Succinonitrile(SN)-based polymer plastic crystal electrolytes(PPCEs)are regarded as promising candidates for lithium metal batteries but suffer from serious side reactions with Li metal.Herein,we propose a multi-dimen...Succinonitrile(SN)-based polymer plastic crystal electrolytes(PPCEs)are regarded as promising candidates for lithium metal batteries but suffer from serious side reactions with Li metal.Herein,we propose a multi-dimensional optimization strategy to alleviate the side reactions between SN and Li metal,and develop a highly stable poly-vinylethylene carbonate-based PPCE(PPCE-VEC).Moreover,we identify the intrinsic factors of multi-dimensional polymer structures on the electrolyte stability by three typical classes of polyesters.The PPCE-VEC constructed by in situ polymerization exhibits much better stability than poly-vinylene carbonate-based PPCE(PPCE-VCA)and poly-trifluoroethyl acrylate-based PPCE(PPCE-TFA),which is verified by its fewer SN-decomposition species in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and outstanding full cell performance.The PPCE-VEC-enabled LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)full cell achieve 73.7%capacity retention after 1400 cycles,which outperforms PPCE-VCA-and PPCE-TFA-enabled full cells(61.9%and 46.9%).Spectral analysis and theoretical calculation reveal that the high solvation ability of the carbonyl site,flexible polymer chain,and homogeneous electrolyte phase of PPCE-VEC are favorable to maximizing competition coordination with Li^(+)to weaken the Li^(+)–SN binding and shape an anion-rich solvation structure.This optimized polymer-involved Li^(+)solvation enhances SN stability and facilitates the formation of B/F enriched solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI),thus significantly improving PPCE stability.展开更多
Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 s...Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 sample plots in the built-up areas of Nanchang,China,were used as research sites.Urbanization intensities were categorized by the rate of impervious surface area,and forest types were classified into landscape and relaxation forest,attached forest(AF),road forest(RF),and ecological public welfare forest.This study aimed to explore the spatial variations in vegetation characteristics and landscape pattern indices of different forest types under rapid urbanization.The results indicated that the largest patch index(LPI),aggregation index(AI),and percentage of landscape(PLAND)in RF and AF were lower than those in the other forest types(p<0.05).With increasing urbanization intensity,the mean perimeter-area ratio increased by 130.84%,whereas the PLAND,LPI,and AI decreased by 22−86%(p<0.05).Redundancy analysis and variation partitioning suggested that the interpretation rate of landscape pattern indices for variations in vegetation characteristics increased from low to heavy urbanization areas.Especially,the landscape shape index,patch connection index,PLAND,and mean patch size were significantly correlated with vegetation characteristics(e.g.,tree richness,herb coverage,and tree height).In the future,appropriate landscape layout superiority cases should be considered in different urbanization areas and forest types;for instance,increasing the patch connection index will beneficially improve the diversity of trees and herbs in heavy urbanization areas and the RF.This study serves as a reference for maximizing the ecosystem services of urban forests.展开更多
A composite anti-disturbance predictive control strategy employing a Multi-dimensional Taylor Network(MTN)is presented for unmanned systems subject to time-delay and multi-source disturbances.First,the multi-source di...A composite anti-disturbance predictive control strategy employing a Multi-dimensional Taylor Network(MTN)is presented for unmanned systems subject to time-delay and multi-source disturbances.First,the multi-source disturbances are addressed according to their specific characteristics as follows:(A)an MTN data-driven model,which is used for uncertainty description,is designed accompanied with the mechanism model to represent the unmanned systems;(B)an adaptive MTN filter is used to remove the influence of the internal disturbance;(C)an MTN disturbance observer is constructed to estimate and compensate for the influence of the external disturbance;(D)the Extended Kalman Filter(EKF)algorithm is utilized as the learning mechanism for MTNs.Second,to address the time-delay effect,a recursiveτstep-ahead MTN predictive model is designed utilizing recursive technology,aiming to mitigate the impact of time-delay,and the EKF algorithm is employed as its learning mechanism.Then,the MTN predictive control law is designed based on the quadratic performance index.By implementing the proposed composite controller to unmanned systems,simultaneous feedforward compensation and feedback suppression to the multi-source disturbances are conducted.Finally,the convergence of the MTN and the stability of the closed-loop system are established utilizing the Lyapunov theorem.Two exemplary applications of unmanned systems involving unmanned vehicle and rigid spacecraft are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.展开更多
Seasonal cycles are essential components of weather and climatic systems. This study utilized observational data from a meteorological station on an island in the South China Sea from 1961 to 2020, along with ERA5 rea...Seasonal cycles are essential components of weather and climatic systems. This study utilized observational data from a meteorological station on an island in the South China Sea from 1961 to 2020, along with ERA5 reanalysis data, to explore the variations in seasonal cycles and thermal comfort characteristics on the island. The observational data revealed that the onset of summer on the island occurred earlier each year, whereas the onset of autumn was gradually delayed,leading to an increase in the duration of summer. Urbanization had played an important role in elevating local temperatures and extending the duration of summer. The thermal comfort index exhibited a clear upward trend annually, reflecting a shift towards warmer and less comfortable conditions due to urbanization. From 1961 to 2020, the annual average thermal comfort index indicated that 36 years(60%) were characterized by hot discomfort, and 24 years(40%) were within the comfortable range. The number of comfortable days per year on the island exhibited a declining trend. Urbanization markedly influenced the thermal comfort levels on the island, contributing to an annual increase in the number of hot discomfort days. However, the reanalysis data did not reflect the actual observed changes in the comfort characteristics on the island.展开更多
As complex and diverse ecosystems,cities encounter numerous challenges posed by both nature and humanity.Architecture,serving as the framework and texture of the city,has undoubtedly emerged as a crucial guide in addr...As complex and diverse ecosystems,cities encounter numerous challenges posed by both nature and humanity.Architecture,serving as the framework and texture of the city,has undoubtedly emerged as a crucial guide in addressing urban resilience issues.Roof greening and vertical greening of buildings,as ecofriendly urban green infrastructures,hold significant potential for mitigating these challenges.This paper explores the methods and strategies for implementing roof greening and vertical greening as solutions to enhance urban resilience.The objective is to offer valuable insights for sustainable urban development,encourage the widespread adoption of these greening techniques in urban construction,and ultimately strengthen urban resilience.展开更多
