Iron is an essential mineral element that plays important roles in plant growth,development,and human health.Peanut is a valuable source of iron for human nutrition.Improving iron content in peanut seeds can enhance b...Iron is an essential mineral element that plays important roles in plant growth,development,and human health.Peanut is a valuable source of iron for human nutrition.Improving iron content in peanut seeds can enhance both yield potential and nutritional value.In this study,the seed iron content of the 401 peanut germplasm accessions was estimated and substantial variation among these accessions was observed,ranging from 9.02 to 50.60 mg/kg.The seed iron content of valencia type accessions was significantly higher than that of Peruvian,Virginia,and Irregular types.Landraces showed the highest average iron content,followed by advanced cultivars,breeding lines and interspecific hybrid cultivars.Accessions with red seed coat exhibited significantly higher iron content compared with those with pink seed coat.Correlation analysis revealed that the seed iron content significantly negatively correlated with hundred seed weight(HSW),resveratrol and oleic acid.Eight accessions with high iron content were identified with an average iron content of 32.46 mg/kg,including two elite genotypes that Zh.h4280 showed high resveratrol levels(1057.34μg/kg)and Zh.h1976 exhibited large seeds(HSW over 90g).Association analysis identified four markers,one of which,AHGS2053 stably explained with 5.75%–5.84%phenotypic variation.Accessions containing the favorable allele AHGS2053-250bp exhibited significantly higher iron content compared to those with alternative alleles.The results provide valuable germplasm resources and associated markers for breeding programs targeting high iron content in peanuts.展开更多
Rural settlements are the main carriers of agriculture, rural areas and farmers; thus, optimizing the production and living space of rural settlements is highly significant to rural development. Taking the effective a...Rural settlements are the main carriers of agriculture, rural areas and farmers; thus, optimizing the production and living space of rural settlements is highly significant to rural development. Taking the effective allocation of resources as the starting point, a suitability evaluation system of rural settlements, based on accessibility of production and living, was proposed in this study to provide scientific basis for the optimization of production and living space. The accessibility of production and living was measured by an im- proved two-step floating catchment area method, which considered proximity and availability based on the inclination of rural residents. The suitability evaluation system consisted of traditional suitability evaluation and newly proposed limiting factor identification based on the loss score proportion of suitability. Tingzu Town of Hubei Province, China, was chosen as the case study area. Based on the re- suits of the suitability evaluation system, corresponding suggestions on rural land consolidation, industry division, as well as the layout of health care and education facilities were proposed to optimize the production and living space of rural settlements in Tingzu Town. It is found that the suitability evaluation based on accessibility of production and living is more scientific and accurate than the traditional ones which significantly overestimate production and living convenience. Moreover, the limiting factor identification can help us put forward suggestions according to local conditions and bring about the highly targeted optimization of production and living space of rural settlements.展开更多
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)disrupted healthcare and led to increased telehealth use.We explored the impact of COVID-19 on liver transplant evaluation(LTE).AIM To understand the impact of telehealth o...BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)disrupted healthcare and led to increased telehealth use.We explored the impact of COVID-19 on liver transplant evaluation(LTE).AIM To understand the impact of telehealth on LTE during COVID-19 and to identify disparities in outcomes disaggregated by sociodemographic factors.METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients who initiated LTE at our center from 3/16/20-3/16/21(“COVID-19 era”)and the year prior(3/16/19-3/15/20,“pre-COVID-19 era”).We compared LTE duration times between eras and explored the effects of telehealth and inpatient evaluations on LTE duration,listing,and pretransplant mortality.RESULTS One hundred and seventy-eight patients were included in the pre-COVID-19 era cohort and one hundred and ninety-nine in the COVID-19 era cohort.Twentynine percent(58/199)of COVID-19 era initial LTE were telehealth,compared to 0%(0/178)pre-COVID-19.There were more inpatient evaluations during COVID-19 era(40%vs 28%,P<0.01).Among outpatient encounters,telehealth use for initial LTE during COVID-19 era did not impact likelihood of listing,pretransplant mortality,or time to LTE and listing.Median times to LTE and listing during COVID-19 were shorter than pre-COVID-19,driven by increased inpatient evaluations.Sociodemographic factors were not predictive of telehealth.CONCLUSION COVID-19 demonstrates a shift to telehealth and inpatient LTE.Telehealth does not impact LTE or listing duration,likelihood of listing,or mortality,suggesting telehealth may facilitate LTE without negative outcomes.展开更多
