[Background]High harmonic cavities are widely used in electron storage rings to lengthen thebunch,lower the bunch peak current,thereby reducing the IBS effect,enhancing the Touschek lifetime,as well asproviding Landau...[Background]High harmonic cavities are widely used in electron storage rings to lengthen thebunch,lower the bunch peak current,thereby reducing the IBS effect,enhancing the Touschek lifetime,as well asproviding Landau damping,which is particularly important for storage rings operating with ultra-low emittance or atlow beam energy.[Purpose]To further increase the bunch length without additional hardware costs,the phasemodulation in a dual-RF system is considered.[Methods]In this paper,turn-by-turn simulations incorporating randomsynchrotron radiation excitation are conducted,and a brief analysis is presented to explain the bunch lengtheningmechanism.[Results]Simulation results reveal that the peak current can be further reduced,thereby mitigating IBSeffects and enhancing the Touschek lifetime.Although the energy spread increases,which tends to reduce thebrightness of higher-harmonic radiation from the undulator,the brightness of the fundamental harmonic can,in fact,beimproved.展开更多
Succinonitrile(SN)-based polymer plastic crystal electrolytes(PPCEs)are regarded as promising candidates for lithium metal batteries but suffer from serious side reactions with Li metal.Herein,we propose a multi-dimen...Succinonitrile(SN)-based polymer plastic crystal electrolytes(PPCEs)are regarded as promising candidates for lithium metal batteries but suffer from serious side reactions with Li metal.Herein,we propose a multi-dimensional optimization strategy to alleviate the side reactions between SN and Li metal,and develop a highly stable poly-vinylethylene carbonate-based PPCE(PPCE-VEC).Moreover,we identify the intrinsic factors of multi-dimensional polymer structures on the electrolyte stability by three typical classes of polyesters.The PPCE-VEC constructed by in situ polymerization exhibits much better stability than poly-vinylene carbonate-based PPCE(PPCE-VCA)and poly-trifluoroethyl acrylate-based PPCE(PPCE-TFA),which is verified by its fewer SN-decomposition species in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and outstanding full cell performance.The PPCE-VEC-enabled LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)full cell achieve 73.7%capacity retention after 1400 cycles,which outperforms PPCE-VCA-and PPCE-TFA-enabled full cells(61.9%and 46.9%).Spectral analysis and theoretical calculation reveal that the high solvation ability of the carbonyl site,flexible polymer chain,and homogeneous electrolyte phase of PPCE-VEC are favorable to maximizing competition coordination with Li^(+)to weaken the Li^(+)–SN binding and shape an anion-rich solvation structure.This optimized polymer-involved Li^(+)solvation enhances SN stability and facilitates the formation of B/F enriched solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI),thus significantly improving PPCE stability.展开更多
While reinforcement learning-based underwater acoustic adaptive modulation shows promise for enabling environment-adaptive communication as supported by extensive simulation-based research,its practical performance re...While reinforcement learning-based underwater acoustic adaptive modulation shows promise for enabling environment-adaptive communication as supported by extensive simulation-based research,its practical performance remains underexplored in field investigations.To evaluate the practical applicability of this emerging technique in adverse shallow sea channels,a field experiment was conducted using three communication modes:orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM),M-ary frequency-shift keying(MFSK),and direct sequence spread spectrum(DSSS)for reinforcement learning-driven adaptive modulation.Specifically,a Q-learning method is used to select the optimal modulation mode according to the channel quality quantified by signal-to-noise ratio,multipath spread length,and Doppler frequency offset.Experimental results demonstrate that the reinforcement learning-based adaptive modulation scheme outperformed fixed threshold detection in terms of total throughput and average bit error rate,surpassing conventional adaptive modulation strategies.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)offer promising safety and affordability,but suffer from dendritic Zn growth and parasitic side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface.Herein,we construct a dual-region inter...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)offer promising safety and affordability,but suffer from dendritic Zn growth and parasitic side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface.Herein,we construct a dual-region interfacial modulation framework by molecularly reconfiguring the Helmholtz double layer via trace methyl methacrylate(MMA).Exploiting its amphiphilic and functionally asymmetric architecture,MMA enables a coordinated interfacial reconstruction that disrupts Zn^(2+)solvation in the outer Helmholtz plane,builds a chemisorbed coordination layer in the inner plane,and modulates local interfacial chemistry with spatial precision.This dualregion regulation collectively suppresses water reactivity,facilitates Zn^(2+)desolvation,and drives crystallo-graphically preferred deposition along the(101)plane,promoting lateral growth and mitigating dendrite for-mation.As a result,symmetric Zn||Zn cells exhibit over 4200 h of stable cycling at 1 mA cm^(-2) and maintain 1100 h of operation at 2 mA cm^(-2),even at 0℃.Zn||Ti half-cells achieve a Coulombic efficiency of 99.83%,while Zn||NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) full cells deliver 93.92%capacity retention after 400 cycles at 2 A g^(-1),and preserve 85.3%after 300 cycles at 0℃.This work demonstrates a scalable,mechanism-driven electrolyte design paradigm for dendrite-free and high-performance aqueous Zn metal batteries.展开更多
Epidemiological studies have highlighted an association between periodontitis and osteoporosis.However,the mechanism underlining this association remains unclear.Here,we revealed significant differences in the salivar...Epidemiological studies have highlighted an association between periodontitis and osteoporosis.However,the mechanism underlining this association remains unclear.Here,we revealed significant differences in the salivary microbiota between periodontally healthy individuals and periodontitis patients,with periodontitis patients exhibiting increased salivary microbiota diversity and an elevated abundance of pathogenic bacteria.Using an ovariectomized(OVX) mouse model,we demonstrated that the salivary microbiota from periodontitis patients exacerbated bone destruction by modulating the gut microbiota.Metabolomic analysis revealed that the periodontitis-associated salivary microbiota suppressed tryptophan metabolism.The tryptophan metabolite indole-3-lactic acid(ILA) directly inhibited osteoclast formation and differentiation.In OVX mice treated with periodontitis salivary microbiota,supplementation with ILA effectively suppressed osteoclastogenesis and alleviated the detrimental effects of periodontitis-associated salivary microbiota on systemic bones.In summary,our data demonstrate that periodontitis can affect systemic bone metabolism via the oral-gut axis and that ILA supplementation serves as a potential therapeutic option to mitigate these adverse effects.展开更多