Global large-scale urbanization and climate change have become indisputable scientific facts yet are unresolved issues,and are a common concern for mankind.The relationship between these two topics is unclear and it i...Global large-scale urbanization and climate change have become indisputable scientific facts yet are unresolved issues,and are a common concern for mankind.The relationship between these two topics is unclear and it is not known how to deal appropriately at the scientific level with climate change in the process of urbanization.Further exploration of the science,management and practice,are needed to achieve global and regional sustainadevelopment.This paper first considers the basic facts concerning mass urbanization and climate change and summarizes the interactions and possible mechanisms of urbanization and climate change.Urbanization leads to the heat island effect,an uneven distribution of precipitation and extreme weather,together with a local-regional-global multi-scale superposition effect,which aggravates the consequences of global climate change.The impact of climate change on urbanization is mainly manifested in aspects such as changes of energy consumption,mortality,and the spread of infectious diseases,sea level rise,extreme weather damage to infrastructure,and water shortages.This paper also briefly reviews relevant international research programs and action coalitions and puts forward an analysis framework multi-dimensional sustainable urbanization which can adapt to and mitigate climate change,from the perspective of the four key dimensions—population,land use,economy,and society.It is imperative that we strengthen the interdisciplinary activities involving the natural and social sciences,take urbanization and other human activities into consideration of the land-atmosphere system,and explore the human-land-atmosphere coupling process.The adaptation and mitigation from the perspective of human activities,as represented by urbanization,might be the most critical and realistic way to deal with climate change.展开更多
The study of multi-dimensional expansion of urban space(MEUS) addresses the laws of urban spatial expansion from all directions and angles. Using Nanjing as an example,this paper constructs multi-temporal, urban three...The study of multi-dimensional expansion of urban space(MEUS) addresses the laws of urban spatial expansion from all directions and angles. Using Nanjing as an example,this paper constructs multi-temporal, urban three-dimensional models based on RS and GIS technology and then conducts qualitative and quantitative analysis of MEUS using plot ratio change maps and MEUS quantitative index for built-up areas. Based especially on the concept of volume growth contribution rate, this paper analyzes the characteristics of MEUS in different stages. The results show that in 2000–2004, planar expansion played the main role,the internal potential development(IPD) intensity of the urban built-up areas was relatively large, and the volume growth contribution rate was low; in 2004–2008, planar expansion accelerated, and IPD slowed down; in 2008–2012, planar expansion slowed while IPD intensity increased; the contribution rates of volume growth of urban IPD for the three periods were 22.21%, 24.51% and 73.38%, respectively. This study expands the research perspective of urban spatial expansion, and the adopted methods are instructive and meaningful for MEUS research. In addition, the results of this study will deepen the understanding of MEUS laws and help improve scientific decision-making for urban planning and urban land use management.展开更多
The rapid population and land urbanization not only promoted economic development but also affected the ecosystem service value(ESV).In the context of new-type urbanization and green development,it’s essential to inv...The rapid population and land urbanization not only promoted economic development but also affected the ecosystem service value(ESV).In the context of new-type urbanization and green development,it’s essential to investigate the impacts of urbanization on ESV in China.However,a comprehensive and dynamic framework to reveal the relationship between ESV and urbanization processes is lacking.This study adopted multi-source datasets to portray China’s urbanization process by integrating population,land,and economic urbanization,eval-uated the ESV changes of 10 categories by gross ecosystem product(GEP)methods,and explored ESV changes within different urbanization scales and speeds.The results showed rapid urbanization in the population,land,and economic dimensions in China,with a faster process of economic urbanization.The ESV also exhibited an increasing trend,with higher levels in the southeastern coastal regions and lower levels in the northwestern regions.Urbanization had positive impacts on ESV across various research units,but the ESV exhibited heteroge-neous changes across different urbanization scales,speeds,and their interactive effects.The response of ESV to dynamic urbanization processes was influenced by socio-economic,ecological,and policy factors;it is essential to combine targeted measures with general ecological product value realization methods in each unit to maximize social-economic-ecological benefits.展开更多
Enhancing urban ecological resilience(UER)is a new concept for modern tourism-oriented cities to cope with environmental crises.Revealing the impact of the urbanization on UER is critical to the sustainability of urba...Enhancing urban ecological resilience(UER)is a new concept for modern tourism-oriented cities to cope with environmental crises.Revealing the impact of the urbanization on UER is critical to the sustainability of urban ecosystems.Taking Zhangjiajie,a typical tourism-oriented city,as an example,urbanization level(UL)and UER evaluation system were constructed,and the change trend was analyzed.The Granger Causality Test model was used to discuss the relationship between UL and UER.The results showed that:(1)the urbanization rate of Zhangjiajie significantly increased by 0.531 from 2011 to 2020.Cili county has the highest UL,and Wulingyuan district including a large number of scenic spots has the fastest development trend.(2)The ecological restoration was more sensitive in the face of rising pressure,and showed a synchronized change trend with pressure.The high pressure in 2016 had the most significant impact on resistance.This effect continued into 2019,with an average decline in resistance of 0.802.(3)The UL has significantly promoted the improvement of urban ecological restoration.Specially,tourism urbanization was the most significant in scenic spots,while economic and social urbanization played a major role in other regions for the improvement of ecological restoration.展开更多