Currently,data security and privacy protection are becoming more and more important.Access control is a method of authorization for users through predefined policies.Token-based access control(TBAC)enhances the manage...Currently,data security and privacy protection are becoming more and more important.Access control is a method of authorization for users through predefined policies.Token-based access control(TBAC)enhances the manageability of authorization through the token.However,traditional access control policies lack the ability to dynamically adjust based on user access behavior.Incorporating user reputation evaluation into access control can provide valuable feedback to enhance system security and flexibility.As a result,this paper proposes a blockchain-empowered TBAC system and introduces a user reputation evaluation module to provide feedback on access control.The TBAC system divides the access control process into three stages:policy upload,token request,and resource request.The user reputation evaluation module evaluates the user’s token reputation and resource reputation for the token request and resource request stages of the TBAC system.The proposed system is implemented using the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain.The TBAC system is evaluated to prove that it has high processing performance.The user reputation evaluation model is proved to be more conservative and sensitive by comparative study with other methods.In addition,the security analysis shows that the TBAC system has a certain anti-attack ability and can maintain stable operation under the Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attack environment.展开更多
`Introduction Open science is a set of principles and practices that aim to make scientific research accessible to everyone for the benefit of scientists and society.It includes sharing publications,data,software,and ...`Introduction Open science is a set of principles and practices that aim to make scientific research accessible to everyone for the benefit of scientists and society.It includes sharing publications,data,software,and hardware widely,and ensuring that the production of scientific knowledge is inclusive,equitable,and sustainable.展开更多
A review of the history of Chinese gardens beginning in the Shang Dynasty reveals that parks have become increasingly important to urban residents' lives; and hence, this paper proposes a methodology to evaluate t...A review of the history of Chinese gardens beginning in the Shang Dynasty reveals that parks have become increasingly important to urban residents' lives; and hence, this paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the suitability of parks. The analysis shows that suitability evaluations of urban parks should not be restricted to a park's basic functions, but should include a comprehensive evaluation of ecological value, cultural inheritance and feature construction. After describing the current literature of research on indices, categories, use conditions and landscape accessibility of domestic and foreign urban parks, the paper concludes with a framework for evaluating a park's suitability, i.e. the establishment of an integrated evaluation system, the selection of reasonable evaluation methods, and public participation as an indicator in the evaluation system, so as to ensure the validity of research results.展开更多
Performance of fixed relays in orthogonal frequency division multiple access （0FDMA） systems, especially the coverage and capacity performance at the cell edge, is evaluated in this paper. Two methods, theoretical a...Performance of fixed relays in orthogonal frequency division multiple access （0FDMA） systems, especially the coverage and capacity performance at the cell edge, is evaluated in this paper. Two methods, theoretical analysis and calculation and Monte Carlo simulation, are used for the evaluations. By theoreti- cal analysis and calculation, frequency efficiency equation of a relay is introduced and numerical results are calculated. Monte Carlo simulation results also verify that the calculation method is reasonable. The evaluation shows that a relay can increase system performance to a certain level if it is designed appropriately, otherwise it will be harmful for the system performance, even to reduce it.展开更多
