The overall cross-linking copolymerization of acrylic acid and multi-armed cross-linkers are investigated by in situ interferometry. The results show that the more arms the cross-linkers have, the higher the polymeriz...The overall cross-linking copolymerization of acrylic acid and multi-armed cross-linkers are investigated by in situ interferometry. The results show that the more arms the cross-linkers have, the higher the polymerization rate is. However, they also mean the existence of less cross-linking efficiency and some defects in gel network.展开更多
Federated learning(FL)is an intricate and privacy-preserving technique that enables distributed mobile devices to collaboratively train a machine learning model.However,in real-world FL scenarios,the training performa...Federated learning(FL)is an intricate and privacy-preserving technique that enables distributed mobile devices to collaboratively train a machine learning model.However,in real-world FL scenarios,the training performance is affected by a combination of factors such as the mobility of user devices,limited communication and computational resources,thus making the user scheduling problem crucial.To tackle this problem,we jointly consider the user mobility,communication and computational capacities,and develop a stochastic optimization problem to minimize the convergence time.Specifically,we first establish a convergence bound on the training performance based on the heterogeneity of users’data,and then leverage this bound to derive the participation rate for each user.After deriving the user-specific participation rate,we aim to minimize the training latency by optimizing user scheduling under the constraints of the energy consumption and participation rate.Afterward,we transform this optimization problem to the contextual multi-armed bandit framework based on the Lyapunov method and solve it with the submodular reward enhanced linear upper confidence bound(SR-linUCB)algorithm.Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed algorithm on the training performance and time consumption compared with stateof-the-art algorithms for both independent and identically distributed(IID)and non-IID settings.展开更多
Based on the characteristics of laser-induced surface ignition,energetic photosensitive films show promising potential to meet the ignition requirements of various energetic materials(EMs).In this study,DATNBI/ferric ...Based on the characteristics of laser-induced surface ignition,energetic photosensitive films show promising potential to meet the ignition requirements of various energetic materials(EMs).In this study,DATNBI/ferric alginate(DI/FeA),DI/cobalt alginate(DI/CoA),and DI/nickel alginate(DI/Ni A)films are fabricated by employing sodium alginate(SA)with a three-dimensional network structure as the film matrix,via ionic cross-linking of SA with Fe^(3+),Co^(2+),and Ni^(2+)ions.The study demonstrates that the ionic cross-linking enhances the hydrophobic performance of the films,with the water contact angle increasing from 82.1° to 123.5°.Concurrently,the films'near-infrared(NIR)light absorption improved.Furthermore,transition metal ions facilitate accelerated electron transfer,thereby catalyzing the thermal decomposition of DATNBI.Under 1064 nm laser irradiation,the DI/Fe A film exhibits exceptional combustion performance,with an ignition delay time as low as 76 ms.It successfully acts as an NIR laser ignition medium to initiate the self-sustained combustion of CL-20.This study demonstrates the synergistic realization of enhanced hydrophobicity,improved photosensitivity,and promoted catalytic decomposition through microstructural design of the material,providing new insights for the design of additive-free EMs in laser ignition applications.展开更多
Corn starch(CS)is a renewable,biodegradable polysaccharide valued for its film-forming ability,yet native CS films exhibit lowmechanical strength,highwater sensitivity,and limited thermal stability.This study improves...Corn starch(CS)is a renewable,biodegradable polysaccharide valued for its film-forming ability,yet native CS films exhibit lowmechanical strength,highwater sensitivity,and limited thermal stability.This study improves CS-based films by blending with poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)or glycerol(GLY)and using citric acid(CA)as a green,non-toxic cross-linker.Composite films were prepared by casting CS–PVA or CS-GLY with CA at 0%-0.20%(w/w of starch).The influence of CA on physicochemical,mechanical,optical,thermal,and water barrier properties was evaluated.CA crosslinking markedly enhanced the tensile strength,water resistance,and thermal stability of CS-PVA films while increasing transparency in CS–GLY films.At 0.20%CA,the composite achieved 34.99MPa tensile strength,reducedwater vapor permeability,andminimized water uptake.FTIR confirmed ester bond formation between CAand hydroxyl groups of CS,PVA,and GLY,whereas thermal analysis showed higher decomposition temperatures and lower weight loss in crosslinked films.Increasing CA levels also decreased opacity and improved light transmittance,indicating greater homogeneity and reduced crystallinity.This dual-polymer matrix combined with a natural crosslinking strategy provides a sustainable route to high-performance,biodegradable CS-based packaging materials.展开更多