Dryland regions face complex interactions between urbanization and ecological changes,where effective coordination is essential for enhancing sustainability and resilience.However,most studies concentrate on the natio...Dryland regions face complex interactions between urbanization and ecological changes,where effective coordination is essential for enhancing sustainability and resilience.However,most studies concentrate on the national or provincial scales,with insufficient research on county-level coordination,limiting the ability to provide targeted polifrom a precise perspective.This study addresses this gap by analyzing 39 counties within the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin Urban Agglomeration(HBOYUA),a typical dryland urban cluster in China.We use daytime and nighttime remote sensing images to track the spatio-temporal evolution of urbanization and ecological conditions from 1992 to 2023.A novel quantitative framework based on an improved coupling coordination degree(CCD)is proposed to assess their coordination relationship.The results reveal that:(1)Urbanization and ecological quality both exhibited fluctuating upward trends,with spatial heterogeneity increasing for urbanization and decreasing for the eco-environment.Regions with better ecological conditions had higher urbanization levels.(2)The overall coordinated level improved from imbalance(0.36)to low-level coordination(0.55),although its spatial distribution remained uneven,with central urban areas showing higher CCD than surrounding counties.(3)Socioeconomic factors exerted greater effects on CCD than natural factors,with GDP and land surface temperature(LST)playing a significant role in interaction analysis.(4)In western arid regions,urbanization did not necessarily harm ecosystems;instead,ecological conditions improved alongside urbanization.This research offers targeted and valuable references for county and city governments in resource allocation and sustainable development.The proposed methodology is also adaptable for urban resilience studies in other regions.展开更多
The ancient tacit knowledge behind the logic system permeated the culture and promoted numerous impactful inventions throughout the history. Traditional Chinese medicine with its effectiveness should also have stemmed...The ancient tacit knowledge behind the logic system permeated the culture and promoted numerous impactful inventions throughout the history. Traditional Chinese medicine with its effectiveness should also have stemmed out from such logic system. This article aims to rearticulate the underlying lucid multi-dimensional logic system, which faded in obscurity only because of time-out loss of the mid-right concept. Retracing this past tacit but important concept could uncover a multi-dimensional system over a point relating to all matters while capturing the central core of the matter. The seemingly unmanageable multidimensional logic was strengthened by verification processes which affirmed its further extensions, and made up the language of the people, the concepts of yin-yang(阴阳), and the development of extensions of Ba Gua(八卦) derivatives, which furthered the interpretation of the space-time properties and Chinese medicine.展开更多
Urbanization’s impact on pre-monsoon extreme rainfall in the Greater Bay Area(GBA),coastal South China(SC),and its relation to different synoptic systems remains understudied.This research investigates urbanization e...Urbanization’s impact on pre-monsoon extreme rainfall in the Greater Bay Area(GBA),coastal South China(SC),and its relation to different synoptic systems remains understudied.This research investigates urbanization effects on premonsoon rainfall using hourly station observations and Weather Research and Forecasting model with the Single Layer Urban Canopy Model(WRF-SLUCM)simulations.Observations show stronger pre-monsoon extreme rainfall in GBA cities than surrounding rural areas,with the urban heat island(UHI)intensifying the urban rainfall intensity and probability.Extreme cases were classified into frontal and shear-line warm-sector types.Enhanced urban rainfall due to UHI was more pronounced under shear-line and warm-sector systems.Four frontal and four shear-line cases were dynamically downscaled using WRF-SLUCM,and four parallel experiments were conducted:“Nourban”(urban areas replaced by cropland),“AH0”,“AH100”,and“AH300”[normal land use,with the diurnal maximum anthropogenic heat(AH)set to 0,100,and 300 W m^(−2)in SLUCM,respectively].In frontal cases,significantly reduced urban rainfall in AH0 is due to decreased(enhanced)surface evaporation(wind divergence)in cities compared to cropland.Strong northerly winds and cold-air intrusion suppress the UHI in AH0 and AH100 during the rainfall process;enhanced urban rainfall occurs only in AH300.In contrast,for shear-line cases,urban friction and UHI promote local convection and wind convergence,increasing urban rainfall significantly in all urban experiments compared to Nourban.Overall,urbanization’s influence on SC’s premonsoon extreme rainfall is highly sensitive to the type of synoptic systems,necessitating further investigation of urban rainfall in this season.展开更多
Stress accumulation is a key factor leading to sodium storage performance deterioration for NiSe_(2)-based anodes.Therefore,inhibiting the concentrated local stress during the sodiataion/desodiation process is crucial...Stress accumulation is a key factor leading to sodium storage performance deterioration for NiSe_(2)-based anodes.Therefore,inhibiting the concentrated local stress during the sodiataion/desodiation process is crucial for acquiring stable NiSe2-based materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),Herein,a stress dissipation strategy driven by architecture engineering is proposed,which can achieve ultrafast and ultralong sodium storage properties.Different from the conventional sphere-like or rod-like architecture,the three-dimensional(3D)flower-like NiSe_(2)@C composite is delicately designed and assembled with onedimensional nanorods and carbon framework.More importantly,the fundamental mechanism of improved structure stability is unveiled by simulations and experimental results simultaneously.It demonstrates that this designed multidimensional flower-like architecture with dispersed nanorods can balance the structural mismatch,avoid concentrated local strain,and relax the internal stress,mainly induced by the unavoidable volume variation during the repeated conversion processes.Moreover,it can provide more Na^(+)-storage sites and multi-directional migration pathways,leading to a fast Na^(+)-migration channel with boosted reaction kinetic.As expected,it delivers superior rate performance(441 mA h g^(-1)at 5.0 A g^(-1))and long cycling stability(563 mA h g^(-1)at 1.0 A g^(-1)over 1000 cycles)for SIBs.This work provides useful insights for designing high-performance conversion-based anode materials for SIBs.展开更多
In sharp contrast to Western urbanization models, the distinctive feature of China's rapid urbanization lies in the production of space. This is not only a crucial entry point for comprehending China's urbaniz...In sharp contrast to Western urbanization models, the distinctive feature of China's rapid urbanization lies in the production of space. This is not only a crucial entry point for comprehending China's urbanization path but also provides a new orientation for global urban studies.展开更多