Modulations of mitochondrial dysfunction,which involve a series of dynamic processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial fusion and fission,mitochondrial transport,mitochondrial autophagy,mitochondrial apop...Modulations of mitochondrial dysfunction,which involve a series of dynamic processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial fusion and fission,mitochondrial transport,mitochondrial autophagy,mitochondrial apoptosis,and oxidative stress,play an important role in the onset and progression of stroke.With a better understanding of the critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction modulations in post-stroke neurological injury,these modulations have emerged as a potential target for stroke prevention and treatment.Additionally,since effective treatments for stroke are extremely limited and natural products currently offer some outstanding advantages,we focused on the findings and mechanisms of action related to the use of natural products for targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in the treatment of stroke.Natural products achieve neuroprotective through multi-target regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction encompassing the following processes:(1)Mitochondrial biogenesis:Cordyceps and hydroxysafflor yellow A activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha/nuclear respiratory factor pathway,promote mitochondrial DNA replication and respiratory chain protein synthesis,and thereby restore energy supply in the ischemic penumbra.(2)Mitochondrial dynamics balance:Ginsenoside Rb3 promotes Opa1-mediated neural stem cell migration and diffusion for recovery of damaged brain tissue.(3)Mitochondrial autophagy:Gypenoside XVII selectively eliminates damaged mitochondria via the phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1/Parkin pathway and blocks reactive oxygen species and the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome cascade,thereby alleviating blood-brain barrier damage.(4)Anti-apoptotic mechanisms:Ginkgolide K inhibits Bax mitochondrial translocation and downregulates caspase-3/9 activity,reducing neuronal programmed death induced by ischemia-reperfusion.(5)Oxidative stress regulation:Scutellarin exerts antioxidant properties and improves neurological function by modulating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5-Kruppel-like factor 2-endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling pathway.(6)Intercellular mitochondrial transport:Neuroprotective effects of Chrysophanol are associated with accelerated mitochondrial transfer from astrocytes to neurons.Existing studies have confirmed that natural products exhibit neuroprotective effects through multidimensional interventions targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke models.However,their clinical translation still faces challenges,such as the difficulty in standardization due to component complexity,insufficient cross-regional clinical data,and the lack of long-term safety evaluations.Future research should aim to integrate new technologies,such as single-cell sequencing and organoid models,to deeply explore the mitochondria-targeting mechanisms of natural products and validate their efficacy through multicenter clinical trials,providing theoretical support and translational pathways for the development of novel anti-stroke drugs.展开更多
Diatomic metasurfaces designed for interferometric mechanisms possess significant potential for the multidimensional manipulation of electromagnetic waves,including control over amplitude,phase,frequency,and polarizat...Diatomic metasurfaces designed for interferometric mechanisms possess significant potential for the multidimensional manipulation of electromagnetic waves,including control over amplitude,phase,frequency,and polarization.Geometric phase profiles with spin-selective properties are commonly associated with wavefront modulation,allowing the implementation of conjugate strategies within orthogonal circularly polarized channels.Simultaneous control of these characteristics in a single-layered diatomic metasurface will be an apparent technological extension.Here,spin-selective modulation of terahertz(THz)beams is realized by assembling a pair of meta-atoms with birefringent effects.The distinct modulation functions arise from geometric phase profiles characterized by multiple rotational properties,which introduce independent parametric factors that elucidate their physical significance.By arranging the key parameters,the proposed design strategy can be employed to realize independent amplitude and phase manipulation.A series of THz metasurface samples with specific modulation functions are characterized,experimentally demonstrating the accuracy of on-demand manipulation.This research paves the way for all-silicon meta-optics that may have great potential in imaging,sensing and detection.展开更多
A composite anti-disturbance predictive control strategy employing a Multi-dimensional Taylor Network(MTN)is presented for unmanned systems subject to time-delay and multi-source disturbances.First,the multi-source di...A composite anti-disturbance predictive control strategy employing a Multi-dimensional Taylor Network(MTN)is presented for unmanned systems subject to time-delay and multi-source disturbances.First,the multi-source disturbances are addressed according to their specific characteristics as follows:(A)an MTN data-driven model,which is used for uncertainty description,is designed accompanied with the mechanism model to represent the unmanned systems;(B)an adaptive MTN filter is used to remove the influence of the internal disturbance;(C)an MTN disturbance observer is constructed to estimate and compensate for the influence of the external disturbance;(D)the Extended Kalman Filter(EKF)algorithm is utilized as the learning mechanism for MTNs.Second,to address the time-delay effect,a recursiveτstep-ahead MTN predictive model is designed utilizing recursive technology,aiming to mitigate the impact of time-delay,and the EKF algorithm is employed as its learning mechanism.Then,the MTN predictive control law is designed based on the quadratic performance index.By implementing the proposed composite controller to unmanned systems,simultaneous feedforward compensation and feedback suppression to the multi-source disturbances are conducted.Finally,the convergence of the MTN and the stability of the closed-loop system are established utilizing the Lyapunov theorem.Two exemplary applications of unmanned systems involving unmanned vehicle and rigid spacecraft are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.展开更多
Under submerged conditions, compared with traditional self-excited oscillating pulsed waterjets(SOPWs), annular fluid-enhanced self-excited oscillating pulsed waterjets(AFESOPWs) exhibit a higher surge pressure throug...Under submerged conditions, compared with traditional self-excited oscillating pulsed waterjets(SOPWs), annular fluid-enhanced self-excited oscillating pulsed waterjets(AFESOPWs) exhibit a higher surge pressure through self-priming. However, their pressure frequency and cavitation characteristics remain unclear, resulting in an inability to fully utilize resonance and cavitation erosion to break coal and rock. In this study, high-frequency pressure testing, high-speed photography, and large eddy simulation(LES) are used to investigate the distribution of the pressure frequency band, evolution law of the cavitation cloud, and its regulation mechanism of a continuous waterjet, SOPW, and AFESOPW. The results indicated that the excitation of the plunger pump, shearing layer vortex, and bubble collapse corresponded to the three high-amplitude frequency bands of the waterjet pressure. AFESOPWs have an additional self-priming frequency that can produce a larger amplitude under a synergistic effect with the second high-amplitude frequency band. A better cavitation effect was produced after self-priming the annulus fluid, and the shedding frequency of the cavitation clouds of the three types of waterjets was linearly related to the cavitation number. The peak pressure of the waterjet and cavitation erosion effect can be improved by modulating the waterjet pressure oscillation frequency and cavitation shedding frequency.展开更多
All-season thermal management with zero energy consumption and emissions is more crucial to global decarbonization over traditional energy-intensive cooling/heating systems.However,the static single thermal management...All-season thermal management with zero energy consumption and emissions is more crucial to global decarbonization over traditional energy-intensive cooling/heating systems.However,the static single thermal management for cooling or heating fails to self-regulate the temperature in dynamic seasonal temperature condition.Herein,inspired by the dual-temperature regulation function of the fur color changes on the backs and abdomens of penguins,a smart thermal management composite hydrogel(PNA@H-PM Gel)system was subtly created though an"on-demand"dual-layer structure design strategy.The PNA@H-PM Gel system features synchronous solar and thermal radiation modulation as well as tunable phase transition temperatures to meet the variable seasonal thermal requirements and energy-saving demands via self-adaptive radiative cooling and solar heating regulation.Furthermore,this system demonstrates superb modulations of both the solar reflectance(ΔR=0.74)and thermal emissivity(ΔE=0.52)in response to ambient temperature changes,highlighting efficient temperature regulation with average radiative cooling and solar heating effects of 9.6℃in summer and 6.1℃in winter,respectively.Moreover,compared to standard building baselines,the PNA@H-PM Gel presents a more substantial energy-saving cooling/heating potentials for energy-efficient buildings across various regions and climates.This novel solution,inspired by penguins in the real world,will offer a fresh approach for producing intelligent,energy-saving thermal management materials,and serve for temperature regulation under dynamic climate conditions and even throughout all seasons.展开更多
