the combined effects of perforation(impact)and acidization—two core techniques for shale reservoir permeability enhancement.To address this gap,this study proposed an innovative coupled experimental framework integrating dynamic-static cyclic loading(to simulate perforation impact)and acid erosion.Static uniaxial compression tests were performed on treated damaged shale samples,with microstructural characterization via X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Key findings include:(1)The damage factor(characterized by longitudinal wave velocity)showed a significant positive correlation with acid concentration;(2)Combined damage(impact+acidization)caused far more severe mechanical deterioration than single damage modes—for instance,samples under combined damage with 20%hydrochloric acid exhibited a strength reduction to 158.97 MPa,with sharp decreases in peak strength and elastic modulus;(3)Damage reduced total energy and elastic strain energy of samples while increasing dissipated energy proportion,leading to more developed internal fractures and severe failure in combined damage samples;(4)Acidization promoted sample fragmentation into smaller debris,resulting in significantly higher fractal dimensions of acidized shale than other damage types under the same acid concentration;(5)XRD and SEM analyses confirmed that high-concentration acid erosion reduced shale carbonate content,and the synergy of mechanical pre-damage and chemical dissolution in combined damage accelerated acid-rock reactions,significantly increasing micro-interfacial pores and degrading shale structural integrity.This study’s innovation lies in establishing a coupled experimental framework that reproduces the actual“perforation-acidization”sequence,quantitatively revealing the synergistic degradation mechanism of shale mechanical properties under combined damage—providing a novel theoretical basis for optimizing shale reservoir stimulation parameters.
基金supported by the Shaanxi Qinchuang Yuan“scientist+engineer”team construction(No.2023KXJ-080)Shaanxi Chiral Drug Engineering Technology Research Center(Department of Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province.No.[2011]-251).
文摘Background:Human skin is affected by ultraviolet rays on a daily basis,and excessive ultraviolet radiation(UVR)can lead to sunburn erythema,tanning,photoaging,and skin tumors.The combination of Astragali Radix(AR)and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma(AAR)is a common pairing in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).According to earlier studies,they possess properties capable of alleviating the adverse impacts of UVR on the skin.However,the specific actions and underlying mechanisms require further investigation.The study aims to analyze the efficacy of AR-AAR in preventing UVR-induced skin damage and to clarify the associated molecular mechanisms.Methods:Potential signaling pathways by which AR and AAR may protect against UVR-induced skin damage were identified with network pharmacology,molecular docking techniques and molecular dynamics(MD)simulation.Except the normal group,the back skin of SD rats was exposed to 1.1 mW/cm^(2) UVA combined with 0.1 mW/cm^(2) UVB daily,and the UVR skin damage model was established.Morphological features of skin tissues of different groups were discovered through Hematoxylin and Eosin(HE)staining,Masson staining,Weigert staining.ELISA was utilized to measure the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),Interleukin 6(IL-6),Interleukin 1β(IL-1β)and Tumor necrosis factos-α(TNF-α)in skin tissues.RT-PCR and Western blot were employed to quantify the mRNA and protein contents of PI3K,AKT,and MMP-9.Results:Network pharmacology analysis predicts that AR-AAR may improve skin damage induced by UVR through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Histological staining shows that AR-AAR can significantly reduce inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis in damaged skin.Treatment with AR-AAR(2:1)significantly reduced the expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αand ROS in UVR-damaged rat skin.After treatment with AR-AAR(2:1),not only did the relative mRNA expression levels of PI3K and AKT and the protein expression levels of PI3K,AKT,P-PI3K,and P-AKT increase,but the mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-9 decreased.Conclusion:The study indicate that the AR-AAR combination and its active components may mitigate UVR skin damage by modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
基金supported by the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(Youth Foundation,No.2024J449)the Scientific Research Foundation for Introduced Talents of Ningbo University(Nos.ZX2022000602 and ZX2024000043)。