This work aims to reduce queries on big data to computations on small data,and hence make querying big data possible under bounded resources.A query Q is boundedly evaluable when posed on any big dataset D,there exist...This work aims to reduce queries on big data to computations on small data,and hence make querying big data possible under bounded resources.A query Q is boundedly evaluable when posed on any big dataset D,there exists a fraction DQ of D such that Q(D)=Q(DQ),and the cost of identifying DQ is independent of the size of D.It has been shown that with an auxiliary structure known as access schema,many queries in relational algebra(RA)are boundedly evaluable under the set semantics of RA.This paper extends the theory of bounded evaluation to RAaggr,i.e.,RA extended with aggregation,under the bag semantics.(1)We extend access schema to bag access schema,to help us identify DQ for RAaggr queries Q.(2)While it is undecidable to determine whether an RAaggr query is boundedly evaluable under a bag access schema,we identify special cases that are decidable and practical.(3)In addition,we develop an effective syntax for bounded RAaggr queries,i.e.,a core subclass of boundedly evaluable RAaggr queries without sacrificing their expressive power.(4)Based on the effective syntax,we provide efficient algorithms to check the bounded evaluability of RAaggr queries and to generate query plans for bounded RAaggr queries.(5)As proof of concept,we extend PostgreSQL to support bounded evaluation.We experimentally verify that the extended system improves performance by orders of magnitude.展开更多
The objective of this study was to develop a method to assess and analyze the total allelopathic potential of crop germplasm and to test this method on four winter wheat accessions commonly planted in the Loess Platea...The objective of this study was to develop a method to assess and analyze the total allelopathic potential of crop germplasm and to test this method on four winter wheat accessions commonly planted in the Loess Plateau. A systems engineering model was developed and used to evaluate the total allelopathic potential of crop cultivars. In addition, a method for quantifying the total allelopathic potential in crop accessions was presented. Total allelopathic potential of four winter wheat accessions from the Loess Plateau was estimated and compared using a systems theory approach. The model assessed allelopathic potential in different parts of the plants from the time wheat turned green in spring until maturity. Results from these models indicated that the four wheat accessions had very weak allelopathic potential. Allelopathic potential declined in the order Xiaoyan 22 〉 Ningdong 1 〉 Fengchan 3 〉 Bima 1. This system engineering evaluation method allows for the assessment of allelopathic potential among crop varieties. It will help plant breeders to select and develop allelopathic crop accessions that combine weed suppression properties with agronomic traits related to yield and quality.展开更多
Objectives: The goal of this project was to evaluate the quality of the accessibility of the adult population to services in Primary Health Care, with a view to contribute to the development of measures that will prop...Objectives: The goal of this project was to evaluate the quality of the accessibility of the adult population to services in Primary Health Care, with a view to contribute to the development of measures that will propose improvement in the offered assistance. Methods: This is a quantitative and evaluative study made in the municipality of Santa Cruz, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, with a sample of 180 people. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte under Opinion number 152/2012. Results: It was found that the adult population classified the quality of care from regular to good, showing an association with the waiting time, time spent from the unit to one’s house and the reception. Conclusions: It could be concluded that this study contributes to the development of strategies able to provide a full and equitable care to the adult population in the primary health care network, since this is the gateway to other levels of care, because it aims to promote adult health and prevent diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Indications to refer patients with cirrhosis for liver transplant evaluation(LTE)include hepatic decompensation or a model for end stage liver disease(MELDNa)score≥15.Few studies have evaluated how delayin...BACKGROUND Indications to refer patients with cirrhosis for liver transplant evaluation(LTE)include hepatic decompensation or a model for end stage liver disease(MELDNa)score≥15.Few studies have evaluated how delaying referral beyond these criteria affects patient outcomes.AIM To evaluate clinical characteristics of patients undergoing inpatient LTE and to assess the effects of delayed LTE on patient outcomes(death,transplantation).METHODS This is a single center retrospective cohort study assessing all patients undergoing inpatient LTE(n=159)at a large quaternary care and liver transplant center between 10/23/2017-7/31/2021.Delayed referral was defined as having prior