Verticillium wilt,caused by the infamous pathogen Verticillium dahliae,presents a primary constraint on cotton cul-tivation worldwide.The complexity of disease resistance in cotton and the largely unexplored interacti...Verticillium wilt,caused by the infamous pathogen Verticillium dahliae,presents a primary constraint on cotton cul-tivation worldwide.The complexity of disease resistance in cotton and the largely unexplored interaction dynamics between the cotton plant host and V.dahliae pathogen pose a crucial predicament for effectively managing cotton Verticillium wilt.Nevertheless,the most cost-effective approach to controlling this disease involves breeding and cul-tivating resistant cotton varieties,demanding a meticulous analysis of the mechanisms underlying cotton’s resistance to Verticillium wilt and the identification of pivotal genes.These aspects constitute focal points in disease-resistance breeding programs.In this review,we comprehensively discuss genetic inheritance associated with Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton,the advancements in molecular markers for disease resistance,the functional investiga-tion of resistance genes in cotton,the analysis of pathogenicity genes in V.dahliae,as well as the intricate interplay between cotton and this fungus.Moreover,we delve into the future prospects of cutting-edge research on cotton Verticillium wilt,aiming to proffer valuable insights for the effective management of this devastating fungus.展开更多
In order to explore the effect mechanism of solvent on the synthesis of the metal organic framework materials, the microscopic interaction between solvent and framework and the effects of N,N-dimethyl-formamide(DMF) o...In order to explore the effect mechanism of solvent on the synthesis of the metal organic framework materials, the microscopic interaction between solvent and framework and the effects of N,N-dimethyl-formamide(DMF) or N-methyl- 2-pyrrolidone(NMP) on solvothermal synthesis of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 were investigated through a combined DFT and experimental study. XRD and SEM showed that the absorbability of NMP in the pore of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 was weaker than that of DMF. The thermal decomposition temperature of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 synthesized in DMF was higher than that in NMP according to TG and FT-IR. In addition, the nitrogen sorption isotherms indicated that NMP improved gas sorption property of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8. The COSMO optimized calculations indicated that the total energy of Zn4O(BDC)3 in NMP was higher than that in DMF, and compared with non-solvent system, the charge of zinc atoms decreased and the charge value was the smallest in NMP. Furthermore, the interaction of DMF, NMP or DEF in [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 crystal model was calculated by DFT method. The results suggested that NMP should be easier to be removed from pore of materials than DMF from the point of view of energy state. It can be concluded that NMP was a favorable solvent to synthesize [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 and the microscopic mechanism was that the binding force between Zn4O(BDC)3 and NMP molecule was weaker than DMF.展开更多
Maintaining the integrity and longevity of structures is essential in many industries,such as aerospace,nuclear,and petroleum.To achieve the cost-effectiveness of large-scale systems in petroleum drilling,a strong emp...Maintaining the integrity and longevity of structures is essential in many industries,such as aerospace,nuclear,and petroleum.To achieve the cost-effectiveness of large-scale systems in petroleum drilling,a strong emphasis on structural durability and monitoring is required.This study focuses on the mechanical vibrations that occur in rotary drilling systems,which have a substantial impact on the structural integrity of drilling equipment.The study specifically investigates axial,torsional,and lateral vibrations,which might lead to negative consequences such as bit-bounce,chaotic whirling,and high-frequency stick-slip.These events not only hinder the efficiency of drilling but also lead to exhaustion and harm to the system’s components since they are difficult to be detected and controlled in real time.The study investigates the dynamic interactions of these vibrations,specifically in their high-frequency modes,usingfield data obtained from measurement while drilling.Thefindings have demonstrated the effect of strong coupling between the high-frequency modes of these vibrations on drilling sys-tem performance.The obtained results highlight the importance of considering the interconnected impacts of these vibrations when designing and implementing robust control systems.Therefore,integrating these compo-nents can increase the durability of drill bits and drill strings,as well as improve the ability to monitor and detect damage.Moreover,by exploiting thesefindings,the assessment of structural resilience in rotary drilling systems can be enhanced.Furthermore,the study demonstrates the capacity of structural health monitoring to improve the quality,dependability,and efficiency of rotary drilling systems in the petroleum industry.展开更多
The multi-dimensional interactive teaching model significantly enhances the effectiveness of college English instruction by emphasizing dynamic engagement between teachers and students,as well as among students themse...The multi-dimensional interactive teaching model significantly enhances the effectiveness of college English instruction by emphasizing dynamic engagement between teachers and students,as well as among students themselves.This paper explores practical strategies for implementing this model,focusing on four key aspects:deepening teachers’understanding of the model through continuous learning,innovating interactive methods such as questioning techniques and practical activities,leveraging modern technology to integrate resources and track learning progress,and establishing a communication platform that centers on student participation.By adopting these approaches,the model fosters a student-centered classroom environment,improves comprehensive English application skills,and optimizes overall teaching quality.展开更多