As a combination of edge computing and artificial intelligence,edge intelligence has become a promising technique and provided its users with a series of fast,precise,and customized services.In edge intelligence,when ...As a combination of edge computing and artificial intelligence,edge intelligence has become a promising technique and provided its users with a series of fast,precise,and customized services.In edge intelligence,when learning agents are deployed on the edge side,the data aggregation from the end side to the designated edge devices is an important research topic.Considering the various importance of end devices,this paper studies the weighted data aggregation problem in a single hop end-to-edge communication network.Firstly,to make sure all the end devices with various weights are fairly treated in data aggregation,a distributed end-to-edge cooperative scheme is proposed.Then,to handle the massive contention on the wireless channel caused by end devices,a multi-armed bandit(MAB)algorithm is designed to help the end devices find their most appropriate update rates.Diffe-rent from the traditional data aggregation works,combining the MAB enables our algorithm a higher efficiency in data aggregation.With a theoretical analysis,we show that the efficiency of our algorithm is asymptotically optimal.Comparative experiments with previous works are also conducted to show the strength of our algorithm.展开更多
Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-based films containing Chinese bayberry tannin(BT)were prepared by cross-linking using glyoxal,glutaraldehyde and dialdehyde starch,individually.The presence of cross-linkers was evident to prom...Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-based films containing Chinese bayberry tannin(BT)were prepared by cross-linking using glyoxal,glutaraldehyde and dialdehyde starch,individually.The presence of cross-linkers was evident to promote the transparency and decrease the moisture content of PVA/BT films,while the water solubility stayed almost unchanged in the cross-linked PVA/BTfilms.All cross-linkers provided promotion of the water vapor per-meability,mechanical property and thermal stability of PVA/BT films.The best water vapor barrier capacity was found in case of glutaraldehyde cross-linked PVA/BT film,while the highest tensile strength was encountered in case of glyoxal cross-linked PVA/BT films,compared with the uncross-linked films.The scavenging action of the films towards DPPH radical activity was influenced by the nature of each cross-linker.Namely,the PVA/AT film cross-linked by glutaraldehyde acquired the lowest radical scavenging activity in a certain time,suggesting that glutaraldehyde decreased the release rate of BT from PVA.Based on the experimental data,glutaraldehyde and dialdehyde starch could be more suitable for PVA/BT film preparation since they can promote the intermo-lecular interaction of PVA and BT to a reasonable extent.展开更多
Peroxide-cured high-temperature vulcanized （HTV） silicone rubber was prepared by using allyl-capped carbosilane dendrimers, in which the core molecule is Si（CHaCH=CH2）4, as the cross-linker. It showed that this ki...Peroxide-cured high-temperature vulcanized （HTV） silicone rubber was prepared by using allyl-capped carbosilane dendrimers, in which the core molecule is Si（CHaCH=CH2）4, as the cross-linker. It showed that this kind of allyl-capped carbosilane dendrimer improved the mechanical properties of silicone rubber.展开更多
The cloud platform has limited defense resources to fully protect the edge servers used to process crowd sensing data in Internet of Things.To guarantee the network's overall security,we present a network defense ...The cloud platform has limited defense resources to fully protect the edge servers used to process crowd sensing data in Internet of Things.To guarantee the network's overall security,we present a network defense resource allocation with multi-armed bandits to maximize the network's overall benefit.Firstly,we propose the method for dynamic setting of node defense resource thresholds to obtain the defender(attacker)benefit function of edge servers(nodes)and distribution.Secondly,we design a defense resource sharing mechanism for neighboring nodes to obtain the defense capability of nodes.Subsequently,we use the decomposability and Lipschitz conti-nuity of the defender's total expected utility to reduce the difference between the utility's discrete and continuous arms and analyze the difference theoretically.Finally,experimental results show that the method maximizes the defender's total expected utility and reduces the difference between the discrete and continuous arms of the utility.展开更多