文摘Polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)have emerged as persistent environmental contaminants because of their chemical stability,degradation-resistance and bioaccumulation potential.However,current studies mainly focus on the toxicity of single PFAS such as perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorobutanoic acid(PFBA),the knowledge of their combined effects is relatively limited.In this study,we explored the immune response of the gut in large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea)under the combined stress of PFOA and PFBA.Histologicalanalyses revealed that the combined effect induced intestinal vacuolization and decreased the length of intestinal villi.And it significantly activated pro-inflammatory pathways with marked upregulation of tnfα,il1β,il6 and myd88 expressions,particularly after 14 days of exposure.Gut microbiota analysis revealed substantial dysbiosis,including 1)reduced alpha diversity,2)increased abundance of potential pathogenic taxa(Proteobacteria and Spirochaetota),and 3)depletion of beneficial Firmicutes.PICRUSt-based functional prediction indicated temporal metabolic shifts,with upregulation of DNA repair pathways at day 3 and enhanced bacterial motility protein activity at days 7 and 14 of post-exposure.The Pearson correlation analysis further indicated that these immune genes had significant positive correlations with Vibrio and Brevinema,and negative correlations with Streptococcus.Our present study will provide novel insights into the microbiome-mediated immunomodulation in the larger yellow croaker exposed to combined PFAS,which will be helpful for healthy farming of economically important marine species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82273919)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.LH2024H013)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022MD723781).
文摘Constructing nanofibers with specific therapeutic effects against cancer is a challenge.Here,we present the synthesis approach and application prospects of supramolecular nanofibers,which are based on cucurbit[8]uril(CB[8])as the host and terpyridine lanthanum ions metal complex as the vip,constructed by layer-by-layer self-assembly through supramolecular interaction.Moreover,nanofibers with lanthanide luminescence properties exhibit surprising pH-responsive deformation properties and antibacterial behavior.In the tumor micro-environment,the dramatic reduction in the size of the nanofibers enables specific and hierarchical release of anticancer drugs in tumor cells to exert an advanced therapeutic effect.In addition,the synergistic therapeutic efficacy was achieved by reducing the excess of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria surrounding tumor cells.The novel supramolecular nanofibers with sequential drug release and combined therapeutic mode provide new guidance for the synthesis of drug carrier materials and direction for the promotion of nanomaterial-mediated cancer therapy.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grantfunded by the Korean government(MEST)(NRF-2021R1A2C3011051)by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00218476)。
文摘Background The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in poultry demands alternative control strategies beyond conventional antibiotics.In this study,we evaluated a combination of lytic Salmonella-infecting bacteriophages(SLAM_phi ST45 and SLAM_phiST56)and a probiotic bacterium Limosilactobacillus reuteri(SLAM_LAR11)in a chick model challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection.Results Co-administration with two-phage cocktail and a probiotic showed markedly reduced Salmonella colonization in the gut and systemic organs of chicks,comparable to the effect of phage-only treatment.In contrast with phage-only treatment,the combined therapy significantly improved the rate of body-weight change from the day of infection to necropsy(P<0.0001)and alleviated infection-associated splenomegaly(P=0.028)and hepatomegaly(P=0.011).In the ileum,the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio(VH/CD)increased significantly(P=0.044).In the colon,expression of tight-junction genes OCLN(P=0.014),TJP1(P<0.0001),and MUC2(P=0.011)was elevated,whereas the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL6 was reduced(P=0.018).These improvements were accompanied,in the cecum,by trends toward decreases in Escherichia-Shigella(P=0.09)and Clostridium(P=0.16)and a trend toward an increase in Blautia(P=0.11);additionally,in the ileum,Lactobacillus(P=0.037)and Blautia(P=0.016)increased significantly,yielding a more balanced microbiota than with phage-only treatment.Consistently,levels of functional metabolites,including acetic acid(LDA=3.32)and lactic acid(LDA=5.29),were increased.Conclusion Taken together,these findings demonstrate that phage-probiotic co-administration not only enhances the clearance of multidrug-resistant Salmonella more effectively than phage treatment alone but also promotes intestinal health,highlighting its potential as an antibiotic-alternatives strategy to improve intestinal health and ensure food safety in poultry production systems.
