This paper investigates a large integrated poultry farm in terms of its operations, its labour, and multi-factor productivity based on the operations data received from two processing plants over a period of 15 months...This paper investigates a large integrated poultry farm in terms of its operations, its labour, and multi-factor productivity based on the operations data received from two processing plants over a period of 15 months. The purpose of this paper is to： （a） identify and classify various types of costs that impact the operational success of the farm; （b） collect data, compute labour productivity, multi-factor productivity, rejects, and losses for the two plants; （c） compare the two processing plants of the company from various perspectives, such as rejection in products, process losses, and different types of costs; and （d） recommend ways to improve the productivity and operations of the processing plants to produce good quality products and reduce wastes during the production.展开更多
Water scarcity severely constrains the genetic potential of wheat yield worldwide.Proline is among the most versatile stress-related metabolites in plants,and targeting genes involved in proline synthesis and degradat...Water scarcity severely constrains the genetic potential of wheat yield worldwide.Proline is among the most versatile stress-related metabolites in plants,and targeting genes involved in proline synthesis and degradation represents a promising strategy for developing drought-tolerant wheat genotypes.This study evaluates the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus in transgenic wheat line with RNAi-mediated suppression of proline dehydrogenase(ProDH)and in the original(wild-type)genotype,under both drought and recovery conditions.Drought was induced at the flowering stage by lowering soil moisture to 30%field capacity for 7 days,compared with 70%field capacity in control plants.Measurements were taken at the onset and end of drought period and 7 days after subsequent recovery.The results demonstrated that drought-treated transgenic plants exhibited improved responses to both the short-term and prolonged effects of stress.Relative water content and chlorophyll levels in the leaves of the transgenic plants changed to a significantly lesser extent.The CO2 assimilation rate in the leaves of transgenic plants was significantly higher than in the wild type under both drought stress and recovery.The transgenic plants also showed superior water-use efficiency during photosynthesis under both conditions.While superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activities in leaf chloroplasts increased similarly in both genotypes under drought,they returned to control levels more rapidly in the transgenic plants during recovery.Drought-induced productivity reduction was also significantly lower in the transgenic plants.These findings suggest that RNAi-mediated suppression of ProDH improved photosynthetic performance and grain yield in wheat under drought conditions.展开更多
Ecosystems along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(EQTP)are highly fragile and extremely sensitive to climate change and human disturbances.To quantitatively assess climate-induced ecosystem responses,th...Ecosystems along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(EQTP)are highly fragile and extremely sensitive to climate change and human disturbances.To quantitatively assess climate-induced ecosystem responses,this study proposes a Climate-Induced Productivity Index(CIPI)based on the Super Slack-Based Measure(Super-SBM)model using remote sensing data from 2001 to 2020.The results reveal persistently low CIPI values(0.47-0.53)across major ecosystem types,indicating widespread vulnerability to climatic variability.Among these ecosystems,forests exhibit the highest CIPI(0.55),followed by shrublands(0.54),croplands(0.53),grasslands(0.51),and barelands(0.43).The Theil index analysis further demonstrates significant intra-group disparities,suggesting that extreme climatic events amplify CIPI heterogeneity.Moreover,the dominant environmental drivers differ among ecosystem types:the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI)primarily constrains grassland productivity,solar radiation(SRAD)strongly influences shrub and cropland systems,whereas subsurface factors exert greater control in forested regions.This study provides a quantitative framework for evaluating climate-ecosystem interactions and offers a scientific basis for long-term ecological monitoring and security planning across the EQTP.展开更多
Vegetation in terrestrial ecosystems as a carbon sink is a crucial factor in mitigating global warming and reaching carbon neutrality targets,although the drivers of net ecosystem productivity(NEP)under combined human...Vegetation in terrestrial ecosystems as a carbon sink is a crucial factor in mitigating global warming and reaching carbon neutrality targets,although the drivers of net ecosystem productivity(NEP)under combined human and environmental pressures remain poorly understood.In this study,we analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of NEP in the Horqin Sandy Land,China from 2000 to 2020,and observed the variation in NEP across different land use types.We further identified and quantified the effects of human activities,topographical features,climatic conditions,and soil properties on NEP through the application of structural equation modeling(SEM)and boosted regression trees(BRT).The results showed that the multi-year average NEP ranged from–137.79 to 461.96 g C/m^(2) in the Horqin Sandy Land,with 88.21%of the area showing a significant increasing trend.Among different land use types,forestland exhibited the highest NEP values,followed by cropland,grassland,impervious land,and unused land.The NEP in carbon sink areas was primarily regulated by potential evapotranspiration(negatively correlated)and precipitation(positively correlated).Slope was identified as the most significant positive determinant in carbon source areas.Forestland exhibited climate–topography interactions driving NEP,whereas cropland and grassland relied on temperature;unused land and impervious land were susceptible to land use/cover change and human footprint.This study has significant implications for maintaining the carbon sink function and promoting ecological engineering programs that aim to enhance the capacity of terrestrial carbon sinks in the semi-arid agro-pastoral ecotone.展开更多
This paper examines the impact of digital intelligence transformation on new quality productivity in enterprises in Fujian Province.It highlights the challenges these enterprises face,such as limited talent and infras...This paper examines the impact of digital intelligence transformation on new quality productivity in enterprises in Fujian Province.It highlights the challenges these enterprises face,such as limited talent and infrastructure,in adopting technologies like cloud computing,big data,and artificial intelligence.The research finds that digital intelligence can enhance innovation,efficiency,and market adaptability,driving significant improvements in productivity.The study emphasizes the need for organizational changes and government support to overcome barriers and accelerate transformation,offering valuable insights for both academia and industry.展开更多
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)has three main grassland types:alpine meadow,alpine steppe,and alpine desert steppe.In this study,we asked how plant productivity and species diversity vary with altitude,longitude and la...The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)has three main grassland types:alpine meadow,alpine steppe,and alpine desert steppe.In this study,we asked how plant productivity and species diversity vary with altitude,longitude and latitude in alpine grasslands of the QTP.We then identified the environmental factors that drive these observed patterns of plant productivity and species diversity.We found that although plant productivity and species diversity varied greatly across large-scale longitudinal and latitudinal gradients,these changes were strongest across the longitudinal gradient.This finding indicates that moisture rather than temperature has the greatest impact on plant productivity and species diversity of the alpine grasslands in the QTP.We also found that besides soil and climate factors,partial pressure of carbon dioxide(pCO_(2))also has significant effects on plant productivity,and barometric pressure and partial pressure of oxygen(pO_(2))also have significant effects on species diversity.Furthermore,the relationship between the biomass of grassland-dominant species and species diversity was affected by the spatial scale at which these factors were studied.Our study provides new insights into the interconnections between plant productivity and species diversity and the major factors that influence alpine grasslands.It also provides a scientific basis for the maintenance of plant diversity and ecosystem functions in hypoxic(low-oxygen)regions.展开更多
