Walking in groups is very common in a realistic walking environment. An extended floor field cellular automaton （CA） model is therefore proposed to describe the walking behavior of pedestrian groups, This model repr...Walking in groups is very common in a realistic walking environment. An extended floor field cellular automaton （CA） model is therefore proposed to describe the walking behavior of pedestrian groups, This model represents the motion of pedestrian groups in a realistic way. The simulation results reveal that the walking behavior of groups has an important but negative influence on pedestrian flow dynamics, especially when the density is at a high level. The presence of pedestrian groups retards the emergence of lane formation and increases the instability of operation of pedestrian flow. Moreover, the average velocity and volume of pedestrian flow are significantly reduced due to the group motion. Meanwhile, the parameter-sensitive analysis suggests that pedestrian groups should make a compromise between efficient movement and staying coherent with a certain spatial structure when walking in a dense crowd.展开更多
A stochastic epidemic model with two age groups is established in this study,in which the susceptible(S),the exposed(E),the infected(I),the hospitalized(H)and the recovered(R)are involved within the total population,t...A stochastic epidemic model with two age groups is established in this study,in which the susceptible(S),the exposed(E),the infected(I),the hospitalized(H)and the recovered(R)are involved within the total population,the aging rates between two age groups are set to be constant.The existence-and-uniqueness of global positive solution is firstly showed.Then,by constructing several appropriate Lyapunov functions and using the high-dimensional Itô’s formula,the sufficient conditions for the stochastic extinction and stochastic persistence of the exposed individuals and the infected individuals are obtained.The stochastic extinction indicator and the stochastic persistence indicator are less-valued expressions compared with the basic reproduction number.Meanwhile,the main results of this study are modified into multi-age groups.Furthermore,by using the surveillance data for Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Fuzhou COVID-19 epidemic is chosen to carry out the numerical simulations,which show that the age group of the population plays the vital role when studying infectious diseases.展开更多
A simplified analytical approach is proposed for predicting the load-displacement behavior of single piles in unsaturated soils considering the contribution from the nonlinear shear strength and soil stiffness influen...A simplified analytical approach is proposed for predicting the load-displacement behavior of single piles in unsaturated soils considering the contribution from the nonlinear shear strength and soil stiffness influenced by matric suction.This approach includes a Modified Load Transfer Model(MLTM)that can predict the nonlinear relationships between the shear stress and pile-soil relative displacement along the pile shaft,and between the pile base resistance and base settlement.The proposed model is also extended for pile groups to incorporate the interaction effects between individual piles.The analytical approach is validated through a comparative analysis with the measurements from two single pile tests and one pile group test.In addition,a finite element analysis using 3D modeling is carried out to investigate the behavior of pile groups in various unsaturated conditions.This is accomplished with a user-defined subroutine that is written and implemented in ABAQUS to simulate the nonlinear mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils.The predictions derived from the proposed analytical and numerical methods compare well with the measurements of a published experimental study.The proposed methodologies have the potential to be applied in geotechnical engineering practice for the rational design of single piles and pile groups in unsaturated soils.展开更多
Background:An urban medical group in Dapeng New District was established in 2017 with the objective of enhancing outcomes for common diseases and reinforcing primary care by integrating high‐level hospitals with prim...Background:An urban medical group in Dapeng New District was established in 2017 with the objective of enhancing outcomes for common diseases and reinforcing primary care by integrating high‐level hospitals with primary health services.This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the urban medical group using the triangular value chain framework.Methods:The evaluation was conducted using the Donabedian model,focusing on three key dimensions:safety and quality,accessibility,and affordability.Longitudinal data were collected from 2016 to 2022 through government annual reports,the medical insurance bureau,and hospital information systems.Preprogram and postprogram outcome measurements were compared to assess differences and trends,providing a clear picture of the program's effectiveness.Results:Accessibility improved significantly,with the number of hospital beds per 1000 residents increasing from 2.62 in 2017 to 3.76 in 2022.The availability of general practitioners(GPs)also rose markedly,from 0 per 10,000 residents in 2017 to 6.27 in 2022.Regarding safety and quality,the proportion of complex medical procedures conducted within the New District expanded substantially,from 7.35%in 2017 to 38.11%in 2021.Additionally,there was an enhancement in the standardized management rate of chronic diseases.Affordability assessments showed that the proportion of medical income derived from the medical insurance fund increased by nearly 22.81 percentage points between 2012 and 2021.By 2021,75.02%of medical patients were covered by medical insurance,representing an increase of approximately 44 percentage points from 31.19%in 2012.Conclusions:The implementation of the urban medical group in Dapeng New District has led to substantial improvements in healthcare accessibility,safety and quality,and affordability.Future initiatives will focus on advancing the“Dapeng Mode”to generate exemplary healthcare outcomes and minimize disparities in basic health services and health status between urban and rural populations.The reform agenda includes piloting payment reforms and innovative payment models within the Dapeng group,complemented by a health assessment and performance incentive system aimed at encouraging healthcare institutions to prioritize health management.展开更多