indication(decompensation,MELD-Na≥15)for LTE without referral.Early referral was defined as referrals made within 3 mo of having an indication based on practice guidelines.Logistic regression and Cox Hazard Regression were used to evaluate the relationship between delayed referral and patient outcomes.RESULTS Many patients who require expedited inpatient LTE had delayed referrals.Misconceptions regarding transplant candidacy were a leading cause of delayed referral.Ultimately,delayed referrals negatively affected overall patient outcome and an independent predictor of both death and not receiving a transplant.Delayed referral was associated with a 2.5 hazard risk of death.CONCLUSION Beyond initial access to an liver transplant(LT)center,delaying LTE increases risk of death and reduces risk of LT in patients with chronic liver disease.There is substantial opportunity to increase the percentage of patients undergoing LTE when first clinically indicated.It is crucial for providers to remain informed about the latest guidelines on liver transplant candidacy and the transplant referral process.展开更多
The 6G network architecture introduces the paradigm of Trust+Security,representing a shift in network protection strategies from external defense mechanisms to endogenous security enforcement.While ZTNs(zerotrust netw...The 6G network architecture introduces the paradigm of Trust+Security,representing a shift in network protection strategies from external defense mechanisms to endogenous security enforcement.While ZTNs(zerotrust networks)have demonstrated significant advancements in constructing trust-centric frameworks,most existing ZTN implementations lack comprehensive integration of security deployment and traffic monitoring capabilities.Furthermore,current ZTN designs generally do not facilitate dynamic assessment of user reputation.To address these limitations,this study proposes a DPZTN(Data-plane-based Zero Trust Network).DPZTN framework extends traditional ZTN models by incorporating security mechanisms directly into the data plane.Additionally,blockchain infrastructure is used to enable decentralized identity authentication and distributed access control.A pivotal element within the proposed framework is ZTNE(Zero-Trust Network Element),which executes access control policies and performs real-time user traffic inspection.To enable dynamic and fine-grained evaluation of user trustworthiness,this study introduces BBEA(Bayesian-based Behavior Evaluation Algorithm).BBEA provides a framework for continuous user behavior analysis,supporting adaptive privilege management and behavior-informed access control.Experimental results demonstrate that ZTNE combined with BBEA,can effectively respond to both individual and mixed attack types by promptly adjusting user behavior scores and dynamically modifying access privileges based on initial privilege levels.Under conditions supporting up to 10,000 concurrent users,the control system maintains approximately 65%CPU usage and less than 60%memory usage,with average user authentication latency around 1 s and access control latency close to 1 s.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1200200)the earmarked funds for CARS(No.CARS-13)+2 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2025-OCRI)the National Program for Crop Germplasm Protection of China(22250402)the National Crop Germplasm Resources Center(NCGRC-2025-036)。
文摘Iron is an essential mineral element that plays important roles in plant growth,development,and human health.Peanut is a valuable source of iron for human nutrition.Improving iron content in peanut seeds can enhance both yield potential and nutritional value.In this study,the seed iron content of the 401 peanut germplasm accessions was estimated and substantial variation among these accessions was observed,ranging from 9.02 to 50.60 mg/kg.The seed iron content of valencia type accessions was significantly higher than that of Peruvian,Virginia,and Irregular types.Landraces showed the highest average iron content,followed by advanced cultivars,breeding lines and interspecific hybrid cultivars.Accessions with red seed coat exhibited significantly higher iron content compared with those with pink seed coat.Correlation analysis revealed that the seed iron content significantly negatively correlated with hundred seed weight(HSW),resveratrol and oleic acid.Eight accessions with high iron content were identified with an average iron content of 32.46 mg/kg,including two elite genotypes that Zh.h4280 showed high resveratrol levels(1057.34μg/kg)and Zh.h1976 exhibited large seeds(HSW over 90g).Association analysis identified four markers,one of which,AHGS2053 stably explained with 5.75%–5.84%phenotypic variation.Accessions containing the favorable allele AHGS2053-250bp exhibited significantly higher iron content compared to those with alternative alleles.The results provide valuable germplasm resources and associated markers for breeding programs targeting high iron content in peanuts.