Ports are crucial to the economy of many nations;thus, numerous studies have been conducted on port efficiency and productivity. This study analyses the efficiency and productivity of some major global ports namely, P...Ports are crucial to the economy of many nations;thus, numerous studies have been conducted on port efficiency and productivity. This study analyses the efficiency and productivity of some major global ports namely, Port of Singapore, Rotterdam, Antwerp and Durban. The main objectives of this study are to determine the level of operational efficiency of the mentioned ports, measure and evaluate the ports’ productivity changes and lastly to investigate the factors influencing the productivity changes of the ports studied. To achieve these objectives, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA-BCC) model was used to determine the technical and operational efficiencies of the ports and Malmquist productivity index was employed to calculate the various productivity levels. The results of the study can guide stakeholders to formulate their operational strategies for port efficiency and productivity. The study also has policy suggestions that are uniquely targeted to Africa’s issues and potential.展开更多
Burundi faces major agricultural constraints, including land fragmentation, soil erosion, limited access to inputs, inadequate infrastructure and demographic pressures that exacerbate food insecurity. In order to addr...Burundi faces major agricultural constraints, including land fragmentation, soil erosion, limited access to inputs, inadequate infrastructure and demographic pressures that exacerbate food insecurity. In order to address the multiple challenges faced by farmers in rural areas, a study on improving agricultural productivity and food security in Burundi through optimized land use and diversified farming practices in agroforestry systems has been carried out. The study area is the communes of Giheta and Rutegama, all located in Burundi’s humid plateau livelihood zone, and involved 164 households grouped in coffee growing cooperatives supervised by the cooperative consortium COCOCA. The study uses a mathematical programming model to determine optimal crop selection based on factors such as production costs, yields and market demand. The findings of the study revealed significant insights into the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the sampled population. Notably, 98.8% of respondents were engaged in agriculture, confirming the predominantly agricultural nature of Burundi. The results indicated that maize is the most important crop, occupying 33.9% of the average total cultivated area, followed by cassava at 26.5% and bananas at 19.4%. Together, these three crops accounted for a substantial portion of the total cultivated area, highlighting their significance in local agriculture. Beans and potatoes also play a role, occupying 14.4% and smaller areas, respectively. In terms of profitability, the study provides a detailed analysis of profit margins by crop. Bananas emerges as the most profitable crop, with a profit margin of 97.3%, followed closely by cassava at 96.1% and rice at 90.5%. These crops not only offered substantial yields relative to their production costs but also benefited from strong market demand. Other crops, such as beans (71.3%), coffee (70.3%), and vegetables (54.5%), also demonstrated considerable profitability, although they occupied smaller cultivated areas. Conversely, crops like pigeon peas (4.1%), potatoes (7.6%), and sweet potatoes (7.6%) exhibited the lowest profit margins, which may discourage farmers from investing in them unless other incentives, such as ecological benefits or local consumption needs, are present. Regarding the results, we therefore recommend to promote policies supporting agroforestry, improve market access and develop infrastructure to exploit these benefits.展开更多
Bangladesh’s principal grain,rice,is essential to the nation’s agricultural economy and food security.In light of the obstacles and possibilities for increasing domestic output,this study looks at Bangladesh’s food...Bangladesh’s principal grain,rice,is essential to the nation’s agricultural economy and food security.In light of the obstacles and possibilities for increasing domestic output,this study looks at Bangladesh’s food productivity and degree of self-sufficiency in rice production.Even though the nation has made significant progress in rice production,problems including population growth,land degradation,climate change,and poor infrastructure still have an impact on total productivity.To examine the trajectory of Bangladesh’s agricultural sector from 1973 to 2023 through the following economic lenses:agricultural input use,GDP contribution,employment rate,trade trends,critical development indicators,and domestic rice demand and production.The data were chosen based on their accessibility,geographical context,relevance to the study’s aims,and time constraints.According to this study,rice production increased from 9.9 million tons in 1973 to 39.1 million tons in 2023,demonstrating the nation’s continuous efforts to increase agricultural output to satisfy rising market demand.展开更多
Agriculture has become the backbone of most developing countries in the world, especially Tubah Sub-Division North West region, Cameroon. Following the COVID-19 pandemic and socio-political crisis that hit Cameroon’s...Agriculture has become the backbone of most developing countries in the world, especially Tubah Sub-Division North West region, Cameroon. Following the COVID-19 pandemic and socio-political crisis that hit Cameroon’s economy, there has been a steady increase in food insecurity, which has paved the way for farmers to adopt some sustainable strategies to boost agricultural productivity. Therefore, in trying to find models for survival and the pursuit of growth, farmers adopted some traditional farming methods and the use of local input as a means of sustainability. This study specifically seeks to analyze the effect of sustainability strategies on agricultural productivity in Tubah sub-division North West Region, Cameroon. The data was elicited via a survey questionnaire administered to 202 participating farmers selected from the different farmer organizations in the Tubah sub-division. Using cluster-sampling approach, proximity villages were grouped into four clusters of villages, and stratified sampling was used to select farmers to participate in the study. The objective of the study was achieved using OLS and quantile regression estimation techniques. The result showed evidence that the sustainability strategies implemented by the farmers decreased agricultural productivity in the 25th quantile, and at the 50th and 75th quantile, agricultural productivity still declined. This decline is because of unsustainable agricultural strategies like the use of slash and burn, the use of chemical fertilizers, inadequate capital, low level of education, inadequate farming experience, inadequate income, inadequate farm size, and the type of technology used for farming. Based on the findings, this study recommends that the government should organize training programs and seminars, subsidize farm inputs, grant agricultural loans to farmers, and initiate and support mechanized agriculture to boost agricultural productivity.展开更多
Pressure control in deep shale gas horizontal wells can reduce the stress sensitivity of hydraulic fractures and improve the estimated ultimate recovery(EUR).In this study,a hydraulic fracture stress sensitivity model...Pressure control in deep shale gas horizontal wells can reduce the stress sensitivity of hydraulic fractures and improve the estimated ultimate recovery(EUR).In this study,a hydraulic fracture stress sensitivity model is proposed to characterize the effect of pressure drop rate on fracture permeability.Furthermore,a production prediction model is introduced accounting for a non-uniform hydraulic fracture conductivity distribution.The results reveal that increasing the fracture conductivity leads to a rapid daily production increase in the early stages.However,above 0.50 D·cm,a further increase in the fracture conductivity has a limited effect on shale gas production growth.The initial production is lower under pressure-controlled conditions than that under pressure-release.For extended pressure control durations,the cumulative production initially increases and then decreases.For a fracture conductivity of 0.10 D·cm,the increase in production output under controlled-pressure conditions is~35%.For representative deep shale gas wells(Southern Sichuan,China),if the pressure drop rate under controlled-pressure conditions is reduced from 0.19 to 0.04 MPa/d,the EUR increase for 5 years of pressure-controlled production is 41.0 million,with an increase percentage of~29%.展开更多