The interests of vulnerable groups can’t be guaranteed due to their weaker capacity and the limited interests demand channels during the water pollution conflicts. The interest protection for the vulnerable people in...The interests of vulnerable groups can’t be guaranteed due to their weaker capacity and the limited interests demand channels during the water pollution conflicts. The interest protection for the vulnerable people in the water pollution conflicts has attracted attentions of the international scholars. The paper tries to construct the market mechanism which can make the vulnerable people to involve in the emission trading. The vulnerable people can buy American put option in the emission trading market. When the price of the emission runs below the contract price, the vulnerable people can get the benefit through executing the option. When the price of the emission runs above the contract price, the vulnerable people can give up the right. The binomial tree option pricing model can help the vulnerable people to make a decision through the analysis of the worth of the American put option.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">One of the main objectives of hospital managements is to control the length ...<strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">One of the main objectives of hospital managements is to control the length of stay (LOS). Successful control of LOS of inpatients will result in reduction in the cost of care, decrease in nosocomial infections, medication side effects, and better management of the limited number of available patients’ beds. The length of stay (LOS) is an important indicator of the efficiency of hospital management by improving the quality of treatment, and increased hospital profit with more efficient bed management. The purpose of this study was to model the distribution of LOS as a function of patient’s age, and the Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG), based on electronic medical records of a large tertiary care hospital. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials and Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Information related to the research subjects were retrieved from a database of patients admitted to King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between January 2014 and December 2016. Subjects’ confidential information was masked from the investigators. The data analyses were reported visually, descriptively, and analytically using Cox proportional hazard regression model to predict the risk of long-stay when patients’ age and the DRG are considered as antecedent risk factors. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Predicting the risk of long stay depends significantly on the age at admission, and the DRG to which a patient belongs to. We demonstrated the validity of the Cox regression model for the available data as the proportionality assumption is shown to be satisfied. Two examples were presented to demonstrate the utility of the Cox model in this regard.</span></span>展开更多
With the penetration of the Internet, virtual groups have become more and more popular. The reliability and accuracy of interpersonal perception in the virtual environment is an intriguing issue. Using the Social rela...With the penetration of the Internet, virtual groups have become more and more popular. The reliability and accuracy of interpersonal perception in the virtual environment is an intriguing issue. Using the Social relations model (SRM) [1], this paper investigates interpersonal perception in virtual groups from a multilevel perspective. In particular, it examines the following three areas: homophily, identification, and individual attraction, and explores how much of these directional and dyadic relational evaluations can be attributed to the effect of the actor, the partner, and the relationship.展开更多
A centrifuge modeling test and a three-dimensional finite element analysis（FEA）of super-long rock-socketed bored pile groups of the Tianxingzhou Bridge are proposed.Based on the similarity theory,different prototypi...A centrifuge modeling test and a three-dimensional finite element analysis（FEA）of super-long rock-socketed bored pile groups of the Tianxingzhou Bridge are proposed.Based on the similarity theory,different prototypical materials are simulated using different indicators in the centrifuge model.The silver sand,the shaft and the pile cap are simulated according to the natural density,the compressive stiffness and the bending stiffness,respectively.The finite element method（FEM）is implemented and analyzed in ANSYS,in which the stress field during the undisturbed soil stage,the boring stage,the concrete-casting stage and the curing stage are discussed in detail.Comparisons in terms of load-settlement,shaft axial force distribution and lateral friction between the numerical results and the test data are carried out to investigate the bearing behaviors of super-long rock-socketed bored pile groups under loading and unloading conditions.Results show that there is a good agreement between the centrifuge modeling tests and the FEM.In addition,the load distribution at the pile top is complicated,which is related to the stiffness of the cap,the corresponding assumptions and the analysis method.The shaft axial force first increases slightly with depth then decreases sharply,and the rate of decrease in rock is greater than that in sand and soil.展开更多
Objective To comparatively observe the effect of electroacupuncture at digestive system-related lower he-sea points on the expressions of serum interleukin-1β（IL-1 β）, tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） of colon t...Objective To comparatively observe the effect of electroacupuncture at digestive system-related lower he-sea points on the expressions of serum interleukin-1β（IL-1 β）, tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） of colon tissues and high mobility group box 1 protein（HMGB 1） of ulcerative colitis（UC） model rats, and to explore whether there is relative specificity of electroacupuncture at Shàngjùxū（上巨虚 ST 37）, one of lower he-sea points of large intestine, in treatment of bowel diseases. Method A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, ST 37 group, Zúsānl？（足三里 ST 36） group, Xiàjùxū（下巨虚 ST 39） group and Yánglíngquán（阳陵泉 GB 34） group. There were ten rats in each group; five were males, and five were females. UC models were established by clysis with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid/alcohol solution. After modeling, treatment was conducted for ten days, specimens were collected, colonic ulcers and inflammation were inspected visually and scored. The content of serum IL-1β and the expressions of TNF-α and HMGB 1 in colon were detected through ELISA. Results 1 Compared with control group, the scores of colonic ulcers and inflammation, the content of serum IL-1β and the expressions of TNF-α（except ST 37 group） and HMGB 1 were all higher（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）; 2 compared with model group, the scores of colonic ulcers in ST 36 group and ST 37 group were lower obviously（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）; the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α and HMGB 1 in the four treatment groups were lower obviously（P〈0.01）; 3 compared with ST 37 group, the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α and HMGB 1 in other three treatment groups were higher obviously（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）; and the scores of colonic ulcers in ST 39 group and GB 34 group were higher obviously（P〈0.05）. Conclusion 1 The score of colonic ulcers can be reduced through electroacupuncture at ST 37, ST 36, ST 39 and GB 34, which can also reduce the content of serum IL-1β and the expressions of TNF-α and HMGB 1, and effectively inhibit inflammatory response of colon caused by UC; 2 the effect trend of the four acupoints in treatment of UC is： ST 37ST 36ST 39GB 34, and electroacupuncture at ST 37 has the best effect with relative specificity.展开更多