This paper explores whole-process engineering consulting,including its application models in public buildings and elderly-friendly projects,such as service integration and whole lifecycle management.It also addresses ...This paper explores whole-process engineering consulting,including its application models in public buildings and elderly-friendly projects,such as service integration and whole lifecycle management.It also addresses the construction of multi-dimensional collaborative theoretical models,public space streamline organization,and other aspects,emphasizing the importance of multi-dimensional collaboration.Additionally,it highlights the role of talent cultivation and digital transformation in enhancing project efficiency.展开更多
A comprehensive understanding of urbanization impacts on landscape dynamics,eco-environmental consequences,and advancements in human habitation is paramount for effectively advancing urbanization-related sustainable d...A comprehensive understanding of urbanization impacts on landscape dynamics,eco-environmental consequences,and advancements in human habitation is paramount for effectively advancing urbanization-related sustainable development goals.This study predicted the urbanization process within the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Ulanqab(HBOU)region and its projected implications for ecology,human settlement,and energy consumption in 2020–2050 using multi-source data and models under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs).The results revealed that the HBOU region's urban area grew by 624.66 km~2 between 1990 and 2020.By 2050,it is expected to reach 1793.49±169.30 km~2,mainly expanding into cropland(58.95%)and natural ecological land(31.79%).Urban greening is projected to enhance,with the highest urban green space(UGS)predicted under SSP1(32.42%).Under this scenario,the per capita urban area(PCUA)and per capita urban green space area(PCUGA)are projected to reach 172.66 and 55.63 m~2/person in 2050,respectively.Furthermore,the ecological and energy utilization impacts are anticipated to decrease by 3.99%to 37.52%relative to alternative scenarios.Our projections suggest that limiting urbanization area in the HBOU region to 1500–1600 km~2 would significantly enhance the settlement environment and mitigate ecological and energy consumption effects.These results guide urban strategies balancing ecology,energy use,and habitation in arid regions.展开更多
This study examines the impact of urbanization on the Surface Urban Heat Island(SUHI)effect in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region(BMR)over a 36-year period,utilizing advanced machine learning techniques to assess changes...This study examines the impact of urbanization on the Surface Urban Heat Island(SUHI)effect in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region(BMR)over a 36-year period,utilizing advanced machine learning techniques to assess changes in land use and land cover(LULC).The research addresses three key questions:(1)How have changes in LULC influenced the dynamics of the urban heat island(UHI)effect in the BMR?(2)What roles do green and blue infrastructure play in mitigating urban heat?(3)How effectively can machine learning models classify LULC changes and provide insights to support sustainable urban planning?The findings reveal a strong correlation between urban growth and increased land surface temperatures(LST),with parks and water bodies exhibiting lower LSTs,emphasizing the importance of green and blue infrastructure in mitigating urban heat.The SUHI effect,initially measured at 3℃ from 1988 to 1991,peaked at 4.8℃ between 2012 and 2019 before slightly declining to 4.1℃ in recent years due to urban greening initiatives.However,ongoing urban development continues to diminish green spaces and water bodies,underscoring the urgent need for sustainable urban planning.Economic factors,including the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis and land tax laws introduced in 2019,influenced land use patterns,further exacerbating the SUHI effect.The research highlights the necessity of integrated urban management and sustainable land use policies to enhance climate resilience in rapidly urbanizing regions like the BMR.展开更多
The multi-dimensional interactive teaching model significantly enhances the effectiveness of college English instruction by emphasizing dynamic engagement between teachers and students,as well as among students themse...The multi-dimensional interactive teaching model significantly enhances the effectiveness of college English instruction by emphasizing dynamic engagement between teachers and students,as well as among students themselves.This paper explores practical strategies for implementing this model,focusing on four key aspects:deepening teachers’understanding of the model through continuous learning,innovating interactive methods such as questioning techniques and practical activities,leveraging modern technology to integrate resources and track learning progress,and establishing a communication platform that centers on student participation.By adopting these approaches,the model fosters a student-centered classroom environment,improves comprehensive English application skills,and optimizes overall teaching quality.展开更多
At its core,Urbanization and Production of Space provides a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationship between urbanization and the production of space,particularly within the rapidly evolving context of Chi...At its core,Urbanization and Production of Space provides a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationship between urbanization and the production of space,particularly within the rapidly evolving context of China's urban transformation.As one of the most populous and dynamically urbanizing nations,China serves as a compelling case for understanding the broader global implications of spatial restructuring.展开更多
During the critical transformation period of landscape architecture major after the adjustment of disciplinary structure and the changes in market demand,private colleges and universities,as important places for culti...During the critical transformation period of landscape architecture major after the adjustment of disciplinary structure and the changes in market demand,private colleges and universities,as important places for cultivating local talents,have pain points such as uneven quality of teachers and students and weak innovation and practice.The practice system with“multi-dimensional Integration”integrates four dimensions:interdisciplinary integration,spatial and temporal intersection,historical inheritance,and behavioral activity,deepens the disciplinary connotation,and integrates the three elements of nature,humanity,and technology,aiming to provide a new path for private colleges and universities to cultivate application-oriented and compound talents with innovative capabilities.In terms of optimizing talent cultivation and adapting to industry changes,this system provides thinking and reference for landscape architecture major,helping the major reshape its core competitiveness and promoting educational innovation and industry development.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22072048)the Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2021A1515010128 and 2022A0505050013).