Firm-level productivity analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding the micro-foundations of economic growth,industrial competitiveness,and efficient resource allocation.This comprehensive review synthesizes an...Firm-level productivity analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding the micro-foundations of economic growth,industrial competitiveness,and efficient resource allocation.This comprehensive review synthesizes and critically evaluates the primary statistical and econometric methodologies employed in the measurement and analysis of productivity at the firm level.We systematically delineate the evolution from traditional parametric techniques,such as production function estimation and Stochastic Frontier Analysis(SFA),to non-parametric approaches,including Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)and the Malmquist Productivity Index.A significant focus is placed on addressing pervasive micro-level challenges,notably firm heterogeneity,measurement error,and endogeneity biases,which are endemic to firm-level data.The paper further explores recent methodological innovations,highlighting the integration of machine learning,quantile regression,and network analysis into the productivity research arsenal.By providing a structured guide for selecting and applying appropriate statistical tools,this review aims to equip researchers with the knowledge to conduct robust micro-level productivity analyses.Finally,we outline promising future research trajectories,emphasizing the potential of novel data sources and computational methods to deepen our understanding of productivity determinants.展开更多
The restoration of severely fragmented forests requires urgent guidance from succession theory.New theories and methods in plant functional ecology offer novel perspectives on the mechanisms that drive forest successi...The restoration of severely fragmented forests requires urgent guidance from succession theory.New theories and methods in plant functional ecology offer novel perspectives on the mechanisms that drive forest succession and productivity.Here,we established a restoration gradient of seven forest logging periods in temperate forests in China,and conducted systematic surveys on the leaf functional traits of all observed plant species,plant community structure,and soil properties.Inspired by the new concept of two-dimensional plant community traits(i.e.,efficiency and quantity traits)and plant trait networks(PTNs),we explored the adaptation mechanisms of forest communities along a restoration succession and their relationship to productivity.Efficiency and quantity traits initially increased and then stabilized,whereas multi-trait relationships(MR)exhibited fluctuations,with community resource utilization efficiency increasing initially before stabilization.As expected,productivity is poorly explained by either efficiency or quantity traits alone but is substantially better explained by their joint consideration as two-dimensional community traits.Among these,the efficiency and quantity traits of leaf area and leaf dry weight can explain up to 43%of productivity.Furthermore,MR exhibit a time-lag effect on productivity.A structural equation model(SEM)with time-lag analysis showed that efficiency traits,quantity traits,MR,and soil properties explained 64%of the spatial variation in productivity during forest succession.Efficiency and quantity traits directly regulated productivity,whereas soil properties and MR indirectly regulated productivity.Our findings are the first to demonstrate the regulation mechanisms between forest succession and productivity from the framework of efficiency traits-quantity traits-MR,providing theoretical guidance and a reference for ecological restoration,and predicting the spatial variation of forest productivity,especially at small scale.展开更多
Agricultural Products Processing and Storage(ISSN 3059-4510,Owner:Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.Production and hosting:Springer Nature)is an international,peer-reviewed open access journal with the aim ...Agricultural Products Processing and Storage(ISSN 3059-4510,Owner:Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.Production and hosting:Springer Nature)is an international,peer-reviewed open access journal with the aim to offer a platform for the rapid dissemination of signifi cant,novel,and high-impact research in the fi elds of agricultural product processing science,technology,engineering,and nutrition.Additionally,supplemental issues are curated and published to facilitate in-depth discussions on special topics.展开更多
The physico-chemical analysis of agricultural soil revealed a textured sandy loam at the surface(0–15 cm),with low organic carbon content(0.42%)and moderate levels of nitrogen(157 kg/ha),phosphorus(15.5 kg/ha),and po...The physico-chemical analysis of agricultural soil revealed a textured sandy loam at the surface(0–15 cm),with low organic carbon content(0.42%)and moderate levels of nitrogen(157 kg/ha),phosphorus(15.5 kg/ha),and potassium(112.6 kg/ha),under neutral pH conditions(pH 7.4).The chickpea variety PG-186 was used to evaluate the impact of nutrient treatments on plant performance and agroecological outcomes.Experimental findings demonstrated a significant influence of various treatments on the growth,yield,and economic returns of chickpea cultivation.The treatment comprising 100%Recommended Dose of Fertilizers(RDF)along with foliar application of 0.6%ZnSO_(4) and 0.9%FeSO_(4) at pre-flowering and pod development stages(T8)resulted in the maximum plant height(15.5 cm,33.7 cm,45.0 cm),dry matter accumulation(27.5 g,245.2 g,1006.7 g/m^(2)),and number of branches per plant(3.47,5.00,and 8.63)at 45,75,and 105 Days After Sowing(DAS),respectively.This treatment also resulted in the highest grain yield(21.00 q/ha)and stover yield(38.67 q/ha),along with a maximum net return of₹95,392/ha and a benefit-to-cost ratio of 2.32.From an ecological standpoint,this study highlights the vital role of balanced and targeted nutrient management in enhancing agroecosystem productivity while maintaining ecological balance.The integration of micronutrient foliar sprays not only boosts nutrient uptake efficiency and plant health but also reduces dependency on excessive chemical fertilizers,thereby mitigating potential negative impacts on soil ecology.Overall,the findings underscore the ecological importance of optimizing nutrient inputs in legume-based cropping systems to foster sustainable agricultural practices that align with ecological resilience,soil health preservation,and environmental stewardship.展开更多
Digital transformation provides enterprises with new development momenta.Understanding the relationship between digital transformation and total factor productivity(TFP)is essential.This study employs a fixedeffect mo...Digital transformation provides enterprises with new development momenta.Understanding the relationship between digital transformation and total factor productivity(TFP)is essential.This study employs a fixedeffect model and selects all Chinese A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2022 as the research sample.Internal control(IC)is introduced as a mechanistic variable.The results indicate that digital transformation significantly promotes both TFP and the effectiveness of IC.Moreover,effective IC plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between digital transformation and TFP.A heterogeneity analysis reveals that,compared to non-state-owned enterprises,state-owned enterprises can improve TFP more rapidly through digital transformation due to their resource advantages and policy support.On the one hand,these findings help enterprises better align their transformation strategies to maximize the benefits of digital transformation.On the other hand,they provide investors with insights into the transformation potential and future growth prospects of these enterprises.展开更多