基金Under the auspices of National Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs During 12th Five-year Plan(No.2012BAJ22B02)
文摘Rural settlements are the main carriers of agriculture, rural areas and farmers; thus, optimizing the production and living space of rural settlements is highly significant to rural development. Taking the effective allocation of resources as the starting point, a suitability evaluation system of rural settlements, based on accessibility of production and living, was proposed in this study to provide scientific basis for the optimization of production and living space. The accessibility of production and living was measured by an im- proved two-step floating catchment area method, which considered proximity and availability based on the inclination of rural residents. The suitability evaluation system consisted of traditional suitability evaluation and newly proposed limiting factor identification based on the loss score proportion of suitability. Tingzu Town of Hubei Province, China, was chosen as the case study area. Based on the re- suits of the suitability evaluation system, corresponding suggestions on rural land consolidation, industry division, as well as the layout of health care and education facilities were proposed to optimize the production and living space of rural settlements in Tingzu Town. It is found that the suitability evaluation based on accessibility of production and living is more scientific and accurate than the traditional ones which significantly overestimate production and living convenience. Moreover, the limiting factor identification can help us put forward suggestions according to local conditions and bring about the highly targeted optimization of production and living space of rural settlements.
文摘BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)disrupted healthcare and led to increased telehealth use.We explored the impact of COVID-19 on liver transplant evaluation(LTE).AIM To understand the impact of telehealth on LTE during COVID-19 and to identify disparities in outcomes disaggregated by sociodemographic factors.METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients who initiated LTE at our center from 3/16/20-3/16/21(“COVID-19 era”)and the year prior(3/16/19-3/15/20,“pre-COVID-19 era”).We compared LTE duration times between eras and explored the effects of telehealth and inpatient evaluations on LTE duration,listing,and pretransplant mortality.RESULTS One hundred and seventy-eight patients were included in the pre-COVID-19 era cohort and one hundred and ninety-nine in the COVID-19 era cohort.Twentynine percent(58/199)of COVID-19 era initial LTE were telehealth,compared to 0%(0/178)pre-COVID-19.There were more inpatient evaluations during COVID-19 era(40%vs 28%,P<0.01).Among outpatient encounters,telehealth use for initial LTE during COVID-19 era did not impact likelihood of listing,pretransplant mortality,or time to LTE and listing.Median times to LTE and listing during COVID-19 were shorter than pre-COVID-19,driven by increased inpatient evaluations.Sociodemographic factors were not predictive of telehealth.CONCLUSION COVID-19 demonstrates a shift to telehealth and inpatient LTE.Telehealth does not impact LTE or listing duration,likelihood of listing,or mortality,suggesting telehealth may facilitate LTE without negative outcomes.
基金supported by NSFC under Grant No.62341102National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2018YFA0701604.
文摘Currently,data security and privacy protection are becoming more and more important.Access control is a method of authorization for users through predefined policies.Token-based access control(TBAC)enhances the manageability of authorization through the token.However,traditional access control policies lack the ability to dynamically adjust based on user access behavior.Incorporating user reputation evaluation into access control can provide valuable feedback to enhance system security and flexibility.As a result,this paper proposes a blockchain-empowered TBAC system and introduces a user reputation evaluation module to provide feedback on access control.The TBAC system divides the access control process into three stages:policy upload,token request,and resource request.The user reputation evaluation module evaluates the user’s token reputation and resource reputation for the token request and resource request stages of the TBAC system.The proposed system is implemented using the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain.The TBAC system is evaluated to prove that it has high processing performance.The user reputation evaluation model is proved to be more conservative and sensitive by comparative study with other methods.In addition,the security analysis shows that the TBAC system has a certain anti-attack ability and can maintain stable operation under the Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attack environment.