文摘Succinonitrile(SN)-based polymer plastic crystal electrolytes(PPCEs)are regarded as promising candidates for lithium metal batteries but suffer from serious side reactions with Li metal.Herein,we propose a multi-dimensional optimization strategy to alleviate the side reactions between SN and Li metal,and develop a highly stable poly-vinylethylene carbonate-based PPCE(PPCE-VEC).Moreover,we identify the intrinsic factors of multi-dimensional polymer structures on the electrolyte stability by three typical classes of polyesters.The PPCE-VEC constructed by in situ polymerization exhibits much better stability than poly-vinylene carbonate-based PPCE(PPCE-VCA)and poly-trifluoroethyl acrylate-based PPCE(PPCE-TFA),which is verified by its fewer SN-decomposition species in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and outstanding full cell performance.The PPCE-VEC-enabled LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)full cell achieve 73.7%capacity retention after 1400 cycles,which outperforms PPCE-VCA-and PPCE-TFA-enabled full cells(61.9%and 46.9%).Spectral analysis and theoretical calculation reveal that the high solvation ability of the carbonyl site,flexible polymer chain,and homogeneous electrolyte phase of PPCE-VEC are favorable to maximizing competition coordination with Li^(+)to weaken the Li^(+)–SN binding and shape an anion-rich solvation structure.This optimized polymer-involved Li^(+)solvation enhances SN stability and facilitates the formation of B/F enriched solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI),thus significantly improving PPCE stability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460380,42007042)State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture(SKLSSKF2023-06)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20242BAB25389)National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202410410029X)Jiangxi Province Graduate Student Innovation Special Fund Project(YC2024-S330).
文摘Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 sample plots in the built-up areas of Nanchang,China,were used as research sites.Urbanization intensities were categorized by the rate of impervious surface area,and forest types were classified into landscape and relaxation forest,attached forest(AF),road forest(RF),and ecological public welfare forest.This study aimed to explore the spatial variations in vegetation characteristics and landscape pattern indices of different forest types under rapid urbanization.The results indicated that the largest patch index(LPI),aggregation index(AI),and percentage of landscape(PLAND)in RF and AF were lower than those in the other forest types(p<0.05).With increasing urbanization intensity,the mean perimeter-area ratio increased by 130.84%,whereas the PLAND,LPI,and AI decreased by 22−86%(p<0.05).Redundancy analysis and variation partitioning suggested that the interpretation rate of landscape pattern indices for variations in vegetation characteristics increased from low to heavy urbanization areas.Especially,the landscape shape index,patch connection index,PLAND,and mean patch size were significantly correlated with vegetation characteristics(e.g.,tree richness,herb coverage,and tree height).In the future,appropriate landscape layout superiority cases should be considered in different urbanization areas and forest types;for instance,increasing the patch connection index will beneficially improve the diversity of trees and herbs in heavy urbanization areas and the RF.This study serves as a reference for maximizing the ecosystem services of urban forests.
基金co-supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB4704400)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ24F030012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China General Project(No.62373033)。
文摘A composite anti-disturbance predictive control strategy employing a Multi-dimensional Taylor Network(MTN)is presented for unmanned systems subject to time-delay and multi-source disturbances.First,the multi-source disturbances are addressed according to their specific characteristics as follows:(A)an MTN data-driven model,which is used for uncertainty description,is designed accompanied with the mechanism model to represent the unmanned systems;(B)an adaptive MTN filter is used to remove the influence of the internal disturbance;(C)an MTN disturbance observer is constructed to estimate and compensate for the influence of the external disturbance;(D)the Extended Kalman Filter(EKF)algorithm is utilized as the learning mechanism for MTNs.Second,to address the time-delay effect,a recursiveτstep-ahead MTN predictive model is designed utilizing recursive technology,aiming to mitigate the impact of time-delay,and the EKF algorithm is employed as its learning mechanism.Then,the MTN predictive control law is designed based on the quadratic performance index.By implementing the proposed composite controller to unmanned systems,simultaneous feedforward compensation and feedback suppression to the multi-source disturbances are conducted.Finally,the convergence of the MTN and the stability of the closed-loop system are established utilizing the Lyapunov theorem.Two exemplary applications of unmanned systems involving unmanned vehicle and rigid spacecraft are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A6001,42475077)Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province。
文摘Seasonal cycles are essential components of weather and climatic systems. This study utilized observational data from a meteorological station on an island in the South China Sea from 1961 to 2020, along with ERA5 reanalysis data, to explore the variations in seasonal cycles and thermal comfort characteristics on the island. The observational data revealed that the onset of summer on the island occurred earlier each year, whereas the onset of autumn was gradually delayed,leading to an increase in the duration of summer. Urbanization had played an important role in elevating local temperatures and extending the duration of summer. The thermal comfort index exhibited a clear upward trend annually, reflecting a shift towards warmer and less comfortable conditions due to urbanization. From 1961 to 2020, the annual average thermal comfort index indicated that 36 years(60%) were characterized by hot discomfort, and 24 years(40%) were within the comfortable range. The number of comfortable days per year on the island exhibited a declining trend. Urbanization markedly influenced the thermal comfort levels on the island, contributing to an annual increase in the number of hot discomfort days. However, the reanalysis data did not reflect the actual observed changes in the comfort characteristics on the island.