A systematic analysis of southwestern Ordos Basin's sedimentary characteristics,internal architectural element association styles and depositional model was illustrated through core statistics,well logging data an...A systematic analysis of southwestern Ordos Basin's sedimentary characteristics,internal architectural element association styles and depositional model was illustrated through core statistics,well logging data and outcrop observations in Chang 8 oil-bearing group.This analysis indicates that shallow water delta sediments dominated by a fluvial system is the primary sedimentary system of the Chang 8 oil-bearing group of the Yanchang Formation in southwestern Ordos Basin.Four microfacies with fine grain sizes are identified: distributary channels,sheet sandstone,mouth bar and interdistributary fines.According to the sandbody's spatial distribution and internal architecture,two types of sandbody architectural element associations are identified: amalgamated distributary channels and thin-layer lobate sandstone.In this sedimentary system,net-like distributary channels at the delta with a narrow ribbon shape compose the skeleton of the sandbody that extends further into the delta front and shades into contiguous lobate distribution sheet sandstone in the distal delta front.The mouth bar is largely absent in this system.By analyzing the palaeogeomorphology,the palaeostructure background,sedimentary characteristics,sedimentary facies types and spatial distribution of sedimentary facies during the Chang 8 period,a distinctive depositional model of the Chang 8 shallow water fluvial-dominated delta was established,which primarily consists of straight multi-phase amalgamated distributary channels in the delta plain,net-like distributary channels frequently diverting and converging in the proximal delta front,sheet sandstones with dispersing contiguous lobate shapes in the distal delta front,and prodelta or shallow lake mudstones.展开更多
Activated carbons were prepared by two chemical methods and the adsorption of Cu(II) on activated carbons from aqueous solution containing amino groups was studied. The first method involved the chlorination of activa...Activated carbons were prepared by two chemical methods and the adsorption of Cu(II) on activated carbons from aqueous solution containing amino groups was studied. The first method involved the chlorination of activated carbon following by substitution of chloride groups with amino groups, and the second involved the nitrilation of activated carbon with reduction of nitro groups to amino groups. Resultant activated carbons were characterized in terms of porous structure, elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, XPS, Boehm titration,and p Hzpc. Kinetic and equilibrium tests were performed for copper adsorption in the batch mode. Also,adsorption mechanism and effect of p H on the adsorption of Cu(II) ions were discussed. Adsorption study shows enhanced adsorption for copper on the modified activated carbons, mainly by the presence of amino groups, and the Freundlich model is applicable for the activated carbons. It is suggested that binding of nitrogen atoms with Cu(II) ions is stronger than that with H+ions due to relatively higher divalent charge or stronger electrostatic force.展开更多
Similar to free-standing pile groups, piled raft foundations are conventionally designed in which the piles carry the total load of structure and the raft bearing capacity is not taken into account. Numerous studies i...Similar to free-standing pile groups, piled raft foundations are conventionally designed in which the piles carry the total load of structure and the raft bearing capacity is not taken into account. Numerous studies indicated that this method is too conservative. Only when the pile cap is elevated from the ground level,the raft bearing contribution can be neglected. In a piled raft foundation, pileesoileraft interaction is complicated. Although several numerical studies have been carried out to analyze the behaviors of piled raft foundations, very few experimental studies are reported in the literature. The available laboratory studies mainly focused on steel piles. The present study aims to compare the behaviors of piled raft foundations with free-standing pile groups in sand, using laboratory physical models. Cast-in-place concrete piles and concrete raft are used for the tests. The tests are conducted on single pile, single pile in pile group, unpiled raft, free-standing pile group and piled raft foundation. We examine the effects of the number of piles, the pile installation method and the interaction between different components of foundation. The results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of the piled raft foundation is considerably higher than that of the free-standing pile group with the same number of piles. With installation of the single pile in the group, the pile bearing capacity and stiffness increase. Installation of the piles beneath the raft decreases the bearing capacity of the raft. When the raft bearing capacity is not included in the design process, the allowable bearing capacity of the piled raft is underestimated by more than 200%. This deviation intensifies with increasing spacing of the piles.展开更多
Due to people’s increasing dependence on social networks,it is essential to develop a consensus model considering not only their own factors but also the interaction between people.Both external trust relationship am...Due to people’s increasing dependence on social networks,it is essential to develop a consensus model considering not only their own factors but also the interaction between people.Both external trust relationship among experts and the internal reliability of experts are important factors in decision-making.This paper focuses on improving the scientificity and effectiveness of decision-making and presents a consensus model combining trust relationship among experts and expert reliability in social network group decision-making(SN-GDM).A concept named matching degree is proposed to measure expert reliability.Meanwhile,linguistic information is applied to manage the imprecise and vague information.Matching degree is expressed by a 2-tuple linguistic model,and experts’preferences are measured by a probabilistic linguistic term set(PLTS).Subsequently,a hybrid weight is explored to weigh experts’importance in a group.Then a consensus measure is introduced and a feedback mechanism is developed to produce some personalized recommendations with higher group consensus.Finally,a comparative example is provided to prove the scientificity and effectiveness of the proposed consensus model.展开更多
On-site and real-time non-destructive measurement of elastic constants for materials of a component in a in-service structure is a challenge due to structural complexities,such as ambiguous boundary,variable thickness...On-site and real-time non-destructive measurement of elastic constants for materials of a component in a in-service structure is a challenge due to structural complexities,such as ambiguous boundary,variable thickness,nonuniform material properties.This work develops for the first time a method that uses ultrasound echo groups and artificial neural network(ANN)for reliable on-site real-time identification of material parameters.The use of echo groups allows the use of lower frequencies,and hence more accommodative to structural complexity.To train the ANNs,a numerical model is established that is capable of computing the waveform of ultrasonic echo groups for any given set of material properties of a given structure.The waveform of an ultrasonic echo groups at an interest location on the surface the structure with material parameters varying in a predefined range are then computed using the numerical model.This results in a set of dataset for training the ANN model.Once the ANN is trained,the material parameters can be identified simultaneously using the actual measured echo waveform as input to the ANN.Intensive tests have been conducted both numerically and experimentally to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the currently proposed method.The results show that the maximum identification error of numerical example is less than 2%,and the maximum identification error of experimental test is less than 7%.Compared with currently prevailing methods and equipment,the proposefy the density and thickness,in addition to the elastic constants.Moreover,the reliability and accuracy of inverse prediction is significantly improved.Thus,it has broad applications and enables real-time field measurements,which has not been fulfilled by any other available methods or equipment.展开更多
