With the continuous upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries and the rapid rise of emerging technology fields,the performance requirements for the permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)have become higher ...With the continuous upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries and the rapid rise of emerging technology fields,the performance requirements for the permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)have become higher and higher.The importance of fast and accurate electromagnetic thermal coupling analysis of such motors becomes more and more prominent.In view of this,the surfacemounted PMSM(SPMSM)equipped with unequally thick magnetic poles is taken as the main object and its electromagnetic thermal coupling analytical model(ETc AM)is investigated.First,the electromagnetic analytical model(EAM)is studied based on the modified subdomain method.It realizes the fast calculation of key electromagnetic characteristics.Subsequently,the 3D thermal analytical model(TAM)is developed by combining the EAM,the lumped parameter thermal network method(LPTNM),and the partial differential equation of heat flux.It realizes the fast calculation of key thermal characteristics in 3D space.Further,the information transfer channel between EAM and TAM is built with reference to the intrinsic connection between electromagnetic field and temperature field.Thereby,the novel ETcAM is proposed to realize the fast and accurate prediction of electromagnetic and temperature fields.Besides,ETcAM has a lot to commend it.One is that it well accounts for the complex structure,saturation,and heat exchange behavior.Second,it saves a lot of computer resources.It offers boundless possibilities for initial design,scheme evaluation,and optimization of motors.Finally,the validity,accuracy,and practicality of this study are verified by simulation and experiment.展开更多
This study examines the influence of magnetic field and temperature on the transient voltage of a polycrystalline silicon radial junction solar cell in a dynamic regime under multispectral illumination. Radial junctio...This study examines the influence of magnetic field and temperature on the transient voltage of a polycrystalline silicon radial junction solar cell in a dynamic regime under multispectral illumination. Radial junction solar cells represent a major advancement in photovoltaic technologies, as they optimize light absorption and charge collection efficiency. The focus is on the impact of the magnetic field and temperature on the decay of transient voltage, which provides crucial information on recombination processes and the lifetime of minority carriers. The results reveal that the magnetic field tends to increase the transient voltage by directly affecting the transient electron density. Indeed, for B > 7 × 10−5 T, the magnetic field prolongs the relaxation time by increasing the transient voltage amplitude. Additionally, rising temperatures accelerate (ranging from 290 K to 450 K) recombination processes, thereby reducing the transient voltage, although this effect is moderated by the presence of a magnetic field. The study highlights the complex interaction between magnetic field and temperature, with significant impacts on the transient behaviour.展开更多
In the electroslag remelting(ESR)process,it mainly relies on thermal experiments or analysis via mechanistic models to realize the physical fields simulation of the electromagnetic field and temperature field coupled ...In the electroslag remelting(ESR)process,it mainly relies on thermal experiments or analysis via mechanistic models to realize the physical fields simulation of the electromagnetic field and temperature field coupled transfer,which has the limitations of high cost,a large amount of calculating data and high computing power requirements.A novel network based on physics-informed neural network(PINN)was designed to realize the fast and high-fidelity prediction of the distribution of electromagnetic field and temperature field in ESR process.The physical laws were combined with the deep learning network through PINN,and physical constraints were embedded to achieve effective solution of partial differential equations(PDEs).PINN was used to minimize the loss function consisting of data error,physical information error and boundary condition error.The physical laws and boundary condition constraints in the ESR process were considered to maintain high PDE solution accuracy under different spatial and temporal resolutions.Automatic differentiation(Autodiff)technique and gradient descent algorithm were used to optimize the network parameters.The experimental results show that compared with the mechanistic models,PINN can effectively replace thermal experiments to realize the physical field simulation of ESR process with only a few experimental data,which can avoid the disadvantages of pure data-driven network simulation that requires a large amount of training data.Moreover,the solution of PINN has good physical interpretability and reliability of simulation results.For simulating electromagnetic field and temperature field distribution,the training time of the network is only 140 and 203 s,and the regression indicators of root mean square error can reach 12.65 and 13.76,respectively.展开更多
The accessory gearbox is a vital component of aviation engines, and its power loss, flow characteristics, and temperature distribution significantly influence engine performance, particularly under high-temperature an...The accessory gearbox is a vital component of aviation engines, and its power loss, flow characteristics, and temperature distribution significantly influence engine performance, particularly under high-temperature and high-speed conditions. However, research on the thermal and flow characteristics of entire transmission systems remains limited. This study presents a mathematical model designed to evaluate power loss and heat generation within the transmission system of an accessory gearbox. The Moving Particle Semi-Implicit(MPS) method, a Lagrangian numerical technique for fluid dynamics, was utilized to calculate the flow field of the gearbox and determine the surface convective heat transfer coefficient under stable flow conditions. Subsequently, a three-dimensional finite element thermal network method was employed to calculate the gearbox temperature distribution. This method captures detailed temperature fields of key components while estimating other components using lumped parameters, effectively balancing accuracy and efficiency in temperature field calculations. The results indicate that rotational speed has a greater impact on total power loss than the oil inlet temperature. The bevel gears, which are responsible for power input, along with the input shaft bearings, are the primary contributors to power loss, collectively accounting for nearly 50% of the total power loss. This research introduces a predictive method for examining the thermal and flow characteristics of aviation transmission systems, facilitating rapid forecasting of the flow field, temperature distribution, and power consumption.展开更多