The nonradiative recombination of charge carriers at the hole transport layer(HTL)/perovskite interface generally induces remarkable performance loss of the inverted two-dimensional perovskite solar cells(2D PSCs).Her...The nonradiative recombination of charge carriers at the hole transport layer(HTL)/perovskite interface generally induces remarkable performance loss of the inverted two-dimensional perovskite solar cells(2D PSCs).Herein,a cross-linkable small molecule of 2-mercaptoimidazole(2-MI)was introduced into the nickel oxide(NiO_(x))/2D perovskite interface.Experiments have confirmed the formation of Ni-N covalent bond by N atom in the 2-MI and Ni in the NiO_(x)and the coordinating between S atom of 2-MI and under-coordinated Pb^(2+)near to the NiO_(x)/perovskite interface,which contributes to creating a crosslinking between NiO_(x)/perovskite interface to restrain charge carrier recombination and enhance the extraction of hole carriers at the interface.Besides,the 2-MI modification layer is also beneficial for promoting the crystallinity of 2D perovskite.Consequently,the inverted 2D PSCs with 2-MI modification achieved the best power conversion efficiency of 15%.This paves a route to acquire highly efficient 2D PSCs by constructing a cross-linking at the NiO_(x)HTL/2D perovskite interface.展开更多
The process of making decisions is something humans do inherently and routinely,to the extent that it appears commonplace. However,in order to achieve good overall performance,decisions must take into account both the...The process of making decisions is something humans do inherently and routinely,to the extent that it appears commonplace. However,in order to achieve good overall performance,decisions must take into account both the outcomes of past decisions and opportunities of future ones. Reinforcement learning,which is fundamental to sequential decision-making,consists of the following components: 1 A set of decisions epochs; 2 A set of environment states; 3 A set of available actions to transition states; 4 State-action dependent immediate rewards for each action.At each decision,the environment state provides the decision maker with a set of available actions from which to choose. As a result of selecting a particular action in the state,the environment generates an immediate reward for the decision maker and shifts to a different state and decision. The ultimate goal for the decision maker is to maximize the total reward after a sequence of time steps.This paper will focus on an archetypal example of reinforcement learning,the stochastic multi-armed bandit problem. After introducing the dilemma,I will briefly cover the most common methods used to solve it,namely the UCB and εn- greedy algorithms. I will also introduce my own greedy implementation,the strict-greedy algorithm,which more tightly follows the greedy pattern in algorithm design,and show that it runs comparably to the two accepted algorithms.展开更多
Artificial intelligence has permeated all aspects of our lives today. However, to make AI behave like real AI, the critical bottleneck lies in the speed of computing. Quantum computers employ the peculiar and unique p...Artificial intelligence has permeated all aspects of our lives today. However, to make AI behave like real AI, the critical bottleneck lies in the speed of computing. Quantum computers employ the peculiar and unique properties of quantum states such as superposition, entanglement, and interference to process information in ways that classical computers cannot. As a new paradigm of computation, quantum computers are capable of performing tasks intractable for classical processors, thus providing a quantum leap in AI research and making the development of real AI a possibility. In this regard, quantum machine learning not only enhances the classical machine learning approach but more importantly it provides an avenue to explore new machine learning models that have no classical counterparts. The qubit-based quantum computers cannot naturally represent the continuous variables commonly used in machine learning, since the measurement outputs of qubit-based circuits are generally discrete. Therefore, a continuous-variable (CV) quantum architecture based on a photonic quantum computing model is selected for our study. In this work, we employ machine learning and optimization to create photonic quantum circuits that can solve the contextual multi-armed bandit problem, a problem in the domain of reinforcement learning, which demonstrates that quantum reinforcement learning algorithms can be learned by a quantum device.展开更多