The lathes are basic machine tools for manufacturing cylindrical parts. In recent years, the DLseries computer numerical control(CNC) heavy-duty horizontal lathes(HDHLs) have been widely used in the transportation, en...The lathes are basic machine tools for manufacturing cylindrical parts. In recent years, the DLseries computer numerical control(CNC) heavy-duty horizontal lathes(HDHLs) have been widely used in the transportation, energy and aviation industries. High availability of the CNC heavy-duty lathes is demanded to guarantee the efficiency and benefit of these manufacturing industries. As one of the key subsystems of the HDHLs, the feeding control system is studied in this paper on reliability modeling and reliability analysis. The fault tree analysis(FTA) method is used for reliability modelling of the feeding control system. Considering the multiple common cause failure groups(CCFGs) existing in the system, a modified beta factor parametric model is introduced to model the common cause failure(CCF) in system. The reliability of feeding control system is then obtained and the effect of CCF on the reliability of the whole system is studied as well.展开更多
In this article, we establish the global stability of an endemic equilibrium of multi-group SIR epidemic models, which have not only an exchange of individuals between patches through migration but also cross patch in...In this article, we establish the global stability of an endemic equilibrium of multi-group SIR epidemic models, which have not only an exchange of individuals between patches through migration but also cross patch infection between different groups. As a result, we partially generalize the recent result in the article [16].展开更多
Since existing selection methods of surgical treatment schemes of renal cancer patients mainly depend on physicians’clinical experience and judgments,the surgical treatment options of renal cancer patients lack their...Since existing selection methods of surgical treatment schemes of renal cancer patients mainly depend on physicians’clinical experience and judgments,the surgical treatment options of renal cancer patients lack their scientifical and reasonable information expression and group decision-making model for renal cancer patients.Fuzzy multi-sets(FMSs)have a number of properties,which make them suitable for expressing the uncertain information of medical diagnoses and treatments in group decision-making(GDM)problems.To choose the most appropriate surgical treatment scheme for a patient with localized renal cell carcinoma(RCC)(T1 stage kidney tumor),this article needs to develop an effective GDM model based on the fuzzy multivalued evaluation information of the renal cancer patients.First,we propose a conversionmethod of transforming FMSs into entropy fuzzy sets(EFSs)based on the mean and Shannon entropy of a fuzzy sequence in FMS to reasonably simplify the information expression and operations of FMSs and define the score function of an entropy fuzzy element(EFE)for ranking EFEs.Second,we present the Aczel-Alsina t-norm and t-conorm operations of EFEs and the EFE Aczel-Alsina weighted arithmetic averaging(EFEAAWAA)and EFE Aczel-Alsina weighted geometric averaging(EFEAAWGA)operators.Third,we develop a multicriteria GDM model of renal cancer surgery options in the setting of FMSs.Finally,the proposed GDM model is applied to two clinical cases of renal cancer patients to choose the best surgical treatment scheme for a renal cancer patient in the setting of FMSs.The selected results of two clinical cases verify the efficiency and rationality of the proposed GDM model in the setting of FMSs.展开更多
Muon tomography is a capable imaging technique to measure the geometry of high-Z objects. However,most existed algorithms used in muon tomography have obscured the effects of angular distribution and momentum spectra ...Muon tomography is a capable imaging technique to measure the geometry of high-Z objects. However,most existed algorithms used in muon tomography have obscured the effects of angular distribution and momentum spectra of cosmic ray muons and reduced the spatial resolution. We present a modified multi-group model that takes into account these effects and calibrates the model by the material of lead. Performance tests establish that the model is capable of measuring the thickness of a Pb slab and identifying the material of an unknown slab on a reasonable exposure timescale, in both cases of complete and incomplete angular data. Results show that the modified multi-group model is helpful for improvements in image resolution in real applications.展开更多
Background:The neuropsychiatric disorders due to post-streptococcal autoimmune complications such as Sydenham's chorea(SC)are associated with acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease(ARF/RHD).An animal mo...Background:The neuropsychiatric disorders due to post-streptococcal autoimmune complications such as Sydenham's chorea(SC)are associated with acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease(ARF/RHD).An animal model that exhibits char-acteristics of both cardiac and neurobehavioral defects in ARF/RHD would be an important adjunct for future studies.Since age,gender,strain differences,and geno-types impact on the development of autoimmunity,we investigated the behavior of male and female Wistar and Lewis rat strains in two age cohorts(6 weeks and 12 weeks)under normal husbandry conditions and following exposure to group A streptococcus(GAS).Methods:Standard behavioral assessments were performed to determine the impair-ments in fine motor control(food manipulation test),gait and balance(beam walk-ing test),and obsessive-compulsive behavior(grooming and marble burying tests).Furthermore,electrocardiography,histology,and behavioral assessments were per-formed on male and female Lewis rats injected with GAS antigens.Results:For control Lewis rats there were no significant age and gender dependent differences in marble burying,food manipulation,beam walking and grooming be-haviors.In contrast significant age-dependent differences were observed in Wistar rats in all the behavioral tests except for food manipulation.Therefore,Lewis rats were selected for further experiments to determine the effect of GAS.After ex-posure to GAS,Lewis rats demonstrated neurobehavioral abnormalities and cardiac pathology akin to SC and ARF/RHD,respectively.Conclusion:We have characterised a new model that provides longitudinal stability of age-dependent behavior,to simultaneously investigate both neurobehavioral and cardiac abnormalities associated with post-streptococcal complications.展开更多