With the intelligent transformation of process manufacturing,accurate and comprehensive perception information is fundamental for application of artificial intelligence methods.In zinc smelting,the fluidized bed roast...With the intelligent transformation of process manufacturing,accurate and comprehensive perception information is fundamental for application of artificial intelligence methods.In zinc smelting,the fluidized bed roaster is a key piece of large-scale equipment and plays a critical role in the manufacturing industry;its internal temperature field directly determines the quality of zinc calcine and other related products.However,due to its vast spatial dimensions,the limited observation methods,and the complex multiphase,multifield coupled reaction atmosphere inside it,accurately and timely perceiving its temperature field remains a significant challenge.To address these challenges,a spatial-temporal reduced-order model(STROM)is proposed,which can realize fast and accurate temperature field perception based on sparse observation data.Specifically,to address the difficulty in matching the initial physical field with the sparse observation data,an initial field construction based on data assimilation(IFCDA)method is proposed to ensure that the initial conditions of the model can be matched with the actual operation state,which provides a basis for constructing a high-precision computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model.Then,to address the high simulation cost of high-precision CFD models under full working conditions,a high uniformity(HU)-orthogonal test design(OTD)method with the centered L2 deviation is innovatively proposed to ensure high information coverage of the temperature field dataset under typical working conditions in terms of multiple factors and levels of the component,feed,and blast parameters.Finally,to address the difficulty in real-time and accurate temperature field prediction,considering the spatial correlation between the observed temperature and the temperature field,as well as the dynamic correlation of the observed temperature in the time dimension,a spatial-temporal predictive model(STPM)is established,which realizes rapid prediction of the temperature field through sparse observa-tion data.To verify the accuracy and validity of the proposed method,CFD model validation and reduced-order model prediction experiments are designed,and the results show that the proposed method can realize high-precision and fast prediction of the roaster temperature field under different working conditions through sparse observation data.Compared with the CFD model,the prediction root-mean-square error(RMSE)of STROM is less than 0.038,and the computational efficiency is improved by 3.4184×10^(4)times.In particular,STROM also has a good prediction ability for unmodeled conditions,with a prediction RMSE of less than 0.1089.展开更多
To address the issue of uneven temperature distribution in shale gas oil-based drill cuttings pyrolysis furnaces,a numerical model was developed using Fluent software.The effects of nitrogen flow rate,heating tube spa...To address the issue of uneven temperature distribution in shale gas oil-based drill cuttings pyrolysis furnaces,a numerical model was developed using Fluent software.The effects of nitrogen flow rate,heating tube spacing,and furnace dimensions on the internal temperature field were thoroughly analyzed from a mechanistic perspective.The results indicated that non-uniform radiation from the heating tubes and flow disturbances induced by the nitrogen stream were the primary causes of localized heat concentration.Under no-load conditions,the maximum deviation between simulated and on-site measured temperatures was 1.5%,validating the model’s accuracy.Further-more,this study investigated the trade-offs between temperature uniformity,energy consumption,and construction costs.The findings provide a crucial design basis and a reliable simulation platform for developing and optimizing pyrolysis equipment.展开更多
In the industrial roller kiln,the time-delay characteristic in heat transfer causes the temperature field to be affected by both the current and historical temperature states.It presents a poor control performance and...In the industrial roller kiln,the time-delay characteristic in heat transfer causes the temperature field to be affected by both the current and historical temperature states.It presents a poor control performance and brings a significant challenge to the process precise control.Considering high complexity of precise modeling,a data-driven time-delay optimal control method for temperature field of roller kiln is proposed based on a large amount of process data.First,the control challenges and problem description brought by time-delay are demonstrated,where the cost function for the time-delay partial differential equation system is constructed.To obtain the optimal control law,the policy iteration in adaptive dynamic programming is adopted to design the time-delay temperature field controller,and neural network is used for the critic network in policy iteration to approximate the optimal time-delay cost function.The closed-loop system stability is proved by designing the Lyapunov function which contains the time-delay information.Finally,through establishing the time-delay temperature field model for roller kiln,the effectiveness and convergence of the proposed method is verified and proved.展开更多