Bacillus mucilaginosus is a common soil bacterium,and usually used as a model bacterium in studying microbe-mineral interactions.Several reaction mechanisms of B.mucilaginosus weathering silicate minerals were propose...Bacillus mucilaginosus is a common soil bacterium,and usually used as a model bacterium in studying microbe-mineral interactions.Several reaction mechanisms of B.mucilaginosus weathering silicate minerals were proposed.However,the molecule mechanisms and detailed processes were still unclear.In this paper,bacterium-mineral interactions were studied in terms of variations in pH value over the experimental period,variations in mineral composition,weathering rates of silicate minerals and volatile metabolites in the culture medium,etc.,to further explore the bacterium-mineral interaction mechanisms.The results showed that B.mucilaginosus could enhance silicate mineral weathering obviously.The weathering rates were quite different for various kinds of silicate minerals,and the weathering rate of weathered adamellite could reach 150 mg/m2/d.Although B.mucilaginosus produced little acidic substance,pH in the microenvironment of bacterium-mineral complex might be far lower than that of the circumjacent environment;a large amount of acetic acid was found in the metabolites,and was likely to play an important role as a ligand.These results appear to suggest that acidolysis and ligand degradation are the main mechanisms of B.mucilaginosus dissolving silicate minerals,the formation of bacterium-mineral complexes is the necessary condition for the bacteria weathering silicate minerals,and extracelluar polysaccharides played important roles in bacterium-mineral interaction processes by forming bacterium-mineral complexes and maintaining the spe-cial physicochemical properties of microenvironment.展开更多
Dielectric-magnetic integrated absorbers have attracted arousing attention in microwave absorption,however,it still remains a great challenge to simultaneously achieve superior dielectric polarization and strong magne...Dielectric-magnetic integrated absorbers have attracted arousing attention in microwave absorption,however,it still remains a great challenge to simultaneously achieve superior dielectric polarization and strong magnetic loss.Herein,we propose a multi-scale structure optimization strategy to anchor CoNiMOFs derived OD CoNi alloy onto 1 D core-shell Ni@C surface.By decorating with the poly-dopamine layer,the connection between 1 D NiO and CoNi-MOFs precursors was greatly improved via the electrostatic interaction.Benefiting from the overlapping conductive networks,enhanced interfacial polarization among the multi-dimensional heterogeneous interfaces and strong magnetic interaction,the fabricated multi-dimensional Ni@C-CoNi composites exhibit outstanding microwave absorption.Typically,the optimal reflection loss is as high as-51.4 dB at 1.9 mm,and the effective absorption bandwidth achieves 4.6 GHz with a thickness of only 1.3 mm.This multi-scale structure optimization strategy inspires us with an efficient method to fabricate ideal microwave absorbers and the obtained multi-dimensional composites can be used as promising candidates in electromagnetic radiation protection.展开更多
Water–rock interaction(WRI)is a topic of interest in geology and geotechnical engineering.Many geological hazards and engineering safety problems are severe under the WRI.This study focuses on the water weakening of ...Water–rock interaction(WRI)is a topic of interest in geology and geotechnical engineering.Many geological hazards and engineering safety problems are severe under the WRI.This study focuses on the water weakening of rock strength and its infuencing factors(water content,immersion time,and wetting–drying cycles).The strength of the rock mass decreases to varying degrees with water content,immersion time,and wetting–drying cycles depending on the rock mass type and mineral composition.The corresponding acoustic emission count and intensity and infrared radiation intensity also weaken accordingly.WRI enhances the plasticity of rock mass and reduces its brittleness.Various microscopic methods for studying the pore characterization and weakening mechanism of the WRI were compared and analyzed.Various methods should be adopted to study the pore evolution of WRI comprehensively.Microscopic methods are used to study the weakening mechanism of WRI.In future work,the mechanical parameters of rocks weakened under long-term water immersion(over years)should be considered,and more attention should be paid to how the laboratory scale is applied to the engineering scale.展开更多
The interaction mechanism between the combustion products of pulverized coal injected and coke in the raceway of blast furnace was studied through thermodynamic calculation and experiments.The results indicated that a...The interaction mechanism between the combustion products of pulverized coal injected and coke in the raceway of blast furnace was studied through thermodynamic calculation and experiments.The results indicated that additives significantly affected the melting property of coal ash in high temperature zone.Although the unburnt char,raw coal ash,and catalyzed coal ash failed to wet the coke surface,the wettability of the catalyzed coal ash on the coke was greater than that of the raw coal ash.Since the unburnt char had weak reaction with the coke surface,it showed little influence on the surface morphology of the coke.The interaction between the raw coal ash and the coke gave rise to the increase in the pore size on the coke surface.However,the raw coal ash only affected the coke surface and the entrances of the pores owing to its poor fluidity.After being melted,the catalyzed coal ash was expected to immerge into the inside part of the coke and then react with the coke,resulting in an expansion and increase of coke cavities.The raw coal ash and the unburnt char reduced the coke reactivity,while the catalyzed coal ash improved the coke reactivity.Thereinto,the coal ash containing Fe2O3 exhibited a larger influence on the reactivity than that containing CaO.展开更多