In this paper, we study worm dynamics in computer networks composed of many autonomous systems. A novel multigroup SIQR （susceptible-infected-quarantined-removed） model is proposed for computer worms by explicitly c...In this paper, we study worm dynamics in computer networks composed of many autonomous systems. A novel multigroup SIQR （susceptible-infected-quarantined-removed） model is proposed for computer worms by explicitly considering anti-virus measures and the network infrastructure. Then, the basic reproduction number of worm R0 is derived and the global dynamics of the model are established. It is shown that if R0 is less than or equal to 1, the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable and the worm dies out eventually, whereas, if R0 is greater than 1, one unique endemic equilibrium exists and it is globally asymptotically stable, thus the worm persists in the network. Finally, numerical simulations are given to illustrate the theoretical results.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51278101 and 51338003)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China(Grant No.20120092110043)the Scientific Innovation Research Project of College Graduate in Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.CXZZ13 0117)
文摘Walking in groups is very common in a realistic walking environment. An extended floor field cellular automaton （CA） model is therefore proposed to describe the walking behavior of pedestrian groups, This model represents the motion of pedestrian groups in a realistic way. The simulation results reveal that the walking behavior of groups has an important but negative influence on pedestrian flow dynamics, especially when the density is at a high level. The presence of pedestrian groups retards the emergence of lane formation and increases the instability of operation of pedestrian flow. Moreover, the average velocity and volume of pedestrian flow are significantly reduced due to the group motion. Meanwhile, the parameter-sensitive analysis suggests that pedestrian groups should make a compromise between efficient movement and staying coherent with a certain spatial structure when walking in a dense crowd.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61911530398,12231012)Consultancy Project by the Chinese Academy of Engineering(2022-JB-06,2023-JB-12)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2021J01621)Special Projects of the Central Government Guiding Local Science and Technology Development(2021L3018)Royal Society of Edinburgh(RSE1832)Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EP/W522521/1).
文摘A stochastic epidemic model with two age groups is established in this study,in which the susceptible(S),the exposed(E),the infected(I),the hospitalized(H)and the recovered(R)are involved within the total population,the aging rates between two age groups are set to be constant.The existence-and-uniqueness of global positive solution is firstly showed.Then,by constructing several appropriate Lyapunov functions and using the high-dimensional Itô’s formula,the sufficient conditions for the stochastic extinction and stochastic persistence of the exposed individuals and the infected individuals are obtained.The stochastic extinction indicator and the stochastic persistence indicator are less-valued expressions compared with the basic reproduction number.Meanwhile,the main results of this study are modified into multi-age groups.Furthermore,by using the surveillance data for Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Fuzhou COVID-19 epidemic is chosen to carry out the numerical simulations,which show that the age group of the population plays the vital role when studying infectious diseases.
基金financially supported by NSERC,CanadaDiscovery Grant 2020(Grant No.5808).
文摘A simplified analytical approach is proposed for predicting the load-displacement behavior of single piles in unsaturated soils considering the contribution from the nonlinear shear strength and soil stiffness influenced by matric suction.This approach includes a Modified Load Transfer Model(MLTM)that can predict the nonlinear relationships between the shear stress and pile-soil relative displacement along the pile shaft,and between the pile base resistance and base settlement.The proposed model is also extended for pile groups to incorporate the interaction effects between individual piles.The analytical approach is validated through a comparative analysis with the measurements from two single pile tests and one pile group test.In addition,a finite element analysis using 3D modeling is carried out to investigate the behavior of pile groups in various unsaturated conditions.This is accomplished with a user-defined subroutine that is written and implemented in ABAQUS to simulate the nonlinear mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils.The predictions derived from the proposed analytical and numerical methods compare well with the measurements of a published experimental study.The proposed methodologies have the potential to be applied in geotechnical engineering practice for the rational design of single piles and pile groups in unsaturated soils.
文摘Background:An urban medical group in Dapeng New District was established in 2017 with the objective of enhancing outcomes for common diseases and reinforcing primary care by integrating high‐level hospitals with primary health services.This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the urban medical group using the triangular value chain framework.Methods:The evaluation was conducted using the Donabedian model,focusing on three key dimensions:safety and quality,accessibility,and affordability.Longitudinal data were collected from 2016 to 2022 through government annual reports,the medical insurance bureau,and hospital information systems.Preprogram and postprogram outcome measurements were compared to assess differences and trends,providing a clear picture of the program's effectiveness.Results:Accessibility improved significantly,with the number of hospital beds per 1000 residents increasing from 2.62 in 2017 to 3.76 in 2022.The availability of general practitioners(GPs)also rose markedly,from 0 per 10,000 residents in 2017 to 6.27 in 2022.Regarding safety and quality,the proportion of complex medical procedures conducted within the New District expanded substantially,from 7.35%in 2017 to 38.11%in 2021.Additionally,there was an enhancement in the standardized management rate of chronic diseases.Affordability assessments showed that the proportion of medical income derived from the medical insurance fund increased by nearly 22.81 percentage points between 2012 and 2021.By 2021,75.02%of medical patients were covered by medical insurance,representing an increase of approximately 44 percentage points from 31.19%in 2012.Conclusions:The implementation of the urban medical group in Dapeng New District has led to substantial improvements in healthcare accessibility,safety and quality,and affordability.Future initiatives will focus on advancing the“Dapeng Mode”to generate exemplary healthcare outcomes and minimize disparities in basic health services and health status between urban and rural populations.The reform agenda includes piloting payment reforms and innovative payment models within the Dapeng group,complemented by a health assessment and performance incentive system aimed at encouraging healthcare institutions to prioritize health management.
