The characterization of track irregularities is crucial in railway dynamics,as track irregularities are the primary source of internal excitation in railway systems.In this paper,three mathematical models are proposed...The characterization of track irregularities is crucial in railway dynamics,as track irregularities are the primary source of internal excitation in railway systems.In this paper,three mathematical models are proposed to characterize the track irregularities under different circumstances.The first model is a novel explicit track spectrum function,which performs better in reflecting the inherent periodic components of track irregularities than the existing track spectra.On this foundation,the second model,a parameterized track spectrum random model,is proposed to represent the vast measured track irregularities from the probabilistic perspective.Finally,the third model,an imprecise track spectrum interval model based on a neighborhood uniform sampling Bootstrap method,is presented to identify the confidential interval of the track spectra when the track irregularity data are limited.Three examples are illustrated to demonstrate the feasibility of the three track irregularity models in characterizing the track irregularities in different conditions.This research can help capture the railway deformation status and optimize track maintenance strategies.展开更多
The inclusion complexes of poorly water-soluble cephalosporin, cefuroxime axetil(CFA), were prepared with β-cyclodextrin(βCD) with or without addition of L-arginine(ARG) to improve its physicochemical properties. We...The inclusion complexes of poorly water-soluble cephalosporin, cefuroxime axetil(CFA), were prepared with β-cyclodextrin(βCD) with or without addition of L-arginine(ARG) to improve its physicochemical properties. We also investigated the effect of ARG on complexation efficiency(CE) of βCD towards CFA in an aqueous medium through phase solubility behaviour according to Higuchi and Connors. Although phase solubility studies showed AL(linear) type of solubility curve in presence and absence of ARG, the CE and association constant(Ks) of βCD towards CFA were significantly promoted in presence of ARG,justifying its use as a ternary component. The solid systems of CFA with βCD were obtained by spray drying technique with or without incorporation of ARG and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry(XRPD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and saturation solubility and dissolution studies. The molecular modeling studies provided a better insight into geometry and inclusion mode of CFA inside βCD cavity. The solubility and dissolution rate of CFA were significantly improved upon complexation with βCD as compared to CFA alone. However, ternary system incorporated with ARG performed better than binary system in physicochemical evaluation. In conclusion, ARG could be exploited as a ternary component to improve the physicochemical properties of CFA via βCD complexation.展开更多
As an important part of the intelligent transportation system(ITS),vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication will improve the safety and efficiency of the transportation system by realizing the information transmission bet...As an important part of the intelligent transportation system(ITS),vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication will improve the safety and efficiency of the transportation system by realizing the information transmission between vehicles.The underground parking garage is a typical scenario in V2V communication,but as an indoor environment,it is different from the conventional outdoor road scenarios significantly.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to analyze and model the V2V channel characteristics of an underground garage.In this paper,a novel channel measurement carried out in the underground garage is first introduced.Considering that there are a lot of obstacles in an underground garage,the non-line-of-sight(NLoS)condition is taken into account during the measurement.Then,channel characteristic parameters,including large-scale fading,delay spread,and K-factor,are analyzed based on the measured data.In addition,we also carry out channel angle of arrival analysis,show the distribution of azimuth of arrival(AOA)and elevation of arrival(EOA)of multipath components(MPC),and conduct a statistical analysis of the angular spread.In the process of analysis and modeling,we focus on the differences between line-of-sight(LoS)and NLoS conditions.The analysis and conclusions presented in this paper will enrich the understanding of V2V channel and benefit the design of V2V communications.展开更多
The sodium expansion curves of semi-graphitic cathode measured with the improved Rapoport-Samoilenko apparatus. The and TiB2/C composite cathode with different TiB2 contents were mathematic model of the sodium expansi...The sodium expansion curves of semi-graphitic cathode measured with the improved Rapoport-Samoilenko apparatus. The and TiB2/C composite cathode with different TiB2 contents were mathematic model of the sodium expansion was deduced on the basis of the experimental results. The sodium expansion parameter （a） and penetration rate factor （Q）, were introduced into the model The model was validated with the experimental sodium expansion curves self-measured and reported. The results show that the variation tendency of the sodium expansion parameter （a） and penetration rate factor （Q） is consistent with that of the experimental curves. The model is capable of not only conveniently judging the cathode quality, but also favorably establishing a unified standard of the resistance to sodium penetration of cathode.展开更多
The theoretical characterizations on the triangular-form thixotropy-loop tests of an LDPE melt （PE-FSB- 23D022/Q200） were conducted in the present paper by using a new thixotropy model, which is constituted by the u...The theoretical characterizations on the triangular-form thixotropy-loop tests of an LDPE melt （PE-FSB- 23D022/Q200） were conducted in the present paper by using a new thixotropy model, which is constituted by the upper convected Maxwell model and a rate-type kinetic equation. The new thixotropic Maxwell model can partially describe well three reported thixotropy-loop experiments by comparison with the previous calculations of the variant form of the thixotropy-type Huang model. It is noted that the stress deviations between the experiments and the predictions of the new thixotropic Maxwell model are much slighter than those deviations obtained by using the variant Huang model at the same condition, although both models include five parameters. The constitution of the new thixotropic Maxwell model is more reasonable than that of the variant Huang model.展开更多
In this paper the system for simulation, measurement and processing in graphical user interface implementa- tion is presented. The received signal from the simulation is compared to that of an actual measurement in th...In this paper the system for simulation, measurement and processing in graphical user interface implementa- tion is presented. The received signal from the simulation is compared to that of an actual measurement in the time domain. The comparison of simulated, experimental data clearly shows that acoustic wave propaga- tion can be modeled. The feasibility has been demonstrated in an ultrasound transducer setup for material property investigations. The results of simulation are compared to experimental measurements. Results ob- tained fit some much with those found in experiment and show the validity of the used model. The simula- tion tool therefore provides a way to predict the received signal before anything is built. Furthermore, the use of an ultrasonic simulation package allows for the development of the associated electronics to amplify and process the received ultrasonic signals. Such a virtual design and testing procedure not only can save us time and money, but also provide better understanding on design failures and allow us to modify designs more efficiently and economically.展开更多