Dissolved organic matter（DOM） is ubiquitous in the environment and has high reactivity.Once engineered nanoparticles（ENPs） are released into natural systems, interactions of DOM with ENPs may significantly affect ...Dissolved organic matter（DOM） is ubiquitous in the environment and has high reactivity.Once engineered nanoparticles（ENPs） are released into natural systems, interactions of DOM with ENPs may significantly affect the fate and transport of ENPs, as well as the bioavailability and toxicity of ENPs to organisms. However, because of the complexity of DOM and the shortage of useful characterization methods, large knowledge gaps exist in our understanding of the interactions between DOM and ENPs. In this article, we systematically reviewed the interactions between DOM and ENPs, discussed the effects of DOM on the environmental behavior of ENPs, and described the changes in bioavailability and toxicity of ENPs caused by DOM. Critical evaluations of published references suggest further need for assessing and predicting the influences of DOM on the transport,transformation, bioavailability, and toxicity of ENPs in the environment.展开更多
The mechanism of interaction relation between the rare-earth element Ce and elements Pb and Bi in Ag-based filler metal has been studied. The results show that the compounds CePb and CeBi with high melting point can b...The mechanism of interaction relation between the rare-earth element Ce and elements Pb and Bi in Ag-based filler metal has been studied. The results show that the compounds CePb and CeBi with high melting point can be easily produced between these three elements in the filler metal, which greatly limited the formation of the isolated phase Pb or Bi and also eliminated the bad effect of impurity elements Pb and Bi on the spreading property of Ag-based filler metal. The metallurgical and quantum-mechanical bond formation analysis show that a strong chemical affinity was existed between the rare-earth element Ce and impurity elements Pb and Bi, which was proved by the XRD analysis results.展开更多
A series of novel chalcone derivatives that contain the 1,1-dichloropropene moiety was designed and synthesized. Bioactivity assays showed that most of the target compounds exhibited moderate to good antiviral activit...A series of novel chalcone derivatives that contain the 1,1-dichloropropene moiety was designed and synthesized. Bioactivity assays showed that most of the target compounds exhibited moderate to good antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus（TMV） at 500 mg/m L. Among the target compounds,compound 7h showed the highest in vivo inactivation activity against TMV with the EC50 and EC90value of 45.6 and 327.5 mg/m L, respectively, which was similar to that of Ningnanmycin（46.9 and 329.4 mg/m L）and superior to that of Ribavirin（145.1 and 793.1 mg/m L）. Meanwhile, the microscale thermophoresis and fluorescence spectroscopy experiments showed that the compound 7h had a strong interaction with the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein.展开更多
In this paper, the tropical air-sea interaction is discussed by using a simple air-sea coupled model, in which the inertia-gravity waves are filtered off and only the equatorial Rossby waves are reserved in both the a...In this paper, the tropical air-sea interaction is discussed by using a simple air-sea coupled model, in which the inertia-gravity waves are filtered off and only the equatorial Rossby waves are reserved in both the atmosphere and the ocean. There exist two kinds of air-sea interaction waves in the coupled model, that is, the high-frequency fast waves and the low-frequency slow waves. The phase speed of the fast waves is westward and the frequencies are close to those of the equatorial Rossby waves in the atmosphere. The slow waves propagate westward in the part of short wavelengths and eastward in that of long wavelengths. There exist instabilities for both the westward and eastward propagating slow waves. If the fast waves are filtered off, there is little effect on the slow waves which have great influence on the long range process in the tropical air-sea coupled system. According to the tropical air-sea interaction waves we obtain here, a possible explanation to the propagating process of ENSO events is given.展开更多
Barite/TiO2 composite particle(B/TCP)was prepared by coating TiO2 on the surfaces of barite particles through mechano-chemical method.The preparation parameters and pigment properties of B/TCP as well as the interacti...Barite/TiO2 composite particle(B/TCP)was prepared by coating TiO2 on the surfaces of barite particles through mechano-chemical method.The preparation parameters and pigment properties of B/TCP as well as the interaction mechanism between barite and TiO2 were studied.The results indicated that the mechanical co-grinding process and the proportion of TiO2 affected the properties of B/TCP significantly.B/TCP prepared under optimal conditions was similar to TiO2 in pigment properties.It was mainly the strong electrostatic attraction between barite and TiO2 in water that combined them firmly and then formed B/TCP.展开更多
Objective Shale gas is as an important kind of unconventional natural gas,with a great resource potential,and its exploration and development has attracted much attention around the world.Organic matter（OM）pores are...Objective Shale gas is as an important kind of unconventional natural gas,with a great resource potential,and its exploration and development has attracted much attention around the world.Organic matter（OM）pores are a common constituent in shales and form the dominant pore network of many shale gas systems.展开更多
The interaction mechanism and phase evolution of ammonium polyphosphate（APP）mixed with muscovite（APP/muscovite）were studied by TG,XRD and SEM,respectively,during heating.When the temperature is not higher than 300...The interaction mechanism and phase evolution of ammonium polyphosphate（APP）mixed with muscovite（APP/muscovite）were studied by TG,XRD and SEM,respectively,during heating.When the temperature is not higher than 300 ℃,muscovite has no effect on the thermaldecomposition of APP,and the initialdecomposition temperature of APP/muscovite at 283 ℃ is basically the same as the APP at 295 ℃,and the main thermaldecomposition products are polyphosphoric acid and NH_4H_2PO_4 at 300 ℃.The polyphosphoric acid,the decomposition products of APP,can enable K and Siout of muscovite and interact with muscovite chemically to generate Al_2O_3·2SiO_2,α-SiO_2 and phosphates（AlPO_4 and K_5P_3O_（10））compounds during 400 ℃-800 ℃,which own obvious adhesive phenomenon and porous structure with the apparent porosity of 58.4%.Further reactions between phosphates other than reactions among Al_2O_3·2SiO_2 and α-SiO_2 can generate KAlP_2O_7 at 1 000 ℃ and the density of residualproduct is improved by low melting point phosphate filling pore to form relatively dense structure and decrease the apparent porosity to 44.4%.The flame resistant and self-supported ceramic materials are expected to enhance the fire-retarding synergistic effect between APP and muscovite.展开更多
Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) and tuberculosis(TB) coinfection is a serious public health problem. HIV and TB promote each other, accelerating development of HIV to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) and hei...Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) and tuberculosis(TB) coinfection is a serious public health problem. HIV and TB promote each other, accelerating development of HIV to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) and heightening TB mortality. Determining interaction mechanism between HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis can lead to development of effective treatments. This study summarizes prevalence status of AIDS and TB coinfection and research advances concerning their interaction mechanism.展开更多
This review focuses on the occurrence and interactions of engineered nanoparticles(ENPs)and brominated flame retardants(BFRs)such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in water systems and the generation of highly c...This review focuses on the occurrence and interactions of engineered nanoparticles(ENPs)and brominated flame retardants(BFRs)such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in water systems and the generation of highly complex compounds in the environment.The release of ENPs and BFRs(e.g.PBDEs)to aquatic environments during their usage and disposal are summarised together with their key interaction mechanisms.The major interaction mechanisms including electrostatic,van derWaals,hydrophobic,molecular bridging and steric,hydrogen andπ-bonding,cation bridging and ligand exchange were identified.The presence of ENPs could influence the fate and behaviour of PBDEs through the interactions as well as induced reactions under certain conditions which increases the formation of complex compounds.The interaction leads to alteration of behaviour for PBDEs and their toxic effects to ecological receptors.The intermingled compound(ENPs-BFRs)would show different behaviour from the parental ENPs or BFRs,which are currently lack of investigation.This review provided insights on the interactions of ENPs and BFRs in artificial,environmental water systems and wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),which are important for a comprehensive risk assessment.展开更多
Based on analysis of core observation, thin sections, cathodoluminescence, scanning electron microscope(SEM), etc., and geochemical testing of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes composition, element content, fluid incl...Based on analysis of core observation, thin sections, cathodoluminescence, scanning electron microscope(SEM), etc., and geochemical testing of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes composition, element content, fluid inclusions, and formation water, the fluid interaction mechanism and diagenetic reformation of fracture-pore basement reservoirs of epimetamorphic pyroclastic rock in the Beier Sag, Hailar Basin were studied. The results show that:(1) Two suites of reservoirs were developed in the basement, the weathering section and interior section, the interior section has a good reservoir zone reaching the standard of type I reservoir.(2) The secondary pores are formed by dissolution of carbonate minerals, feldspar, and tuff etc.(3) The diagenetic fluids include atmospheric freshwater, deep magmatic hydrothermal fluid, organic acids and hydrocarbon-bearing fluids.(4) The reservoir diagenetic reformation can be divided into four stages: initial consolidation, early supergene weathering-leaching, middle structural fracture-cementation-dissolution, and late organic acid-magmatic hydrothermal superimposed dissolution. Among them, the second and fourth stages are the stages for the formation of weathering crust and interior dissolution pore-cave reservoirs, respectively.展开更多
Certain insect species have been observed to exploit the resonance mechanism of their wings.In order to achieve resonance and optimize aerodynamic performance,the conventional approach is to set the flapping frequency...Certain insect species have been observed to exploit the resonance mechanism of their wings.In order to achieve resonance and optimize aerodynamic performance,the conventional approach is to set the flapping frequency of flexible wings based on the Traditional Structural Modal(TSM)analysis.However,there exists controversy among researchers regarding the relationship between frequency and aerodynamic performance.Recognizing that the structural response of wings can be influenced by the surrounding air vibrations,an analysis known as Acoustic Structure Interaction Modal(ASIM)is introduced to calculate the resonant frequency.In this study,Fluid Structure Interaction(FSI)simulations are employed to investigate the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings at modal frequencies derived from both TSM and ASIM analyses.The performance is evaluated for various mass ratios and frequency ratios,and the findings indicate that the deformation and changes in vortex structure exhibit similarities at mass ratios that yield the highest aerodynamic performance.Notably,the flapping frequency associated with the maximum time-averaged vertical force coefficient at each mass ratio closely aligns with the ASIM frequency,as does the frequency corresponding to maximum efficiency.Thus,the ASIM analysis can provide an effective means for predicting the optimal flapping frequency for flexible wings.Furthermore,it enables the prediction that flexible wings with varying mass ratios will exhibit similar deformation and vortex structure changes.This paper offers a fresh perspective on the ongoing debate concerning the resonance mechanism of Flexible Flapping Wings(FFWs)and proposes an effective methodology for predicting their aerodynamic performance.展开更多