文摘The interests of vulnerable groups can’t be guaranteed due to their weaker capacity and the limited interests demand channels during the water pollution conflicts. The interest protection for the vulnerable people in the water pollution conflicts has attracted attentions of the international scholars. The paper tries to construct the market mechanism which can make the vulnerable people to involve in the emission trading. The vulnerable people can buy American put option in the emission trading market. When the price of the emission runs below the contract price, the vulnerable people can get the benefit through executing the option. When the price of the emission runs above the contract price, the vulnerable people can give up the right. The binomial tree option pricing model can help the vulnerable people to make a decision through the analysis of the worth of the American put option.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">One of the main objectives of hospital managements is to control the length of stay (LOS). Successful control of LOS of inpatients will result in reduction in the cost of care, decrease in nosocomial infections, medication side effects, and better management of the limited number of available patients’ beds. The length of stay (LOS) is an important indicator of the efficiency of hospital management by improving the quality of treatment, and increased hospital profit with more efficient bed management. The purpose of this study was to model the distribution of LOS as a function of patient’s age, and the Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG), based on electronic medical records of a large tertiary care hospital. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials and Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Information related to the research subjects were retrieved from a database of patients admitted to King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between January 2014 and December 2016. Subjects’ confidential information was masked from the investigators. The data analyses were reported visually, descriptively, and analytically using Cox proportional hazard regression model to predict the risk of long-stay when patients’ age and the DRG are considered as antecedent risk factors. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Predicting the risk of long stay depends significantly on the age at admission, and the DRG to which a patient belongs to. We demonstrated the validity of the Cox regression model for the available data as the proportionality assumption is shown to be satisfied. Two examples were presented to demonstrate the utility of the Cox model in this regard.</span></span>
文摘With the penetration of the Internet, virtual groups have become more and more popular. The reliability and accuracy of interpersonal perception in the virtual environment is an intriguing issue. Using the Social relations model (SRM) [1], this paper investigates interpersonal perception in virtual groups from a multilevel perspective. In particular, it examines the following three areas: homophily, identification, and individual attraction, and explores how much of these directional and dyadic relational evaluations can be attributed to the effect of the actor, the partner, and the relationship.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2007ABA094)
文摘A centrifuge modeling test and a three-dimensional finite element analysis（FEA）of super-long rock-socketed bored pile groups of the Tianxingzhou Bridge are proposed.Based on the similarity theory,different prototypical materials are simulated using different indicators in the centrifuge model.The silver sand,the shaft and the pile cap are simulated according to the natural density,the compressive stiffness and the bending stiffness,respectively.The finite element method（FEM）is implemented and analyzed in ANSYS,in which the stress field during the undisturbed soil stage,the boring stage,the concrete-casting stage and the curing stage are discussed in detail.Comparisons in terms of load-settlement,shaft axial force distribution and lateral friction between the numerical results and the test data are carried out to investigate the bearing behaviors of super-long rock-socketed bored pile groups under loading and unloading conditions.Results show that there is a good agreement between the centrifuge modeling tests and the FEM.In addition,the load distribution at the pile top is complicated,which is related to the stiffness of the cap,the corresponding assumptions and the analysis method.The shaft axial force first increases slightly with depth then decreases sharply,and the rate of decrease in rock is greater than that in sand and soil.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:81173327/H2718
文摘Objective To comparatively observe the effect of electroacupuncture at digestive system-related lower he-sea points on the expressions of serum interleukin-1β（IL-1 β）, tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） of colon tissues and high mobility group box 1 protein（HMGB 1） of ulcerative colitis（UC） model rats, and to explore whether there is relative specificity of electroacupuncture at Shàngjùxū（上巨虚 ST 37）, one of lower he-sea points of large intestine, in treatment of bowel diseases. Method A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, ST 37 group, Zúsānl？（足三里 ST 36） group, Xiàjùxū（下巨虚 ST 39） group and Yánglíngquán（阳陵泉 GB 34） group. There were ten rats in each group; five were males, and five were females. UC models were established by clysis with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid/alcohol solution. After modeling, treatment was conducted for ten days, specimens were collected, colonic ulcers and inflammation were inspected visually and scored. The content of serum IL-1β and the expressions of TNF-α and HMGB 1 in colon were detected through ELISA. Results 1 Compared with control group, the scores of colonic ulcers and inflammation, the content of serum IL-1β and the expressions of TNF-α（except ST 37 group） and HMGB 1 were all higher（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）; 2 compared with model group, the scores of colonic ulcers in ST 36 group and ST 37 group were lower obviously（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）; the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α and HMGB 1 in the four treatment groups were lower obviously（P〈0.01）; 3 compared with ST 37 group, the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α and HMGB 1 in other three treatment groups were higher obviously（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）; and the scores of colonic ulcers in ST 39 group and GB 34 group were higher obviously（P〈0.05）. Conclusion 1 The score of colonic ulcers can be reduced through electroacupuncture at ST 37, ST 36, ST 39 and GB 34, which can also reduce the content of serum IL-1β and the expressions of TNF-α and HMGB 1, and effectively inhibit inflammatory response of colon caused by UC; 2 the effect trend of the four acupoints in treatment of UC is： ST 37ST 36ST 39GB 34, and electroacupuncture at ST 37 has the best effect with relative specificity.