Optical temperature sensor materials face great challenges in terms of temperature measurement sensitivity and applicability in extreme environments.To overcome these problems,Er^(3+)∕Yb^(3+)co-doped La_(2)O_(3)-TiO_...Optical temperature sensor materials face great challenges in terms of temperature measurement sensitivity and applicability in extreme environments.To overcome these problems,Er^(3+)∕Yb^(3+)co-doped La_(2)O_(3)-TiO_(2)-Ga_(2)O_(3)-ZrO_(2)(LTGZ)glasses were designed and synthesized using the aerodynamic levitation method.In the glass system,the strongest intensity of upconversion luminescence was measured on 3.0Yb^(3+)∕0.5Er^(3+)(mole fraction)co-doped LTGZ glasses.In the temperature range of 300 to 700 K,the maximum relative and absolute sensitivities were 2.71%and 0.56%K^(−1),respectively.The temperature reliability was proved through variable temperature cycling tests.More importantly,to our knowledge,it is the first time to investigate the optical temperature measurement capability under a high magnetic field in this as-designed sensor.By applying the magnetic field up to 42 T,the relative sensitivity changes from 1.79%to 1.58%K^(−1),revealing that the temperature sensitivity of the sensor remains stable even in high magnetic fields.The results of the study provide a reference for the selection of temperature measurement materials in the field of optical temperature sensing,and the designed temperature sensor can be used for temperature measurement in extreme environments,especially in strong magnetic field conditions,which provides an important value for the development of special optical temperature sensors.展开更多
Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 alloy to 304 stainless steel （STS） using a copper filler metal was carried out. The temperature fields and stress distributions in the Ti/Fe and Ti/Cu/Fe joint during the welding pro...Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 alloy to 304 stainless steel （STS） using a copper filler metal was carried out. The temperature fields and stress distributions in the Ti/Fe and Ti/Cu/Fe joint during the welding process were numerically simulated and experimentally measured. The results show that the rotated parabola body heat source is fit for the simulation of the electron beam welding. The temperature distribution is asymmetric along the weld center and the temperature in the titanium alloy plate is higher than that in the 304 STS plate. The thermal stress also appears to be in asymmetric distribution. The residual tensile stress mainly exists in the weld at the 304 STS side. The copper filler metal decreases the peak temperature and temperature grade in the joint as well as the residual stress. The longitudinal and lateral residual tensile strengths reduce by 66 MPa and 31 MPa, respectively. From the temperature and residual stress, it is concluded that copper is a good filler metal candidate for the electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel.展开更多
A mathematical model is developed for simulating the heat transferring behavior in a direct metal laser sintering process. The model considers the thermal phenomena involved in the process, including conduction, radia...A mathematical model is developed for simulating the heat transferring behavior in a direct metal laser sintering process. The model considers the thermal phenomena involved in the process, including conduction, radiation, and convection. A formula for the calculation of the heat conductivity of a sintering system containing solid phase, liquid phase, and gas phase is given. Due to the continuous movement of the laser beam, a local coordinate system centered on the laser beam is used to simplify the analytical calculation. Assuming that it is approximately a Gaussian laser beam, the heat conduction equation is resolved based on the assumption of the thermal insulating boundary conditions and the fixed thermal physical parameters. The FORTRAN language is employed to compile the program to simulate the temperature field in the direct copper powder sintering process. It shows a good agreement with the preliminary experimental results.[KH3/4D]展开更多
Aim To analyse the static temperature field ofthe solid rubber tire(SRT).Methods The mechanical and thermal FE models were developed and analyzed respectively with the FE software ANSYS.Results The maximum temperature...Aim To analyse the static temperature field ofthe solid rubber tire(SRT).Methods The mechanical and thermal FE models were developed and analyzed respectively with the FE software ANSYS.Results The maximum temperature becomes higher with the higher with the higher velocity of tire and scales down slightly with the higher convection coefficients.The mixed models are reasonable.Conclusion The study on static temperature field is important and reasonable.It gives the fundament for life analysis of SRT.展开更多
The solar temperature field of a large three-span continuous bridge with steel-concrete composite box girder and variable cross-section is measured to verify a calculation method for the temperature field of steel-con...The solar temperature field of a large three-span continuous bridge with steel-concrete composite box girder and variable cross-section is measured to verify a calculation method for the temperature field of steel-concrete composite beams. The test results show that the temperature of an external steel web- plate is higher than that of an internal web-plate due to the difference in solar radiation. Air temperature inside the box matches the average temperature of the whole steel box. Based on actual measurements, a transient thermal analysis with multiple boundary conditions is also carried out by a software program ANSYS. Convective boundary situation and states of solar radiation on steel web plates in different situations are determined in the analysis. The feature of the temperature field is preliminarily achieved through a comparative study between the actual measurement and the finite element analysis. The computed results are in good consistence with the actual measurement results, with the maximum difference within 2 ℃. This indicates that the theoretical calculation method is reliable and it provides a foundation for further research on temperature field distribution in the steel-concrete composite box girder.展开更多
In the analysis of functionally graded materials （FGMs）, the uncoupled approach is used broadly, which is based on homogenized material property and ignores the effect Of local micro-structural interaction. The high...In the analysis of functionally graded materials （FGMs）, the uncoupled approach is used broadly, which is based on homogenized material property and ignores the effect Of local micro-structural interaction. The higher-order theory for FGMs （HOTFGM） is a coupled approach that explicitly takes the effect of micro-structural gradation and the local interaction of the spatially variable inclusion phase into account. Based on the HOTFGM, this article presents a quadrilateral element-based method for the calculation of multi-scale temperature field （QTF）. In this method, the discrete cells are quadrilateral including rectangular while the surface-averaged quantities are the primary variables which replace the coefficients employed in the temperature function. In contrast with the HOTFGM, this method improves the efficiency, eliminates the restriction of being rectangular cells and expands the solution scale. The presented results illustrate the efficiency of the QTF and its advantages in analyzing FGMs.展开更多