The traditional von Neumann architecture faces inherent limitations due to the separation of memory and computa-tion,leading to high energy consumption,significant latency,and reduced operational efficiency.Neuromorph...The traditional von Neumann architecture faces inherent limitations due to the separation of memory and computa-tion,leading to high energy consumption,significant latency,and reduced operational efficiency.Neuromorphic computing,inspired by the architecture of the human brain,offers a promising alternative by integrating memory and computational func-tions,enabling parallel,high-speed,and energy-efficient information processing.Among various neuromorphic technologies,ion-modulated optoelectronic devices have garnered attention due to their excellent ionic tunability and the availability of multi-dimensional control strategies.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in ion-modulation optoelec-tronic neuromorphic devices.It elucidates the key mechanisms underlying ionic modulation of light fields,including ion migra-tion dynamics and capture and release of charge through ions.Furthermore,the synthesis of active materials and the proper-ties of these devices are analyzed in detail.The review also highlights the application of ion-modulation optoelectronic devices in artificial vision systems,neuromorphic computing,and other bionic fields.Finally,the existing challenges and future direc-tions for the development of optoelectronic neuromorphic devices are discussed,providing critical insights for advancing this promising field.展开更多
High temperature piezoelectric energy harvester(HTPEH)is an important solution to replace chemical battery to achieve independent power supply of HT wireless sensors.However,simultaneously excellent performances,inclu...High temperature piezoelectric energy harvester(HTPEH)is an important solution to replace chemical battery to achieve independent power supply of HT wireless sensors.However,simultaneously excellent performances,including high figure of merit(FOM),insulation resistivity(ρ)and depolarization temperature(Td)are indispensable but hard to achieve in lead-free piezoceramics,especially operating at 250°C has not been reported before.Herein,well-balanced performances are achieved in BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics via innovative defect engineering with respect to delicate manganese doping.Due to the synergistic effect of enhancing electrostrictive coefficient by polarization configuration optimization,regulating iron ion oxidation state by high valence manganese ion and stabilizing domain orientation by defect dipole,comprehensive excellent electrical performances(Td=340°C,ρ250°C>10^(7)Ωcm and FOM_(250°C)=4905×10^(–15)m^(2)N^(−1))are realized at the solid solubility limit of manganese ions.The HT-PEHs assembled using the rationally designed piezoceramic can allow for fast charging of commercial electrolytic capacitor at 250°C with high energy conversion efficiency(η=11.43%).These characteristics demonstrate that defect engineering tailored BF-BT can satisfy high-end HT-PEHs requirements,paving a new way in developing selfpowered wireless sensors working in HT environments.展开更多
El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)is a major driver of climate change in middle and low latitudes and thus strongly influences the terrestrial carbon cycle through land-air interaction.Both the ENSO modulation an...El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)is a major driver of climate change in middle and low latitudes and thus strongly influences the terrestrial carbon cycle through land-air interaction.Both the ENSO modulation and carbon flux variability are projected to increase in the future,but their connection still needs further investigation.To investigate the impact of future ENSO modulation on carbon flux variability,this study used 10 CMIP6 earth system models to analyze ENSO modulation and carbon flux variability in middle and low latitudes,and their relationship,under different scenarios simulated by CMIP6 models.The results show a high consistency in the simulations,with both ENSO modulation and carbon flux variability showing an increasing trend in the future.The higher the emissions scenario,especially SSP5-8.5 compared to SSP2-4.5,the greater the increase in variability.Carbon flux variability in the middle and low latitudes under SSP2-4.5 increases by 30.9%compared to historical levels during 1951-2000,while under SSP5-8.5 it increases by 58.2%.Further analysis suggests that ENSO influences mid-and low-latitude carbon flux variability primarily through temperature.This occurrence may potentially be attributed to the increased responsiveness of gross primary productivity towards regional temperature fluctuations,combined with the intensified influence of ENSO on land surface temperatures.展开更多
Oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is often regarded as a crucial bottleneck in the field of renewable energy storage and conversion.To further accelerate the sluggish kinetics of OER,a cation and anion modulation strategy...Oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is often regarded as a crucial bottleneck in the field of renewable energy storage and conversion.To further accelerate the sluggish kinetics of OER,a cation and anion modulation strategy is reported here,which has been proven to be effective in preparing highly active electrocatalyst.For example,the cobalt,sulfur,and phosphorus modulated nickel hydroxide(denoted as NiCoPSOH)only needs an overpotential of 232 mV to reach a current density of 20 mA cm^(–2),demonstrating excellent OER performances.The cation and anion modulation facilitates the generation of high-valent Ni species,which would activate the lattice oxygen and switch the OER reaction pathway from conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism to lattice oxygen mechanism(LOM),as evidenced by the results of electrochemical measurements,Raman spectroscopy and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry.The LOM pathway of NiCoPSOH is further verified by the theoretical calculations,including the upshift of O 2p band center,the weakened Ni–O bond and the lowest energy barrier of rate-limiting step.Thus,the anion and cation modulated catalyst NiCoPSOH could effectively accelerate the sluggish OER kinetics.Our work provides a new insight into the cation and anion modulation,and broadens the possibility for the rational design of highly active electrocatalysts.展开更多
Two-terminal(2-T)perovskite(PVK)/CuIn(Ga)Se_(2)(CIGS)tandem solar cells(TSCs)have been considered as an ideal tandem cell because of their best bandgap matching regarding to Shockley–Queisser(S–Q)limits.However,the ...Two-terminal(2-T)perovskite(PVK)/CuIn(Ga)Se_(2)(CIGS)tandem solar cells(TSCs)have been considered as an ideal tandem cell because of their best bandgap matching regarding to Shockley–Queisser(S–Q)limits.However,the nature of the irregular rough morphology of commercial CIGS prevents people from improving tandem device performances.In this paper,D-homoserine lactone hydrochloride is proven to improve coverage of PVK materials on irregular rough CIGS surfaces and also passivate bulk defects by modulating the growth of PVK crystals.In addition,the minority carriers near the PVK/C60 interface and the incompletely passivated trap states caused interface recombination.A surface reconstruction with 2-thiopheneethylammonium iodide and N,N-dimethylformamide assisted passivates the defect sites located at the surface and grain boundaries.Meanwhile,LiF is used to create this field effect,repelling hole carriers away from the PVK and C60 interface and thus reducing recombination.As a result,a 2-T PVK/CIGS tandem yielded a power conversion efficiency of 24.6%(0.16 cm^(2)),one of the highest results for 2-T PVK/CIGS TSCs to our knowledge.This validation underscores the potential of our methodology in achieving superior performance in PVK/CIGS tandem solar cells.展开更多