基金Project(SQ2013CB021013)supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(41002045)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A systematic analysis of southwestern Ordos Basin's sedimentary characteristics,internal architectural element association styles and depositional model was illustrated through core statistics,well logging data and outcrop observations in Chang 8 oil-bearing group.This analysis indicates that shallow water delta sediments dominated by a fluvial system is the primary sedimentary system of the Chang 8 oil-bearing group of the Yanchang Formation in southwestern Ordos Basin.Four microfacies with fine grain sizes are identified: distributary channels,sheet sandstone,mouth bar and interdistributary fines.According to the sandbody's spatial distribution and internal architecture,two types of sandbody architectural element associations are identified: amalgamated distributary channels and thin-layer lobate sandstone.In this sedimentary system,net-like distributary channels at the delta with a narrow ribbon shape compose the skeleton of the sandbody that extends further into the delta front and shades into contiguous lobate distribution sheet sandstone in the distal delta front.The mouth bar is largely absent in this system.By analyzing the palaeogeomorphology,the palaeostructure background,sedimentary characteristics,sedimentary facies types and spatial distribution of sedimentary facies during the Chang 8 period,a distinctive depositional model of the Chang 8 shallow water fluvial-dominated delta was established,which primarily consists of straight multi-phase amalgamated distributary channels in the delta plain,net-like distributary channels frequently diverting and converging in the proximal delta front,sheet sandstones with dispersing contiguous lobate shapes in the distal delta front,and prodelta or shallow lake mudstones.
文摘Activated carbons were prepared by two chemical methods and the adsorption of Cu(II) on activated carbons from aqueous solution containing amino groups was studied. The first method involved the chlorination of activated carbon following by substitution of chloride groups with amino groups, and the second involved the nitrilation of activated carbon with reduction of nitro groups to amino groups. Resultant activated carbons were characterized in terms of porous structure, elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, XPS, Boehm titration,and p Hzpc. Kinetic and equilibrium tests were performed for copper adsorption in the batch mode. Also,adsorption mechanism and effect of p H on the adsorption of Cu(II) ions were discussed. Adsorption study shows enhanced adsorption for copper on the modified activated carbons, mainly by the presence of amino groups, and the Freundlich model is applicable for the activated carbons. It is suggested that binding of nitrogen atoms with Cu(II) ions is stronger than that with H+ions due to relatively higher divalent charge or stronger electrostatic force.
文摘Similar to free-standing pile groups, piled raft foundations are conventionally designed in which the piles carry the total load of structure and the raft bearing capacity is not taken into account. Numerous studies indicated that this method is too conservative. Only when the pile cap is elevated from the ground level,the raft bearing contribution can be neglected. In a piled raft foundation, pileesoileraft interaction is complicated. Although several numerical studies have been carried out to analyze the behaviors of piled raft foundations, very few experimental studies are reported in the literature. The available laboratory studies mainly focused on steel piles. The present study aims to compare the behaviors of piled raft foundations with free-standing pile groups in sand, using laboratory physical models. Cast-in-place concrete piles and concrete raft are used for the tests. The tests are conducted on single pile, single pile in pile group, unpiled raft, free-standing pile group and piled raft foundation. We examine the effects of the number of piles, the pile installation method and the interaction between different components of foundation. The results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of the piled raft foundation is considerably higher than that of the free-standing pile group with the same number of piles. With installation of the single pile in the group, the pile bearing capacity and stiffness increase. Installation of the piles beneath the raft decreases the bearing capacity of the raft. When the raft bearing capacity is not included in the design process, the allowable bearing capacity of the piled raft is underestimated by more than 200%. This deviation intensifies with increasing spacing of the piles.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71871121).
文摘Due to people’s increasing dependence on social networks,it is essential to develop a consensus model considering not only their own factors but also the interaction between people.Both external trust relationship among experts and the internal reliability of experts are important factors in decision-making.This paper focuses on improving the scientificity and effectiveness of decision-making and presents a consensus model combining trust relationship among experts and expert reliability in social network group decision-making(SN-GDM).A concept named matching degree is proposed to measure expert reliability.Meanwhile,linguistic information is applied to manage the imprecise and vague information.Matching degree is expressed by a 2-tuple linguistic model,and experts’preferences are measured by a probabilistic linguistic term set(PLTS).Subsequently,a hybrid weight is explored to weigh experts’importance in a group.Then a consensus measure is introduced and a feedback mechanism is developed to produce some personalized recommendations with higher group consensus.Finally,a comparative example is provided to prove the scientificity and effectiveness of the proposed consensus model.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51805141)Funds for Creative Research Groups of Hebei Province of China(Grant No.E2020202142)+2 种基金Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Plan Project of China(Grant No.19ZXZNGX00100)Key R&D Program of Hebei Province of China(Grant No.19227208D)National Key Research and development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB2009400).
文摘On-site and real-time non-destructive measurement of elastic constants for materials of a component in a in-service structure is a challenge due to structural complexities,such as ambiguous boundary,variable thickness,nonuniform material properties.This work develops for the first time a method that uses ultrasound echo groups and artificial neural network(ANN)for reliable on-site real-time identification of material parameters.The use of echo groups allows the use of lower frequencies,and hence more accommodative to structural complexity.To train the ANNs,a numerical model is established that is capable of computing the waveform of ultrasonic echo groups for any given set of material properties of a given structure.The waveform of an ultrasonic echo groups at an interest location on the surface the structure with material parameters varying in a predefined range are then computed using the numerical model.This results in a set of dataset for training the ANN model.Once the ANN is trained,the material parameters can be identified simultaneously using the actual measured echo waveform as input to the ANN.Intensive tests have been conducted both numerically and experimentally to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the currently proposed method.The results show that the maximum identification error of numerical example is less than 2%,and the maximum identification error of experimental test is less than 7%.Compared with currently prevailing methods and equipment,the proposefy the density and thickness,in addition to the elastic constants.Moreover,the reliability and accuracy of inverse prediction is significantly improved.Thus,it has broad applications and enables real-time field measurements,which has not been fulfilled by any other available methods or equipment.