An integrated cotton fiber quality index （ICFQI） model with cotton fiber qualities which can directly express cotton fiber integrated quality and spinning yarn quality was studied. The fiber length, strength, Micron...An integrated cotton fiber quality index （ICFQI） model with cotton fiber qualities which can directly express cotton fiber integrated quality and spinning yarn quality was studied. The fiber length, strength, Micronalre （fiber fineness and fiber maturity）, uniformity of fiber length, and short fiber content are the pivotal indexes expressing ICFQI. All of the results above are the basic knowledge to build up the models of ICFQI. According to spinning consistency index （SCI）, spinning strength and spinning yarn integrated quality, ICFQI was the best choice. As the methods of ICFQI had quite a lot of advantages like explicit mechanism, few independent variables. The integrated fiber quality index had a significant positive correlation with yarn strength and spinning consistency, significant negative correlation with yarn evenness and yarn thin places. In additional, the model of the relationship between ICFQI and SCI was established as： SCI=0. 235 6·ICFQI ＋56.153. It was concluded that ICFQI value was the shared reference index for the testing of fiber inspection agency and the selection and distribution of raw cotton bales by textile mills.展开更多
The Penobscot Field,located within the Scotian Basin offshore Nova Scotia,Canada,represents an underexplored hydrocarbon field with potential for future development.Previous studies have been confined to specific rese...The Penobscot Field,located within the Scotian Basin offshore Nova Scotia,Canada,represents an underexplored hydrocarbon field with potential for future development.Previous studies have been confined to specific reservoir intervals without integrating multiple stratigraphic levels,and a comprehensive static reservoir characterization and volumetric assessment of the Penobscot Field has yet to be undertaken,constraining its full development evaluation.This study presents a comprehensive characte rization of the field by integrating geological,geophysical,and petrophysical datasets,leading to static hydrocarbon reserve estimation.The workflow involves seismic interpretation,structural modeling,petrophysical evaluation,and static volumetric calculations.Seismic analysis revealed a structu rally complex setting dominated by normal and inverted faults,with reservoir intervals primarily within the Missisauga Formation,which is subdivided into upper,middle,and lower units.Petro p hysical evaluation from well logs and core data identified key reservoir properties,including porosity ranging from 12 % to 28 %,permeability spanning from 1 to 1000 mD,and variable water saturations.Stochastic modeling of facies and petro p hysical attributes provided insights into lateral and ve rtical hete rogeneity.The Penobscot Field's original oil-in-place ranges from 41.6×10~6 m3 to 109.7×10~6 m3,with the Middle Missisauga sands presenting the highest reservoir potential.Fault seal analysis indicated predominantly sealing behavior in the shallow sections and semi-permeable conditions at greater depths,suggesting potential lateral migration pathways.The results underscore the field's hydrocarbon potential while emphasizing the significance of structural complexity,facies distribution,and petrophysical variability in reservoir quality,as well as its potential for future development or utilization of similar sand reservoirs for CO_(2) storage utilization.This work provides the first fully integrated static reservoir model of the Penobscot Field,offering critical insights for delineating the hydrocarbon reservoirs potential and future production strategies in the Scotian Basin.展开更多
Against the backdrop of the deep integration of the global film and television industry,character design has long transcended the mere pursuit of aesthetics and has become a key symbolic system that carries cultural i...Against the backdrop of the deep integration of the global film and television industry,character design has long transcended the mere pursuit of aesthetics and has become a key symbolic system that carries cultural information,builds identity recognition,and drives narrative.This article,by integrating semiotic theory and cultural dimension analysis,deeply dissects the core functions and common predicaments(stereotypes,cultural misinterpretation)of formative symbols in cross-cultural communication and systematically proposed four core design strategies:“extraction and translation of cultural symbols,”“visual mapping of cultural dimensions,”“symbolic support of narrative functions,”and“cultural decoding presuppositions for target audiences.”This article holds that successful cross-cultural modeling design should be committed to creative transformation on the basis of respecting the authenticity of culture,constructing a visual symbol system that combines cultural depth and universal appeal,and ultimately serving global narratives and in-depth cultural dialogues.展开更多
An integrated study on source rock characterization and hydrocarbon generation potential modeling was conducted for the selected Dingo Claystone,Barrow Sub-basin,Australia.In this study,data were collected solely from...An integrated study on source rock characterization and hydrocarbon generation potential modeling was conducted for the selected Dingo Claystone,Barrow Sub-basin,Australia.In this study,data were collected solely from two wells represented by the Bambra-1 and Bambra-2 wells.The collected data include those from bulk geochemical analyses of cuttings and sidewall cores sampled from the Late Jurassic Dingo Claystone.Geochemical data obtained from Rock-Eval pyrolysis and gas chromatography(GC)of extracted organic matter were integrated for source rock characterization and the construction of burial history and hydrocarbon generation in the Dingo Claystone.To improve the accuracy of thermal maturity estimations,only samples with S2 greater than 1 were considered due to potential issues with peak integration and uncertainties of Tmax determination in samples with lower S2 values.Furthermore,Rock-Eval data from the Bambra wells may be unreliable due to the contamination of cuttings and sidewall core(SWC)samples by drilling mud additives and natural hydrocarbons,which could impact the reliability of the data for determining thermal maturity.This study reveals that the Dingo Claystone Formation has total organic carbon(TOC)contents ranging from 0.66%to 8.31%.A poor to good hydrocarbon generation potential is indicated,with a production yield(PY=S_(1)+S_(2))ranging from 1.37 to 10.44 mg HC/g rock.Hydrogen index values vary between 42 and 226 mg HC/g TOC,confirming that the Dingo Claystone is dominantly kerogen TypeⅢ,with minor contributions from typesⅡ/ⅢandⅣ.Thermal maturity ranges from immature to late mature and is mostly in the oil window.This is indicated by T_(max)values of 398-462℃and vitrinite reflectance(Ro,%)of 0.47-1.99.Some samples show suppressed T_(max)and a higher production index,which is typical for samples affected by drilling fluids during drilling operations.Additionally,gas chromatography(GC)analyses are used to interpret the paleodepositional environment showing mixed input between marine and terrestrial origins of the source rocks.One-dimensional basin modeling for the Bambra-1 and Bambra-2 wells was carried out to evaluate the burial and thermal history of the formation.The transformation ratio suggests that hydrocarbon generation has not reached its peak and is still in an ongoing phase.An indication of hydrocarbon migration can be observed in this formation based on the transformation ratio.The effects of contamination warrant further investigation,as it could significantly impact maturity estimates and data reliability.展开更多