H13 powder is cladded on steel P20 （base） by continuous COe laser, and the influence of technological pa rameters such as the laser power is analyzed. The 3-D model of synchronous powder feeding is built under Gauss...H13 powder is cladded on steel P20 （base） by continuous COe laser, and the influence of technological pa rameters such as the laser power is analyzed. The 3-D model of synchronous powder feeding is built under Gauss heat source. The simulative results in the heat affected zone are compared with the experimental ones, and the average er rors of width and depth are 15% and 4.5%, respectively. It is found that the simulative results provide basic data for investigating of laser cladding further.展开更多
A mathematical model was established for the temperature field developed during high frequency induction heating （HFIH） by Maxwell＇s equations. It required solving the coupled equations of the electromagnetic and t...A mathematical model was established for the temperature field developed during high frequency induction heating （HFIH） by Maxwell＇s equations. It required solving the coupled equations of the electromagnetic and temperature fields. The numerical simudation was performed using FEMLAB. The comparison of the calculations using the proposed model with experimental results showed a very good correlation. The effects of the heating parameters in high frequency induction such as the distance between the plate and the coil, the applied current, the frequency, and the turns of the coil on the temperature profiles developed in the plate were also discussed using the established model.展开更多
Complicated changns occur inside the steel parts during quenching process. The abruptly changed boundary conditions make the temperature field,micro - structure and stress field change dramatically in very short ti...Complicated changns occur inside the steel parts during quenching process. The abruptly changed boundary conditions make the temperature field,micro - structure and stress field change dramatically in very short time, and these variables take a contact interactions in the whole process. In this paper, a three dimensional non - linear mathematical model for queeching process has been founded and the numerical simulation on temperature field,microstructre and stress field has been realized.In the FEM analysis, the incremental iteration method is used to deal with such complicated nonlinear as boundary nonlinear, physical property nonlinear,transformation nonlinear etc.The effect of stress on transformation kinetics has been considered in the calculation of microstructure. In the stress field anal- ysis,a thermo- elasto - plastic model has been founded, which considers such factors as transforma- tion strain,transformation plastic strain, themal strain and the effect of temperature and transforma- tion on mechanical propertier etc. The transient temperature field, microstructure distribution and stress field of the roller on any time can be displayed vividly,and the cooling curve and the changes of stress on any position can also be given.展开更多
To improve the mechanical properties of the parts fabricated by Laser Direct Metal Shaping(LDMS),it is of great significance to understand the distribution regularities of transient temperature field during LDMS proce...To improve the mechanical properties of the parts fabricated by Laser Direct Metal Shaping(LDMS),it is of great significance to understand the distribution regularities of transient temperature field during LDMS process.Based on the“el- ement birth and death”technique of finite element method,a three-dimensional multi-track and multi-layer model for the transient temperature field analysis of LDMS is developed by ANSYS Parametric Design Language(APDL)for the first time.In the fab- ricated modal,X-direction parallel reciprocating scanning paths is introduced.Using the same process parameters,the simulation results show good agreement with the microstructure features of samples which fabricated by LDMS.展开更多
Based on the thermal conduction equations, the three-dimensional （3D） temperature field of a work roll was investigated using finite element method （FEM）. The variations in the surface temperature of the work roll...Based on the thermal conduction equations, the three-dimensional （3D） temperature field of a work roll was investigated using finite element method （FEM）. The variations in the surface temperature of the work roll during hot strip rolling were described, and the thermal stress field of the work roll was also analyzed. The results showed that the highest roll surface temperature is 593 ℃, and the difference between the minimum and maximum values of thermal stress of the work roll surface is 145.7 MPa. Furthermore, the results of this analysis indicate that temperature and thermal stress are useful parameters for the investigation of roll thermal fatigue and also for improving the quality of strip during rolling.展开更多
To study the distribution characteristics and variation regularity of the temperature field during the process of seepage freezing,a simulated-freezing test with seepage of Xuzhou sand was completed by using a model t...To study the distribution characteristics and variation regularity of the temperature field during the process of seepage freezing,a simulated-freezing test with seepage of Xuzhou sand was completed by using a model test developed in-house equipment.By means of three group freezing tests with different seepage velocities,we discovered the phenomenon of the asymmetry of the temperature field under the influence of seepage.The temperature upstream was obviously higher than that downstream.The temperature gradient upstream was also steeper than that downstream.With a higher seepage velocity,the asymmetry of the temperature field is more pronounced.The asymmetry for the interface temperature profile is more strongly manifest than for the main surface temperature profile.The cryogenic barrier section is somewhat"heartshaped".With the increasing velocity of the seepage flow,the cooling rate of the soil decreases.It takes much time to reach the equilibrium state of the soil mass.In our study,seepage flow velocities of 0 m/d,7.5 m/d,and 15 m/d showed the soilcooling rate of 4.35°C/h,4.96°C/h,and 1.72°C/h,respectively.展开更多
基金supported by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52077122。
