Carbenes as one of the most important class of intermediates have been widely utilized in various organic synthetic transformations.Carbene insertion-initiated ring-opening reactions of cyclic ethers offer a valuable ...Carbenes as one of the most important class of intermediates have been widely utilized in various organic synthetic transformations.Carbene insertion-initiated ring-opening reactions of cyclic ethers offer a valuable strategy for constructing new carbon-oxygen bonds.In comparison with traditional thermal or metal-mediated carbene transfer reactions,visible-light-promoted multi-component reaction strategy provides a mild and eco-friendly approach to access densely functionalized molecules.Recently,visible-light-induced multi-component carbene transfer reactions of diazo compounds have been rapidly developed and attracted a great deal of research interest of chemists owing to their advantages of simple operation,mild condition,high atom economy and rich structural diversity.This paper summarizes the recent research progress on the visible-light-promoted multi-component carbene transfer reactions of diazo compounds via ring-opening of cyclic ethers with various nucleophiles.The reaction patterns of different nucleophiles and their corresponding mechanism are described in this review.The future research direction and challenges in this area are also discussed.展开更多
This article reviews the research advances in traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb and its compound formulations in the treatment of sepsis,with particular emphasis on elucidating their mechanisms of action and clinic...This article reviews the research advances in traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb and its compound formulations in the treatment of sepsis,with particular emphasis on elucidating their mechanisms of action and clinical application value.Research has demonstrated that rhubarb and its compound formulations exert therapeutic effects via multiple targets and mechanisms,including anti-inflammatory actions,protection of the intestinal barrier,modulation of immune balance,inhibition of oxidative stress,and regulation of associated signaling pathways.Clinically,rhubarb has shown distinct advantages in enhancing gastrointestinal function,mitigating systemic inflammatory responses,and reducing mortality rates among patients with sepsis.These findings provide a foundational reference for the integrated prevention and treatment of sepsis through the combined use of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.展开更多
This study reports the synthesis of oleic acid sterol ester with liquid crystalline properties and its enhanced stability and UV-blocking performance through microencapsulation.Oleic acid sterol ester was synthesized ...This study reports the synthesis of oleic acid sterol ester with liquid crystalline properties and its enhanced stability and UV-blocking performance through microencapsulation.Oleic acid sterol ester was synthesized via the esterification of phytosterol and oleic acid,whose structure was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and mass spectrometry(MS).Its liquid crystalline behavior was confirmed via the polarized optical microscopy(POM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),wide-angle X-ray scattering(WAXS),and small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS).UV absorption tests were conducted to assess the UV-blocking performance of the oleic acid sterol ester liquid crystals.To improve the stability of its liquid crystalline structure,the oleic acid sterol ester was encapsulated into microcapsules through the emulsion polymerization.SPF measurements were performed on the sunscreen formulations containing liquid crystal microcapsules.The oleic acid sterol ester displayed cholesteric liquid crystalline behavior and strong UVA absorption,which indicates its suitability as a natural UV absorber.Microencapsulation further enhanced its stability and UV-blocking properties.SPF testing showed that the formulations with microcapsules achieved an SPF value of 7.01,which surpasses the nano titanium dioxide(SPF=6.23)and significantly outperform the unencapsulated liquid crystal formulations(SPF=2.65).This study highlights the potential of microencapsulated oleic acid sterol ester as a novel UV absorber in the sunscreen formulations,offers the enhanced stability and effective UV protection,and showcases its application potential in the innovative cosmetic products.展开更多
Cashew processing in Côte d’Ivoire focuses only on the cashew nut, to the detriment of the apple. Only a very small proportion of the apple is processed into juice. The aim of this work is to enhance the value o...Cashew processing in Côte d’Ivoire focuses only on the cashew nut, to the detriment of the apple. Only a very small proportion of the apple is processed into juice. The aim of this work is to enhance the value of cashew apples by transforming them into jam. Specifically, the aim was first to characterize the sensory properties of cashew apple jam formulations using baobab powder as a source of pectin and then to optimise the formulations. A Box-Behken design with pH, Sugar, and Baobab as factors was used to model and characterize the jam sensory descriptors, and a multivariate analysis with SensomineR was used to characterize the jam formulations. The desirability function was used to optimise the formulations. The results show globally significant regressions at the 0.05 threshold for the sensory descriptors Gelling, Brilliance, Smell, Sweetness, and (-)Astringency, with the exception of (-)Salinity. The R2 coefficients are greater than 80%. The factors studied could have effects on the sensory descriptors of cashew jam formulations. The Baobab had the main effect on the gelling, smell, and astringency of the jams. Brilliance depended on the added sugar. A product effect (p < 0.001) was observed for the descriptors Smell, Gelling, Brilliance, and Sweetness, as these allowed the panelists to find differences between the formulations. Optimum jam formulation can be achieved with 51.56% sugar and 2.12% Baobab at a pH of 3.15. Cashew apple jam using Baobab offers opportunities to add value to apples that have long been abandoned in the field. It would be important to find conditions for prolonged storage of this jam.展开更多
In the realm of nonlinear integrable systems,the presence of decompositions facilitates the establishment of linear superposition solutions and the derivation of novel coupled systems exhibiting nonlinear integrabilit...In the realm of nonlinear integrable systems,the presence of decompositions facilitates the establishment of linear superposition solutions and the derivation of novel coupled systems exhibiting nonlinear integrability.By focusing on single-component decompositions within the potential BKP hierarchy,it has been observed that specific linear superpositions of decomposition solutions remain consistent with the underlying equations.Moreover,through the implementation of multi-component decompositions within the potential BKP hierarchy,successful endeavors have been undertaken to formulate linear superposition solutions and novel coupled Kd V-type systems that resist decoupling via alterations in dependent variables.展开更多