Haptic interaction plays an important role in the virtual reality technology,which let a person not only view the 3D virtual environment but also realistically touch the virtual environment.As a key part of haptic int...Haptic interaction plays an important role in the virtual reality technology,which let a person not only view the 3D virtual environment but also realistically touch the virtual environment.As a key part of haptic interaction,force feedback has become an essential function for the haptic interaction.Therefore,multi-dimensional force sensors are widely used in the fields of virtual reality and augmented reality.In this paper,some conventional multi-dimensional force sensors based on different measurement principles,such as resistive,capacitive,piezoelectric,are briefly introduced.Then the mechanical structures of the elastic body of multi-dimensional force sensors are reviewed.It is obvious that the performance of the multi-dimensional force sensor is mainly dependent upon the mechanical structure of elastic body.Furthermore,the calibration process of the force sensor is analyzed,and problems in calibration are discussed.Interdimensional coupling error is one of the main factors affecting the measurement precision of the multi-dimensional force sensors.Therefore,reducing or even eliminating dimensional coupling error becomes a fundamental requirement in the design of multi-dimensional force sensors,and the decoupling state-of-art of the multi-dimensional force sensors are introduced in this paper.At last,the trends and current challenges of multi-dimensional force sensing technology are proposed.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201752)Xinjiang Tianchi Talents Program (TCYC2023TP02)Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (2024DA001)
文摘Verticillium wilt,caused by the infamous pathogen Verticillium dahliae,presents a primary constraint on cotton cul-tivation worldwide.The complexity of disease resistance in cotton and the largely unexplored interaction dynamics between the cotton plant host and V.dahliae pathogen pose a crucial predicament for effectively managing cotton Verticillium wilt.Nevertheless,the most cost-effective approach to controlling this disease involves breeding and cul-tivating resistant cotton varieties,demanding a meticulous analysis of the mechanisms underlying cotton’s resistance to Verticillium wilt and the identification of pivotal genes.These aspects constitute focal points in disease-resistance breeding programs.In this review,we comprehensively discuss genetic inheritance associated with Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton,the advancements in molecular markers for disease resistance,the functional investiga-tion of resistance genes in cotton,the analysis of pathogenicity genes in V.dahliae,as well as the intricate interplay between cotton and this fungus.Moreover,we delve into the future prospects of cutting-edge research on cotton Verticillium wilt,aiming to proffer valuable insights for the effective management of this devastating fungus.
基金Project(51104185)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2010QZZD003)supported by the Key Project of Central South University of Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China
文摘In order to explore the effect mechanism of solvent on the synthesis of the metal organic framework materials, the microscopic interaction between solvent and framework and the effects of N,N-dimethyl-formamide(DMF) or N-methyl- 2-pyrrolidone(NMP) on solvothermal synthesis of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 were investigated through a combined DFT and experimental study. XRD and SEM showed that the absorbability of NMP in the pore of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 was weaker than that of DMF. The thermal decomposition temperature of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 synthesized in DMF was higher than that in NMP according to TG and FT-IR. In addition, the nitrogen sorption isotherms indicated that NMP improved gas sorption property of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8. The COSMO optimized calculations indicated that the total energy of Zn4O(BDC)3 in NMP was higher than that in DMF, and compared with non-solvent system, the charge of zinc atoms decreased and the charge value was the smallest in NMP. Furthermore, the interaction of DMF, NMP or DEF in [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 crystal model was calculated by DFT method. The results suggested that NMP should be easier to be removed from pore of materials than DMF from the point of view of energy state. It can be concluded that NMP was a favorable solvent to synthesize [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 and the microscopic mechanism was that the binding force between Zn4O(BDC)3 and NMP molecule was weaker than DMF.
文摘Maintaining the integrity and longevity of structures is essential in many industries,such as aerospace,nuclear,and petroleum.To achieve the cost-effectiveness of large-scale systems in petroleum drilling,a strong emphasis on structural durability and monitoring is required.This study focuses on the mechanical vibrations that occur in rotary drilling systems,which have a substantial impact on the structural integrity of drilling equipment.The study specifically investigates axial,torsional,and lateral vibrations,which might lead to negative consequences such as bit-bounce,chaotic whirling,and high-frequency stick-slip.These events not only hinder the efficiency of drilling but also lead to exhaustion and harm to the system’s components since they are difficult to be detected and controlled in real time.The study investigates the dynamic interactions of these vibrations,specifically in their high-frequency modes,usingfield data obtained from measurement while drilling.Thefindings have demonstrated the effect of strong coupling between the high-frequency modes of these vibrations on drilling sys-tem performance.The obtained results highlight the importance of considering the interconnected impacts of these vibrations when designing and implementing robust control systems.Therefore,integrating these compo-nents can increase the durability of drill bits and drill strings,as well as improve the ability to monitor and detect damage.Moreover,by exploiting thesefindings,the assessment of structural resilience in rotary drilling systems can be enhanced.Furthermore,the study demonstrates the capacity of structural health monitoring to improve the quality,dependability,and efficiency of rotary drilling systems in the petroleum industry.