The ancient tacit knowledge behind the logic system permeated the culture and promoted numerous impactful inventions throughout the history. Traditional Chinese medicine with its effectiveness should also have stemmed...The ancient tacit knowledge behind the logic system permeated the culture and promoted numerous impactful inventions throughout the history. Traditional Chinese medicine with its effectiveness should also have stemmed out from such logic system. This article aims to rearticulate the underlying lucid multi-dimensional logic system, which faded in obscurity only because of time-out loss of the mid-right concept. Retracing this past tacit but important concept could uncover a multi-dimensional system over a point relating to all matters while capturing the central core of the matter. The seemingly unmanageable multidimensional logic was strengthened by verification processes which affirmed its further extensions, and made up the language of the people, the concepts of yin-yang(阴阳), and the development of extensions of Ba Gua(八卦) derivatives, which furthered the interpretation of the space-time properties and Chinese medicine.展开更多
The subnucleus reticularis dorsalis(SRD),also known as the dorsal reticular nucleus(DRt)or dorsal medullary reticular nucleus(MdD),which resides at the caudal end of the medulla,plays a pivotal role in regulating pain...The subnucleus reticularis dorsalis(SRD),also known as the dorsal reticular nucleus(DRt)or dorsal medullary reticular nucleus(MdD),which resides at the caudal end of the medulla,plays a pivotal role in regulating pain perception.Despite extensive research efforts to unravel its mechanisms,the operational intricacies of SRD remain poorly understood.Advances in experimental methodologies such as brain imaging and chemogenetics have facilitated deeper investigations into the involvement of SRD in various pain disorders.This comprehensive review aims to analyze 36 years(1989–2024)of preclinical research highlighting the critical role of SRD in diffuse noxious inhibitory control(DNIC),also known as conditioned pain modulation(CPM)in humans,and its interconnected neural circuits.Moreover,this review explores the neural circuits related to SRD,including locus coeruleus(LC)-SRD,parabrachial nucleus(PBN)-SRD,rostroventromedial medulla(RVM)-ventrolateral medulla(VLM)-SRD,anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)-SRD,medial medullary reticular formation(mMRF)-SRD,and dorsal striatum(DS)-SRD.Their activation also plays a significant role in analgesia.The pivotal roles of neurotransmitters such asμ-opioid receptor(MOR),noradrenaline,and metabotropic glutamate receptor 7(mGluR7)in modulating SRD responsiveness to pain stimuli are also discussed,as are the influences of SRD on different pain types.This review identified promising avenues for innovative analgesic treatments by shedding light on potential therapeutic strategies targeting SRD.展开更多
Multilevel coding(MLC)is a commonly used polar coded modulation scheme,but challenging to implement in engineering due to its high complexity and long decoding delay for high-order modulations.To address these limitat...Multilevel coding(MLC)is a commonly used polar coded modulation scheme,but challenging to implement in engineering due to its high complexity and long decoding delay for high-order modulations.To address these limitations,a novel two-level serially concatenated MLC scheme,in which the bitlevels with similar reliability are bundled and transmitted together,is proposed.The proposed scheme hierarchically protects the two bit-level sets:the bitlevel sets at the higher level are sufficiently reliable and do not require excessive resources for protection,whereas only the bit-level sets at the lower level are encoded by polar codes.The proposed scheme has the advantages of low power consumption,low delay and high reliability.Moreover,an optimized constellation signal labeling rule that can enhance the performance is proposed.Finally,the superiority of the proposed scheme is validated through the theoretical analysis and simulation results.Compared with the bit interleaving coding modulation(BICM)scheme,under 256-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM),the proposed scheme attains a performance gain of 1.0 dB while reducing the decoding complexity by 54.55%.展开更多
This paper explores whole-process engineering consulting,including its application models in public buildings and elderly-friendly projects,such as service integration and whole lifecycle management.It also addresses ...This paper explores whole-process engineering consulting,including its application models in public buildings and elderly-friendly projects,such as service integration and whole lifecycle management.It also addresses the construction of multi-dimensional collaborative theoretical models,public space streamline organization,and other aspects,emphasizing the importance of multi-dimensional collaboration.Additionally,it highlights the role of talent cultivation and digital transformation in enhancing project efficiency.展开更多
Stress accumulation is a key factor leading to sodium storage performance deterioration for NiSe_(2)-based anodes.Therefore,inhibiting the concentrated local stress during the sodiataion/desodiation process is crucial...Stress accumulation is a key factor leading to sodium storage performance deterioration for NiSe_(2)-based anodes.Therefore,inhibiting the concentrated local stress during the sodiataion/desodiation process is crucial for acquiring stable NiSe2-based materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),Herein,a stress dissipation strategy driven by architecture engineering is proposed,which can achieve ultrafast and ultralong sodium storage properties.Different from the conventional sphere-like or rod-like architecture,the three-dimensional(3D)flower-like NiSe_(2)@C composite is delicately designed and assembled with onedimensional nanorods and carbon framework.More importantly,the fundamental mechanism of improved structure stability is unveiled by simulations and experimental results simultaneously.It demonstrates that this designed multidimensional flower-like architecture with dispersed nanorods can balance the structural mismatch,avoid concentrated local strain,and relax the internal stress,mainly induced by the unavoidable volume variation during the repeated conversion processes.Moreover,it can provide more Na^(+)-storage sites and multi-directional migration pathways,leading to a fast Na^(+)-migration channel with boosted reaction kinetic.As expected,it delivers superior rate performance(441 mA h g^(-1)at 5.0 A g^(-1))and long cycling stability(563 mA h g^(-1)at 1.0 A g^(-1)over 1000 cycles)for SIBs.This work provides useful insights for designing high-performance conversion-based anode materials for SIBs.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12405168)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2024CDJXY004)。
文摘[Background]High harmonic cavities are widely used in electron storage rings to lengthen thebunch,lower the bunch peak current,thereby reducing the IBS effect,enhancing the Touschek lifetime,as well asproviding Landau damping,which is particularly important for storage rings operating with ultra-low emittance or atlow beam energy.[Purpose]To further increase the bunch length without additional hardware costs,the phasemodulation in a dual-RF system is considered.[Methods]In this paper,turn-by-turn simulations incorporating randomsynchrotron radiation excitation are conducted,and a brief analysis is presented to explain the bunch lengtheningmechanism.[Results]Simulation results reveal that the peak current can be further reduced,thereby mitigating IBSeffects and enhancing the Touschek lifetime.Although the energy spread increases,which tends to reduce thebrightness of higher-harmonic radiation from the undulator,the brightness of the fundamental harmonic can,in fact,beimproved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22072048)the Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2021A1515010128 and 2022A0505050013).