Multi-component transition group metal borides(MMB_(2))have become a research hotspot due to their new composition design concepts and superior properties compared with conventional ceramics.Most of the current method...Multi-component transition group metal borides(MMB_(2))have become a research hotspot due to their new composition design concepts and superior properties compared with conventional ceramics.Most of the current methods,however,are complicated and time-consuming,the mass production remains a chal-lenge.Herein,we proposed a new high-efficiency strategy for synthesis of MMB_(2)using molten aluminum as the medium for the first time.The prepared Al-containing multi-component borides(TiZrHfNbTa)B_(2)microcrystals had a homogeneous composition with a hexagonal AlB_(2)structure and ultra-high hardness value of∼35.3 GPa,which was much higher than data reported in the literature and the rule of mix-ture estimations.Furthermore,combined with the First-principles calculation results,we found that the Poisson’s ratio(v)values exhibit a clearly ascending trend from 0.17 at VEC=3.5 to 0.18 at VEC=3.4,then to 0.201 at VEC=3.2 with the increasing of Al content.This indicates that the intrinsic toughness of multi-component boride microcrystals is obviously enhanced by the trace-doped Al elements.Besides,the fabricated Al-containing multi-component boride microcrystals have superior oxidation activation en-ergy and structural stability.The enhanced oxidation resistance is mainly attributed to the formation of a protective Al2 O3 oxide layer and the lattice distortion,both of which lead to sluggish diffusion of O_(2).These findings propose a new unexplored avenue for the fabrication of MMB_(2)materials with supe-rior comprehensive performance including ultra-hardness and intrinsically improved thermo-mechanical properties.展开更多
Skin aging is a complicated process affected by extrinsic factors such as ultraviolet(UV)radiation and environmental pollutants,in addition to intrinsic factors such as oxidative stress and cellular senescence.These f...Skin aging is a complicated process affected by extrinsic factors such as ultraviolet(UV)radiation and environmental pollutants,in addition to intrinsic factors such as oxidative stress and cellular senescence.These factors initiate inflammation,collagen breakdown,and visible signs of aging.Polyherbal formulation with multiple plant extracts with synergistic bioactive compounds offers a sustainable and scientifically proven way of modulating the interrelated pathways that contribute to skin aging.This comprehensive review features 7 key anti-aging plants,including Curcuma longa,Curcuma aromatica,Glycyrrhiza glabra,Calendula officinalis,Boehavia diffusa,Withania somnifera,and Matricaria chamomilla,and discusses their active phytoconstituents such as curcumin,glabridin,withanolides,and apigenin.These agents improve the hydration of skin,increase collagen synthesis,inhibit matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs),and modulate oxidative stress.This review emphasizes the opportunity to combine some of the most sophisticated dermal delivery methods(e.g.,liposome,ethosome,and emulgel technologies)with traditional ethnobotanical knowledge to increase bioavailability and efficacy of herbal actives.All research indicates that polyherbal formulations offer a multi-targeted,sustainable,and therapeutically viable alternative to synthetic anti-aging pharmaceuticals,bridging traditional knowledge and contemporary cosmeceutical techniques.展开更多
In recent years,the rising prevalence of respiratory diseases,coupled with advancements in biotechnology and pharmacology,has positioned inhalable formulations as a preferred method of drug administration.This approac...In recent years,the rising prevalence of respiratory diseases,coupled with advancements in biotechnology and pharmacology,has positioned inhalable formulations as a preferred method of drug administration.This approach enables direct and rapid delivery of medication to the lungs,maximizing therapeutic effects while minimizing dosage and potential side effects.In this review,we meticulously examined current literature and clinical trial databases to present a comprehensive overview of three key areas:(1)inhalation devices currently utilized in clinical settings;(2)the clinical applications of approved inhalable formulations;and(3)preclinical research on inhalable treatments targeting various lung conditions,including pulmonary infections,tuberculosis,lung cancer,pulmonary fibrosis,as well as systemic diseases like Parkinson’s disease.The objective was to delve into both foundational research and the clinical use of inhalable formulations within the pharmaceutical field,with the aim of fostering their broader adoption and guiding the development of inhalable therapies for a more comprehensive range of diseases.展开更多
The hardening mechanism of multi-component carbide ceramic has been investigated in detail through a combination of experiments,first-principles calculations,and ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD).Eight dense carbide ...The hardening mechanism of multi-component carbide ceramic has been investigated in detail through a combination of experiments,first-principles calculations,and ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD).Eight dense carbide ceramics were prepared by spark plasma sintering.Compulsorily,all the multi-component carbide samples have similar carbon content,grain size,and uniform compositional distribution by optimizing the sintering process and adjusting the initial raw materials.Hence the interference of other factors on the hardness of multi-component carbide ceramics is minimized.The effects of changes in the elemental species on the lattice distortion,bond strength,bonding properties,and electronic structure of multi-component carbide ceramics were thoroughly analyzed.These results show that the hardening of multi-component carbide ceramic can be attributed to the coupling of solid solution strengthening caused by lattice distortion and covalent bond strengthening.Besides,the“host lattice”of multi-component carbide ceramics is defined based on the concept of supporting lattice.The present work is of great significance for a deeper understanding of the hardening mechanism of multi-component carbide ceramics and the design of superhard multi-component carbides.展开更多
A convenient photocatalytic multi-component reaction of alkenes,quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones,and diazo compounds has been developed in the presence of water.A number of ester-containing quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones could be efficie...A convenient photocatalytic multi-component reaction of alkenes,quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones,and diazo compounds has been developed in the presence of water.A number of ester-containing quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones could be efficiently obtained in moderate to good yields at room temperature.This metal-free visiblelight-driven tandem reaction was conducted through proton-coupled electron transfer(PCET)process using water as the hydrogen donor and 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene(4CzIPN)as the photocatalyst.展开更多