In order to study the high temperature flow behaviour of the V modified 2.25Cr-1Mo steel plate to guide the industrial rolling practice, the hot compression tests were carried out at the temperatures from 900 ℃ to 11...In order to study the high temperature flow behaviour of the V modified 2.25Cr-1Mo steel plate to guide the industrial rolling practice, the hot compression tests were carried out at the temperatures from 900 ℃ to 1150 ℃ and the strain rates from 0.01s^-1 to 1 s^-1 on Thermecmastor-Z equipment. Based on the experimental data of the hot compression tests, a kind of Arrhenius-type constitutive equation was developed.The equation can accurately show the relationship between the flow stress and the deformation temperature, the strain and the strain rate. The measured true stress-true strain curves exhibit two kinds of flow stress curves. Moreover, the forming mechanisms of these two types curves were explained by softening, wok hardening theory as well as metallographic and hardness experimental results. The accuracy of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation was identified by three kinds of statistic parameters and also by comparison of the measured and predicted data. The reasonable value of the three types of statistic parameters and the good agreement between the experimental and predicted data can confirm the validity of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation for V modified 2.25 Cr-1 Mo heat resistant steel plate.展开更多
A new dinucleating ligand having two metalbinding sites has been designed and synthesized as model ligand for Cytochrome c Oxidase. The corresponding heterodinuclear complex, as an active site model of Cytochrome c Ox...A new dinucleating ligand having two metalbinding sites has been designed and synthesized as model ligand for Cytochrome c Oxidase. The corresponding heterodinuclear complex, as an active site model of Cytochrome c Oxidase, consisting of a porphyrinatocobalt compound covalently linked with a copper derivative of tris(2-benzimidazylmethyl) amine bearing three benzimidazole ligands for copper was synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. The spectra data suggest that there are interactions between the cobalt and copper coordination units. The cobalt is coordinated to four central nitrogens of the porphyrin and the copper has pentacoordinate geometry with the four tertiary amine nitrogens and a chloride.展开更多
Characterization of unknown groundwater contaminant sources is an important but difficult step in effective groundwater management. The difficulties arise mainly due to the time of contaminant detection which usually ...Characterization of unknown groundwater contaminant sources is an important but difficult step in effective groundwater management. The difficulties arise mainly due to the time of contaminant detection which usually happens a long time after the start of contaminant source(s) activities. Usually, limited information is available which also can be erroneous. This study utilizes Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) algorithms to develop surrogate models that can approximate the complex flow and transport processes in a contaminated aquifer. The important feature of these developed surrogate models is that unlike the previous methods, they can be applied independently of any linked optimization model solution for characterizing of unknown groundwater contaminant sources. The performance of the developed surrogate models is evaluated for source characterization in an experimental contaminated aquifer site within the heterogeneous sand aquifer, located at the Botany Basin, New South Wales, Australia. In this study, the measured contaminant concentrations and hydraulic conductivity values are assumed to contain random errors. Simulated responses of the aquifer to randomly specified contamination stresses as simulated by using a three-dimensional numerical simulation model are utilized for initial training of the surrogate models. The performance evaluation results obtained by using different surrogate models are also compared. The evaluation results demonstrate the different capabilities of the developed surrogate models. These capabilities lead to development of an efficient methodology for source characterization based on utilizing the trained and tested surrogate models in an inverse mode. The obtained results are satisfactory and show the potential applicability of the SOM and GPR-based surrogate models for unknown groundwater contaminant source characterization in an inverse mode.展开更多
This paper examines the metallic rare earth element (REE) formations that grow on ion exchange/chelating resins. Formation of these stabilized metallic structures leads to composite particle destruction and appears to...This paper examines the metallic rare earth element (REE) formations that grow on ion exchange/chelating resins. Formation of these stabilized metallic structures leads to composite particle destruction and appears to be the result of the dynamic environment of the batch experimentation. Polymeric structure, electron availability, pH, kinetic factors, and the REE f-orbitals play significant roles in the formation of the organometallic framework. f-orbitals are largely still not understood to a great extent but this work serves to elucidate the larger role they may play in ligand interactions. Molecular modeling was utilized as a secondary component in investigating rare earth element (REE) deposition onto ion exchange/chelating resins. Modeling of the f-orbital frontier regions and the application of the HOMO-LUMO transition’s effect on molecular transfer and stability is discussed. Advanced metallic loading, in the manner of an organometallic structure, shows short-term stability resulting in particle destruction as increased REE is adsorbed.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as a crucial enabling technology for the advancement of electric vehicles and energy storage systems in the grid.The design of battery state estimation and control algorithm...Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as a crucial enabling technology for the advancement of electric vehicles and energy storage systems in the grid.The design of battery state estimation and control algorithms in battery management systems is usually based on battery models,which interpret crucial battery dynamics through the utilization of mathematical functions.Therefore,the investigation of battery dynamics with the purpose of battery system identification has garnered considerable attention in the realm of battery research.Characterization methods in terms of linear and nonlinear response of lithium-ion batteries have emerged as a prominent area of study in this field.This review has undertaken an analysis and discussion of characterization methods,with a particular focus on the motivation of battery system identification.Specifically,this work encompasses the incorporation of frequency domain nonlinear characterization methods and dynamics-based battery electrical models.The aim of this study is to establish a connection between the characterization and identification of battery systems for researchers and engineers specialized in the field of batteries,with the intention of promoting the advancement of efficient battery technology for real-world applications.展开更多