Polyaddition using isocyanate and polyol forms polyurethane elastomer (PUE). However, this method has rarely been applied to the construction of PUEs containing sucrose. Hence, the introduction of sucrose (disaccharid...Polyaddition using isocyanate and polyol forms polyurethane elastomer (PUE). However, this method has rarely been applied to the construction of PUEs containing sucrose. Hence, the introduction of sucrose (disaccharide) as a cross-linker via polyaddition remains a challenging subject in polymer chemistry. Here, we report the synthesis of PUEs using an aromatic isocyanate (4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate), polyols including a polyether polyol (polytetramethylene glycol) and two polyester polyols (polycaprolactone and polycarbonate diols), and sucrose as a crosslinker by a one-shot method. The PUEs containing sucrose were successfully produced. The use of sucrose was essential to obtain the desired PUEs containing sucrose units in the main chain.展开更多
AIM:To compare simultaneous corneal collagen cross-linking(CXL)with intracorneal ring segment(ICRS)implantation versus successive ICRS followed by CXL and detect the impact of the timing of CXL after ICRS implantation...AIM:To compare simultaneous corneal collagen cross-linking(CXL)with intracorneal ring segment(ICRS)implantation versus successive ICRS followed by CXL and detect the impact of the timing of CXL after ICRS implantation in the successive method.METHODS:This is a retrospective study of the records of three groups of patients.Group 1 of 28 patients were operated on with simultaneous ICRS implantation and CXL,group 2 of 32 patients had ICRS implantation followed by CXL after 1mo,and group 3 of 38 patients had ICRS implantation followed by CXL after 3mo.The three groups had follow-up visits after 6,12,and 24mo.RESULTS:The preoperative data,age,and gender differences among 3 groups revealed no significant differences.The postoperative spherical equivalent and best-corrected visual acuity were improved significantly in all groups compared to the baseline,which were more evident in groups 1 and 2.The differences between preoperative and postoperative mean values of mean of K readings(Km)and maximum K reading(Kmax)at 6mo were 4.66 and 4.1 D in group 1,4.43 and 4.64 D in group 2,but 3.2 and 3.4 D in group 3,respectively.The spherical aberrations and the vertical coma showed significant postoperative changes in all groups,and trefoil showed nonsignificant changes.CONCLUSION:Simultaneous and sequential ICRS implantation and CXL at 1mo has similar Km and Kmax better postoperative changes than when both surgeries were done at three-month intervals.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the response of the anterior and posterior corneal surface in femtosecond laser-assisted convex stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty(SLAK)combined with cross-linking(CXL)for treating keratoconus ...AIM:To investigate the response of the anterior and posterior corneal surface in femtosecond laser-assisted convex stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty(SLAK)combined with cross-linking(CXL)for treating keratoconus at the first 3mo of follow-up.METHODS:In this prospective observational study,20 eyes of 20 keratoconus patients who underwent SLAK combined with CXL were included.The morphological indices in keratometry and elevation data were recorded from the Sirius at baseline and 1 and 3mo postoperatively.The mean values of maximum keratometry(K_(max)),flat keratometry(K_(1)),and steep keratometry(K_(2))at the central,3-mm,5-mm,and 7-mm areas were measured from the curvature map.The changes in anterior and posterior corneal elevation under the best-fit sphere(BFS)radius at seven points horizontally of the center,3-mm,5-mm,and 7-mm area from the center at both nasal(N)and temporal(T)side were measured from elevation map.RESULTS:For the front corneal curvature,K_(1),and K_(2) at 3-mm,5-mm,and 7-mm of the anterior corneal surface increased significantly 1mo postoperatively(all P<0.05)and remained unchanged until 3mo(P>0.05).For the back corneal curvature,K_(1) and K_(2) along the 3-mm back meridian significantly decreased after month 1(P=0.002,0.077,respectively).Posterior K_(2)-readings along the 5-mm and 7-mm did not change after surgery(P>0.05).Anterior BFS decreased 1mo(P<0.001)postoperatively but remained unchanged until 3mo after SLAK(P>0.05).There was no change in posterior BFS before and after the surgery(P>0.05).Anterior elevation at N5,N3,central,and T5 points and posterior elevation at central and T7 points shifted backward 1mo postoperatively(all P<0.05)and remained stable until 3mo(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The myopic SLAK combined with CXL is an economical alternative for stabilizing the corneal surface in severe keraoconus.“Pseudoprogression”occurs in the early phase postoperatively,but it is not an indicator of keratoconus progression.展开更多