The construction of a borehole correction library for the multi-component array induction tool in deviated boreholes involves extensive 3D forward modeling and typically requires significant computational resources.To...The construction of a borehole correction library for the multi-component array induction tool in deviated boreholes involves extensive 3D forward modeling and typically requires significant computational resources.To address this challenge,this paper proposes an efficient algorithm for the library construction based on the 3D finite volume method(FVM)and contraction high-order Born approximation(CHBA).First,the electromagnetic(EM)field solution region is divided into two symmetric subregions based on the symmetry of the correction library model and the EM field.Numerical solution on a single subregion,combined with the symmetry boundary extension technique,enhances the efficiency of the 3D numerical simulation.Second,three reference mud conductivities are selected based on the mud conductivity range,and the CHBA is applied to calculate the EM responses at all mud conductivity nodes rapidly.Third,the number of forward simulation operations is further reduced by exploiting the principle that models with different frequencies and different formation conductivities have equivalent EM responses.Numerical experiments demonstrate the correctness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.Compared to conventional 3D modeling,the proposed algorithm achieves approximately a 20-fold speedup in library construction,effectively reducing computational resources and time consumption.展开更多
Recently,with the efforts of food specialists,protein sources in the diet is rapidly changing.Consequently,novel products based on plant proteins or lab-grown proteins are increasingly being introduced to consumers.Ho...Recently,with the efforts of food specialists,protein sources in the diet is rapidly changing.Consequently,novel products based on plant proteins or lab-grown proteins are increasingly being introduced to consumers.However,the food industry is facing new challenges in creating natural,innovative,accessible,and nutritious dairy-free alternatives.Designing dairy-free cheese alternatives with beneficial nutritional profiles,bioavailability,and digestibility requires a thorough understanding of the molecular characteristics of plant-derived ingredients,their structural assembly,and their role in physicochemical and sensory properties of the final product.In other words,with a deep knowledge of the nature of plant-based ingredients and the intelligent control of intermolecular interactions,these ingredients can be used to produce dairy-free cheese alternatives with the same characteristics as dairy products.Therefore,this review aims to synthesize current knowledge on production techniques and key factors influencing the design of dairy-free cheese alternatives.By examining the interactions between carbohydrates,proteins,and other ingredients,as well as their ability to replicate the functional and textural properties of traditional dairy cheeses,this review provides valuable insights for the development of high-quality dairy-free cheese alternatives.In the design of these alternatives,fractionation and tissue disruption routes are employed.The difference in the number and distribution of their surface groups has a significant effect on ability of plant polysaccharides and proteins to interact with other molecules.Gel strength decreases with decreasing plant biopolymer concentration,bond strength,and crosslinking density.While heat treatment can unfold proteins and minimize their net charge,the hydrophobic attraction becomes the primary driver of protein-protein interactions in plant-based cheeses.In contrast,the 3D-structure of dairy cheeses is stabilized through a combination of hydrophobic interactions,hydrogen bonds,and calcium bridges.展开更多
Quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies exhibit the feature of 2π-periodicity with respect to each of the hyper-time variables.However,it remains a challenge work,due to the lack of effective solution...Quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies exhibit the feature of 2π-periodicity with respect to each of the hyper-time variables.However,it remains a challenge work,due to the lack of effective solution methods,to solve and track the quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies until now.In this work,a multi-steps variable-coefficient formulation is proposed,which provides a unified framework to enable either harmonic balance method or collocation method or finite difference method to solve quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies.For this purpose,a method of alternating U and S domain is also developed to efficiently evaluate the nonlinear force terms.Furthermore,a new robust phase condition is presented for all of the three methods to make them track the quasi-periodic solutions with prior unknown multiple base frequencies,while the stability of the quasi-periodic solutions is assessed by mean of Lyapunov exponents.The feasibility of the constructed methods under the above framework is verified by application to three nonlinear systems.展开更多
A multi-component system has the long fixed maintenance time, so the opportunistic maintenance policy is adopted to put preventive replacement and corrective replacement together, so that the long fixed maintenance ti...A multi-component system has the long fixed maintenance time, so the opportunistic maintenance policy is adopted to put preventive replacement and corrective replacement together, so that the long fixed maintenance time can be shared by more than one component, and the system availability can be improved. Then, the generation characteristics of the random failure time are researched based on the replacement maintenance and the minima[ maintenance. Furthermore, by choosing the opportunistic replacement ages of each component as opti- mized variables, a simulation algorithm based on an opportunistic maintenance policy is designed to maximize the total availability. Finally, the simulation result shows the validity of the algorithm by an example.展开更多