文摘As complex and diverse ecosystems,cities encounter numerous challenges posed by both nature and humanity.Architecture,serving as the framework and texture of the city,has undoubtedly emerged as a crucial guide in addressing urban resilience issues.Roof greening and vertical greening of buildings,as ecofriendly urban green infrastructures,hold significant potential for mitigating these challenges.This paper explores the methods and strategies for implementing roof greening and vertical greening as solutions to enhance urban resilience.The objective is to offer valuable insights for sustainable urban development,encourage the widespread adoption of these greening techniques in urban construction,and ultimately strengthen urban resilience.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41822104,No.42042027The Chinese Academy of Sciences Basic Frontier Science Research Program from 0 to 1 Original Innovation Project,No.ZDBS-LY-DQC005+2 种基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA23100301The Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.2017072。
文摘Global large-scale urbanization and climate change have become indisputable scientific facts yet are unresolved issues,and are a common concern for mankind.The relationship between these two topics is unclear and it is not known how to deal appropriately at the scientific level with climate change in the process of urbanization.Further exploration of the science,management and practice,are needed to achieve global and regional sustainadevelopment.This paper first considers the basic facts concerning mass urbanization and climate change and summarizes the interactions and possible mechanisms of urbanization and climate change.Urbanization leads to the heat island effect,an uneven distribution of precipitation and extreme weather,together with a local-regional-global multi-scale superposition effect,which aggravates the consequences of global climate change.The impact of climate change on urbanization is mainly manifested in aspects such as changes of energy consumption,mortality,and the spread of infectious diseases,sea level rise,extreme weather damage to infrastructure,and water shortages.This paper also briefly reviews relevant international research programs and action coalitions and puts forward an analysis framework multi-dimensional sustainable urbanization which can adapt to and mitigate climate change,from the perspective of the four key dimensions—population,land use,economy,and society.It is imperative that we strengthen the interdisciplinary activities involving the natural and social sciences,take urbanization and other human activities into consideration of the land-atmosphere system,and explore the human-land-atmosphere coupling process.The adaptation and mitigation from the perspective of human activities,as represented by urbanization,might be the most critical and realistic way to deal with climate change.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41871178,No.41671385,No.41371172
文摘The study of multi-dimensional expansion of urban space(MEUS) addresses the laws of urban spatial expansion from all directions and angles. Using Nanjing as an example,this paper constructs multi-temporal, urban three-dimensional models based on RS and GIS technology and then conducts qualitative and quantitative analysis of MEUS using plot ratio change maps and MEUS quantitative index for built-up areas. Based especially on the concept of volume growth contribution rate, this paper analyzes the characteristics of MEUS in different stages. The results show that in 2000–2004, planar expansion played the main role,the internal potential development(IPD) intensity of the urban built-up areas was relatively large, and the volume growth contribution rate was low; in 2004–2008, planar expansion accelerated, and IPD slowed down; in 2008–2012, planar expansion slowed while IPD intensity increased; the contribution rates of volume growth of urban IPD for the three periods were 22.21%, 24.51% and 73.38%, respectively. This study expands the research perspective of urban spatial expansion, and the adopted methods are instructive and meaningful for MEUS research. In addition, the results of this study will deepen the understanding of MEUS laws and help improve scientific decision-making for urban planning and urban land use management.
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41931293)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42271275).
文摘The rapid population and land urbanization not only promoted economic development but also affected the ecosystem service value(ESV).In the context of new-type urbanization and green development,it’s essential to investigate the impacts of urbanization on ESV in China.However,a comprehensive and dynamic framework to reveal the relationship between ESV and urbanization processes is lacking.This study adopted multi-source datasets to portray China’s urbanization process by integrating population,land,and economic urbanization,eval-uated the ESV changes of 10 categories by gross ecosystem product(GEP)methods,and explored ESV changes within different urbanization scales and speeds.The results showed rapid urbanization in the population,land,and economic dimensions in China,with a faster process of economic urbanization.The ESV also exhibited an increasing trend,with higher levels in the southeastern coastal regions and lower levels in the northwestern regions.Urbanization had positive impacts on ESV across various research units,but the ESV exhibited heteroge-neous changes across different urbanization scales,speeds,and their interactive effects.The response of ESV to dynamic urbanization processes was influenced by socio-economic,ecological,and policy factors;it is essential to combine targeted measures with general ecological product value realization methods in each unit to maximize social-economic-ecological benefits.