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important cytokine that plays a pivotal role in natural and adaptive immune systems. However, in lower vertebrates, especially in teleost the receptor of this cytokine is still largely unk...Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important cytokine that plays a pivotal role in natural and adaptive immune systems. However, in lower vertebrates, especially in teleost the receptor of this cytokine is still largely unknown. This paper described the cloning and characterization of grass carp interleukin-10 receptor 1 (gcIL10R1) and the 3D structure of its extracellular domain was predicted. The gcIL10R1 cDNA included 180 bp5’ untranslated region (UTR), 870 bp3’ UTR and an open reading frame (ORF) of 1632 bp. The ORF was found to encode a 543 amino acid protein with a putative JAK1 binding site, one STAT3 binding site. The phylogenetic analysis clusters gcIL10R1 with other teleost IL10R1s but independently of the amphibian, avian and mammalian IL10R1s. The 3D structure of its extracellular domain was the first homology model of a fish IL10R1 that revealed a high similarity with its mammalian and avian counterparts.展开更多
This paper presents a model for the characterization and selection of beeswaxes for use as base substitute tissue for the manufacture of objects suitable for external radiotherapy using megavoltage photon beams. The m...This paper presents a model for the characterization and selection of beeswaxes for use as base substitute tissue for the manufacture of objects suitable for external radiotherapy using megavoltage photon beams. The model of characterization was divided into three distinct stages: 1) verification of aspects related to the origin of the beeswax, the bee species, the flora in the vicinity of the beehives and procedures to detect adulterations;2) evaluation of physical and chemical properties;and 3) evaluation of beam attenuation capacity. The chemical composition of the beeswax evaluated in this study was similar to other simulators commonly used in radiotherapy. The behavior of the mass attenuation coefficient in the radiotherapy energy range was comparable to other simulators. The proposed model is efficient and enables convenient assessment of the use of any particular beeswax as a base substitute tissue for radiotherapy.展开更多
This paper presents a fuzzy logic approach to efficiently perform unsupervised character classification for improvement in robustness, correctness and speed of a character recognition system. The characters are first ...This paper presents a fuzzy logic approach to efficiently perform unsupervised character classification for improvement in robustness, correctness and speed of a character recognition system. The characters are first split into eight typographical categories. The classification scheme uses pattern matching to classify the characters in each category into a set of fuzzy prototypes based on a nonlinear weighted similarity function. The fuzzy unsupervised character classification, which is natural in the repre...展开更多
Ensemble-based analyses are useful to compare equiprobable scenarios of the reservoir models.However,they require a large suite of reservoir models to cover high uncertainty in heterogeneous and complex reservoir mode...Ensemble-based analyses are useful to compare equiprobable scenarios of the reservoir models.However,they require a large suite of reservoir models to cover high uncertainty in heterogeneous and complex reservoir models.For stable convergence in ensemble Kalman filter(EnKF),increasing ensemble size can be one of the solutions,but it causes high computational cost in large-scale reservoir systems.In this paper,we propose a preprocessing of good initial model selection to reduce the ensemble size,and then,EnKF is utilized to predict production performances stochastically.In the model selection scheme,representative models are chosen by using principal component analysis(PCA)and clustering analysis.The dimension of initial models is reduced using PCA,and the reduced models are grouped by clustering.Then,we choose and simulate representative models from the cluster groups to compare errors of production predictions with historical observation data.One representative model with the minimum error is considered as the best model,and we use the ensemble members near the best model in the cluster plane for applying EnKF.We demonstrate the proposed scheme for two 3D models that EnKF provides reliable assimilation results with much reduced computation time.展开更多
Heavy-equipment airdrop is a highly risky procedure that has a complicated system due to the secluded and complex nature of factors＇ coupling. As a result, it is difficult to study the modeling and safety simulation ...Heavy-equipment airdrop is a highly risky procedure that has a complicated system due to the secluded and complex nature of factors＇ coupling. As a result, it is difficult to study the modeling and safety simulation of this system. The dynamic model of the heavy-equipment airdrop is based on the Lagrange analytical mechanics, which has all the degrees of freedom and can accurately pinpoint the real-time coordinates and attitude of the carrier with its cargo. Unfavorable conditions accounted in the factors＇ models, including aircraft malfunctions and adverse environments, are established from a man-machine-environment perspective. Subsequently, a virtual simulation system for the safety research of the multi-factor coupling heavy-equipment airdrop is developed through MATLAB/Simulink, C language and Flightgear software. To verify the veracity of the theory, the verification model is built based on dynamic software ADAMS. Finally, the emulation is put to the test with the input of realistic accident variables to ascertain its feasibility and validity of this method.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52208445,52478321,52378468)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.G2021KY05105)+7 种基金the Basic Research Program of Natural Science in Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2022JQ-369)the Open Foundation of National Engineering Laboratory for High Speed Railway Construction(No.HSR202001)the Youth Talent Support Program Project of Xi’an Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.959202413090)Science and Technology Research and Development Program Project of China railway group limited(Major Special Project,No.:2020-Special-022021-Special-082023-Special-07)Innovation-driven project of Central South University(2023CXQD072)the National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.:2022-JJ-20071).