文摘Succinonitrile(SN)-based polymer plastic crystal electrolytes(PPCEs)are regarded as promising candidates for lithium metal batteries but suffer from serious side reactions with Li metal.Herein,we propose a multi-dimensional optimization strategy to alleviate the side reactions between SN and Li metal,and develop a highly stable poly-vinylethylene carbonate-based PPCE(PPCE-VEC).Moreover,we identify the intrinsic factors of multi-dimensional polymer structures on the electrolyte stability by three typical classes of polyesters.The PPCE-VEC constructed by in situ polymerization exhibits much better stability than poly-vinylene carbonate-based PPCE(PPCE-VCA)and poly-trifluoroethyl acrylate-based PPCE(PPCE-TFA),which is verified by its fewer SN-decomposition species in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and outstanding full cell performance.The PPCE-VEC-enabled LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)full cell achieve 73.7%capacity retention after 1400 cycles,which outperforms PPCE-VCA-and PPCE-TFA-enabled full cells(61.9%and 46.9%).Spectral analysis and theoretical calculation reveal that the high solvation ability of the carbonyl site,flexible polymer chain,and homogeneous electrolyte phase of PPCE-VEC are favorable to maximizing competition coordination with Li^(+)to weaken the Li^(+)–SN binding and shape an anion-rich solvation structure.This optimized polymer-involved Li^(+)solvation enhances SN stability and facilitates the formation of B/F enriched solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI),thus significantly improving PPCE stability.
基金funding from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFE0110000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11274259,No.11574258)the Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Shanghai(21DZ1205500)in support of the present research.
文摘While reinforcement learning-based underwater acoustic adaptive modulation shows promise for enabling environment-adaptive communication as supported by extensive simulation-based research,its practical performance remains underexplored in field investigations.To evaluate the practical applicability of this emerging technique in adverse shallow sea channels,a field experiment was conducted using three communication modes:orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM),M-ary frequency-shift keying(MFSK),and direct sequence spread spectrum(DSSS)for reinforcement learning-driven adaptive modulation.Specifically,a Q-learning method is used to select the optimal modulation mode according to the channel quality quantified by signal-to-noise ratio,multipath spread length,and Doppler frequency offset.Experimental results demonstrate that the reinforcement learning-based adaptive modulation scheme outperformed fixed threshold detection in terms of total throughput and average bit error rate,surpassing conventional adaptive modulation strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52125405 and U22A20108)Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund Chulalongkorn University,National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)and Chulalongkorn University(N42A660383).D.D.Zhang would like to thank the financial support from the Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department of China(No.JYTQN2023289)+3 种基金Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Joint Plan(Fund)Project(No.2023-BSBA-259)and the opening project of State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology,Yanshan University(No.202404).J.Cao would like to acknowledge the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52402279)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Special Funding(Grant Nos.2025T180002,2024M751753)the opening project of State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology(Yanshan University)(No.202401).
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)offer promising safety and affordability,but suffer from dendritic Zn growth and parasitic side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface.Herein,we construct a dual-region interfacial modulation framework by molecularly reconfiguring the Helmholtz double layer via trace methyl methacrylate(MMA).Exploiting its amphiphilic and functionally asymmetric architecture,MMA enables a coordinated interfacial reconstruction that disrupts Zn^(2+)solvation in the outer Helmholtz plane,builds a chemisorbed coordination layer in the inner plane,and modulates local interfacial chemistry with spatial precision.This dualregion regulation collectively suppresses water reactivity,facilitates Zn^(2+)desolvation,and drives crystallo-graphically preferred deposition along the(101)plane,promoting lateral growth and mitigating dendrite for-mation.As a result,symmetric Zn||Zn cells exhibit over 4200 h of stable cycling at 1 mA cm^(-2) and maintain 1100 h of operation at 2 mA cm^(-2),even at 0℃.Zn||Ti half-cells achieve a Coulombic efficiency of 99.83%,while Zn||NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) full cells deliver 93.92%capacity retention after 400 cycles at 2 A g^(-1),and preserve 85.3%after 300 cycles at 0℃.This work demonstrates a scalable,mechanism-driven electrolyte design paradigm for dendrite-free and high-performance aqueous Zn metal batteries.
基金provided by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (82270979)High-Level Hospital Construction Project (0224C001,0224C050)Cultivation Program for Reserve Talents for Academic Leaders (2023A208) of Nanjing Stomatological Hospital,Affiliated Hospital of Medical School,Institute of Stomatology,Nanjing University。
文摘Epidemiological studies have highlighted an association between periodontitis and osteoporosis.However,the mechanism underlining this association remains unclear.Here,we revealed significant differences in the salivary microbiota between periodontally healthy individuals and periodontitis patients,with periodontitis patients exhibiting increased salivary microbiota diversity and an elevated abundance of pathogenic bacteria.Using an ovariectomized(OVX) mouse model,we demonstrated that the salivary microbiota from periodontitis patients exacerbated bone destruction by modulating the gut microbiota.Metabolomic analysis revealed that the periodontitis-associated salivary microbiota suppressed tryptophan metabolism.The tryptophan metabolite indole-3-lactic acid(ILA) directly inhibited osteoclast formation and differentiation.In OVX mice treated with periodontitis salivary microbiota,supplementation with ILA effectively suppressed osteoclastogenesis and alleviated the detrimental effects of periodontitis-associated salivary microbiota on systemic bones.In summary,our data demonstrate that periodontitis can affect systemic bone metabolism via the oral-gut axis and that ILA supplementation serves as a potential therapeutic option to mitigate these adverse effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82204663(to TZ)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2022QH058(to TZ).