The symbiotic relationships between trees and different mycorrhizal fungi affect the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships within forest communities,particularly across different strata from the understorey...The symbiotic relationships between trees and different mycorrhizal fungi affect the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships within forest communities,particularly across different strata from the understorey to the overstorey.However,current research on this relationship has not yet reached a definitive conclusion.In this study,we used regression analyses and structural equation modelling based on a 9-ha mixed broadleaved-Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis)forest plot to explore the effects of different types of mycorrhizal fungi(arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)and ectomycorrhizal(EM)fungi)on the relationship between tree species diversity and productivity.The study found that the dominance and productivity of AM species increased in the understorey with increasing soil nutrients,whereas the productivity of EM species declined despite increasing diversity.In the overstorey,the productivity of AM species continued to increase with increasing soil nutrients,while that of EM species decreased due to increased competition.As for diversity-productivity relationships(DPRs),in the understorey,both AM and EM tree species demonstrated a positive DPR,suggesting the presence of the niche complementarity effect.In the overstorey,AM species continue to exhibit positive DPR due to their competitive advantage in nutrient-rich environments.In contrast,EM species exhibit negative DPR due to increased competition or less efficient resource use.Additionally,slope influenced forest productivity indirectly by altering the accumulation and distribution of soil nutrients,thereby affecting species distribution and growth conditions.This indirect effect highlights the potential negative impact of slope on soil nutrients within forest ecosystems,as well as its influence on the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functions.The study reveals how AM and EM trees influence forest productivity through distinct adaptability and competitive strategies across different forest strata,with a particular emphasis on the strata-dependent effects of mycorrhizal association on DPRs.This finding offers a new perspective on how mycorrhizal types modulate the complex relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functions across various strata in temperate forests.展开更多
Selecting an appropriate planting density is an effective way to improve crop water productivity(WPC).However, there is a lack of research on the balance between evapotranspiration(ET) partitioning, water consumption,...Selecting an appropriate planting density is an effective way to improve crop water productivity(WPC).However, there is a lack of research on the balance between evapotranspiration(ET) partitioning, water consumption, and grain production under different summer maize planting densities. To close this knowledge gap, a two-year field experiment was conducted in the North China Plain(NCP) to reveal the effects of different planting densities(HD: 100,000 plants ha^(-1);MD: 78,000 plants ha^(-1);LD:56,000 plants ha^(-1)) on ET partitioning, grain yield, and water productivity of summer maize. The water-heat-carbon-nitrogen simulator(WHCNS) model was employed to calculate ET partitioning and perform scenario simulation after calibration and validation. The results showed that compared to the LD treatment, ET of the summer maize and grain yield in the MD and HD treatments significantly increased. Model simulations showed that the ratio of evaporation to ET ranged from 25.6% to 30.7%and reduced as increasing planting densities. Increasing planting density enhanced total transpiration of summer maize more than 20 mm, comparing to LD treatment, and the most significant differences between various planting densities appeared at the mid-growth stage(August 1 to 31). Scenario simulations indicated that grain yield and WPCof summer maize were consistently higher in wet and normal years compared to drought years, exhibiting a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing with increasing planting density. The highest grain yield and WPCof summer maize were observed at a planting density of approximately 80,000 plants ha^(-1). The results provide theoretical support for selecting a summer maize planting density and effectively utilizing agricultural water in the NCP.展开更多
Enhancing the carbon sink of terrestrial ecosystems is an essential nature-based solution to mitigate global warming and achieve the target of carbon neutrality.Over recent decades,China has launched a series of long-...Enhancing the carbon sink of terrestrial ecosystems is an essential nature-based solution to mitigate global warming and achieve the target of carbon neutrality.Over recent decades,China has launched a series of long-running and large-scale ambitious forestation projects.However,there is still a lack of year-to-year evaluation on the effects of afforestation on carbon sequestration.Satellite remote sensing provides continuous observations of vegetation dynamics and land use and land cover change,is becoming a practical tool to evaluate the changes of vegetation productivity driven by afforestation.Here,a spatially-explicit analysis was conducted by combining Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)land cover and three up-to-date remote sensing gross primary productivity(GPP)datasets of China.The results showed that the generated afforestation maps have similar spatial distribution with the national forest inventory data at the provincial level.The accumulative areas of afforestation were 3.02×10^(5)km^(2)in China from 2002 to 2018,it was mainly distributed in Southwest(SW),South(Sou),Southeast(SE)and Northeast(NE)of China.Among them,SW possesses the largest afforestation sub-region,with an area of 9.38×10^(4)km^(2),accounting for 31.06%of the total.There were divergent trends of affores-tation area among different sub-regions.The southern sub-regions showed increasing trends,while the northern sub-regions showed decreasing trends.In keeping with these,the center of annual afforestation moved to the south after 2009.The southern sub-regions were the majority of the cumula-tive GPP,accounting for nearly 70%of the total.The GPP of new afforestation showed an increasing trend from 2002 to 2018,and the increasing rate was higher than existing forests.After afforestation,the GPP change of afforestation was higher than adjacent non-forest over the same period.Our work provides new evidence that afforestation of China has enhanced the carbon assimilation and will deepen our understanding of dynamics of carbon sequestration driven by afforestation.展开更多
Grassland is a key component of the ecosystem in the Qinghai Lake Basin,China.Understanding the effects of climate change and human activities on grassland productivity significantly improves ecological conservation a...Grassland is a key component of the ecosystem in the Qinghai Lake Basin,China.Understanding the effects of climate change and human activities on grassland productivity significantly improves ecological conservation and promotes sustainable vegetation growth in this area.Based on the net primary productivity(NPP)products of MOD17A3HGF(a moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)product that provides annual NPP at 500 m resolution)and meteorological data,we analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution of grassland NPP and its interaction with climate factors in the Qinghai Lake Basin from 2001 to 2022 via partial correlation and trend analysis methods.We also used the deflecting trend residual method and scenario analysis method to quantitatively assess the relative contributions of climatic factors and human activities to grassland NPP.The results revealed that:(1)during the past 22 a,grassland NPP increased considerably,with a gradient change from the northwest to the southeast of the study area;(2)sunshine duration,precipitation,and temperature positively influenced grassland NPP,with sunshine duration exerting a stronger effect on grassland NPP than precipitation and temperature;and(3)98.47%of the grassland in the study area was restored,with an average contribution of 65.00%from human activities and 35.00%from climatic alterations.Compared with climate change,human-induced factors had a greater effect on grassland NPP in this area.The results of the study not only provide important scientific support for ecological restoration and sustainable development of the basin but also offer new ideas for research on similar ecologically fragile areas.展开更多
文摘This paper investigates a large integrated poultry farm in terms of its operations, its labour, and multi-factor productivity based on the operations data received from two processing plants over a period of 15 months. The purpose of this paper is to： （a） identify and classify various types of costs that impact the operational success of the farm; （b） collect data, compute labour productivity, multi-factor productivity, rejects, and losses for the two plants; （c） compare the two processing plants of the company from various perspectives, such as rejection in products, process losses, and different types of costs; and （d） recommend ways to improve the productivity and operations of the processing plants to produce good quality products and reduce wastes during the production.