Aging is a persistent topic of interest,with skin aging as its most visible manifestation,characterized by a reduction in intact collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis.Hyaluronic acid,a vital component of the extra...Aging is a persistent topic of interest,with skin aging as its most visible manifestation,characterized by a reduction in intact collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis.Hyaluronic acid,a vital component of the extracellular matrix present in the skin,has become a mainstream method for skin rejuvenation through injections.However,the rapid degradation of pure hyaluronic acid,combined with insufficient maintenance duration and often limited therapeutic effects,presents significant challenges for injectable treatments.Additionally,low patient compliance due to discomfort from needles penetrating the dermal layer further complicates its use.In this review,we summarize and compare existing interventions for skin aging,focusing on strategies to prolong the degradation cycle of hyaluronic acid,including variations in cross-linking modalities and injection techniques.We conclude that the injection of cross-linked modified hyaluronic acid via microneedles represents a promising approach to extend the degradation cycle,offering valuable insights for current therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Polymer binders possess significant potential in alleviating the volume expansion issues of silicon-based anodes,yet remain challenging due to insufficient interfacial interactions with individual components(Si,C,and ...Polymer binders possess significant potential in alleviating the volume expansion issues of silicon-based anodes,yet remain challenging due to insufficient interfacial interactions with individual components(Si,C,and Cu)of the anode.Herein,we report the synthesis of a stable three-dimensional network structure of the PAA-PEA(polyacrylic acid-polyether amines)polymer binder through intermolecular physicochemical dual cross-linking.By incorporating polar functional groups,the binder molecules not only form strong C-O-Si,N-Si,O=C-O-C,and O=C-O-Cu covalent bonds but also enhance non-covalent interactions with Si,C,and Cu,thereby improving adhesion between the binder and each interface of the anode.Furthermore,weak hydrogen bonds,acting as"sacrificial bonds",dissipate energy and disperse accumulated stress,improving the material flexibility.Due to the high mechanical stability of the framework,which combines both rigidity and flexibility and the coupling effect at the three interfaces,the movement and separation of electrode components are effectively restrained,significantly enhancing the cycling stability of silicon-graphite anodes.The PAA-PEA 2000 electrode exhibits a capacity retention of 78% after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g^(-1).This work provides insights into the mechanism of binders and guides the design of polymer binders for high-performance Si-based electrodes.展开更多
Nanomaterials are extensively utilized in a multitude of sectors,but their propensity to aggregate can considerably diminish the efficacy of functional materials.A pivotal challenge in this domain is achieving a homog...Nanomaterials are extensively utilized in a multitude of sectors,but their propensity to aggregate can considerably diminish the efficacy of functional materials.A pivotal challenge in this domain is achieving a homogenous distribution of nanomaterials,which is essential for enhancing their performance while also reducing production costs.In this work,we achieve uniform and stable dispersion of various nano-materials through the confinement effect generated by the stereocomplex cross-linked network formed by the combination of poly(L-lactic)acid and poly(D-lactic)acid.The unique confinement effect of poly-lactic acid(PLA)isomers is universal and significantly enhances the dispersion of nanomaterials in both PLA solutions and films.To demonstrate the efficacy of our approach,we disperse aggregation-induced emission(AIE)molecules within PLA,which leads to the production of PLA films exhibiting improved fluorescence property.This work provides an effective solution for the preparation of nanocomposite ma-terials that are both high-performing and cost-efficient.展开更多