基金The National Key Research and Development Project,No.2022YFF1303204。
文摘Enhancing urban ecological resilience(UER)is a new concept for modern tourism-oriented cities to cope with environmental crises.Revealing the impact of the urbanization on UER is critical to the sustainability of urban ecosystems.Taking Zhangjiajie,a typical tourism-oriented city,as an example,urbanization level(UL)and UER evaluation system were constructed,and the change trend was analyzed.The Granger Causality Test model was used to discuss the relationship between UL and UER.The results showed that:(1)the urbanization rate of Zhangjiajie significantly increased by 0.531 from 2011 to 2020.Cili county has the highest UL,and Wulingyuan district including a large number of scenic spots has the fastest development trend.(2)The ecological restoration was more sensitive in the face of rising pressure,and showed a synchronized change trend with pressure.The high pressure in 2016 had the most significant impact on resistance.This effect continued into 2019,with an average decline in resistance of 0.802.(3)The UL has significantly promoted the improvement of urban ecological restoration.Specially,tourism urbanization was the most significant in scenic spots,while economic and social urbanization played a major role in other regions for the improvement of ecological restoration.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42330106。
文摘Dryland regions face complex interactions between urbanization and ecological changes,where effective coordination is essential for enhancing sustainability and resilience.However,most studies concentrate on the national or provincial scales,with insufficient research on county-level coordination,limiting the ability to provide targeted polifrom a precise perspective.This study addresses this gap by analyzing 39 counties within the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin Urban Agglomeration(HBOYUA),a typical dryland urban cluster in China.We use daytime and nighttime remote sensing images to track the spatio-temporal evolution of urbanization and ecological conditions from 1992 to 2023.A novel quantitative framework based on an improved coupling coordination degree(CCD)is proposed to assess their coordination relationship.The results reveal that:(1)Urbanization and ecological quality both exhibited fluctuating upward trends,with spatial heterogeneity increasing for urbanization and decreasing for the eco-environment.Regions with better ecological conditions had higher urbanization levels.(2)The overall coordinated level improved from imbalance(0.36)to low-level coordination(0.55),although its spatial distribution remained uneven,with central urban areas showing higher CCD than surrounding counties.(3)Socioeconomic factors exerted greater effects on CCD than natural factors,with GDP and land surface temperature(LST)playing a significant role in interaction analysis.(4)In western arid regions,urbanization did not necessarily harm ecosystems;instead,ecological conditions improved alongside urbanization.This research offers targeted and valuable references for county and city governments in resource allocation and sustainable development.The proposed methodology is also adaptable for urban resilience studies in other regions.
文摘The ancient tacit knowledge behind the logic system permeated the culture and promoted numerous impactful inventions throughout the history. Traditional Chinese medicine with its effectiveness should also have stemmed out from such logic system. This article aims to rearticulate the underlying lucid multi-dimensional logic system, which faded in obscurity only because of time-out loss of the mid-right concept. Retracing this past tacit but important concept could uncover a multi-dimensional system over a point relating to all matters while capturing the central core of the matter. The seemingly unmanageable multidimensional logic was strengthened by verification processes which affirmed its further extensions, and made up the language of the people, the concepts of yin-yang(阴阳), and the development of extensions of Ba Gua(八卦) derivatives, which furthered the interpretation of the space-time properties and Chinese medicine.
基金supported by CUHK Strategic Impact Enhancement Fund(project no.3135536)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023B1515020029).
文摘Urbanization’s impact on pre-monsoon extreme rainfall in the Greater Bay Area(GBA),coastal South China(SC),and its relation to different synoptic systems remains understudied.This research investigates urbanization effects on premonsoon rainfall using hourly station observations and Weather Research and Forecasting model with the Single Layer Urban Canopy Model(WRF-SLUCM)simulations.Observations show stronger pre-monsoon extreme rainfall in GBA cities than surrounding rural areas,with the urban heat island(UHI)intensifying the urban rainfall intensity and probability.Extreme cases were classified into frontal and shear-line warm-sector types.Enhanced urban rainfall due to UHI was more pronounced under shear-line and warm-sector systems.Four frontal and four shear-line cases were dynamically downscaled using WRF-SLUCM,and four parallel experiments were conducted:“Nourban”(urban areas replaced by cropland),“AH0”,“AH100”,and“AH300”[normal land use,with the diurnal maximum anthropogenic heat(AH)set to 0,100,and 300 W m^(−2)in SLUCM,respectively].In frontal cases,significantly reduced urban rainfall in AH0 is due to decreased(enhanced)surface evaporation(wind divergence)in cities compared to cropland.Strong northerly winds and cold-air intrusion suppress the UHI in AH0 and AH100 during the rainfall process;enhanced urban rainfall occurs only in AH300.In contrast,for shear-line cases,urban friction and UHI promote local convection and wind convergence,increasing urban rainfall significantly in all urban experiments compared to Nourban.Overall,urbanization’s influence on SC’s premonsoon extreme rainfall is highly sensitive to the type of synoptic systems,necessitating further investigation of urban rainfall in this season.
基金the financial support from the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(grant no.2021GXNSFDA075012,2023GXNSFGA026002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104298,22075073,52362027,52462029)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(531107051077).
文摘Stress accumulation is a key factor leading to sodium storage performance deterioration for NiSe_(2)-based anodes.Therefore,inhibiting the concentrated local stress during the sodiataion/desodiation process is crucial for acquiring stable NiSe2-based materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),Herein,a stress dissipation strategy driven by architecture engineering is proposed,which can achieve ultrafast and ultralong sodium storage properties.Different from the conventional sphere-like or rod-like architecture,the three-dimensional(3D)flower-like NiSe_(2)@C composite is delicately designed and assembled with onedimensional nanorods and carbon framework.More importantly,the fundamental mechanism of improved structure stability is unveiled by simulations and experimental results simultaneously.It demonstrates that this designed multidimensional flower-like architecture with dispersed nanorods can balance the structural mismatch,avoid concentrated local strain,and relax the internal stress,mainly induced by the unavoidable volume variation during the repeated conversion processes.Moreover,it can provide more Na^(+)-storage sites and multi-directional migration pathways,leading to a fast Na^(+)-migration channel with boosted reaction kinetic.As expected,it delivers superior rate performance(441 mA h g^(-1)at 5.0 A g^(-1))and long cycling stability(563 mA h g^(-1)at 1.0 A g^(-1)over 1000 cycles)for SIBs.This work provides useful insights for designing high-performance conversion-based anode materials for SIBs.