基金The present study was conducted within the framework of the state budget research topic“Development of the scientific principles of creating high-productive varieties of cultivated plants with increased adaptive potential to adverse environmental conditions”No.6541030 funded by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
文摘Water scarcity severely constrains the genetic potential of wheat yield worldwide.Proline is among the most versatile stress-related metabolites in plants,and targeting genes involved in proline synthesis and degradation represents a promising strategy for developing drought-tolerant wheat genotypes.This study evaluates the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus in transgenic wheat line with RNAi-mediated suppression of proline dehydrogenase(ProDH)and in the original(wild-type)genotype,under both drought and recovery conditions.Drought was induced at the flowering stage by lowering soil moisture to 30%field capacity for 7 days,compared with 70%field capacity in control plants.Measurements were taken at the onset and end of drought period and 7 days after subsequent recovery.The results demonstrated that drought-treated transgenic plants exhibited improved responses to both the short-term and prolonged effects of stress.Relative water content and chlorophyll levels in the leaves of the transgenic plants changed to a significantly lesser extent.The CO2 assimilation rate in the leaves of transgenic plants was significantly higher than in the wild type under both drought stress and recovery.The transgenic plants also showed superior water-use efficiency during photosynthesis under both conditions.While superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activities in leaf chloroplasts increased similarly in both genotypes under drought,they returned to control levels more rapidly in the transgenic plants during recovery.Drought-induced productivity reduction was also significantly lower in the transgenic plants.These findings suggest that RNAi-mediated suppression of ProDH improved photosynthetic performance and grain yield in wheat under drought conditions.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,No.2022YFF1302401National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42271007。
文摘Ecosystems along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(EQTP)are highly fragile and extremely sensitive to climate change and human disturbances.To quantitatively assess climate-induced ecosystem responses,this study proposes a Climate-Induced Productivity Index(CIPI)based on the Super Slack-Based Measure(Super-SBM)model using remote sensing data from 2001 to 2020.The results reveal persistently low CIPI values(0.47-0.53)across major ecosystem types,indicating widespread vulnerability to climatic variability.Among these ecosystems,forests exhibit the highest CIPI(0.55),followed by shrublands(0.54),croplands(0.53),grasslands(0.51),and barelands(0.43).The Theil index analysis further demonstrates significant intra-group disparities,suggesting that extreme climatic events amplify CIPI heterogeneity.Moreover,the dominant environmental drivers differ among ecosystem types:the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI)primarily constrains grassland productivity,solar radiation(SRAD)strongly influences shrub and cropland systems,whereas subsurface factors exert greater control in forested regions.This study provides a quantitative framework for evaluating climate-ecosystem interactions and offers a scientific basis for long-term ecological monitoring and security planning across the EQTP.
基金funded by the National Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(2017ZX07101-002)the Discipline Construction Program of ZHANG Huayong,Distinguished Professor of School of Life Sciences,Shandong University(61200082363001).
文摘Vegetation in terrestrial ecosystems as a carbon sink is a crucial factor in mitigating global warming and reaching carbon neutrality targets,although the drivers of net ecosystem productivity(NEP)under combined human and environmental pressures remain poorly understood.In this study,we analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of NEP in the Horqin Sandy Land,China from 2000 to 2020,and observed the variation in NEP across different land use types.We further identified and quantified the effects of human activities,topographical features,climatic conditions,and soil properties on NEP through the application of structural equation modeling(SEM)and boosted regression trees(BRT).The results showed that the multi-year average NEP ranged from–137.79 to 461.96 g C/m^(2) in the Horqin Sandy Land,with 88.21%of the area showing a significant increasing trend.Among different land use types,forestland exhibited the highest NEP values,followed by cropland,grassland,impervious land,and unused land.The NEP in carbon sink areas was primarily regulated by potential evapotranspiration(negatively correlated)and precipitation(positively correlated).Slope was identified as the most significant positive determinant in carbon source areas.Forestland exhibited climate–topography interactions driving NEP,whereas cropland and grassland relied on temperature;unused land and impervious land were susceptible to land use/cover change and human footprint.This study has significant implications for maintaining the carbon sink function and promoting ecological engineering programs that aim to enhance the capacity of terrestrial carbon sinks in the semi-arid agro-pastoral ecotone.
基金Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Minjiang University,“Research on the Impact of Digital Intelligence Empowerment on the New Quality Productivity of Specialized and Innovative Enterprises and the Realization Path”(Project No.:202410395029)。
文摘This paper examines the impact of digital intelligence transformation on new quality productivity in enterprises in Fujian Province.It highlights the challenges these enterprises face,such as limited talent and infrastructure,in adopting technologies like cloud computing,big data,and artificial intelligence.The research finds that digital intelligence can enhance innovation,efficiency,and market adaptability,driving significant improvements in productivity.The study emphasizes the need for organizational changes and government support to overcome barriers and accelerate transformation,offering valuable insights for both academia and industry.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP),Grant No.2019QZKK0606.