文摘Modulations of mitochondrial dysfunction,which involve a series of dynamic processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial fusion and fission,mitochondrial transport,mitochondrial autophagy,mitochondrial apoptosis,and oxidative stress,play an important role in the onset and progression of stroke.With a better understanding of the critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction modulations in post-stroke neurological injury,these modulations have emerged as a potential target for stroke prevention and treatment.Additionally,since effective treatments for stroke are extremely limited and natural products currently offer some outstanding advantages,we focused on the findings and mechanisms of action related to the use of natural products for targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in the treatment of stroke.Natural products achieve neuroprotective through multi-target regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction encompassing the following processes:(1)Mitochondrial biogenesis:Cordyceps and hydroxysafflor yellow A activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha/nuclear respiratory factor pathway,promote mitochondrial DNA replication and respiratory chain protein synthesis,and thereby restore energy supply in the ischemic penumbra.(2)Mitochondrial dynamics balance:Ginsenoside Rb3 promotes Opa1-mediated neural stem cell migration and diffusion for recovery of damaged brain tissue.(3)Mitochondrial autophagy:Gypenoside XVII selectively eliminates damaged mitochondria via the phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1/Parkin pathway and blocks reactive oxygen species and the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome cascade,thereby alleviating blood-brain barrier damage.(4)Anti-apoptotic mechanisms:Ginkgolide K inhibits Bax mitochondrial translocation and downregulates caspase-3/9 activity,reducing neuronal programmed death induced by ischemia-reperfusion.(5)Oxidative stress regulation:Scutellarin exerts antioxidant properties and improves neurological function by modulating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5-Kruppel-like factor 2-endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling pathway.(6)Intercellular mitochondrial transport:Neuroprotective effects of Chrysophanol are associated with accelerated mitochondrial transfer from astrocytes to neurons.Existing studies have confirmed that natural products exhibit neuroprotective effects through multidimensional interventions targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke models.However,their clinical translation still faces challenges,such as the difficulty in standardization due to component complexity,insufficient cross-regional clinical data,and the lack of long-term safety evaluations.Future research should aim to integrate new technologies,such as single-cell sequencing and organoid models,to deeply explore the mitochondria-targeting mechanisms of natural products and validate their efficacy through multicenter clinical trials,providing theoretical support and translational pathways for the development of novel anti-stroke drugs.
基金supports from National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2800703)Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program(25QNJJ2419)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A2008,12404484)Laoshan Laboratory Science and Technology Innovation Project(LSKJ202200801).
文摘Diatomic metasurfaces designed for interferometric mechanisms possess significant potential for the multidimensional manipulation of electromagnetic waves,including control over amplitude,phase,frequency,and polarization.Geometric phase profiles with spin-selective properties are commonly associated with wavefront modulation,allowing the implementation of conjugate strategies within orthogonal circularly polarized channels.Simultaneous control of these characteristics in a single-layered diatomic metasurface will be an apparent technological extension.Here,spin-selective modulation of terahertz(THz)beams is realized by assembling a pair of meta-atoms with birefringent effects.The distinct modulation functions arise from geometric phase profiles characterized by multiple rotational properties,which introduce independent parametric factors that elucidate their physical significance.By arranging the key parameters,the proposed design strategy can be employed to realize independent amplitude and phase manipulation.A series of THz metasurface samples with specific modulation functions are characterized,experimentally demonstrating the accuracy of on-demand manipulation.This research paves the way for all-silicon meta-optics that may have great potential in imaging,sensing and detection.
基金co-supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB4704400)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ24F030012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China General Project(No.62373033)。
文摘A composite anti-disturbance predictive control strategy employing a Multi-dimensional Taylor Network(MTN)is presented for unmanned systems subject to time-delay and multi-source disturbances.First,the multi-source disturbances are addressed according to their specific characteristics as follows:(A)an MTN data-driven model,which is used for uncertainty description,is designed accompanied with the mechanism model to represent the unmanned systems;(B)an adaptive MTN filter is used to remove the influence of the internal disturbance;(C)an MTN disturbance observer is constructed to estimate and compensate for the influence of the external disturbance;(D)the Extended Kalman Filter(EKF)algorithm is utilized as the learning mechanism for MTNs.Second,to address the time-delay effect,a recursiveτstep-ahead MTN predictive model is designed utilizing recursive technology,aiming to mitigate the impact of time-delay,and the EKF algorithm is employed as its learning mechanism.Then,the MTN predictive control law is designed based on the quadratic performance index.By implementing the proposed composite controller to unmanned systems,simultaneous feedforward compensation and feedback suppression to the multi-source disturbances are conducted.Finally,the convergence of the MTN and the stability of the closed-loop system are established utilizing the Lyapunov theorem.Two exemplary applications of unmanned systems involving unmanned vehicle and rigid spacecraft are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
基金supported by the program for National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52174173, 52274188, and 52104190)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U24A2091)+1 种基金The Natural Science Foundation of Henan Polytechnic University (No. B2021-2)Double FirstClass Initiative of Safety and Energy Engineering (Henan Polytechnic University) (Nos. AQ20240703 and AQ20230304)。
文摘Under submerged conditions, compared with traditional self-excited oscillating pulsed waterjets(SOPWs), annular fluid-enhanced self-excited oscillating pulsed waterjets(AFESOPWs) exhibit a higher surge pressure through self-priming. However, their pressure frequency and cavitation characteristics remain unclear, resulting in an inability to fully utilize resonance and cavitation erosion to break coal and rock. In this study, high-frequency pressure testing, high-speed photography, and large eddy simulation(LES) are used to investigate the distribution of the pressure frequency band, evolution law of the cavitation cloud, and its regulation mechanism of a continuous waterjet, SOPW, and AFESOPW. The results indicated that the excitation of the plunger pump, shearing layer vortex, and bubble collapse corresponded to the three high-amplitude frequency bands of the waterjet pressure. AFESOPWs have an additional self-priming frequency that can produce a larger amplitude under a synergistic effect with the second high-amplitude frequency band. A better cavitation effect was produced after self-priming the annulus fluid, and the shedding frequency of the cavitation clouds of the three types of waterjets was linearly related to the cavitation number. The peak pressure of the waterjet and cavitation erosion effect can be improved by modulating the waterjet pressure oscillation frequency and cavitation shedding frequency.