Highly transparent,durable,and flexible liquid-repellent coatings are urgently needed in the realm of transparent materials,such as car windows,optical lenses,solar panels,and flexible screen materials.However,it has ...Highly transparent,durable,and flexible liquid-repellent coatings are urgently needed in the realm of transparent materials,such as car windows,optical lenses,solar panels,and flexible screen materials.However,it has been difficult to strike a balance between the robustness and flexibility of coatings constructed by a single cross-linked network design.To overcome the conundrum,this innovative approach effectively combines two distinct cross-linked networks with unique functions,thus overcoming the challenge.Through a tightly interwoven structure comprised of added crosslinking sites,the coating achieves improved liquid repellency(WCA>100°,OSA<10°),increased durability(withstands 2,000 cycles of cotton wear),enhanced flexibility(endures 5,000 cycles of bending with a bending radius of 1 mm),and maintains high transparency(over 98%in the range of 410 nm to 760 nm).Additionally,the coating with remarkable adhesion can be applied to multiple substrates,enabling large-scale preparation and easy cycling coating,thus expanding its potential applications.The architecture of this fluoride-free dual cross-linked network not only advances liquid-repellent surfaces but also provides valuable insights for the development of eco-friendly materials in the future.展开更多
The increasing complexity of on-orbit tasks imposes great demands on the flexible operation of space robotic arms, prompting the development of space robots from single-arm manipulation to multi-arm collaboration. In ...The increasing complexity of on-orbit tasks imposes great demands on the flexible operation of space robotic arms, prompting the development of space robots from single-arm manipulation to multi-arm collaboration. In this paper, a combined approach of Learning from Demonstration (LfD) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) is proposed for space multi-arm collaborative skill learning. The combination effectively resolves the trade-off between learning efficiency and feasible solution in LfD, as well as the time-consuming pursuit of the optimal solution in RL. With the prior knowledge of LfD, space robotic arms can achieve efficient guided learning in high-dimensional state-action space. Specifically, an LfD approach with Probabilistic Movement Primitives (ProMP) is firstly utilized to encode and reproduce the demonstration actions, generating a distribution as the initialization of policy. Then in the RL stage, a Relative Entropy Policy Search (REPS) algorithm modified in continuous state-action space is employed for further policy improvement. More importantly, the learned behaviors can maintain and reflect the characteristics of demonstrations. In addition, a series of supplementary policy search mechanisms are designed to accelerate the exploration process. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified both theoretically and experimentally. Moreover, comparisons with state-of-the-art methods have confirmed the outperformance of the approach.展开更多
In this study,a novel cost-effective methodology was developed to enhance the gas barrier properties and permselectivity of unfilled natural rubber(NR)/polybutadiene rubber(BR)composites through the construction of a ...In this study,a novel cost-effective methodology was developed to enhance the gas barrier properties and permselectivity of unfilled natural rubber(NR)/polybutadiene rubber(BR)composites through the construction of a heterogeneous structure using pre-vulcanized powder rubber to replace traditional fillers.The matrix material is composed of a blend of NR and BR,which is widely used in tire manufacturing.By incorporating pre-vulcanized trans-1,4-poly(isoprene-co-butadiene)(TBIR)rubber powder(pVTPR)with different cross-linking densities and contents,significant improvements in the gas barrier properties and CO_(2)permselectivity of the NR/BR/pVTPR composites were observed.The results indicated that compared to NR/BR/TBIR composites prepared through direct blending of NR,BR,and TBIR,the NR/BR/pVTPR composites exhibited markedly superior gas barrier properties.Increasing the cross-linking density of pVTPR resulted in progressive enhancement of the gas barrier properties of the NR/BR/pVTPR composite.For example,the addition of 20 phr pVTPR with a cross-linking density of 346 mol/m^(3)resulted in a 79%improvement in the oxygen barrier property of NR/BR/pVTPR compared to NR/BR,achieving a value of 5.47×10^(-14)cm^(3)·cm·cm^(-2)·s^(-1)·Pa^(-1).Similarly,the nitrogen barrier property improved by 76%compared to NR/BR,reaching 2.4×10^(-14)cm^(3)·cm·cm^(-2)·s^(-1)·Pa^(-1),which is 28%higher than the conventional inner liner material brominated butyl rubber(BIIR,PN2=3.32×10^(-14)cm^(3)·cm·cm^(-2)·s^(-1)·Pa^(-1)).Owing