文摘The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)has three main grassland types:alpine meadow,alpine steppe,and alpine desert steppe.In this study,we asked how plant productivity and species diversity vary with altitude,longitude and latitude in alpine grasslands of the QTP.We then identified the environmental factors that drive these observed patterns of plant productivity and species diversity.We found that although plant productivity and species diversity varied greatly across large-scale longitudinal and latitudinal gradients,these changes were strongest across the longitudinal gradient.This finding indicates that moisture rather than temperature has the greatest impact on plant productivity and species diversity of the alpine grasslands in the QTP.We also found that besides soil and climate factors,partial pressure of carbon dioxide(pCO_(2))also has significant effects on plant productivity,and barometric pressure and partial pressure of oxygen(pO_(2))also have significant effects on species diversity.Furthermore,the relationship between the biomass of grassland-dominant species and species diversity was affected by the spatial scale at which these factors were studied.Our study provides new insights into the interconnections between plant productivity and species diversity and the major factors that influence alpine grasslands.It also provides a scientific basis for the maintenance of plant diversity and ecosystem functions in hypoxic(low-oxygen)regions.
文摘Ports are crucial to the economy of many nations;thus, numerous studies have been conducted on port efficiency and productivity. This study analyses the efficiency and productivity of some major global ports namely, Port of Singapore, Rotterdam, Antwerp and Durban. The main objectives of this study are to determine the level of operational efficiency of the mentioned ports, measure and evaluate the ports’ productivity changes and lastly to investigate the factors influencing the productivity changes of the ports studied. To achieve these objectives, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA-BCC) model was used to determine the technical and operational efficiencies of the ports and Malmquist productivity index was employed to calculate the various productivity levels. The results of the study can guide stakeholders to formulate their operational strategies for port efficiency and productivity. The study also has policy suggestions that are uniquely targeted to Africa’s issues and potential.
文摘Burundi faces major agricultural constraints, including land fragmentation, soil erosion, limited access to inputs, inadequate infrastructure and demographic pressures that exacerbate food insecurity. In order to address the multiple challenges faced by farmers in rural areas, a study on improving agricultural productivity and food security in Burundi through optimized land use and diversified farming practices in agroforestry systems has been carried out. The study area is the communes of Giheta and Rutegama, all located in Burundi’s humid plateau livelihood zone, and involved 164 households grouped in coffee growing cooperatives supervised by the cooperative consortium COCOCA. The study uses a mathematical programming model to determine optimal crop selection based on factors such as production costs, yields and market demand. The findings of the study revealed significant insights into the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the sampled population. Notably, 98.8% of respondents were engaged in agriculture, confirming the predominantly agricultural nature of Burundi. The results indicated that maize is the most important crop, occupying 33.9% of the average total cultivated area, followed by cassava at 26.5% and bananas at 19.4%. Together, these three crops accounted for a substantial portion of the total cultivated area, highlighting their significance in local agriculture. Beans and potatoes also play a role, occupying 14.4% and smaller areas, respectively. In terms of profitability, the study provides a detailed analysis of profit margins by crop. Bananas emerges as the most profitable crop, with a profit margin of 97.3%, followed closely by cassava at 96.1% and rice at 90.5%. These crops not only offered substantial yields relative to their production costs but also benefited from strong market demand. Other crops, such as beans (71.3%), coffee (70.3%), and vegetables (54.5%), also demonstrated considerable profitability, although they occupied smaller cultivated areas. Conversely, crops like pigeon peas (4.1%), potatoes (7.6%), and sweet potatoes (7.6%) exhibited the lowest profit margins, which may discourage farmers from investing in them unless other incentives, such as ecological benefits or local consumption needs, are present. Regarding the results, we therefore recommend to promote policies supporting agroforestry, improve market access and develop infrastructure to exploit these benefits.
文摘Bangladesh’s principal grain,rice,is essential to the nation’s agricultural economy and food security.In light of the obstacles and possibilities for increasing domestic output,this study looks at Bangladesh’s food productivity and degree of self-sufficiency in rice production.Even though the nation has made significant progress in rice production,problems including population growth,land degradation,climate change,and poor infrastructure still have an impact on total productivity.To examine the trajectory of Bangladesh’s agricultural sector from 1973 to 2023 through the following economic lenses:agricultural input use,GDP contribution,employment rate,trade trends,critical development indicators,and domestic rice demand and production.The data were chosen based on their accessibility,geographical context,relevance to the study’s aims,and time constraints.According to this study,rice production increased from 9.9 million tons in 1973 to 39.1 million tons in 2023,demonstrating the nation’s continuous efforts to increase agricultural output to satisfy rising market demand.
文摘Agriculture has become the backbone of most developing countries in the world, especially Tubah Sub-Division North West region, Cameroon. Following the COVID-19 pandemic and socio-political crisis that hit Cameroon’s economy, there has been a steady increase in food insecurity, which has paved the way for farmers to adopt some sustainable strategies to boost agricultural productivity. Therefore, in trying to find models for survival and the pursuit of growth, farmers adopted some traditional farming methods and the use of local input as a means of sustainability. This study specifically seeks to analyze the effect of sustainability strategies on agricultural productivity in Tubah sub-division North West Region, Cameroon. The data was elicited via a survey questionnaire administered to 202 participating farmers selected from the different farmer organizations in the Tubah sub-division. Using cluster-sampling approach, proximity villages were grouped into four clusters of villages, and stratified sampling was used to select farmers to participate in the study. The objective of the study was achieved using OLS and quantile regression estimation techniques. The result showed evidence that the sustainability strategies implemented by the farmers decreased agricultural productivity in the 25th quantile, and at the 50th and 75th quantile, agricultural productivity still declined. This decline is because of unsustainable agricultural strategies like the use of slash and burn, the use of chemical fertilizers, inadequate capital, low level of education, inadequate farming experience, inadequate income, inadequate farm size, and the type of technology used for farming. Based on the findings, this study recommends that the government should organize training programs and seminars, subsidize farm inputs, grant agricultural loans to farmers, and initiate and support mechanized agriculture to boost agricultural productivity.