文摘`Introduction Open science is a set of principles and practices that aim to make scientific research accessible to everyone for the benefit of scientists and society.It includes sharing publications,data,software,and hardware widely,and ensuring that the production of scientific knowledge is inclusive,equitable,and sustainable.
基金Supported by Natural Science Fund Project of Tianjin City(08JCYBJC05100)Social Science Fund Project of Tianjin City(E10030)~~
文摘A review of the history of Chinese gardens beginning in the Shang Dynasty reveals that parks have become increasingly important to urban residents' lives; and hence, this paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the suitability of parks. The analysis shows that suitability evaluations of urban parks should not be restricted to a park's basic functions, but should include a comprehensive evaluation of ecological value, cultural inheritance and feature construction. After describing the current literature of research on indices, categories, use conditions and landscape accessibility of domestic and foreign urban parks, the paper concludes with a framework for evaluating a park's suitability, i.e. the establishment of an integrated evaluation system, the selection of reasonable evaluation methods, and public participation as an indicator in the evaluation system, so as to ensure the validity of research results.
文摘Performance of fixed relays in orthogonal frequency division multiple access （0FDMA） systems, especially the coverage and capacity performance at the cell edge, is evaluated in this paper. Two methods, theoretical analysis and calculation and Monte Carlo simulation, are used for the evaluations. By theoreti- cal analysis and calculation, frequency efficiency equation of a relay is introduced and numerical results are calculated. Monte Carlo simulation results also verify that the calculation method is reasonable. The evaluation shows that a relay can increase system performance to a certain level if it is designed appropriately, otherwise it will be harmful for the system performance, even to reduce it.
基金supported in part by Royal Society YVolfson Research Merit Award WRM/R1/180014,ERC 652976,EPSRC EP/M025268/1,Shenzhen Institute of Computing Sciences,and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing.
文摘This work aims to reduce queries on big data to computations on small data,and hence make querying big data possible under bounded resources.A query Q is boundedly evaluable when posed on any big dataset D,there exists a fraction DQ of D such that Q(D)=Q(DQ),and the cost of identifying DQ is independent of the size of D.It has been shown that with an auxiliary structure known as access schema,many queries in relational algebra(RA)are boundedly evaluable under the set semantics of RA.This paper extends the theory of bounded evaluation to RAaggr,i.e.,RA extended with aggregation,under the bag semantics.(1)We extend access schema to bag access schema,to help us identify DQ for RAaggr queries Q.(2)While it is undecidable to determine whether an RAaggr query is boundedly evaluable under a bag access schema,we identify special cases that are decidable and practical.(3)In addition,we develop an effective syntax for bounded RAaggr queries,i.e.,a core subclass of boundedly evaluable RAaggr queries without sacrificing their expressive power.(4)Based on the effective syntax,we provide efficient algorithms to check the bounded evaluability of RAaggr queries and to generate query plans for bounded RAaggr queries.(5)As proof of concept,we extend PostgreSQL to support bounded evaluation.We experimentally verify that the extended system improves performance by orders of magnitude.
文摘The objective of this study was to develop a method to assess and analyze the total allelopathic potential of crop germplasm and to test this method on four winter wheat accessions commonly planted in the Loess Plateau. A systems engineering model was developed and used to evaluate the total allelopathic potential of crop cultivars. In addition, a method for quantifying the total allelopathic potential in crop accessions was presented. Total allelopathic potential of four winter wheat accessions from the Loess Plateau was estimated and compared using a systems theory approach. The model assessed allelopathic potential in different parts of the plants from the time wheat turned green in spring until maturity. Results from these models indicated that the four wheat accessions had very weak allelopathic potential. Allelopathic potential declined in the order Xiaoyan 22 〉 Ningdong 1 〉 Fengchan 3 〉 Bima 1. This system engineering evaluation method allows for the assessment of allelopathic potential among crop varieties. It will help plant breeders to select and develop allelopathic crop accessions that combine weed suppression properties with agronomic traits related to yield and quality.