文摘The multi-dimensional interactive teaching model significantly enhances the effectiveness of college English instruction by emphasizing dynamic engagement between teachers and students,as well as among students themselves.This paper explores practical strategies for implementing this model,focusing on four key aspects:deepening teachers’understanding of the model through continuous learning,innovating interactive methods such as questioning techniques and practical activities,leveraging modern technology to integrate resources and track learning progress,and establishing a communication platform that centers on student participation.By adopting these approaches,the model fosters a student-centered classroom environment,improves comprehensive English application skills,and optimizes overall teaching quality.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2008AA06Z108)
文摘Bacillus mucilaginosus is a common soil bacterium,and usually used as a model bacterium in studying microbe-mineral interactions.Several reaction mechanisms of B.mucilaginosus weathering silicate minerals were proposed.However,the molecule mechanisms and detailed processes were still unclear.In this paper,bacterium-mineral interactions were studied in terms of variations in pH value over the experimental period,variations in mineral composition,weathering rates of silicate minerals and volatile metabolites in the culture medium,etc.,to further explore the bacterium-mineral interaction mechanisms.The results showed that B.mucilaginosus could enhance silicate mineral weathering obviously.The weathering rates were quite different for various kinds of silicate minerals,and the weathering rate of weathered adamellite could reach 150 mg/m2/d.Although B.mucilaginosus produced little acidic substance,pH in the microenvironment of bacterium-mineral complex might be far lower than that of the circumjacent environment;a large amount of acetic acid was found in the metabolites,and was likely to play an important role as a ligand.These results appear to suggest that acidolysis and ligand degradation are the main mechanisms of B.mucilaginosus dissolving silicate minerals,the formation of bacterium-mineral complexes is the necessary condition for the bacteria weathering silicate minerals,and extracelluar polysaccharides played important roles in bacterium-mineral interaction processes by forming bacterium-mineral complexes and maintaining the spe-cial physicochemical properties of microenvironment.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52173254,11975124)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20211200)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (No.2022JM-260)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2020M681601)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos.30920041103,30920021107)the Shanghai Key Laboratory of R&D for Metallic Functional Materials (2021-01)the Open Fund from Henan University of Science and Technology。
文摘Dielectric-magnetic integrated absorbers have attracted arousing attention in microwave absorption,however,it still remains a great challenge to simultaneously achieve superior dielectric polarization and strong magnetic loss.Herein,we propose a multi-scale structure optimization strategy to anchor CoNiMOFs derived OD CoNi alloy onto 1 D core-shell Ni@C surface.By decorating with the poly-dopamine layer,the connection between 1 D NiO and CoNi-MOFs precursors was greatly improved via the electrostatic interaction.Benefiting from the overlapping conductive networks,enhanced interfacial polarization among the multi-dimensional heterogeneous interfaces and strong magnetic interaction,the fabricated multi-dimensional Ni@C-CoNi composites exhibit outstanding microwave absorption.Typically,the optimal reflection loss is as high as-51.4 dB at 1.9 mm,and the effective absorption bandwidth achieves 4.6 GHz with a thickness of only 1.3 mm.This multi-scale structure optimization strategy inspires us with an efficient method to fabricate ideal microwave absorbers and the obtained multi-dimensional composites can be used as promising candidates in electromagnetic radiation protection.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104155)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(8212032)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023YQNY).
文摘Water–rock interaction(WRI)is a topic of interest in geology and geotechnical engineering.Many geological hazards and engineering safety problems are severe under the WRI.This study focuses on the water weakening of rock strength and its infuencing factors(water content,immersion time,and wetting–drying cycles).The strength of the rock mass decreases to varying degrees with water content,immersion time,and wetting–drying cycles depending on the rock mass type and mineral composition.The corresponding acoustic emission count and intensity and infrared radiation intensity also weaken accordingly.WRI enhances the plasticity of rock mass and reduces its brittleness.Various microscopic methods for studying the pore characterization and weakening mechanism of the WRI were compared and analyzed.Various methods should be adopted to study the pore evolution of WRI comprehensively.Microscopic methods are used to study the weakening mechanism of WRI.In future work,the mechanical parameters of rocks weakened under long-term water immersion(over years)should be considered,and more attention should be paid to how the laboratory scale is applied to the engineering scale.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51374166, 51574189)the Natural Science Foundation Research Project of Shaanxi,China(No.2016JQ5041)the Shaanxi Province Department of Education Fund, China(No.16JK1450)
文摘The interaction mechanism between the combustion products of pulverized coal injected and coke in the raceway of blast furnace was studied through thermodynamic calculation and experiments.The results indicated that additives significantly affected the melting property of coal ash in high temperature zone.Although the unburnt char,raw coal ash,and catalyzed coal ash failed to wet the coke surface,the wettability of the catalyzed coal ash on the coke was greater than that of the raw coal ash.Since the unburnt char had weak reaction with the coke surface,it showed little influence on the surface morphology of the coke.The interaction between the raw coal ash and the coke gave rise to the increase in the pore size on the coke surface.However,the raw coal ash only affected the coke surface and the entrances of the pores owing to its poor fluidity.After being melted,the catalyzed coal ash was expected to immerge into the inside part of the coke and then react with the coke,resulting in an expansion and increase of coke cavities.The raw coal ash and the unburnt char reduced the coke reactivity,while the catalyzed coal ash improved the coke reactivity.Thereinto,the coal ash containing Fe2O3 exhibited a larger influence on the reactivity than that containing CaO.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0203102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21227012, 21337004, 21507147)
文摘Dissolved organic matter（DOM） is ubiquitous in the environment and has high reactivity.Once engineered nanoparticles（ENPs） are released into natural systems, interactions of DOM with ENPs may significantly affect the fate and transport of ENPs, as well as the bioavailability and toxicity of ENPs to organisms. However, because of the complexity of DOM and the shortage of useful characterization methods, large knowledge gaps exist in our understanding of the interactions between DOM and ENPs. In this article, we systematically reviewed the interactions between DOM and ENPs, discussed the effects of DOM on the environmental behavior of ENPs, and described the changes in bioavailability and toxicity of ENPs caused by DOM. Critical evaluations of published references suggest further need for assessing and predicting the influences of DOM on the transport,transformation, bioavailability, and toxicity of ENPs in the environment.