Previous study has shown that 10-hydroxycamptothecin（HCPT） has well-established pharmacological effects in vitro.However,its in vivo bioavailability is very poor due to various problems,which severely restricts its ...Previous study has shown that 10-hydroxycamptothecin（HCPT） has well-established pharmacological effects in vitro.However,its in vivo bioavailability is very poor due to various problems,which severely restricts its clinical applications.In the present study,phospholipid complex（PC） technology was employed to improve the solubility and bioavailability of HCPT.XRD data confirmed the formation of HCPT-PC.However,our previously prepared HCPT-PC is too sticky,which may result in the slow dissolution rate and negative effects on its absorption.Therefore,we prepared HCPT-PC-solid dispersion（HCPT-PC-SD）and lipid-based formulations of HCPT-PC through simple preparation process.The results showed that the dissolution rate of HCPT-PC was effectively improved by solid dispersion technology,which reached 91.73%in 45 min.Pharmacokinetic study revealed that the AUC_（0-t） of HCPT-PC-SD and HCPT-PC lipid-based formulations was effectively further increased compared with HCPT-PC.Moreover,we found that the combination of SD technology and lipid-base formulations could be a promising drug-delivery system to improve the oral bioavailability of HCPT-PC.In addition,we showed that the bioavailability of HCPT-PC lipid-base formulations was even greater than that of HCPT-PC-SD.In particular,lipid-base formulations could be prepared just by a simple method,suggesting its feasibility of industrialization.展开更多
This review focuses on the recent research progress in the multi-component assembly of luminescent rare earth hybrid materials, which is based on the luminescent rare earth compounds and two or more other building uni...This review focuses on the recent research progress in the multi-component assembly of luminescent rare earth hybrid materials, which is based on the luminescent rare earth compounds and two or more other building units, including the other photoactive species. It covers the multi-component luminescent rare earth hybrids which was assembled with different(a) organic-inorganic polymeric units,(b)nanoporous units,(c) nanoparticle composites or(d) other developing special units. Finally, future challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed. Herein it mainly focuses on the work of Yan's group in recent years.展开更多
3 D printing is a method of rapid prototyping and manufacturing in which materials are deposited onto one another in layers to produce a three-dimensional object. Although 3 D printing was developed in the 1980 s and ...3 D printing is a method of rapid prototyping and manufacturing in which materials are deposited onto one another in layers to produce a three-dimensional object. Although 3 D printing was developed in the 1980 s and the technology has found widespread industrial applications for production from automotive parts to machine tools,its application in pharmaceutical area is still limited. However,the potential of 3 D printing in the pharmaceutical industry is now being recognized. The ability of 3 D printing to produce medications to exact specifications tailored to the needs of individual patients has indicated the possibility of developing personalized medicines. The technology allows dosage forms to be precisely printed in various shapes,sizes and textures that are difficult to produce using traditional techniques. However,there are various challenges associated with the proper application of3 D printing in the pharmaceutical sector which should be overcome to exploit the scope of this technology. In this review,an overview is provided on the various 3 D printing technologies used in fabrication of complex dosage forms along with their feasibility and limitations.展开更多
A general scheme for generating a multi-component integrable equation hierarchy is proposed. A simple 3M- dimensional loop algebra ~X is produced. By taking advantage of ~X a new isospectral problem is established and...A general scheme for generating a multi-component integrable equation hierarchy is proposed. A simple 3M- dimensional loop algebra ~X is produced. By taking advantage of ~X a new isospectral problem is established and then by making use of the Tu scheme the multi-component Dirac equation hierarchy is obtained. Finally, an expanding loop algebra ~FM of the loop algebra ~X is presented. Based on the ~FM, the multi-component integrable coupling system of the multi-component Dirac equation hierarchy is investigated. The method in this paper can be applied to other nonlinear evolution equation hierarchies.展开更多
Seismic AVO analysis now is one of the major criteria for recognizing potential hydrocarbon reservoirs. Volume scattering information that carries information of stratigraphic structure, lithology, and pore fluid is m...Seismic AVO analysis now is one of the major criteria for recognizing potential hydrocarbon reservoirs. Volume scattering information that carries information of stratigraphic structure, lithology, and pore fluid is more useful for seismic exploration. However, traditional AVO analysis is based on the Zoeppritz equation, which only contains single-interface information. Quantitative interpretation of the thin bed thickness is essential to thin bed structure interpretation, reservoir description, and lateral reservoir prediction. The reflectance spectrum equation based on the elastic wave propagation matrix in the frequency domain derived in this paper shows that both interfaces and intervals have an effect on amplitude. The equation includes information about both single interfaces and volume scattering. Since the reflectance spectrum equation is a continuous function of thin bed thickness and frequency, it is convenient to analyze the effects of a single frequency and bed thickness on the reflectance spectrum. Bed thickness is analyzable until the bed thickness is vanishingly small. These characteristics can＇t be achieved by Fourier transform. The propagation of seismic waves is complex and various wave modes exist simultaneously. The reflectance spectrum includes various propagating wave modes and multiples and is better for simulating multi-component thin bed AVO responses than the ray tracing method.展开更多
A dry flowable formulation of Clonostachys rosea with fungicidal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was prepared by spray drying. The formulation was optimized by a four-factor, three-level orthogonal experimen...A dry flowable formulation of Clonostachys rosea with fungicidal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was prepared by spray drying. The formulation was optimized by a four-factor, three-level orthogonal experiment to screen inert ingredients and spray-drying conditions. The optimal dry flowable formulation of C. rosea included 30% C. rosea （ratio of conidia powder and its fermentation broth is 1：3）, 3% Morwet EFW, 4% K12, 10% Morwet D425, 9% sodium salt of polynaphthalene sulphonic acid （NNO）, 5% croscarmellose sodium, 5% （NH4）2SO4, 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium （CMC-Na）, 1% oxalic acid and palygorskite （carrier） up to 100%. The formulation exhibited good physical characteristics, such as high dispersibility, viability and a long shelf life. Plate antagonism tests and pot trials indicated that the dry flowable formulation was very effective against S. sclerotiorum, with control efficiency of up to 88.30%. This dry flowable formulation of C. rosea is a new potential commercial fungicide for spray drying to control S. sclerotiorum.展开更多
基金Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.QKHJC-ZK[2024]654)Guizhou Provincial University Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Electronic Materials(No.QJ[2023]021).