文摘Objectives: The goal of this project was to evaluate the quality of the accessibility of the adult population to services in Primary Health Care, with a view to contribute to the development of measures that will propose improvement in the offered assistance. Methods: This is a quantitative and evaluative study made in the municipality of Santa Cruz, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, with a sample of 180 people. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte under Opinion number 152/2012. Results: It was found that the adult population classified the quality of care from regular to good, showing an association with the waiting time, time spent from the unit to one’s house and the reception. Conclusions: It could be concluded that this study contributes to the development of strategies able to provide a full and equitable care to the adult population in the primary health care network, since this is the gateway to other levels of care, because it aims to promote adult health and prevent diseases.
文摘BACKGROUND Indications to refer patients with cirrhosis for liver transplant evaluation(LTE)include hepatic decompensation or a model for end stage liver disease(MELDNa)score≥15.Few studies have evaluated how delaying referral beyond these criteria affects patient outcomes.AIM To evaluate clinical characteristics of patients undergoing inpatient LTE and to assess the effects of delayed LTE on patient outcomes(death,transplantation).METHODS This is a single center retrospective cohort study assessing all patients undergoing inpatient LTE(n=159)at a large quaternary care and liver transplant center between 10/23/2017-7/31/2021.Delayed referral was defined as having prior indication(decompensation,MELD-Na≥15)for LTE without referral.Early referral was defined as referrals made within 3 mo of having an indication based on practice guidelines.Logistic regression and Cox Hazard Regression were used to evaluate the relationship between delayed referral and patient outcomes.RESULTS Many patients who require expedited inpatient LTE had delayed referrals.Misconceptions regarding transplant candidacy were a leading cause of delayed referral.Ultimately,delayed referrals negatively affected overall patient outcome and an independent predictor of both death and not receiving a transplant.Delayed referral was associated with a 2.5 hazard risk of death.CONCLUSION Beyond initial access to an liver transplant(LT)center,delaying LTE increases risk of death and reduces risk of LT in patients with chronic liver disease.There is substantial opportunity to increase the percentage of patients undergoing LTE when first clinically indicated.It is crucial for providers to remain informed about the latest guidelines on liver transplant candidacy and the transplant referral process.
基金funded by the Basic Research Operating Expenses Postgraduate Innovation Programme(Grant No.W24YJS00010,received by J.Yan)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0701604,received by H.Zhou)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.62341102,received by H.Zhou).
文摘The 6G network architecture introduces the paradigm of Trust+Security,representing a shift in network protection strategies from external defense mechanisms to endogenous security enforcement.While ZTNs(zerotrust networks)have demonstrated significant advancements in constructing trust-centric frameworks,most existing ZTN implementations lack comprehensive integration of security deployment and traffic monitoring capabilities.Furthermore,current ZTN designs generally do not facilitate dynamic assessment of user reputation.To address these limitations,this study proposes a DPZTN(Data-plane-based Zero Trust Network).DPZTN framework extends traditional ZTN models by incorporating security mechanisms directly into the data plane.Additionally,blockchain infrastructure is used to enable decentralized identity authentication and distributed access control.A pivotal element within the proposed framework is ZTNE(Zero-Trust Network Element),which executes access control policies and performs real-time user traffic inspection.To enable dynamic and fine-grained evaluation of user trustworthiness,this study introduces BBEA(Bayesian-based Behavior Evaluation Algorithm).BBEA provides a framework for continuous user behavior analysis,supporting adaptive privilege management and behavior-informed access control.Experimental results demonstrate that ZTNE combined with BBEA,can effectively respond to both individual and mixed attack types by promptly adjusting user behavior scores and dynamically modifying access privileges based on initial privilege levels.Under conditions supporting up to 10,000 concurrent users,the control system maintains approximately 65%CPU usage and less than 60%memory usage,with average user authentication latency around 1 s and access control latency close to 1 s.