基金the funding and generous support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52103263,52271249)the Key Project of International Science&Technology Cooperation of Shaanxi Province(2023-GHZD-09)+5 种基金the Key Project of Science Foundation of Education Department of Shaanxi Province(22JY011)the Key Project of Scientific Research and Development of Shaanxi Province(2023GXLH-070)the Qinchuangyuan"Scientist+Engineer"Team of Shaanxi Province(2023KXJ-069)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(2023-YBGY-488)the Sci-tech Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(2024RS-CXTD-46)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2020ZDLGY13-11).
文摘All-season thermal management with zero energy consumption and emissions is more crucial to global decarbonization over traditional energy-intensive cooling/heating systems.However,the static single thermal management for cooling or heating fails to self-regulate the temperature in dynamic seasonal temperature condition.Herein,inspired by the dual-temperature regulation function of the fur color changes on the backs and abdomens of penguins,a smart thermal management composite hydrogel(PNA@H-PM Gel)system was subtly created though an"on-demand"dual-layer structure design strategy.The PNA@H-PM Gel system features synchronous solar and thermal radiation modulation as well as tunable phase transition temperatures to meet the variable seasonal thermal requirements and energy-saving demands via self-adaptive radiative cooling and solar heating regulation.Furthermore,this system demonstrates superb modulations of both the solar reflectance(ΔR=0.74)and thermal emissivity(ΔE=0.52)in response to ambient temperature changes,highlighting efficient temperature regulation with average radiative cooling and solar heating effects of 9.6℃in summer and 6.1℃in winter,respectively.Moreover,compared to standard building baselines,the PNA@H-PM Gel presents a more substantial energy-saving cooling/heating potentials for energy-efficient buildings across various regions and climates.This novel solution,inspired by penguins in the real world,will offer a fresh approach for producing intelligent,energy-saving thermal management materials,and serve for temperature regulation under dynamic climate conditions and even throughout all seasons.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62174164,U23A20568,and U22A2075)National Key Research and Development Project(2021YFA1202600)+2 种基金Talent Plan of Shanghai Branch,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CASSHB-QNPD-2023-022)Ningbo Technology Project(2022A-007-C)Ningbo Key Research and Development Project(2023Z021).
文摘The traditional von Neumann architecture faces inherent limitations due to the separation of memory and computa-tion,leading to high energy consumption,significant latency,and reduced operational efficiency.Neuromorphic computing,inspired by the architecture of the human brain,offers a promising alternative by integrating memory and computational func-tions,enabling parallel,high-speed,and energy-efficient information processing.Among various neuromorphic technologies,ion-modulated optoelectronic devices have garnered attention due to their excellent ionic tunability and the availability of multi-dimensional control strategies.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in ion-modulation optoelec-tronic neuromorphic devices.It elucidates the key mechanisms underlying ionic modulation of light fields,including ion migra-tion dynamics and capture and release of charge through ions.Furthermore,the synthesis of active materials and the proper-ties of these devices are analyzed in detail.The review also highlights the application of ion-modulation optoelectronic devices in artificial vision systems,neuromorphic computing,and other bionic fields.Finally,the existing challenges and future direc-tions for the development of optoelectronic neuromorphic devices are discussed,providing critical insights for advancing this promising field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52272103 and 52072010)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2242029 and JL23004).
文摘High temperature piezoelectric energy harvester(HTPEH)is an important solution to replace chemical battery to achieve independent power supply of HT wireless sensors.However,simultaneously excellent performances,including high figure of merit(FOM),insulation resistivity(ρ)and depolarization temperature(Td)are indispensable but hard to achieve in lead-free piezoceramics,especially operating at 250°C has not been reported before.Herein,well-balanced performances are achieved in BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics via innovative defect engineering with respect to delicate manganese doping.Due to the synergistic effect of enhancing electrostrictive coefficient by polarization configuration optimization,regulating iron ion oxidation state by high valence manganese ion and stabilizing domain orientation by defect dipole,comprehensive excellent electrical performances(Td=340°C,ρ250°C>10^(7)Ωcm and FOM_(250°C)=4905×10^(–15)m^(2)N^(−1))are realized at the solid solubility limit of manganese ions.The HT-PEHs assembled using the rationally designed piezoceramic can allow for fast charging of commercial electrolytic capacitor at 250°C with high energy conversion efficiency(η=11.43%).These characteristics demonstrate that defect engineering tailored BF-BT can satisfy high-end HT-PEHs requirements,paving a new way in developing selfpowered wireless sensors working in HT environments.
基金jointly supported by projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 42141017 and 41975112]。
文摘El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)is a major driver of climate change in middle and low latitudes and thus strongly influences the terrestrial carbon cycle through land-air interaction.Both the ENSO modulation and carbon flux variability are projected to increase in the future,but their connection still needs further investigation.To investigate the impact of future ENSO modulation on carbon flux variability,this study used 10 CMIP6 earth system models to analyze ENSO modulation and carbon flux variability in middle and low latitudes,and their relationship,under different scenarios simulated by CMIP6 models.The results show a high consistency in the simulations,with both ENSO modulation and carbon flux variability showing an increasing trend in the future.The higher the emissions scenario,especially SSP5-8.5 compared to SSP2-4.5,the greater the increase in variability.Carbon flux variability in the middle and low latitudes under SSP2-4.5 increases by 30.9%compared to historical levels during 1951-2000,while under SSP5-8.5 it increases by 58.2%.Further analysis suggests that ENSO influences mid-and low-latitude carbon flux variability primarily through temperature.This occurrence may potentially be attributed to the increased responsiveness of gross primary productivity towards regional temperature fluctuations,combined with the intensified influence of ENSO on land surface temperatures.
文摘Oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is often regarded as a crucial bottleneck in the field of renewable energy storage and conversion.To further accelerate the sluggish kinetics of OER,a cation and anion modulation strategy is reported here,which has been proven to be effective in preparing highly active electrocatalyst.For example,the cobalt,sulfur,and phosphorus modulated nickel hydroxide(denoted as NiCoPSOH)only needs an overpotential of 232 mV to reach a current density of 20 mA cm^(–2),demonstrating excellent OER performances.The cation and anion modulation facilitates the generation of high-valent Ni species,which would activate the lattice oxygen and switch the OER reaction pathway from conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism to lattice oxygen mechanism(LOM),as evidenced by the results of electrochemical measurements,Raman spectroscopy and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry.The LOM pathway of NiCoPSOH is further verified by the theoretical calculations,including the upshift of O 2p band center,the weakened Ni–O bond and the lowest energy barrier of rate-limiting step.Thus,the anion and cation modulated catalyst NiCoPSOH could effectively accelerate the sluggish OER kinetics.Our work provides a new insight into the cation and anion modulation,and broadens the possibility for the rational design of highly active electrocatalysts.