文摘The mechanism of interaction relation between the rare-earth element Ce and elements Pb and Bi in Ag-based filler metal has been studied. The results show that the compounds CePb and CeBi with high melting point can be easily produced between these three elements in the filler metal, which greatly limited the formation of the isolated phase Pb or Bi and also eliminated the bad effect of impurity elements Pb and Bi on the spreading property of Ag-based filler metal. The metallurgical and quantum-mechanical bond formation analysis show that a strong chemical affinity was existed between the rare-earth element Ce and impurity elements Pb and Bi, which was proved by the XRD analysis results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21362004,21562013)Subsidy Project for Outstanding Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province in China(20154004)
文摘A series of novel chalcone derivatives that contain the 1,1-dichloropropene moiety was designed and synthesized. Bioactivity assays showed that most of the target compounds exhibited moderate to good antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus（TMV） at 500 mg/m L. Among the target compounds,compound 7h showed the highest in vivo inactivation activity against TMV with the EC50 and EC90value of 45.6 and 327.5 mg/m L, respectively, which was similar to that of Ningnanmycin（46.9 and 329.4 mg/m L）and superior to that of Ribavirin（145.1 and 793.1 mg/m L）. Meanwhile, the microscale thermophoresis and fluorescence spectroscopy experiments showed that the compound 7h had a strong interaction with the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein.
文摘In this paper, the tropical air-sea interaction is discussed by using a simple air-sea coupled model, in which the inertia-gravity waves are filtered off and only the equatorial Rossby waves are reserved in both the atmosphere and the ocean. There exist two kinds of air-sea interaction waves in the coupled model, that is, the high-frequency fast waves and the low-frequency slow waves. The phase speed of the fast waves is westward and the frequencies are close to those of the equatorial Rossby waves in the atmosphere. The slow waves propagate westward in the part of short wavelengths and eastward in that of long wavelengths. There exist instabilities for both the westward and eastward propagating slow waves. If the fast waves are filtered off, there is little effect on the slow waves which have great influence on the long range process in the tropical air-sea coupled system. According to the tropical air-sea interaction waves we obtain here, a possible explanation to the propagating process of ENSO events is given.
基金National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2008BAE60B06)Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z080003032208015)
文摘Barite/TiO2 composite particle(B/TCP)was prepared by coating TiO2 on the surfaces of barite particles through mechano-chemical method.The preparation parameters and pigment properties of B/TCP as well as the interaction mechanism between barite and TiO2 were studied.The results indicated that the mechanical co-grinding process and the proportion of TiO2 affected the properties of B/TCP significantly.B/TCP prepared under optimal conditions was similar to TiO2 in pigment properties.It was mainly the strong electrostatic attraction between barite and TiO2 in water that combined them firmly and then formed B/TCP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.41202103)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant No. 2016M591350)
文摘Objective Shale gas is as an important kind of unconventional natural gas,with a great resource potential,and its exploration and development has attracted much attention around the world.Organic matter（OM）pores are a common constituent in shales and form the dominant pore network of many shale gas systems.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51472188)
文摘The interaction mechanism and phase evolution of ammonium polyphosphate（APP）mixed with muscovite（APP/muscovite）were studied by TG,XRD and SEM,respectively,during heating.When the temperature is not higher than 300 ℃,muscovite has no effect on the thermaldecomposition of APP,and the initialdecomposition temperature of APP/muscovite at 283 ℃ is basically the same as the APP at 295 ℃,and the main thermaldecomposition products are polyphosphoric acid and NH_4H_2PO_4 at 300 ℃.The polyphosphoric acid,the decomposition products of APP,can enable K and Siout of muscovite and interact with muscovite chemically to generate Al_2O_3·2SiO_2,α-SiO_2 and phosphates（AlPO_4 and K_5P_3O_（10））compounds during 400 ℃-800 ℃,which own obvious adhesive phenomenon and porous structure with the apparent porosity of 58.4%.Further reactions between phosphates other than reactions among Al_2O_3·2SiO_2 and α-SiO_2 can generate KAlP_2O_7 at 1 000 ℃ and the density of residualproduct is improved by low melting point phosphate filling pore to form relatively dense structure and decrease the apparent porosity to 44.4%.The flame resistant and self-supported ceramic materials are expected to enhance the fire-retarding synergistic effect between APP and muscovite.