基金Project supported by the Key Deployment Special Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.PTYQ2022YZ0001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62175255 and 62227822)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3602602)。
文摘We develop an ultrafast Yb-fiber laser system based on eight-channel coherent beam combining utilizing commercially available rod-type Yb-fibers.To ensure good combining efficiency and long-term operation of the system at the attosecond laser facility under construction,we fully stabilize the phase,group-delay,and beam-pointing of the eight fiber channels.Especially,we propose a novel multi-step hill climbing method to control both group-delay and beam-pointing.At a repetition rate of 1 MHz,this laser system delivers 270-fs pulses with 1.18-k W average power(1.18-m J pulse energy).The average-power instability of the laser system running for 12 hours is 0.32%.
基金supported by National Science and Technology Council(NSTC)Taiwan,Grant No.NSTC 113-2221-E-167-023.
文摘Mango is a plant with high economic value in the agricultural industry;thus,it is necessary to maximize the productivity performance of the mango plant,which can be done by implementing artificial intelligence.In this study,a lightweight object detection model will be developed that can detect mango plant conditions based on disease potential,so that it becomes an early detection warning system that has an impact on increasing agricultural productivity.The proposed lightweight model integrates YOLOv7-Tiny and the proposed modules,namely the C2S module.The C2S module consists of three sub-modules such as the convolutional block attention module(CBAM),the coordinate attention(CA)module,and the squeeze-and-excitation(SE)module.The dataset is constructed by eight classes,including seven classes of disease conditions and one class of health conditions.The experimental result shows that the proposed lightweight model has the optimal results,which increase by 13.15% of mAP50 compared to the original model YOLOv7-Tiny.While the mAP50:95 also achieved the highest results compared to other models,including YOLOv3-Tiny,YOLOv4-Tiny,YOLOv5,and YOLOv7-Tiny.The advantage of the proposed lightweightmodel is the adaptability that supports it in constrained environments,such as edge computing systems.This proposedmodel can support a robust,precise,and convenient precision agriculture system for the user.
文摘Glioblastoma(GBM),the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor in adults,continues to resist conventional therapeutic approaches,withmedian survival remaining dismally low.Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),which have revolutionized the treatment of several solid tumors,have shown limited efficacy inGBMowing to the highly immunosuppressive and heterogeneousmicroenvironment of the tumor.The unique immune landscape of the central nervous system(CNS),characterized by low immunogenicity,restricted T-cell infiltration,and an abundance of regulatory and myeloid-derived suppressor cells,poses considerable barriers to effective immune reactivation.This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the mechanistic barriers undermining ICI efficacy in GBM,including the blood-brain barrier,low tumor mutational burden,adaptive immune resistance,and iatrogenic immunosuppression.It also explores emerging predictive and prognostic biomarkers,such as programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)expression,immune gene signatures,tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte profiles,and circulating markers in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma,which hold promise for guiding patient selection and therapeutic monitoring.Importantly,recent breakthroughs in combinatorial immunotherapy strategies are highlighted,including the integration of ICIs with radiotherapy,anti-angiogenic agents,oncolytic viruses,personalized neoantigen vaccines,and tumor microenvironment reprogramming approaches.Innovative delivery platforms,such as nanoparticles,focused ultrasound,and convection-enhanced delivery,are also discussed for their potential to improve drug bioavailability and local immune activation in the CNS.This review hypothesizes that the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs in GBM can be considerably enhanced by disrupting immune exclusion and reversing immunosuppression through integrated,multimodal strategies guided by dynamic biomarker profiling and spatially resolved immunemapping.This hypothesisdriven approach aims to bridge translational gaps and inform next-generation clinical trial designs that may unlock the potential of immunotherapy for GBM.