文摘With the continuous upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries and the rapid rise of emerging technology fields,the performance requirements for the permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)have become higher and higher.The importance of fast and accurate electromagnetic thermal coupling analysis of such motors becomes more and more prominent.In view of this,the surfacemounted PMSM(SPMSM)equipped with unequally thick magnetic poles is taken as the main object and its electromagnetic thermal coupling analytical model(ETc AM)is investigated.First,the electromagnetic analytical model(EAM)is studied based on the modified subdomain method.It realizes the fast calculation of key electromagnetic characteristics.Subsequently,the 3D thermal analytical model(TAM)is developed by combining the EAM,the lumped parameter thermal network method(LPTNM),and the partial differential equation of heat flux.It realizes the fast calculation of key thermal characteristics in 3D space.Further,the information transfer channel between EAM and TAM is built with reference to the intrinsic connection between electromagnetic field and temperature field.Thereby,the novel ETcAM is proposed to realize the fast and accurate prediction of electromagnetic and temperature fields.Besides,ETcAM has a lot to commend it.One is that it well accounts for the complex structure,saturation,and heat exchange behavior.Second,it saves a lot of computer resources.It offers boundless possibilities for initial design,scheme evaluation,and optimization of motors.Finally,the validity,accuracy,and practicality of this study are verified by simulation and experiment.
文摘This study examines the influence of magnetic field and temperature on the transient voltage of a polycrystalline silicon radial junction solar cell in a dynamic regime under multispectral illumination. Radial junction solar cells represent a major advancement in photovoltaic technologies, as they optimize light absorption and charge collection efficiency. The focus is on the impact of the magnetic field and temperature on the decay of transient voltage, which provides crucial information on recombination processes and the lifetime of minority carriers. The results reveal that the magnetic field tends to increase the transient voltage by directly affecting the transient electron density. Indeed, for B > 7 × 10−5 T, the magnetic field prolongs the relaxation time by increasing the transient voltage amplitude. Additionally, rising temperatures accelerate (ranging from 290 K to 450 K) recombination processes, thereby reducing the transient voltage, although this effect is moderated by the presence of a magnetic field. The study highlights the complex interaction between magnetic field and temperature, with significant impacts on the transient behaviour.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52274323 and 524743495)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZC20240231.
文摘In the electroslag remelting(ESR)process,it mainly relies on thermal experiments or analysis via mechanistic models to realize the physical fields simulation of the electromagnetic field and temperature field coupled transfer,which has the limitations of high cost,a large amount of calculating data and high computing power requirements.A novel network based on physics-informed neural network(PINN)was designed to realize the fast and high-fidelity prediction of the distribution of electromagnetic field and temperature field in ESR process.The physical laws were combined with the deep learning network through PINN,and physical constraints were embedded to achieve effective solution of partial differential equations(PDEs).PINN was used to minimize the loss function consisting of data error,physical information error and boundary condition error.The physical laws and boundary condition constraints in the ESR process were considered to maintain high PDE solution accuracy under different spatial and temporal resolutions.Automatic differentiation(Autodiff)technique and gradient descent algorithm were used to optimize the network parameters.The experimental results show that compared with the mechanistic models,PINN can effectively replace thermal experiments to realize the physical field simulation of ESR process with only a few experimental data,which can avoid the disadvantages of pure data-driven network simulation that requires a large amount of training data.Moreover,the solution of PINN has good physical interpretability and reliability of simulation results.For simulating electromagnetic field and temperature field distribution,the training time of the network is only 140 and 203 s,and the regression indicators of root mean square error can reach 12.65 and 13.76,respectively.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U2141247, 52322504)Chongqing Graduate Research Innovation Project (Grant No. CYB23023)。
文摘The accessory gearbox is a vital component of aviation engines, and its power loss, flow characteristics, and temperature distribution significantly influence engine performance, particularly under high-temperature and high-speed conditions. However, research on the thermal and flow characteristics of entire transmission systems remains limited. This study presents a mathematical model designed to evaluate power loss and heat generation within the transmission system of an accessory gearbox. The Moving Particle Semi-Implicit(MPS) method, a Lagrangian numerical technique for fluid dynamics, was utilized to calculate the flow field of the gearbox and determine the surface convective heat transfer coefficient under stable flow conditions. Subsequently, a three-dimensional finite element thermal network method was employed to calculate the gearbox temperature distribution. This method captures detailed temperature fields of key components while estimating other components using lumped parameters, effectively balancing accuracy and efficiency in temperature field calculations. The results indicate that rotational speed has a greater impact on total power loss than the oil inlet temperature. The bevel gears, which are responsible for power input, along with the input shaft bearings, are the primary contributors to power loss, collectively accounting for nearly 50% of the total power loss. This research introduces a predictive method for examining the thermal and flow characteristics of aviation transmission systems, facilitating rapid forecasting of the flow field, temperature distribution, and power consumption.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3304900)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62394340 and 62073340)in part by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2022JJ10083).