to its low cost,exceptional gas barrier properties,superior adhesion to various tire components,and co-vulcanization capabilities,the NR/BR/pVTPR composite has emerged as a promising alternative to butyl rubber in the inner liner of tires.Furthermore,by fine-tuning the cross-linking density of pVTPR,the high-gas-barrier NR/BR/pVTPR composites also demonstrated remarkable CO_(2)permselectivity,with a CO_(2)/N2 selectivity of 61.4 and a CO_(2)/O_(2)selectivity of 26.12.This innovation provides a novel strategy for CO_(2)capture and separation,with potential applications in future environmental and industrial processes.The multifunctional NR/BR/pVTPR composite,with its superior gas barrier properties and CO_(2)permselectivity,is expected to contribute to the development of safer,greener,and more cost-effective transportation solutions.展开更多
文摘The overall cross-linking copolymerization of acrylic acid and multi-armed cross-linkers are investigated by in situ interferometry. The results show that the more arms the cross-linkers have, the higher the polymerization rate is. However, they also mean the existence of less cross-linking efficiency and some defects in gel network.
基金supported in part by the Key Technologies R&D Program of Jiangsu under Grants BE2023022 and BE2023022-2National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62471204, 62531015+2 种基金Major Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province under Grant 24KJA510003Shanghai Kewei 24DP1500500the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 2242025K30025
文摘Federated learning(FL)is an intricate and privacy-preserving technique that enables distributed mobile devices to collaboratively train a machine learning model.However,in real-world FL scenarios,the training performance is affected by a combination of factors such as the mobility of user devices,limited communication and computational resources,thus making the user scheduling problem crucial.To tackle this problem,we jointly consider the user mobility,communication and computational capacities,and develop a stochastic optimization problem to minimize the convergence time.Specifically,we first establish a convergence bound on the training performance based on the heterogeneity of users’data,and then leverage this bound to derive the participation rate for each user.After deriving the user-specific participation rate,we aim to minimize the training latency by optimizing user scheduling under the constraints of the energy consumption and participation rate.Afterward,we transform this optimization problem to the contextual multi-armed bandit framework based on the Lyapunov method and solve it with the submodular reward enhanced linear upper confidence bound(SR-linUCB)algorithm.Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed algorithm on the training performance and time consumption compared with stateof-the-art algorithms for both independent and identically distributed(IID)and non-IID settings.
基金supported by Research Fund of SWUST for PhD(Grant No.22zx7175)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2024NSFSC1097)。
文摘Based on the characteristics of laser-induced surface ignition,energetic photosensitive films show promising potential to meet the ignition requirements of various energetic materials(EMs).In this study,DATNBI/ferric alginate(DI/FeA),DI/cobalt alginate(DI/CoA),and DI/nickel alginate(DI/Ni A)films are fabricated by employing sodium alginate(SA)with a three-dimensional network structure as the film matrix,via ionic cross-linking of SA with Fe^(3+),Co^(2+),and Ni^(2+)ions.The study demonstrates that the ionic cross-linking enhances the hydrophobic performance of the films,with the water contact angle increasing from 82.1° to 123.5°.Concurrently,the films'near-infrared(NIR)light absorption improved.Furthermore,transition metal ions facilitate accelerated electron transfer,thereby catalyzing the thermal decomposition of DATNBI.Under 1064 nm laser irradiation,the DI/Fe A film exhibits exceptional combustion performance,with an ignition delay time as low as 76 ms.It successfully acts as an NIR laser ignition medium to initiate the self-sustained combustion of CL-20.This study demonstrates the synergistic realization of enhanced hydrophobicity,improved photosensitivity,and promoted catalytic decomposition through microstructural design of the material,providing new insights for the design of additive-free EMs in laser ignition applications.
基金supported through RIIM Competition funding from the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education Agency,Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia and National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia according to the contract number:61/IV/KS/5/2023 and 2131/UN6.3.1/PT.00/2023.