文摘The internal flow fields within a three-dimensional inward-tunning combined inlet are extremely complex,especially during the engine mode transition,where the tunnel changes may impact the flow fields significantly.To develop an efficient flow field reconstruction model for this,we present an Improved Conditional Denoising Diffusion Generative Adversarial Network(ICDDGAN),which integrates Conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models(CDDPMs)with Style GAN,and introduce a reconstruction discrimination mechanism and dynamic loss weight learning strategy.We establish the Mach number flow field dataset by numerical simulation at various backpressures for the mode transition process from turbine mode to ejector ramjet mode at Mach number 2.5.The proposed ICDDGAN model,given only sparse parameter information,can rapidly generate high-quality Mach number flow fields without a large number of samples for training.The results show that ICDDGAN is superior to CDDGAN in terms of training convergence and stability.Moreover,the interpolation and extrapolation test results during backpressure conditions show that ICDDGAN can accurately and quickly reconstruct Mach number fields at various tunnel slice shapes,with a Structural Similarity Index Measure(SSIM)of over 0.96 and a Mean-Square Error(MSE)of 0.035%to actual flow fields,reducing time costs by 7-8 orders of magnitude compared to Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)calculations.This can provide an efficient means for rapid computation of complex flow fields.
基金Supported by Discipline Construction Project of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine—Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2025XK02).
文摘The existence of the"stomach-knee axis"and the potential independent association between"Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection and knee osteoarthritis(KOA)"have been substantiated through multiple lines of evidence,including epidemiological studies of the"stomach-knee axis",investigations into the pathological mechanisms linking"Hp infection and arthritis",as well as research on co-treatment drugs and the anti-inflammatory mechanisms relevant to"gastritis and arthritis".The investigation into"stomach and knee joint treatment"is grounded in the concept that the"stomach-knee axis"aligns with the"combined bi of body constituents and zang organs"theory.Clinical cases have demonstrated that therapeutic strategies of"stomach and knee joint treatment"can mitigate KOA damage by modulating the"stomach-knee axis"and eradicating Hp infection in the stomach.This study aims to contribute novel insights into the cross-system treatment of KOA.Further investigation into the"stomach-knee axis"may yield innovative strategies for the prevention and management of KOA,potentially through the eradication of Hp.
基金Supported by “The 12th five-year plan” programmed project of educational science in Hubei Province:2014B095
文摘Objective To observe the influence of different acupoint combinations on immediate effect of surface electromyography of patients with cervical spondylosis, and to explore the interactions and laws among different acupoint combinations. Methods Acupuncture in three kinds of different acupoint combinations was conducted on 90 patients with cervical spondylosis（three groups）： group A [distal point selection group： Kūnlún（昆仑 BL 60） and Hòuxī（后溪 SI 3）]; group B [local point selection group： Fēngchí（风池 GB 20） and Tiānzhù（天柱 BL 10）]; group C（distal and local point selection group： BL 60, SI 3, GB 20 and BL 10）. Self control before and after treatment was adopted to observe the mean value of surface electromyography（SEMG） amplitude, to measure the mean values of integrated electromyography（IEMG） and electromyography root mean square（RMS）, and to calculate the variation rate of electromyography amplitude of trapezius on the affected side of patients before and after acupuncture. The differences of influences of different acupoint combinations on immediate effect of surface electromyography were compared intra-group, and the differences among the three groups after acupuncture were also compared. Results According to the intragroup comparison before and after acupuncture, the differences of mean value of electromyography amplitude, variation rate of electromyography amplitude, IEMG and RMS were both statistically significant（all P〈0.05）. According to the inter-group comparison after acupuncture, the mean value of electromyography amplitude, variation rate of electromyography amplitude, IEMG and RMS varied in different degrees, however, the differences were not significant（all P〉0.05）; there was no significant difference in the total effective rate among the three groups（P〉0.05）. Conclusion Acupuncture treatment in different acupoint combinations can increase IEMG and RMS and reduce mean value of electromyography amplitude and variation rate of electromyography amplitude, enhance cervical vertebral stability and active contractility of muscle fiber, and improve the fatigue resistance of neck flexion; while, the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on cervical spondylosis has nothing to do with the distance or the number of selected acupoint.