文摘In sharp contrast to Western urbanization models, the distinctive feature of China's rapid urbanization lies in the production of space. This is not only a crucial entry point for comprehending China's urbanization path but also provides a new orientation for global urban studies.
文摘This paper explores whole-process engineering consulting,including its application models in public buildings and elderly-friendly projects,such as service integration and whole lifecycle management.It also addresses the construction of multi-dimensional collaborative theoretical models,public space streamline organization,and other aspects,emphasizing the importance of multi-dimensional collaboration.Additionally,it highlights the role of talent cultivation and digital transformation in enhancing project efficiency.
基金Natural Resources Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,No.CHZX-2023-45The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA23100201+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42261144746Graduate Students’Research&Innovation Fund of Inner Mongolia Normal University,No.CXJJB22012Fundamental Research Funds for the Inner Mongolia Normal University,No.2022JBXC017。
文摘A comprehensive understanding of urbanization impacts on landscape dynamics,eco-environmental consequences,and advancements in human habitation is paramount for effectively advancing urbanization-related sustainable development goals.This study predicted the urbanization process within the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Ulanqab(HBOU)region and its projected implications for ecology,human settlement,and energy consumption in 2020–2050 using multi-source data and models under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs).The results revealed that the HBOU region's urban area grew by 624.66 km~2 between 1990 and 2020.By 2050,it is expected to reach 1793.49±169.30 km~2,mainly expanding into cropland(58.95%)and natural ecological land(31.79%).Urban greening is projected to enhance,with the highest urban green space(UGS)predicted under SSP1(32.42%).Under this scenario,the per capita urban area(PCUA)and per capita urban green space area(PCUGA)are projected to reach 172.66 and 55.63 m~2/person in 2050,respectively.Furthermore,the ecological and energy utilization impacts are anticipated to decrease by 3.99%to 37.52%relative to alternative scenarios.Our projections suggest that limiting urbanization area in the HBOU region to 1500–1600 km~2 would significantly enhance the settlement environment and mitigate ecological and energy consumption effects.These results guide urban strategies balancing ecology,energy use,and habitation in arid regions.
文摘This study examines the impact of urbanization on the Surface Urban Heat Island(SUHI)effect in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region(BMR)over a 36-year period,utilizing advanced machine learning techniques to assess changes in land use and land cover(LULC).The research addresses three key questions:(1)How have changes in LULC influenced the dynamics of the urban heat island(UHI)effect in the BMR?(2)What roles do green and blue infrastructure play in mitigating urban heat?(3)How effectively can machine learning models classify LULC changes and provide insights to support sustainable urban planning?The findings reveal a strong correlation between urban growth and increased land surface temperatures(LST),with parks and water bodies exhibiting lower LSTs,emphasizing the importance of green and blue infrastructure in mitigating urban heat.The SUHI effect,initially measured at 3℃ from 1988 to 1991,peaked at 4.8℃ between 2012 and 2019 before slightly declining to 4.1℃ in recent years due to urban greening initiatives.However,ongoing urban development continues to diminish green spaces and water bodies,underscoring the urgent need for sustainable urban planning.Economic factors,including the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis and land tax laws introduced in 2019,influenced land use patterns,further exacerbating the SUHI effect.The research highlights the necessity of integrated urban management and sustainable land use policies to enhance climate resilience in rapidly urbanizing regions like the BMR.
文摘The multi-dimensional interactive teaching model significantly enhances the effectiveness of college English instruction by emphasizing dynamic engagement between teachers and students,as well as among students themselves.This paper explores practical strategies for implementing this model,focusing on four key aspects:deepening teachers’understanding of the model through continuous learning,innovating interactive methods such as questioning techniques and practical activities,leveraging modern technology to integrate resources and track learning progress,and establishing a communication platform that centers on student participation.By adopting these approaches,the model fosters a student-centered classroom environment,improves comprehensive English application skills,and optimizes overall teaching quality.
文摘At its core,Urbanization and Production of Space provides a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationship between urbanization and the production of space,particularly within the rapidly evolving context of China's urban transformation.As one of the most populous and dynamically urbanizing nations,China serves as a compelling case for understanding the broader global implications of spatial restructuring.
基金Sponsored by the Quality Engineering Project of Education Department of Anhui Province(2022jyxm671)Research Team Project of Anhui Xinhua University(kytd202202)+1 种基金Key Project of Scientific Research(Natural Science)of Higher Education Institutions in Anhui Province(2022AH051861)Teaching Reform Research and Practice Quality Engineering Project of Anhui Xinhua University(2024jy035).
文摘During the critical transformation period of landscape architecture major after the adjustment of disciplinary structure and the changes in market demand,private colleges and universities,as important places for cultivating local talents,have pain points such as uneven quality of teachers and students and weak innovation and practice.The practice system with“multi-dimensional Integration”integrates four dimensions:interdisciplinary integration,spatial and temporal intersection,historical inheritance,and behavioral activity,deepens the disciplinary connotation,and integrates the three elements of nature,humanity,and technology,aiming to provide a new path for private colleges and universities to cultivate application-oriented and compound talents with innovative capabilities.In terms of optimizing talent cultivation and adapting to industry changes,this system provides thinking and reference for landscape architecture major,helping the major reshape its core competitiveness and promoting educational innovation and industry development.