文摘Carbenes as one of the most important class of intermediates have been widely utilized in various organic synthetic transformations.Carbene insertion-initiated ring-opening reactions of cyclic ethers offer a valuable strategy for constructing new carbon-oxygen bonds.In comparison with traditional thermal or metal-mediated carbene transfer reactions,visible-light-promoted multi-component reaction strategy provides a mild and eco-friendly approach to access densely functionalized molecules.Recently,visible-light-induced multi-component carbene transfer reactions of diazo compounds have been rapidly developed and attracted a great deal of research interest of chemists owing to their advantages of simple operation,mild condition,high atom economy and rich structural diversity.This paper summarizes the recent research progress on the visible-light-promoted multi-component carbene transfer reactions of diazo compounds via ring-opening of cyclic ethers with various nucleophiles.The reaction patterns of different nucleophiles and their corresponding mechanism are described in this review.The future research direction and challenges in this area are also discussed.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82374346)Double Hundred Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Medical and Health Talents of Wuxi City(BJ2023071)Scientific Research Project of Wuxi Municipal Health Commission(Q202358).
文摘This article reviews the research advances in traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb and its compound formulations in the treatment of sepsis,with particular emphasis on elucidating their mechanisms of action and clinical application value.Research has demonstrated that rhubarb and its compound formulations exert therapeutic effects via multiple targets and mechanisms,including anti-inflammatory actions,protection of the intestinal barrier,modulation of immune balance,inhibition of oxidative stress,and regulation of associated signaling pathways.Clinically,rhubarb has shown distinct advantages in enhancing gastrointestinal function,mitigating systemic inflammatory responses,and reducing mortality rates among patients with sepsis.These findings provide a foundational reference for the integrated prevention and treatment of sepsis through the combined use of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.
文摘This study reports the synthesis of oleic acid sterol ester with liquid crystalline properties and its enhanced stability and UV-blocking performance through microencapsulation.Oleic acid sterol ester was synthesized via the esterification of phytosterol and oleic acid,whose structure was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and mass spectrometry(MS).Its liquid crystalline behavior was confirmed via the polarized optical microscopy(POM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),wide-angle X-ray scattering(WAXS),and small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS).UV absorption tests were conducted to assess the UV-blocking performance of the oleic acid sterol ester liquid crystals.To improve the stability of its liquid crystalline structure,the oleic acid sterol ester was encapsulated into microcapsules through the emulsion polymerization.SPF measurements were performed on the sunscreen formulations containing liquid crystal microcapsules.The oleic acid sterol ester displayed cholesteric liquid crystalline behavior and strong UVA absorption,which indicates its suitability as a natural UV absorber.Microencapsulation further enhanced its stability and UV-blocking properties.SPF testing showed that the formulations with microcapsules achieved an SPF value of 7.01,which surpasses the nano titanium dioxide(SPF=6.23)and significantly outperform the unencapsulated liquid crystal formulations(SPF=2.65).This study highlights the potential of microencapsulated oleic acid sterol ester as a novel UV absorber in the sunscreen formulations,offers the enhanced stability and effective UV protection,and showcases its application potential in the innovative cosmetic products.
文摘Cashew processing in Côte d’Ivoire focuses only on the cashew nut, to the detriment of the apple. Only a very small proportion of the apple is processed into juice. The aim of this work is to enhance the value of cashew apples by transforming them into jam. Specifically, the aim was first to characterize the sensory properties of cashew apple jam formulations using baobab powder as a source of pectin and then to optimise the formulations. A Box-Behken design with pH, Sugar, and Baobab as factors was used to model and characterize the jam sensory descriptors, and a multivariate analysis with SensomineR was used to characterize the jam formulations. The desirability function was used to optimise the formulations. The results show globally significant regressions at the 0.05 threshold for the sensory descriptors Gelling, Brilliance, Smell, Sweetness, and (-)Astringency, with the exception of (-)Salinity. The R2 coefficients are greater than 80%. The factors studied could have effects on the sensory descriptors of cashew jam formulations. The Baobab had the main effect on the gelling, smell, and astringency of the jams. Brilliance depended on the added sugar. A product effect (p < 0.001) was observed for the descriptors Smell, Gelling, Brilliance, and Sweetness, as these allowed the panelists to find differences between the formulations. Optimum jam formulation can be achieved with 51.56% sugar and 2.12% Baobab at a pH of 3.15. Cashew apple jam using Baobab offers opportunities to add value to apples that have long been abandoned in the field. It would be important to find conditions for prolonged storage of this jam.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundations of China under Grant Nos.12301315,12235007,11975131the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LQ20A010009。
文摘In the realm of nonlinear integrable systems,the presence of decompositions facilitates the establishment of linear superposition solutions and the derivation of novel coupled systems exhibiting nonlinear integrability.By focusing on single-component decompositions within the potential BKP hierarchy,it has been observed that specific linear superpositions of decomposition solutions remain consistent with the underlying equations.Moreover,through the implementation of multi-component decompositions within the potential BKP hierarchy,successful endeavors have been undertaken to formulate linear superposition solutions and novel coupled Kd V-type systems that resist decoupling via alterations in dependent variables.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52271033 and 52071179)the Key program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51931003)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20221493)Jiangsu Province Leading Edge Technology Basic Research Major Project(No.BK20222014)Foundation of“Qinglan Project”for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province.