基金supported by“National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20171,U20A20245)”“Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2023AFA010)”+1 种基金“Independent Innovation Projects of the Hubei Longzhong Laboratory(2022ZZ-09)”“Social Public Welfare and Basic Research Special Project of Zhongshan(2020B2015).”。
文摘Two-terminal(2-T)perovskite(PVK)/CuIn(Ga)Se_(2)(CIGS)tandem solar cells(TSCs)have been considered as an ideal tandem cell because of their best bandgap matching regarding to Shockley–Queisser(S–Q)limits.However,the nature of the irregular rough morphology of commercial CIGS prevents people from improving tandem device performances.In this paper,D-homoserine lactone hydrochloride is proven to improve coverage of PVK materials on irregular rough CIGS surfaces and also passivate bulk defects by modulating the growth of PVK crystals.In addition,the minority carriers near the PVK/C60 interface and the incompletely passivated trap states caused interface recombination.A surface reconstruction with 2-thiopheneethylammonium iodide and N,N-dimethylformamide assisted passivates the defect sites located at the surface and grain boundaries.Meanwhile,LiF is used to create this field effect,repelling hole carriers away from the PVK and C60 interface and thus reducing recombination.As a result,a 2-T PVK/CIGS tandem yielded a power conversion efficiency of 24.6%(0.16 cm^(2)),one of the highest results for 2-T PVK/CIGS TSCs to our knowledge.This validation underscores the potential of our methodology in achieving superior performance in PVK/CIGS tandem solar cells.
文摘The ancient tacit knowledge behind the logic system permeated the culture and promoted numerous impactful inventions throughout the history. Traditional Chinese medicine with its effectiveness should also have stemmed out from such logic system. This article aims to rearticulate the underlying lucid multi-dimensional logic system, which faded in obscurity only because of time-out loss of the mid-right concept. Retracing this past tacit but important concept could uncover a multi-dimensional system over a point relating to all matters while capturing the central core of the matter. The seemingly unmanageable multidimensional logic was strengthened by verification processes which affirmed its further extensions, and made up the language of the people, the concepts of yin-yang(阴阳), and the development of extensions of Ba Gua(八卦) derivatives, which furthered the interpretation of the space-time properties and Chinese medicine.
基金funded by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82130122).
文摘The subnucleus reticularis dorsalis(SRD),also known as the dorsal reticular nucleus(DRt)or dorsal medullary reticular nucleus(MdD),which resides at the caudal end of the medulla,plays a pivotal role in regulating pain perception.Despite extensive research efforts to unravel its mechanisms,the operational intricacies of SRD remain poorly understood.Advances in experimental methodologies such as brain imaging and chemogenetics have facilitated deeper investigations into the involvement of SRD in various pain disorders.This comprehensive review aims to analyze 36 years(1989–2024)of preclinical research highlighting the critical role of SRD in diffuse noxious inhibitory control(DNIC),also known as conditioned pain modulation(CPM)in humans,and its interconnected neural circuits.Moreover,this review explores the neural circuits related to SRD,including locus coeruleus(LC)-SRD,parabrachial nucleus(PBN)-SRD,rostroventromedial medulla(RVM)-ventrolateral medulla(VLM)-SRD,anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)-SRD,medial medullary reticular formation(mMRF)-SRD,and dorsal striatum(DS)-SRD.Their activation also plays a significant role in analgesia.The pivotal roles of neurotransmitters such asμ-opioid receptor(MOR),noradrenaline,and metabotropic glutamate receptor 7(mGluR7)in modulating SRD responsiveness to pain stimuli are also discussed,as are the influences of SRD on different pain types.This review identified promising avenues for innovative analgesic treatments by shedding light on potential therapeutic strategies targeting SRD.
基金supported by the External Cooperation Program of Science and Technology of Fujian Province,China(2024I0016)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZQN-1005).
文摘Multilevel coding(MLC)is a commonly used polar coded modulation scheme,but challenging to implement in engineering due to its high complexity and long decoding delay for high-order modulations.To address these limitations,a novel two-level serially concatenated MLC scheme,in which the bitlevels with similar reliability are bundled and transmitted together,is proposed.The proposed scheme hierarchically protects the two bit-level sets:the bitlevel sets at the higher level are sufficiently reliable and do not require excessive resources for protection,whereas only the bit-level sets at the lower level are encoded by polar codes.The proposed scheme has the advantages of low power consumption,low delay and high reliability.Moreover,an optimized constellation signal labeling rule that can enhance the performance is proposed.Finally,the superiority of the proposed scheme is validated through the theoretical analysis and simulation results.Compared with the bit interleaving coding modulation(BICM)scheme,under 256-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM),the proposed scheme attains a performance gain of 1.0 dB while reducing the decoding complexity by 54.55%.
文摘This paper explores whole-process engineering consulting,including its application models in public buildings and elderly-friendly projects,such as service integration and whole lifecycle management.It also addresses the construction of multi-dimensional collaborative theoretical models,public space streamline organization,and other aspects,emphasizing the importance of multi-dimensional collaboration.Additionally,it highlights the role of talent cultivation and digital transformation in enhancing project efficiency.
基金the financial support from the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(grant no.2021GXNSFDA075012,2023GXNSFGA026002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104298,22075073,52362027,52462029)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(531107051077).
文摘Stress accumulation is a key factor leading to sodium storage performance deterioration for NiSe_(2)-based anodes.Therefore,inhibiting the concentrated local stress during the sodiataion/desodiation process is crucial for acquiring stable NiSe2-based materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),Herein,a stress dissipation strategy driven by architecture engineering is proposed,which can achieve ultrafast and ultralong sodium storage properties.Different from the conventional sphere-like or rod-like architecture,the three-dimensional(3D)flower-like NiSe_(2)@C composite is delicately designed and assembled with onedimensional nanorods and carbon framework.More importantly,the fundamental mechanism of improved structure stability is unveiled by simulations and experimental results simultaneously.It demonstrates that this designed multidimensional flower-like architecture with dispersed nanorods can balance the structural mismatch,avoid concentrated local strain,and relax the internal stress,mainly induced by the unavoidable volume variation during the repeated conversion processes.Moreover,it can provide more Na^(+)-storage sites and multi-directional migration pathways,leading to a fast Na^(+)-migration channel with boosted reaction kinetic.As expected,it delivers superior rate performance(441 mA h g^(-1)at 5.0 A g^(-1))and long cycling stability(563 mA h g^(-1)at 1.0 A g^(-1)over 1000 cycles)for SIBs.This work provides useful insights for designing high-performance conversion-based anode materials for SIBs.