文摘With the intelligent transformation of process manufacturing,accurate and comprehensive perception information is fundamental for application of artificial intelligence methods.In zinc smelting,the fluidized bed roaster is a key piece of large-scale equipment and plays a critical role in the manufacturing industry;its internal temperature field directly determines the quality of zinc calcine and other related products.However,due to its vast spatial dimensions,the limited observation methods,and the complex multiphase,multifield coupled reaction atmosphere inside it,accurately and timely perceiving its temperature field remains a significant challenge.To address these challenges,a spatial-temporal reduced-order model(STROM)is proposed,which can realize fast and accurate temperature field perception based on sparse observation data.Specifically,to address the difficulty in matching the initial physical field with the sparse observation data,an initial field construction based on data assimilation(IFCDA)method is proposed to ensure that the initial conditions of the model can be matched with the actual operation state,which provides a basis for constructing a high-precision computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model.Then,to address the high simulation cost of high-precision CFD models under full working conditions,a high uniformity(HU)-orthogonal test design(OTD)method with the centered L2 deviation is innovatively proposed to ensure high information coverage of the temperature field dataset under typical working conditions in terms of multiple factors and levels of the component,feed,and blast parameters.Finally,to address the difficulty in real-time and accurate temperature field prediction,considering the spatial correlation between the observed temperature and the temperature field,as well as the dynamic correlation of the observed temperature in the time dimension,a spatial-temporal predictive model(STPM)is established,which realizes rapid prediction of the temperature field through sparse observa-tion data.To verify the accuracy and validity of the proposed method,CFD model validation and reduced-order model prediction experiments are designed,and the results show that the proposed method can realize high-precision and fast prediction of the roaster temperature field under different working conditions through sparse observation data.Compared with the CFD model,the prediction root-mean-square error(RMSE)of STROM is less than 0.038,and the computational efficiency is improved by 3.4184×10^(4)times.In particular,STROM also has a good prediction ability for unmodeled conditions,with a prediction RMSE of less than 0.1089.
基金funded by the key research on industrialization technologies of low-cost highenergy-density cathode materials(project number:2023GY008)the Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Program(project number:2024NSFSC1406).
文摘To address the issue of uneven temperature distribution in shale gas oil-based drill cuttings pyrolysis furnaces,a numerical model was developed using Fluent software.The effects of nitrogen flow rate,heating tube spacing,and furnace dimensions on the internal temperature field were thoroughly analyzed from a mechanistic perspective.The results indicated that non-uniform radiation from the heating tubes and flow disturbances induced by the nitrogen stream were the primary causes of localized heat concentration.Under no-load conditions,the maximum deviation between simulated and on-site measured temperatures was 1.5%,validating the model’s accuracy.Further-more,this study investigated the trade-offs between temperature uniformity,energy consumption,and construction costs.The findings provide a crucial design basis and a reliable simulation platform for developing and optimizing pyrolysis equipment.
基金supported in part by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(62033014)the Application Projects of Integrated Standardization and New Paradigm for Intelligent Manufacturing from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China in 2016the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(2021zzts0700).
文摘In the industrial roller kiln,the time-delay characteristic in heat transfer causes the temperature field to be affected by both the current and historical temperature states.It presents a poor control performance and brings a significant challenge to the process precise control.Considering high complexity of precise modeling,a data-driven time-delay optimal control method for temperature field of roller kiln is proposed based on a large amount of process data.First,the control challenges and problem description brought by time-delay are demonstrated,where the cost function for the time-delay partial differential equation system is constructed.To obtain the optimal control law,the policy iteration in adaptive dynamic programming is adopted to design the time-delay temperature field controller,and neural network is used for the critic network in policy iteration to approximate the optimal time-delay cost function.The closed-loop system stability is proved by designing the Lyapunov function which contains the time-delay information.Finally,through establishing the time-delay temperature field model for roller kiln,the effectiveness and convergence of the proposed method is verified and proved.