文摘Multi-component transition group metal borides(MMB_(2))have become a research hotspot due to their new composition design concepts and superior properties compared with conventional ceramics.Most of the current methods,however,are complicated and time-consuming,the mass production remains a chal-lenge.Herein,we proposed a new high-efficiency strategy for synthesis of MMB_(2)using molten aluminum as the medium for the first time.The prepared Al-containing multi-component borides(TiZrHfNbTa)B_(2)microcrystals had a homogeneous composition with a hexagonal AlB_(2)structure and ultra-high hardness value of∼35.3 GPa,which was much higher than data reported in the literature and the rule of mix-ture estimations.Furthermore,combined with the First-principles calculation results,we found that the Poisson’s ratio(v)values exhibit a clearly ascending trend from 0.17 at VEC=3.5 to 0.18 at VEC=3.4,then to 0.201 at VEC=3.2 with the increasing of Al content.This indicates that the intrinsic toughness of multi-component boride microcrystals is obviously enhanced by the trace-doped Al elements.Besides,the fabricated Al-containing multi-component boride microcrystals have superior oxidation activation en-ergy and structural stability.The enhanced oxidation resistance is mainly attributed to the formation of a protective Al2 O3 oxide layer and the lattice distortion,both of which lead to sluggish diffusion of O_(2).These findings propose a new unexplored avenue for the fabrication of MMB_(2)materials with supe-rior comprehensive performance including ultra-hardness and intrinsically improved thermo-mechanical properties.
文摘Skin aging is a complicated process affected by extrinsic factors such as ultraviolet(UV)radiation and environmental pollutants,in addition to intrinsic factors such as oxidative stress and cellular senescence.These factors initiate inflammation,collagen breakdown,and visible signs of aging.Polyherbal formulation with multiple plant extracts with synergistic bioactive compounds offers a sustainable and scientifically proven way of modulating the interrelated pathways that contribute to skin aging.This comprehensive review features 7 key anti-aging plants,including Curcuma longa,Curcuma aromatica,Glycyrrhiza glabra,Calendula officinalis,Boehavia diffusa,Withania somnifera,and Matricaria chamomilla,and discusses their active phytoconstituents such as curcumin,glabridin,withanolides,and apigenin.These agents improve the hydration of skin,increase collagen synthesis,inhibit matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs),and modulate oxidative stress.This review emphasizes the opportunity to combine some of the most sophisticated dermal delivery methods(e.g.,liposome,ethosome,and emulgel technologies)with traditional ethnobotanical knowledge to increase bioavailability and efficacy of herbal actives.All research indicates that polyherbal formulations offer a multi-targeted,sustainable,and therapeutically viable alternative to synthetic anti-aging pharmaceuticals,bridging traditional knowledge and contemporary cosmeceutical techniques.
文摘In recent years,the rising prevalence of respiratory diseases,coupled with advancements in biotechnology and pharmacology,has positioned inhalable formulations as a preferred method of drug administration.This approach enables direct and rapid delivery of medication to the lungs,maximizing therapeutic effects while minimizing dosage and potential side effects.In this review,we meticulously examined current literature and clinical trial databases to present a comprehensive overview of three key areas:(1)inhalation devices currently utilized in clinical settings;(2)the clinical applications of approved inhalable formulations;and(3)preclinical research on inhalable treatments targeting various lung conditions,including pulmonary infections,tuberculosis,lung cancer,pulmonary fibrosis,as well as systemic diseases like Parkinson’s disease.The objective was to delve into both foundational research and the clinical use of inhalable formulations within the pharmaceutical field,with the aim of fostering their broader adoption and guiding the development of inhalable therapies for a more comprehensive range of diseases.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52032002,52372060,51972081,and U22A20128)the National Safety Academic Foundation(No.U2130103)+1 种基金the National Key Laboratory of Precision Hot Processing of Metals(No.61429092300305)Heilongjiang Touyan Team Program are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The hardening mechanism of multi-component carbide ceramic has been investigated in detail through a combination of experiments,first-principles calculations,and ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD).Eight dense carbide ceramics were prepared by spark plasma sintering.Compulsorily,all the multi-component carbide samples have similar carbon content,grain size,and uniform compositional distribution by optimizing the sintering process and adjusting the initial raw materials.Hence the interference of other factors on the hardness of multi-component carbide ceramics is minimized.The effects of changes in the elemental species on the lattice distortion,bond strength,bonding properties,and electronic structure of multi-component carbide ceramics were thoroughly analyzed.These results show that the hardening of multi-component carbide ceramic can be attributed to the coupling of solid solution strengthening caused by lattice distortion and covalent bond strengthening.Besides,the“host lattice”of multi-component carbide ceramics is defined based on the concept of supporting lattice.The present work is of great significance for a deeper understanding of the hardening mechanism of multi-component carbide ceramics and the design of superhard multi-component carbides.