文摘The characterization of track irregularities is crucial in railway dynamics,as track irregularities are the primary source of internal excitation in railway systems.In this paper,three mathematical models are proposed to characterize the track irregularities under different circumstances.The first model is a novel explicit track spectrum function,which performs better in reflecting the inherent periodic components of track irregularities than the existing track spectra.On this foundation,the second model,a parameterized track spectrum random model,is proposed to represent the vast measured track irregularities from the probabilistic perspective.Finally,the third model,an imprecise track spectrum interval model based on a neighborhood uniform sampling Bootstrap method,is presented to identify the confidential interval of the track spectra when the track irregularity data are limited.Three examples are illustrated to demonstrate the feasibility of the three track irregularity models in characterizing the track irregularities in different conditions.This research can help capture the railway deformation status and optimize track maintenance strategies.
文摘The inclusion complexes of poorly water-soluble cephalosporin, cefuroxime axetil(CFA), were prepared with β-cyclodextrin(βCD) with or without addition of L-arginine(ARG) to improve its physicochemical properties. We also investigated the effect of ARG on complexation efficiency(CE) of βCD towards CFA in an aqueous medium through phase solubility behaviour according to Higuchi and Connors. Although phase solubility studies showed AL(linear) type of solubility curve in presence and absence of ARG, the CE and association constant(Ks) of βCD towards CFA were significantly promoted in presence of ARG,justifying its use as a ternary component. The solid systems of CFA with βCD were obtained by spray drying technique with or without incorporation of ARG and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry(XRPD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and saturation solubility and dissolution studies. The molecular modeling studies provided a better insight into geometry and inclusion mode of CFA inside βCD cavity. The solubility and dissolution rate of CFA were significantly improved upon complexation with βCD as compared to CFA alone. However, ternary system incorporated with ARG performed better than binary system in physicochemical evaluation. In conclusion, ARG could be exploited as a ternary component to improve the physicochemical properties of CFA via βCD complexation.
基金supported in part by the National key research and development program under Grant 2016YFE0200900 and 2018YFF0212103in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant U1834210, 61725101, 61771037, and 6181101396+5 种基金in part by Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant 4182047 and L172020in part by the Major projects of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission under Grant Z181100003218010in part by the State Key Lab of Rail Traffic Control and Safety under Grant 2017JBM332, RCS2018ZZ007 and RCS2018ZT014in part by the Fundamental research funds for the central universities under Grant 2019YJS229in part by Teaching reform project under Grant 134496522 and 134601522in part by the Huawei Corporation
文摘As an important part of the intelligent transportation system(ITS),vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication will improve the safety and efficiency of the transportation system by realizing the information transmission between vehicles.The underground parking garage is a typical scenario in V2V communication,but as an indoor environment,it is different from the conventional outdoor road scenarios significantly.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to analyze and model the V2V channel characteristics of an underground garage.In this paper,a novel channel measurement carried out in the underground garage is first introduced.Considering that there are a lot of obstacles in an underground garage,the non-line-of-sight(NLoS)condition is taken into account during the measurement.Then,channel characteristic parameters,including large-scale fading,delay spread,and K-factor,are analyzed based on the measured data.In addition,we also carry out channel angle of arrival analysis,show the distribution of azimuth of arrival(AOA)and elevation of arrival(EOA)of multipath components(MPC),and conduct a statistical analysis of the angular spread.In the process of analysis and modeling,we focus on the differences between line-of-sight(LoS)and NLoS conditions.The analysis and conclusions presented in this paper will enrich the understanding of V2V channel and benefit the design of V2V communications.
基金Project(2005CB623703) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2008AA030502) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(GUIKEJI0639032) supported by the Science Fund Project of Guangxi Province, China
文摘The sodium expansion curves of semi-graphitic cathode measured with the improved Rapoport-Samoilenko apparatus. The and TiB2/C composite cathode with different TiB2 contents were mathematic model of the sodium expansion was deduced on the basis of the experimental results. The sodium expansion parameter （a） and penetration rate factor （Q）, were introduced into the model The model was validated with the experimental sodium expansion curves self-measured and reported. The results show that the variation tendency of the sodium expansion parameter （a） and penetration rate factor （Q） is consistent with that of the experimental curves. The model is capable of not only conveniently judging the cathode quality, but also favorably establishing a unified standard of the resistance to sodium penetration of cathode.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10402024).