基金supported by the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development Joint Fund(CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0078)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJQN202201519),which are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Pressure control in deep shale gas horizontal wells can reduce the stress sensitivity of hydraulic fractures and improve the estimated ultimate recovery(EUR).In this study,a hydraulic fracture stress sensitivity model is proposed to characterize the effect of pressure drop rate on fracture permeability.Furthermore,a production prediction model is introduced accounting for a non-uniform hydraulic fracture conductivity distribution.The results reveal that increasing the fracture conductivity leads to a rapid daily production increase in the early stages.However,above 0.50 D·cm,a further increase in the fracture conductivity has a limited effect on shale gas production growth.The initial production is lower under pressure-controlled conditions than that under pressure-release.For extended pressure control durations,the cumulative production initially increases and then decreases.For a fracture conductivity of 0.10 D·cm,the increase in production output under controlled-pressure conditions is~35%.For representative deep shale gas wells(Southern Sichuan,China),if the pressure drop rate under controlled-pressure conditions is reduced from 0.19 to 0.04 MPa/d,the EUR increase for 5 years of pressure-controlled production is 41.0 million,with an increase percentage of~29%.
文摘Firm-level productivity analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding the micro-foundations of economic growth,industrial competitiveness,and efficient resource allocation.This comprehensive review synthesizes and critically evaluates the primary statistical and econometric methodologies employed in the measurement and analysis of productivity at the firm level.We systematically delineate the evolution from traditional parametric techniques,such as production function estimation and Stochastic Frontier Analysis(SFA),to non-parametric approaches,including Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)and the Malmquist Productivity Index.A significant focus is placed on addressing pervasive micro-level challenges,notably firm heterogeneity,measurement error,and endogeneity biases,which are endemic to firm-level data.The paper further explores recent methodological innovations,highlighting the integration of machine learning,quantile regression,and network analysis into the productivity research arsenal.By providing a structured guide for selecting and applying appropriate statistical tools,this review aims to equip researchers with the knowledge to conduct robust micro-level productivity analyses.Finally,we outline promising future research trajectories,emphasizing the potential of novel data sources and computational methods to deepen our understanding of productivity determinants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301362,42301544,32430067)。
文摘The restoration of severely fragmented forests requires urgent guidance from succession theory.New theories and methods in plant functional ecology offer novel perspectives on the mechanisms that drive forest succession and productivity.Here,we established a restoration gradient of seven forest logging periods in temperate forests in China,and conducted systematic surveys on the leaf functional traits of all observed plant species,plant community structure,and soil properties.Inspired by the new concept of two-dimensional plant community traits(i.e.,efficiency and quantity traits)and plant trait networks(PTNs),we explored the adaptation mechanisms of forest communities along a restoration succession and their relationship to productivity.Efficiency and quantity traits initially increased and then stabilized,whereas multi-trait relationships(MR)exhibited fluctuations,with community resource utilization efficiency increasing initially before stabilization.As expected,productivity is poorly explained by either efficiency or quantity traits alone but is substantially better explained by their joint consideration as two-dimensional community traits.Among these,the efficiency and quantity traits of leaf area and leaf dry weight can explain up to 43%of productivity.Furthermore,MR exhibit a time-lag effect on productivity.A structural equation model(SEM)with time-lag analysis showed that efficiency traits,quantity traits,MR,and soil properties explained 64%of the spatial variation in productivity during forest succession.Efficiency and quantity traits directly regulated productivity,whereas soil properties and MR indirectly regulated productivity.Our findings are the first to demonstrate the regulation mechanisms between forest succession and productivity from the framework of efficiency traits-quantity traits-MR,providing theoretical guidance and a reference for ecological restoration,and predicting the spatial variation of forest productivity,especially at small scale.
文摘Agricultural Products Processing and Storage(ISSN 3059-4510,Owner:Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.Production and hosting:Springer Nature)is an international,peer-reviewed open access journal with the aim to offer a platform for the rapid dissemination of signifi cant,novel,and high-impact research in the fi elds of agricultural product processing science,technology,engineering,and nutrition.Additionally,supplemental issues are curated and published to facilitate in-depth discussions on special topics.
文摘The physico-chemical analysis of agricultural soil revealed a textured sandy loam at the surface(0–15 cm),with low organic carbon content(0.42%)and moderate levels of nitrogen(157 kg/ha),phosphorus(15.5 kg/ha),and potassium(112.6 kg/ha),under neutral pH conditions(pH 7.4).The chickpea variety PG-186 was used to evaluate the impact of nutrient treatments on plant performance and agroecological outcomes.Experimental findings demonstrated a significant influence of various treatments on the growth,yield,and economic returns of chickpea cultivation.The treatment comprising 100%Recommended Dose of Fertilizers(RDF)along with foliar application of 0.6%ZnSO_(4) and 0.9%FeSO_(4) at pre-flowering and pod development stages(T8)resulted in the maximum plant height(15.5 cm,33.7 cm,45.0 cm),dry matter accumulation(27.5 g,245.2 g,1006.7 g/m^(2)),and number of branches per plant(3.47,5.00,and 8.63)at 45,75,and 105 Days After Sowing(DAS),respectively.This treatment also resulted in the highest grain yield(21.00 q/ha)and stover yield(38.67 q/ha),along with a maximum net return of₹95,392/ha and a benefit-to-cost ratio of 2.32.From an ecological standpoint,this study highlights the vital role of balanced and targeted nutrient management in enhancing agroecosystem productivity while maintaining ecological balance.The integration of micronutrient foliar sprays not only boosts nutrient uptake efficiency and plant health but also reduces dependency on excessive chemical fertilizers,thereby mitigating potential negative impacts on soil ecology.Overall,the findings underscore the ecological importance of optimizing nutrient inputs in legume-based cropping systems to foster sustainable agricultural practices that align with ecological resilience,soil health preservation,and environmental stewardship.
基金supported by Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project of Guangdong Province[Grant No.GD24CTS08].
文摘Digital transformation provides enterprises with new development momenta.Understanding the relationship between digital transformation and total factor productivity(TFP)is essential.This study employs a fixedeffect model and selects all Chinese A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2022 as the research sample.Internal control(IC)is introduced as a mechanistic variable.The results indicate that digital transformation significantly promotes both TFP and the effectiveness of IC.Moreover,effective IC plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between digital transformation and TFP.A heterogeneity analysis reveals that,compared to non-state-owned enterprises,state-owned enterprises can improve TFP more rapidly through digital transformation due to their resource advantages and policy support.On the one hand,these findings help enterprises better align their transformation strategies to maximize the benefits of digital transformation.On the other hand,they provide investors with insights into the transformation potential and future growth prospects of these enterprises.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(No.TD2023C006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2572022DS13).