基金supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2023NSFSC0101)the 2024 Provincial platform project of Chengdu Normal University(No.GNFZ202404)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021MB065)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22101237)。
文摘A convenient photocatalytic multi-component reaction of alkenes,quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones,and diazo compounds has been developed in the presence of water.A number of ester-containing quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones could be efficiently obtained in moderate to good yields at room temperature.This metal-free visiblelight-driven tandem reaction was conducted through proton-coupled electron transfer(PCET)process using water as the hydrogen donor and 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene(4CzIPN)as the photocatalyst.
基金funded by the Forward-looking Basic Science and Technology Research Project of PetroChina Company Limited(2025DJ104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42174150)the National Science and Technology Major Project for Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration(2024ZD1003005).
文摘The construction of a borehole correction library for the multi-component array induction tool in deviated boreholes involves extensive 3D forward modeling and typically requires significant computational resources.To address this challenge,this paper proposes an efficient algorithm for the library construction based on the 3D finite volume method(FVM)and contraction high-order Born approximation(CHBA).First,the electromagnetic(EM)field solution region is divided into two symmetric subregions based on the symmetry of the correction library model and the EM field.Numerical solution on a single subregion,combined with the symmetry boundary extension technique,enhances the efficiency of the 3D numerical simulation.Second,three reference mud conductivities are selected based on the mud conductivity range,and the CHBA is applied to calculate the EM responses at all mud conductivity nodes rapidly.Third,the number of forward simulation operations is further reduced by exploiting the principle that models with different frequencies and different formation conductivities have equivalent EM responses.Numerical experiments demonstrate the correctness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.Compared to conventional 3D modeling,the proposed algorithm achieves approximately a 20-fold speedup in library construction,effectively reducing computational resources and time consumption.
基金funding from the European Union's Horizon 2022 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie(MSCA-Postdoctoral Fellowships 2022),grant agreement No.101105558-NovelPBC-HORIZON-MSCA-2022-PF-01。
文摘Recently,with the efforts of food specialists,protein sources in the diet is rapidly changing.Consequently,novel products based on plant proteins or lab-grown proteins are increasingly being introduced to consumers.However,the food industry is facing new challenges in creating natural,innovative,accessible,and nutritious dairy-free alternatives.Designing dairy-free cheese alternatives with beneficial nutritional profiles,bioavailability,and digestibility requires a thorough understanding of the molecular characteristics of plant-derived ingredients,their structural assembly,and their role in physicochemical and sensory properties of the final product.In other words,with a deep knowledge of the nature of plant-based ingredients and the intelligent control of intermolecular interactions,these ingredients can be used to produce dairy-free cheese alternatives with the same characteristics as dairy products.Therefore,this review aims to synthesize current knowledge on production techniques and key factors influencing the design of dairy-free cheese alternatives.By examining the interactions between carbohydrates,proteins,and other ingredients,as well as their ability to replicate the functional and textural properties of traditional dairy cheeses,this review provides valuable insights for the development of high-quality dairy-free cheese alternatives.In the design of these alternatives,fractionation and tissue disruption routes are employed.The difference in the number and distribution of their surface groups has a significant effect on ability of plant polysaccharides and proteins to interact with other molecules.Gel strength decreases with decreasing plant biopolymer concentration,bond strength,and crosslinking density.While heat treatment can unfold proteins and minimize their net charge,the hydrophobic attraction becomes the primary driver of protein-protein interactions in plant-based cheeses.In contrast,the 3D-structure of dairy cheeses is stabilized through a combination of hydrophobic interactions,hydrogen bonds,and calcium bridges.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12172267 and 12302014).
文摘Quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies exhibit the feature of 2π-periodicity with respect to each of the hyper-time variables.However,it remains a challenge work,due to the lack of effective solution methods,to solve and track the quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies until now.In this work,a multi-steps variable-coefficient formulation is proposed,which provides a unified framework to enable either harmonic balance method or collocation method or finite difference method to solve quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies.For this purpose,a method of alternating U and S domain is also developed to efficiently evaluate the nonlinear force terms.Furthermore,a new robust phase condition is presented for all of the three methods to make them track the quasi-periodic solutions with prior unknown multiple base frequencies,while the stability of the quasi-periodic solutions is assessed by mean of Lyapunov exponents.The feasibility of the constructed methods under the above framework is verified by application to three nonlinear systems.
文摘A multi-component system has the long fixed maintenance time, so the opportunistic maintenance policy is adopted to put preventive replacement and corrective replacement together, so that the long fixed maintenance time can be shared by more than one component, and the system availability can be improved. Then, the generation characteristics of the random failure time are researched based on the replacement maintenance and the minima[ maintenance. Furthermore, by choosing the opportunistic replacement ages of each component as opti- mized variables, a simulation algorithm based on an opportunistic maintenance policy is designed to maximize the total availability. Finally, the simulation result shows the validity of the algorithm by an example.