基金the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2014ZX04014-011)
文摘The lathes are basic machine tools for manufacturing cylindrical parts. In recent years, the DLseries computer numerical control(CNC) heavy-duty horizontal lathes(HDHLs) have been widely used in the transportation, energy and aviation industries. High availability of the CNC heavy-duty lathes is demanded to guarantee the efficiency and benefit of these manufacturing industries. As one of the key subsystems of the HDHLs, the feeding control system is studied in this paper on reliability modeling and reliability analysis. The fault tree analysis(FTA) method is used for reliability modelling of the feeding control system. Considering the multiple common cause failure groups(CCFGs) existing in the system, a modified beta factor parametric model is introduced to model the common cause failure(CCF) in system. The reliability of feeding control system is then obtained and the effect of CCF on the reliability of the whole system is studied as well.
基金supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant Scientific Research (c), No. 24540219 to the first author, JSPS Fellows, No.237213 to the second author, and No. 222176 to the third author)
文摘In this article, we establish the global stability of an endemic equilibrium of multi-group SIR epidemic models, which have not only an exchange of individuals between patches through migration but also cross patch infection between different groups. As a result, we partially generalize the recent result in the article [16].
基金This study has received funding by the Science and Technology Plan Project of Keqiao District(No.2020KZ58).
文摘Since existing selection methods of surgical treatment schemes of renal cancer patients mainly depend on physicians’clinical experience and judgments,the surgical treatment options of renal cancer patients lack their scientifical and reasonable information expression and group decision-making model for renal cancer patients.Fuzzy multi-sets(FMSs)have a number of properties,which make them suitable for expressing the uncertain information of medical diagnoses and treatments in group decision-making(GDM)problems.To choose the most appropriate surgical treatment scheme for a patient with localized renal cell carcinoma(RCC)(T1 stage kidney tumor),this article needs to develop an effective GDM model based on the fuzzy multivalued evaluation information of the renal cancer patients.First,we propose a conversionmethod of transforming FMSs into entropy fuzzy sets(EFSs)based on the mean and Shannon entropy of a fuzzy sequence in FMS to reasonably simplify the information expression and operations of FMSs and define the score function of an entropy fuzzy element(EFE)for ranking EFEs.Second,we present the Aczel-Alsina t-norm and t-conorm operations of EFEs and the EFE Aczel-Alsina weighted arithmetic averaging(EFEAAWAA)and EFE Aczel-Alsina weighted geometric averaging(EFEAAWGA)operators.Third,we develop a multicriteria GDM model of renal cancer surgery options in the setting of FMSs.Finally,the proposed GDM model is applied to two clinical cases of renal cancer patients to choose the best surgical treatment scheme for a renal cancer patient in the setting of FMSs.The selected results of two clinical cases verify the efficiency and rationality of the proposed GDM model in the setting of FMSs.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Foundation of CAEP(No.2015B0103014)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11605163)
文摘Muon tomography is a capable imaging technique to measure the geometry of high-Z objects. However,most existed algorithms used in muon tomography have obscured the effects of angular distribution and momentum spectra of cosmic ray muons and reduced the spatial resolution. We present a modified multi-group model that takes into account these effects and calibrates the model by the material of lead. Performance tests establish that the model is capable of measuring the thickness of a Pb slab and identifying the material of an unknown slab on a reasonable exposure timescale, in both cases of complete and incomplete angular data. Results show that the modified multi-group model is helpful for improvements in image resolution in real applications.
基金RAM Rafeek is recipient of International Postgraduate Research Award(IPRA)from University of New England.CM Lobbe and E.Wilkinson are recipients of student scholarship from the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia(RCPA).
文摘Background:The neuropsychiatric disorders due to post-streptococcal autoimmune complications such as Sydenham's chorea(SC)are associated with acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease(ARF/RHD).An animal model that exhibits char-acteristics of both cardiac and neurobehavioral defects in ARF/RHD would be an important adjunct for future studies.Since age,gender,strain differences,and geno-types impact on the development of autoimmunity,we investigated the behavior of male and female Wistar and Lewis rat strains in two age cohorts(6 weeks and 12 weeks)under normal husbandry conditions and following exposure to group A streptococcus(GAS).Methods:Standard behavioral assessments were performed to determine the impair-ments in fine motor control(food manipulation test),gait and balance(beam walk-ing test),and obsessive-compulsive behavior(grooming and marble burying tests).Furthermore,electrocardiography,histology,and behavioral assessments were per-formed on male and female Lewis rats injected with GAS antigens.Results:For control Lewis rats there were no significant age and gender dependent differences in marble burying,food manipulation,beam walking and grooming be-haviors.In contrast significant age-dependent differences were observed in Wistar rats in all the behavioral tests except for food manipulation.Therefore,Lewis rats were selected for further experiments to determine the effect of GAS.After ex-posure to GAS,Lewis rats demonstrated neurobehavioral abnormalities and cardiac pathology akin to SC and ARF/RHD,respectively.Conclusion:We have characterised a new model that provides longitudinal stability of age-dependent behavior,to simultaneously investigate both neurobehavioral and cardiac abnormalities associated with post-streptococcal complications.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. BK2010526)the Six Projects Sponsoring Talent Summits of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. SJ209006)+2 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20103223110003)the Ministry of Education Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Fund of China (Grant No. 12YJAZH120)the Graduate Student Innovation Research Project of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant Nos. CXLX11 0417 and CXLX11 0404)
文摘In this paper, we study worm dynamics in computer networks composed of many autonomous systems. A novel multigroup SIQR （susceptible-infected-quarantined-removed） model is proposed for computer worms by explicitly considering anti-virus measures and the network infrastructure. Then, the basic reproduction number of worm R0 is derived and the global dynamics of the model are established. It is shown that if R0 is less than or equal to 1, the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable and the worm dies out eventually, whereas, if R0 is greater than 1, one unique endemic equilibrium exists and it is globally asymptotically stable, thus the worm persists in the network. Finally, numerical simulations are given to illustrate the theoretical results.