文摘The theoretical characterizations on the triangular-form thixotropy-loop tests of an LDPE melt （PE-FSB- 23D022/Q200） were conducted in the present paper by using a new thixotropy model, which is constituted by the upper convected Maxwell model and a rate-type kinetic equation. The new thixotropic Maxwell model can partially describe well three reported thixotropy-loop experiments by comparison with the previous calculations of the variant form of the thixotropy-type Huang model. It is noted that the stress deviations between the experiments and the predictions of the new thixotropic Maxwell model are much slighter than those deviations obtained by using the variant Huang model at the same condition, although both models include five parameters. The constitution of the new thixotropic Maxwell model is more reasonable than that of the variant Huang model.
文摘In this paper the system for simulation, measurement and processing in graphical user interface implementa- tion is presented. The received signal from the simulation is compared to that of an actual measurement in the time domain. The comparison of simulated, experimental data clearly shows that acoustic wave propaga- tion can be modeled. The feasibility has been demonstrated in an ultrasound transducer setup for material property investigations. The results of simulation are compared to experimental measurements. Results ob- tained fit some much with those found in experiment and show the validity of the used model. The simula- tion tool therefore provides a way to predict the received signal before anything is built. Furthermore, the use of an ultrasonic simulation package allows for the development of the associated electronics to amplify and process the received ultrasonic signals. Such a virtual design and testing procedure not only can save us time and money, but also provide better understanding on design failures and allow us to modify designs more efficiently and economically.
基金China/CSIRO Project on Predicting Yarn Quality from Cotton Fineness and Maturity Measurements(No. 400012)
文摘An integrated cotton fiber quality index （ICFQI） model with cotton fiber qualities which can directly express cotton fiber integrated quality and spinning yarn quality was studied. The fiber length, strength, Micronalre （fiber fineness and fiber maturity）, uniformity of fiber length, and short fiber content are the pivotal indexes expressing ICFQI. All of the results above are the basic knowledge to build up the models of ICFQI. According to spinning consistency index （SCI）, spinning strength and spinning yarn integrated quality, ICFQI was the best choice. As the methods of ICFQI had quite a lot of advantages like explicit mechanism, few independent variables. The integrated fiber quality index had a significant positive correlation with yarn strength and spinning consistency, significant negative correlation with yarn evenness and yarn thin places. In additional, the model of the relationship between ICFQI and SCI was established as： SCI=0. 235 6·ICFQI ＋56.153. It was concluded that ICFQI value was the shared reference index for the testing of fiber inspection agency and the selection and distribution of raw cotton bales by textile mills.
文摘The Penobscot Field,located within the Scotian Basin offshore Nova Scotia,Canada,represents an underexplored hydrocarbon field with potential for future development.Previous studies have been confined to specific reservoir intervals without integrating multiple stratigraphic levels,and a comprehensive static reservoir characterization and volumetric assessment of the Penobscot Field has yet to be undertaken,constraining its full development evaluation.This study presents a comprehensive characte rization of the field by integrating geological,geophysical,and petrophysical datasets,leading to static hydrocarbon reserve estimation.The workflow involves seismic interpretation,structural modeling,petrophysical evaluation,and static volumetric calculations.Seismic analysis revealed a structu rally complex setting dominated by normal and inverted faults,with reservoir intervals primarily within the Missisauga Formation,which is subdivided into upper,middle,and lower units.Petro p hysical evaluation from well logs and core data identified key reservoir properties,including porosity ranging from 12 % to 28 %,permeability spanning from 1 to 1000 mD,and variable water saturations.Stochastic modeling of facies and petro p hysical attributes provided insights into lateral and ve rtical hete rogeneity.The Penobscot Field's original oil-in-place ranges from 41.6×10~6 m3 to 109.7×10~6 m3,with the Middle Missisauga sands presenting the highest reservoir potential.Fault seal analysis indicated predominantly sealing behavior in the shallow sections and semi-permeable conditions at greater depths,suggesting potential lateral migration pathways.The results underscore the field's hydrocarbon potential while emphasizing the significance of structural complexity,facies distribution,and petrophysical variability in reservoir quality,as well as its potential for future development or utilization of similar sand reservoirs for CO_(2) storage utilization.This work provides the first fully integrated static reservoir model of the Penobscot Field,offering critical insights for delineating the hydrocarbon reservoirs potential and future production strategies in the Scotian Basin.
文摘Against the backdrop of the deep integration of the global film and television industry,character design has long transcended the mere pursuit of aesthetics and has become a key symbolic system that carries cultural information,builds identity recognition,and drives narrative.This article,by integrating semiotic theory and cultural dimension analysis,deeply dissects the core functions and common predicaments(stereotypes,cultural misinterpretation)of formative symbols in cross-cultural communication and systematically proposed four core design strategies:“extraction and translation of cultural symbols,”“visual mapping of cultural dimensions,”“symbolic support of narrative functions,”and“cultural decoding presuppositions for target audiences.”This article holds that successful cross-cultural modeling design should be committed to creative transformation on the basis of respecting the authenticity of culture,constructing a visual symbol system that combines cultural depth and universal appeal,and ultimately serving global narratives and in-depth cultural dialogues.