基金supported by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People’s Republic of China(Grant No.S20240022)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Innovation and Development(Grant No.2025AFD325)the Interdisciplinary Program of Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center(Grant No.WHMFC202129).
文摘Optical temperature sensor materials face great challenges in terms of temperature measurement sensitivity and applicability in extreme environments.To overcome these problems,Er^(3+)∕Yb^(3+)co-doped La_(2)O_(3)-TiO_(2)-Ga_(2)O_(3)-ZrO_(2)(LTGZ)glasses were designed and synthesized using the aerodynamic levitation method.In the glass system,the strongest intensity of upconversion luminescence was measured on 3.0Yb^(3+)∕0.5Er^(3+)(mole fraction)co-doped LTGZ glasses.In the temperature range of 300 to 700 K,the maximum relative and absolute sensitivities were 2.71%and 0.56%K^(−1),respectively.The temperature reliability was proved through variable temperature cycling tests.More importantly,to our knowledge,it is the first time to investigate the optical temperature measurement capability under a high magnetic field in this as-designed sensor.By applying the magnetic field up to 42 T,the relative sensitivity changes from 1.79%to 1.58%K^(−1),revealing that the temperature sensitivity of the sensor remains stable even in high magnetic fields.The results of the study provide a reference for the selection of temperature measurement materials in the field of optical temperature sensing,and the designed temperature sensor can be used for temperature measurement in extreme environments,especially in strong magnetic field conditions,which provides an important value for the development of special optical temperature sensors.
基金Foundation item:Project (2010CB731704) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject (51075189) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 alloy to 304 stainless steel （STS） using a copper filler metal was carried out. The temperature fields and stress distributions in the Ti/Fe and Ti/Cu/Fe joint during the welding process were numerically simulated and experimentally measured. The results show that the rotated parabola body heat source is fit for the simulation of the electron beam welding. The temperature distribution is asymmetric along the weld center and the temperature in the titanium alloy plate is higher than that in the 304 STS plate. The thermal stress also appears to be in asymmetric distribution. The residual tensile stress mainly exists in the weld at the 304 STS side. The copper filler metal decreases the peak temperature and temperature grade in the joint as well as the residual stress. The longitudinal and lateral residual tensile strengths reduce by 66 MPa and 31 MPa, respectively. From the temperature and residual stress, it is concluded that copper is a good filler metal candidate for the electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel.
文摘A mathematical model is developed for simulating the heat transferring behavior in a direct metal laser sintering process. The model considers the thermal phenomena involved in the process, including conduction, radiation, and convection. A formula for the calculation of the heat conductivity of a sintering system containing solid phase, liquid phase, and gas phase is given. Due to the continuous movement of the laser beam, a local coordinate system centered on the laser beam is used to simplify the analytical calculation. Assuming that it is approximately a Gaussian laser beam, the heat conduction equation is resolved based on the assumption of the thermal insulating boundary conditions and the fixed thermal physical parameters. The FORTRAN language is employed to compile the program to simulate the temperature field in the direct copper powder sintering process. It shows a good agreement with the preliminary experimental results.[KH3/4D]
文摘Aim To analyse the static temperature field ofthe solid rubber tire(SRT).Methods The mechanical and thermal FE models were developed and analyzed respectively with the FE software ANSYS.Results The maximum temperature becomes higher with the higher with the higher velocity of tire and scales down slightly with the higher convection coefficients.The mixed models are reasonable.Conclusion The study on static temperature field is important and reasonable.It gives the fundament for life analysis of SRT.
文摘The solar temperature field of a large three-span continuous bridge with steel-concrete composite box girder and variable cross-section is measured to verify a calculation method for the temperature field of steel-concrete composite beams. The test results show that the temperature of an external steel web- plate is higher than that of an internal web-plate due to the difference in solar radiation. Air temperature inside the box matches the average temperature of the whole steel box. Based on actual measurements, a transient thermal analysis with multiple boundary conditions is also carried out by a software program ANSYS. Convective boundary situation and states of solar radiation on steel web plates in different situations are determined in the analysis. The feature of the temperature field is preliminarily achieved through a comparative study between the actual measurement and the finite element analysis. The computed results are in good consistence with the actual measurement results, with the maximum difference within 2 ℃. This indicates that the theoretical calculation method is reliable and it provides a foundation for further research on temperature field distribution in the steel-concrete composite box girder.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (2009ZB52028,05C52013)Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (20070287039)
文摘In the analysis of functionally graded materials （FGMs）, the uncoupled approach is used broadly, which is based on homogenized material property and ignores the effect Of local micro-structural interaction. The higher-order theory for FGMs （HOTFGM） is a coupled approach that explicitly takes the effect of micro-structural gradation and the local interaction of the spatially variable inclusion phase into account. Based on the HOTFGM, this article presents a quadrilateral element-based method for the calculation of multi-scale temperature field （QTF）. In this method, the discrete cells are quadrilateral including rectangular while the surface-averaged quantities are the primary variables which replace the coefficients employed in the temperature function. In contrast with the HOTFGM, this method improves the efficiency, eliminates the restriction of being rectangular cells and expands the solution scale. The presented results illustrate the efficiency of the QTF and its advantages in analyzing FGMs.