文摘The symbiotic relationships between trees and different mycorrhizal fungi affect the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships within forest communities,particularly across different strata from the understorey to the overstorey.However,current research on this relationship has not yet reached a definitive conclusion.In this study,we used regression analyses and structural equation modelling based on a 9-ha mixed broadleaved-Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis)forest plot to explore the effects of different types of mycorrhizal fungi(arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)and ectomycorrhizal(EM)fungi)on the relationship between tree species diversity and productivity.The study found that the dominance and productivity of AM species increased in the understorey with increasing soil nutrients,whereas the productivity of EM species declined despite increasing diversity.In the overstorey,the productivity of AM species continued to increase with increasing soil nutrients,while that of EM species decreased due to increased competition.As for diversity-productivity relationships(DPRs),in the understorey,both AM and EM tree species demonstrated a positive DPR,suggesting the presence of the niche complementarity effect.In the overstorey,AM species continue to exhibit positive DPR due to their competitive advantage in nutrient-rich environments.In contrast,EM species exhibit negative DPR due to increased competition or less efficient resource use.Additionally,slope influenced forest productivity indirectly by altering the accumulation and distribution of soil nutrients,thereby affecting species distribution and growth conditions.This indirect effect highlights the potential negative impact of slope on soil nutrients within forest ecosystems,as well as its influence on the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functions.The study reveals how AM and EM trees influence forest productivity through distinct adaptability and competitive strategies across different forest strata,with a particular emphasis on the strata-dependent effects of mycorrhizal association on DPRs.This finding offers a new perspective on how mycorrhizal types modulate the complex relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functions across various strata in temperate forests.
基金supported in part by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China (2023CXGC010703)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD2300905-01)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China (ZR2021MC123)。
文摘Selecting an appropriate planting density is an effective way to improve crop water productivity(WPC).However, there is a lack of research on the balance between evapotranspiration(ET) partitioning, water consumption, and grain production under different summer maize planting densities. To close this knowledge gap, a two-year field experiment was conducted in the North China Plain(NCP) to reveal the effects of different planting densities(HD: 100,000 plants ha^(-1);MD: 78,000 plants ha^(-1);LD:56,000 plants ha^(-1)) on ET partitioning, grain yield, and water productivity of summer maize. The water-heat-carbon-nitrogen simulator(WHCNS) model was employed to calculate ET partitioning and perform scenario simulation after calibration and validation. The results showed that compared to the LD treatment, ET of the summer maize and grain yield in the MD and HD treatments significantly increased. Model simulations showed that the ratio of evaporation to ET ranged from 25.6% to 30.7%and reduced as increasing planting densities. Increasing planting density enhanced total transpiration of summer maize more than 20 mm, comparing to LD treatment, and the most significant differences between various planting densities appeared at the mid-growth stage(August 1 to 31). Scenario simulations indicated that grain yield and WPCof summer maize were consistently higher in wet and normal years compared to drought years, exhibiting a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing with increasing planting density. The highest grain yield and WPCof summer maize were observed at a planting density of approximately 80,000 plants ha^(-1). The results provide theoretical support for selecting a summer maize planting density and effectively utilizing agricultural water in the NCP.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0608103)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42265012 and 31770765).
文摘Enhancing the carbon sink of terrestrial ecosystems is an essential nature-based solution to mitigate global warming and achieve the target of carbon neutrality.Over recent decades,China has launched a series of long-running and large-scale ambitious forestation projects.However,there is still a lack of year-to-year evaluation on the effects of afforestation on carbon sequestration.Satellite remote sensing provides continuous observations of vegetation dynamics and land use and land cover change,is becoming a practical tool to evaluate the changes of vegetation productivity driven by afforestation.Here,a spatially-explicit analysis was conducted by combining Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)land cover and three up-to-date remote sensing gross primary productivity(GPP)datasets of China.The results showed that the generated afforestation maps have similar spatial distribution with the national forest inventory data at the provincial level.The accumulative areas of afforestation were 3.02×10^(5)km^(2)in China from 2002 to 2018,it was mainly distributed in Southwest(SW),South(Sou),Southeast(SE)and Northeast(NE)of China.Among them,SW possesses the largest afforestation sub-region,with an area of 9.38×10^(4)km^(2),accounting for 31.06%of the total.There were divergent trends of affores-tation area among different sub-regions.The southern sub-regions showed increasing trends,while the northern sub-regions showed decreasing trends.In keeping with these,the center of annual afforestation moved to the south after 2009.The southern sub-regions were the majority of the cumula-tive GPP,accounting for nearly 70%of the total.The GPP of new afforestation showed an increasing trend from 2002 to 2018,and the increasing rate was higher than existing forests.After afforestation,the GPP change of afforestation was higher than adjacent non-forest over the same period.Our work provides new evidence that afforestation of China has enhanced the carbon assimilation and will deepen our understanding of dynamics of carbon sequestration driven by afforestation.
基金financially supported by the Lanzhou Youth Science and Technology Talent Innovation Project(2023-QN-2)the Gansu Haizhi Plan Project(GSHZJH 12-2025-04)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC0507404)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20100101)。
文摘Grassland is a key component of the ecosystem in the Qinghai Lake Basin,China.Understanding the effects of climate change and human activities on grassland productivity significantly improves ecological conservation and promotes sustainable vegetation growth in this area.Based on the net primary productivity(NPP)products of MOD17A3HGF(a moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)product that provides annual NPP at 500 m resolution)and meteorological data,we analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution of grassland NPP and its interaction with climate factors in the Qinghai Lake Basin from 2001 to 2022 via partial correlation and trend analysis methods.We also used the deflecting trend residual method and scenario analysis method to quantitatively assess the relative contributions of climatic factors and human activities to grassland NPP.The results revealed that:(1)during the past 22 a,grassland NPP increased considerably,with a gradient change from the northwest to the southeast of the study area;(2)sunshine duration,precipitation,and temperature positively influenced grassland NPP,with sunshine duration exerting a stronger effect on grassland NPP than precipitation and temperature;and(3)98.47%of the grassland in the study area was restored,with an average contribution of 65.00%from human activities and 35.00%from climatic alterations.Compared with climate change,human-induced factors had a greater effect on grassland NPP in this area.The results of the study not only provide important scientific support for ecological restoration and sustainable development of the basin but also offer new ideas for research on similar ecologically fragile areas.