文摘An integrated study on source rock characterization and hydrocarbon generation potential modeling was conducted for the selected Dingo Claystone,Barrow Sub-basin,Australia.In this study,data were collected solely from two wells represented by the Bambra-1 and Bambra-2 wells.The collected data include those from bulk geochemical analyses of cuttings and sidewall cores sampled from the Late Jurassic Dingo Claystone.Geochemical data obtained from Rock-Eval pyrolysis and gas chromatography(GC)of extracted organic matter were integrated for source rock characterization and the construction of burial history and hydrocarbon generation in the Dingo Claystone.To improve the accuracy of thermal maturity estimations,only samples with S2 greater than 1 were considered due to potential issues with peak integration and uncertainties of Tmax determination in samples with lower S2 values.Furthermore,Rock-Eval data from the Bambra wells may be unreliable due to the contamination of cuttings and sidewall core(SWC)samples by drilling mud additives and natural hydrocarbons,which could impact the reliability of the data for determining thermal maturity.This study reveals that the Dingo Claystone Formation has total organic carbon(TOC)contents ranging from 0.66%to 8.31%.A poor to good hydrocarbon generation potential is indicated,with a production yield(PY=S_(1)+S_(2))ranging from 1.37 to 10.44 mg HC/g rock.Hydrogen index values vary between 42 and 226 mg HC/g TOC,confirming that the Dingo Claystone is dominantly kerogen TypeⅢ,with minor contributions from typesⅡ/ⅢandⅣ.Thermal maturity ranges from immature to late mature and is mostly in the oil window.This is indicated by T_(max)values of 398-462℃and vitrinite reflectance(Ro,%)of 0.47-1.99.Some samples show suppressed T_(max)and a higher production index,which is typical for samples affected by drilling fluids during drilling operations.Additionally,gas chromatography(GC)analyses are used to interpret the paleodepositional environment showing mixed input between marine and terrestrial origins of the source rocks.One-dimensional basin modeling for the Bambra-1 and Bambra-2 wells was carried out to evaluate the burial and thermal history of the formation.The transformation ratio suggests that hydrocarbon generation has not reached its peak and is still in an ongoing phase.An indication of hydrocarbon migration can be observed in this formation based on the transformation ratio.The effects of contamination warrant further investigation,as it could significantly impact maturity estimates and data reliability.
基金Funded by the New Product Research Program(No.X18ECQ0A00)of Baoshan Iron&Steel Co.Ltd.
文摘In order to study the high temperature flow behaviour of the V modified 2.25Cr-1Mo steel plate to guide the industrial rolling practice, the hot compression tests were carried out at the temperatures from 900 ℃ to 1150 ℃ and the strain rates from 0.01s^-1 to 1 s^-1 on Thermecmastor-Z equipment. Based on the experimental data of the hot compression tests, a kind of Arrhenius-type constitutive equation was developed.The equation can accurately show the relationship between the flow stress and the deformation temperature, the strain and the strain rate. The measured true stress-true strain curves exhibit two kinds of flow stress curves. Moreover, the forming mechanisms of these two types curves were explained by softening, wok hardening theory as well as metallographic and hardness experimental results. The accuracy of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation was identified by three kinds of statistic parameters and also by comparison of the measured and predicted data. The reasonable value of the three types of statistic parameters and the good agreement between the experimental and predicted data can confirm the validity of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation for V modified 2.25 Cr-1 Mo heat resistant steel plate.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(29871024)
文摘A new dinucleating ligand having two metalbinding sites has been designed and synthesized as model ligand for Cytochrome c Oxidase. The corresponding heterodinuclear complex, as an active site model of Cytochrome c Oxidase, consisting of a porphyrinatocobalt compound covalently linked with a copper derivative of tris(2-benzimidazylmethyl) amine bearing three benzimidazole ligands for copper was synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. The spectra data suggest that there are interactions between the cobalt and copper coordination units. The cobalt is coordinated to four central nitrogens of the porphyrin and the copper has pentacoordinate geometry with the four tertiary amine nitrogens and a chloride.
文摘Characterization of unknown groundwater contaminant sources is an important but difficult step in effective groundwater management. The difficulties arise mainly due to the time of contaminant detection which usually happens a long time after the start of contaminant source(s) activities. Usually, limited information is available which also can be erroneous. This study utilizes Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) algorithms to develop surrogate models that can approximate the complex flow and transport processes in a contaminated aquifer. The important feature of these developed surrogate models is that unlike the previous methods, they can be applied independently of any linked optimization model solution for characterizing of unknown groundwater contaminant sources. The performance of the developed surrogate models is evaluated for source characterization in an experimental contaminated aquifer site within the heterogeneous sand aquifer, located at the Botany Basin, New South Wales, Australia. In this study, the measured contaminant concentrations and hydraulic conductivity values are assumed to contain random errors. Simulated responses of the aquifer to randomly specified contamination stresses as simulated by using a three-dimensional numerical simulation model are utilized for initial training of the surrogate models. The performance evaluation results obtained by using different surrogate models are also compared. The evaluation results demonstrate the different capabilities of the developed surrogate models. These capabilities lead to development of an efficient methodology for source characterization based on utilizing the trained and tested surrogate models in an inverse mode. The obtained results are satisfactory and show the potential applicability of the SOM and GPR-based surrogate models for unknown groundwater contaminant source characterization in an inverse mode.