基金Item Sponsored by Fund of Office of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province of China(2008C31041)
文摘H13 powder is cladded on steel P20 （base） by continuous COe laser, and the influence of technological pa rameters such as the laser power is analyzed. The 3-D model of synchronous powder feeding is built under Gauss heat source. The simulative results in the heat affected zone are compared with the experimental ones, and the average er rors of width and depth are 15% and 4.5%, respectively. It is found that the simulative results provide basic data for investigating of laser cladding further.
文摘A mathematical model was established for the temperature field developed during high frequency induction heating （HFIH） by Maxwell＇s equations. It required solving the coupled equations of the electromagnetic and temperature fields. The numerical simudation was performed using FEMLAB. The comparison of the calculations using the proposed model with experimental results showed a very good correlation. The effects of the heating parameters in high frequency induction such as the distance between the plate and the coil, the applied current, the frequency, and the turns of the coil on the temperature profiles developed in the plate were also discussed using the established model.
文摘Complicated changns occur inside the steel parts during quenching process. The abruptly changed boundary conditions make the temperature field,micro - structure and stress field change dramatically in very short time, and these variables take a contact interactions in the whole process. In this paper, a three dimensional non - linear mathematical model for queeching process has been founded and the numerical simulation on temperature field,microstructre and stress field has been realized.In the FEM analysis, the incremental iteration method is used to deal with such complicated nonlinear as boundary nonlinear, physical property nonlinear,transformation nonlinear etc.The effect of stress on transformation kinetics has been considered in the calculation of microstructure. In the stress field anal- ysis,a thermo- elasto - plastic model has been founded, which considers such factors as transforma- tion strain,transformation plastic strain, themal strain and the effect of temperature and transforma- tion on mechanical propertier etc. The transient temperature field, microstructure distribution and stress field of the roller on any time can be displayed vividly,and the cooling curve and the changes of stress on any position can also be given.
文摘To improve the mechanical properties of the parts fabricated by Laser Direct Metal Shaping(LDMS),it is of great significance to understand the distribution regularities of transient temperature field during LDMS process.Based on the“el- ement birth and death”technique of finite element method,a three-dimensional multi-track and multi-layer model for the transient temperature field analysis of LDMS is developed by ANSYS Parametric Design Language(APDL)for the first time.In the fab- ricated modal,X-direction parallel reciprocating scanning paths is introduced.Using the same process parameters,the simulation results show good agreement with the microstructure features of samples which fabricated by LDMS.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (50534020)
文摘Based on the thermal conduction equations, the three-dimensional （3D） temperature field of a work roll was investigated using finite element method （FEM）. The variations in the surface temperature of the work roll during hot strip rolling were described, and the thermal stress field of the work roll was also analyzed. The results showed that the highest roll surface temperature is 593 ℃, and the difference between the minimum and maximum values of thermal stress of the work roll surface is 145.7 MPa. Furthermore, the results of this analysis indicate that temperature and thermal stress are useful parameters for the investigation of roll thermal fatigue and also for improving the quality of strip during rolling.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41201070)Project of Education Department of Jiangxi Province (GJJ14494)+1 种基金Development Fund Project of State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering (SKLFSE 201508)Development Fund Project of State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics & Deep Underground Engineering (SKLGDUEK1505)
文摘To study the distribution characteristics and variation regularity of the temperature field during the process of seepage freezing,a simulated-freezing test with seepage of Xuzhou sand was completed by using a model test developed in-house equipment.By means of three group freezing tests with different seepage velocities,we discovered the phenomenon of the asymmetry of the temperature field under the influence of seepage.The temperature upstream was obviously higher than that downstream.The temperature gradient upstream was also steeper than that downstream.With a higher seepage velocity,the asymmetry of the temperature field is more pronounced.The asymmetry for the interface temperature profile is more strongly manifest than for the main surface temperature profile.The cryogenic barrier section is somewhat"heartshaped".With the increasing velocity of the seepage flow,the cooling rate of the soil decreases.It takes much time to reach the equilibrium state of the soil mass.In our study,seepage flow velocities of 0 m/d,7.5 m/d,and 15 m/d showed the soilcooling rate of 4.35°C/h,4.96°C/h,and 1.72°C/h,respectively.