基金Science and Technology Department of Henan province Fund Project(Grant No.144300510019)
文摘Previous study has shown that 10-hydroxycamptothecin（HCPT） has well-established pharmacological effects in vitro.However,its in vivo bioavailability is very poor due to various problems,which severely restricts its clinical applications.In the present study,phospholipid complex（PC） technology was employed to improve the solubility and bioavailability of HCPT.XRD data confirmed the formation of HCPT-PC.However,our previously prepared HCPT-PC is too sticky,which may result in the slow dissolution rate and negative effects on its absorption.Therefore,we prepared HCPT-PC-solid dispersion（HCPT-PC-SD）and lipid-based formulations of HCPT-PC through simple preparation process.The results showed that the dissolution rate of HCPT-PC was effectively improved by solid dispersion technology,which reached 91.73%in 45 min.Pharmacokinetic study revealed that the AUC_（0-t） of HCPT-PC-SD and HCPT-PC lipid-based formulations was effectively further increased compared with HCPT-PC.Moreover,we found that the combination of SD technology and lipid-base formulations could be a promising drug-delivery system to improve the oral bioavailability of HCPT-PC.In addition,we showed that the bioavailability of HCPT-PC lipid-base formulations was even greater than that of HCPT-PC-SD.In particular,lipid-base formulations could be prepared just by a simple method,suggesting its feasibility of industrialization.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21571142)the Developing Science Fund of Tongji University,the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ14B010001)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo,China(2016A610105)
文摘This review focuses on the recent research progress in the multi-component assembly of luminescent rare earth hybrid materials, which is based on the luminescent rare earth compounds and two or more other building units, including the other photoactive species. It covers the multi-component luminescent rare earth hybrids which was assembled with different(a) organic-inorganic polymeric units,(b)nanoporous units,(c) nanoparticle composites or(d) other developing special units. Finally, future challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed. Herein it mainly focuses on the work of Yan's group in recent years.
基金supported by Keimyung University Research Grant of 2017
文摘3 D printing is a method of rapid prototyping and manufacturing in which materials are deposited onto one another in layers to produce a three-dimensional object. Although 3 D printing was developed in the 1980 s and the technology has found widespread industrial applications for production from automotive parts to machine tools,its application in pharmaceutical area is still limited. However,the potential of 3 D printing in the pharmaceutical industry is now being recognized. The ability of 3 D printing to produce medications to exact specifications tailored to the needs of individual patients has indicated the possibility of developing personalized medicines. The technology allows dosage forms to be precisely printed in various shapes,sizes and textures that are difficult to produce using traditional techniques. However,there are various challenges associated with the proper application of3 D printing in the pharmaceutical sector which should be overcome to exploit the scope of this technology. In this review,an overview is provided on the various 3 D printing technologies used in fabrication of complex dosage forms along with their feasibility and limitations.
文摘A general scheme for generating a multi-component integrable equation hierarchy is proposed. A simple 3M- dimensional loop algebra ~X is produced. By taking advantage of ~X a new isospectral problem is established and then by making use of the Tu scheme the multi-component Dirac equation hierarchy is obtained. Finally, an expanding loop algebra ~FM of the loop algebra ~X is presented. Based on the ~FM, the multi-component integrable coupling system of the multi-component Dirac equation hierarchy is investigated. The method in this paper can be applied to other nonlinear evolution equation hierarchies.
基金The research was supported by the Notion's Fifteenth Scientific and Technological Breakthrough Project: Research of Vector and Mountain Seismic Exploration (No.2001BA605A-12).
文摘Seismic AVO analysis now is one of the major criteria for recognizing potential hydrocarbon reservoirs. Volume scattering information that carries information of stratigraphic structure, lithology, and pore fluid is more useful for seismic exploration. However, traditional AVO analysis is based on the Zoeppritz equation, which only contains single-interface information. Quantitative interpretation of the thin bed thickness is essential to thin bed structure interpretation, reservoir description, and lateral reservoir prediction. The reflectance spectrum equation based on the elastic wave propagation matrix in the frequency domain derived in this paper shows that both interfaces and intervals have an effect on amplitude. The equation includes information about both single interfaces and volume scattering. Since the reflectance spectrum equation is a continuous function of thin bed thickness and frequency, it is convenient to analyze the effects of a single frequency and bed thickness on the reflectance spectrum. Bed thickness is analyzable until the bed thickness is vanishingly small. These characteristics can＇t be achieved by Fourier transform. The propagation of seismic waves is complex and various wave modes exist simultaneously. The reflectance spectrum includes various propagating wave modes and multiples and is better for simulating multi-component thin bed AVO responses than the ray tracing method.
基金supported by grants from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (2572016DA02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570642)the Science and Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship Projects of Returned Overseas Personnel in Jilin Province, China (2013-36)
文摘A dry flowable formulation of Clonostachys rosea with fungicidal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was prepared by spray drying. The formulation was optimized by a four-factor, three-level orthogonal experiment to screen inert ingredients and spray-drying conditions. The optimal dry flowable formulation of C. rosea included 30% C. rosea （ratio of conidia powder and its fermentation broth is 1：3）, 3% Morwet EFW, 4% K12, 10% Morwet D425, 9% sodium salt of polynaphthalene sulphonic acid （NNO）, 5% croscarmellose sodium, 5% （NH4）2SO4, 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium （CMC-Na）, 1% oxalic acid and palygorskite （carrier） up to 100%. The formulation exhibited good physical characteristics, such as high dispersibility, viability and a long shelf life. Plate antagonism tests and pot trials indicated that the dry flowable formulation was very effective against S. sclerotiorum, with control efficiency of up to 88.30%. This dry flowable formulation of C. rosea is a new potential commercial fungicide for spray drying to control S. sclerotiorum.