文摘This paper examines the metallic rare earth element (REE) formations that grow on ion exchange/chelating resins. Formation of these stabilized metallic structures leads to composite particle destruction and appears to be the result of the dynamic environment of the batch experimentation. Polymeric structure, electron availability, pH, kinetic factors, and the REE f-orbitals play significant roles in the formation of the organometallic framework. f-orbitals are largely still not understood to a great extent but this work serves to elucidate the larger role they may play in ligand interactions. Molecular modeling was utilized as a secondary component in investigating rare earth element (REE) deposition onto ion exchange/chelating resins. Modeling of the f-orbital frontier regions and the application of the HOMO-LUMO transition’s effect on molecular transfer and stability is discussed. Advanced metallic loading, in the manner of an organometallic structure, shows short-term stability resulting in particle destruction as increased REE is adsorbed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62373224)the Scientific Research Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Technology(Grant No.YKJ202212)+1 种基金the Nanjing Overseas Educated Personnel Science and Technology Innovation Projectthe Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Smart Distribution Network,Nanjing Institute of Technology(Grant No.XTCX202307)。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as a crucial enabling technology for the advancement of electric vehicles and energy storage systems in the grid.The design of battery state estimation and control algorithms in battery management systems is usually based on battery models,which interpret crucial battery dynamics through the utilization of mathematical functions.Therefore,the investigation of battery dynamics with the purpose of battery system identification has garnered considerable attention in the realm of battery research.Characterization methods in terms of linear and nonlinear response of lithium-ion batteries have emerged as a prominent area of study in this field.This review has undertaken an analysis and discussion of characterization methods,with a particular focus on the motivation of battery system identification.Specifically,this work encompasses the incorporation of frequency domain nonlinear characterization methods and dynamics-based battery electrical models.The aim of this study is to establish a connection between the characterization and identification of battery systems for researchers and engineers specialized in the field of batteries,with the intention of promoting the advancement of efficient battery technology for real-world applications.
文摘Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important cytokine that plays a pivotal role in natural and adaptive immune systems. However, in lower vertebrates, especially in teleost the receptor of this cytokine is still largely unknown. This paper described the cloning and characterization of grass carp interleukin-10 receptor 1 (gcIL10R1) and the 3D structure of its extracellular domain was predicted. The gcIL10R1 cDNA included 180 bp5’ untranslated region (UTR), 870 bp3’ UTR and an open reading frame (ORF) of 1632 bp. The ORF was found to encode a 543 amino acid protein with a putative JAK1 binding site, one STAT3 binding site. The phylogenetic analysis clusters gcIL10R1 with other teleost IL10R1s but independently of the amphibian, avian and mammalian IL10R1s. The 3D structure of its extracellular domain was the first homology model of a fish IL10R1 that revealed a high similarity with its mammalian and avian counterparts.
文摘This paper presents a model for the characterization and selection of beeswaxes for use as base substitute tissue for the manufacture of objects suitable for external radiotherapy using megavoltage photon beams. The model of characterization was divided into three distinct stages: 1) verification of aspects related to the origin of the beeswax, the bee species, the flora in the vicinity of the beehives and procedures to detect adulterations;2) evaluation of physical and chemical properties;and 3) evaluation of beam attenuation capacity. The chemical composition of the beeswax evaluated in this study was similar to other simulators commonly used in radiotherapy. The behavior of the mass attenuation coefficient in the radiotherapy energy range was comparable to other simulators. The proposed model is efficient and enables convenient assessment of the use of any particular beeswax as a base substitute tissue for radiotherapy.
文摘This paper presents a fuzzy logic approach to efficiently perform unsupervised character classification for improvement in robustness, correctness and speed of a character recognition system. The characters are first split into eight typographical categories. The classification scheme uses pattern matching to classify the characters in each category into a set of fuzzy prototypes based on a nonlinear weighted similarity function. The fuzzy unsupervised character classification, which is natural in the repre...
基金supported by The Ministry of Trade,Industry,and Energy(20172510102090,20142520100440,20162010201980)Global PhD Fellowship Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(2015H1A2A1030756)supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant(No.2018R1C1B5045260).
文摘Ensemble-based analyses are useful to compare equiprobable scenarios of the reservoir models.However,they require a large suite of reservoir models to cover high uncertainty in heterogeneous and complex reservoir models.For stable convergence in ensemble Kalman filter(EnKF),increasing ensemble size can be one of the solutions,but it causes high computational cost in large-scale reservoir systems.In this paper,we propose a preprocessing of good initial model selection to reduce the ensemble size,and then,EnKF is utilized to predict production performances stochastically.In the model selection scheme,representative models are chosen by using principal component analysis(PCA)and clustering analysis.The dimension of initial models is reduced using PCA,and the reduced models are grouped by clustering.Then,we choose and simulate representative models from the cluster groups to compare errors of production predictions with historical observation data.One representative model with the minimum error is considered as the best model,and we use the ensemble members near the best model in the cluster plane for applying EnKF.We demonstrate the proposed scheme for two 3D models that EnKF provides reliable assimilation results with much reduced computation time.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61374145 and U1333131)
文摘Heavy-equipment airdrop is a highly risky procedure that has a complicated system due to the secluded and complex nature of factors＇ coupling. As a result, it is difficult to study the modeling and safety simulation of this system. The dynamic model of the heavy-equipment airdrop is based on the Lagrange analytical mechanics, which has all the degrees of freedom and can accurately pinpoint the real-time coordinates and attitude of the carrier with its cargo. Unfavorable conditions accounted in the factors＇ models, including aircraft malfunctions and adverse environments, are established from a man-machine-environment perspective. Subsequently, a virtual simulation system for the safety research of the multi-factor coupling heavy-equipment airdrop is developed through MATLAB/Simulink, C language and Flightgear software. To verify the veracity of the theory, the verification model is built based on dynamic software ADAMS. Finally, the emulation is put to the test with the input of realistic accident variables to ascertain its feasibility and validity of this method.