文摘Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) and tuberculosis(TB) coinfection is a serious public health problem. HIV and TB promote each other, accelerating development of HIV to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) and heightening TB mortality. Determining interaction mechanism between HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis can lead to development of effective treatments. This study summarizes prevalence status of AIDS and TB coinfection and research advances concerning their interaction mechanism.
文摘This review focuses on the occurrence and interactions of engineered nanoparticles(ENPs)and brominated flame retardants(BFRs)such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in water systems and the generation of highly complex compounds in the environment.The release of ENPs and BFRs(e.g.PBDEs)to aquatic environments during their usage and disposal are summarised together with their key interaction mechanisms.The major interaction mechanisms including electrostatic,van derWaals,hydrophobic,molecular bridging and steric,hydrogen andπ-bonding,cation bridging and ligand exchange were identified.The presence of ENPs could influence the fate and behaviour of PBDEs through the interactions as well as induced reactions under certain conditions which increases the formation of complex compounds.The interaction leads to alteration of behaviour for PBDEs and their toxic effects to ecological receptors.The intermingled compound(ENPs-BFRs)would show different behaviour from the parental ENPs or BFRs,which are currently lack of investigation.This review provided insights on the interactions of ENPs and BFRs in artificial,environmental water systems and wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),which are important for a comprehensive risk assessment.
基金Supported by the PetroChina Science and Technology Project(2017-5307034-000002).
文摘Based on analysis of core observation, thin sections, cathodoluminescence, scanning electron microscope(SEM), etc., and geochemical testing of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes composition, element content, fluid inclusions, and formation water, the fluid interaction mechanism and diagenetic reformation of fracture-pore basement reservoirs of epimetamorphic pyroclastic rock in the Beier Sag, Hailar Basin were studied. The results show that:(1) Two suites of reservoirs were developed in the basement, the weathering section and interior section, the interior section has a good reservoir zone reaching the standard of type I reservoir.(2) The secondary pores are formed by dissolution of carbonate minerals, feldspar, and tuff etc.(3) The diagenetic fluids include atmospheric freshwater, deep magmatic hydrothermal fluid, organic acids and hydrocarbon-bearing fluids.(4) The reservoir diagenetic reformation can be divided into four stages: initial consolidation, early supergene weathering-leaching, middle structural fracture-cementation-dissolution, and late organic acid-magmatic hydrothermal superimposed dissolution. Among them, the second and fourth stages are the stages for the formation of weathering crust and interior dissolution pore-cave reservoirs, respectively.
基金This study was co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52275293)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.2023A1515010774)+1 种基金the Basic Research Program of Shenzhen,China(No.JCYJ 20190806142816524)the National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerodynamic Design and Research,China(No.61422010301).
文摘Certain insect species have been observed to exploit the resonance mechanism of their wings.In order to achieve resonance and optimize aerodynamic performance,the conventional approach is to set the flapping frequency of flexible wings based on the Traditional Structural Modal(TSM)analysis.However,there exists controversy among researchers regarding the relationship between frequency and aerodynamic performance.Recognizing that the structural response of wings can be influenced by the surrounding air vibrations,an analysis known as Acoustic Structure Interaction Modal(ASIM)is introduced to calculate the resonant frequency.In this study,Fluid Structure Interaction(FSI)simulations are employed to investigate the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings at modal frequencies derived from both TSM and ASIM analyses.The performance is evaluated for various mass ratios and frequency ratios,and the findings indicate that the deformation and changes in vortex structure exhibit similarities at mass ratios that yield the highest aerodynamic performance.Notably,the flapping frequency associated with the maximum time-averaged vertical force coefficient at each mass ratio closely aligns with the ASIM frequency,as does the frequency corresponding to maximum efficiency.Thus,the ASIM analysis can provide an effective means for predicting the optimal flapping frequency for flexible wings.Furthermore,it enables the prediction that flexible wings with varying mass ratios will exhibit similar deformation and vortex structure changes.This paper offers a fresh perspective on the ongoing debate concerning the resonance mechanism of Flexible Flapping Wings(FFWs)and proposes an effective methodology for predicting their aerodynamic performance.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(U1713210).
文摘Haptic interaction plays an important role in the virtual reality technology,which let a person not only view the 3D virtual environment but also realistically touch the virtual environment.As a key part of haptic interaction,force feedback has become an essential function for the haptic interaction.Therefore,multi-dimensional force sensors are widely used in the fields of virtual reality and augmented reality.In this paper,some conventional multi-dimensional force sensors based on different measurement principles,such as resistive,capacitive,piezoelectric,are briefly introduced.Then the mechanical structures of the elastic body of multi-dimensional force sensors are reviewed.It is obvious that the performance of the multi-dimensional force sensor is mainly dependent upon the mechanical structure of elastic body.Furthermore,the calibration process of the force sensor is analyzed,and problems in calibration are discussed.Interdimensional coupling error is one of the main factors affecting the measurement precision of the multi-dimensional force sensors.Therefore,reducing or even eliminating dimensional coupling error becomes a fundamental requirement in the design of multi-dimensional force sensors,and the decoupling state-of-art of the multi-dimensional force sensors are introduced in this paper.At last,the trends and current challenges of multi-dimensional force sensing technology are proposed.