文摘Corn starch(CS)is a renewable,biodegradable polysaccharide valued for its film-forming ability,yet native CS films exhibit lowmechanical strength,highwater sensitivity,and limited thermal stability.This study improves CS-based films by blending with poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)or glycerol(GLY)and using citric acid(CA)as a green,non-toxic cross-linker.Composite films were prepared by casting CS–PVA or CS-GLY with CA at 0%-0.20%(w/w of starch).The influence of CA on physicochemical,mechanical,optical,thermal,and water barrier properties was evaluated.CA crosslinking markedly enhanced the tensile strength,water resistance,and thermal stability of CS-PVA films while increasing transparency in CS–GLY films.At 0.20%CA,the composite achieved 34.99MPa tensile strength,reducedwater vapor permeability,andminimized water uptake.FTIR confirmed ester bond formation between CAand hydroxyl groups of CS,PVA,and GLY,whereas thermal analysis showed higher decomposition temperatures and lower weight loss in crosslinked films.Increasing CA levels also decreased opacity and improved light transmittance,indicating greater homogeneity and reduced crystallinity.This dual-polymer matrix combined with a natural crosslinking strategy provides a sustainable route to high-performance,biodegradable CS-based packaging materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(62102232,62122042,61971269)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province Under(ZR2021QF064)。
文摘As a combination of edge computing and artificial intelligence,edge intelligence has become a promising technique and provided its users with a series of fast,precise,and customized services.In edge intelligence,when learning agents are deployed on the edge side,the data aggregation from the end side to the designated edge devices is an important research topic.Considering the various importance of end devices,this paper studies the weighted data aggregation problem in a single hop end-to-edge communication network.Firstly,to make sure all the end devices with various weights are fairly treated in data aggregation,a distributed end-to-edge cooperative scheme is proposed.Then,to handle the massive contention on the wireless channel caused by end devices,a multi-armed bandit(MAB)algorithm is designed to help the end devices find their most appropriate update rates.Diffe-rent from the traditional data aggregation works,combining the MAB enables our algorithm a higher efficiency in data aggregation.With a theoretical analysis,we show that the efficiency of our algorithm is asymptotically optimal.Comparative experiments with previous works are also conducted to show the strength of our algorithm.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31971595,31760187)the Program for Leading Talents of Science and Technology(Grant No.2017HA013)+1 种基金the Yunnan Provincial Reserve Talents for Middle&Young Academic and Technical Leaders(2019HB026)the 111 Project.
文摘Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-based films containing Chinese bayberry tannin(BT)were prepared by cross-linking using glyoxal,glutaraldehyde and dialdehyde starch,individually.The presence of cross-linkers was evident to promote the transparency and decrease the moisture content of PVA/BT films,while the water solubility stayed almost unchanged in the cross-linked PVA/BTfilms.All cross-linkers provided promotion of the water vapor per-meability,mechanical property and thermal stability of PVA/BT films.The best water vapor barrier capacity was found in case of glutaraldehyde cross-linked PVA/BT film,while the highest tensile strength was encountered in case of glyoxal cross-linked PVA/BT films,compared with the uncross-linked films.The scavenging action of the films towards DPPH radical activity was influenced by the nature of each cross-linker.Namely,the PVA/AT film cross-linked by glutaraldehyde acquired the lowest radical scavenging activity in a certain time,suggesting that glutaraldehyde decreased the release rate of BT from PVA.Based on the experimental data,glutaraldehyde and dialdehyde starch could be more suitable for PVA/BT film preparation since they can promote the intermo-lecular interaction of PVA and BT to a reasonable extent.
文摘Peroxide-cured high-temperature vulcanized （HTV） silicone rubber was prepared by using allyl-capped carbosilane dendrimers, in which the core molecule is Si（CHaCH=CH2）4, as the cross-linker. It showed that this kind of allyl-capped carbosilane dendrimer improved the mechanical properties of silicone rubber.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)[grant numbers 62172377,61872205]the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation[grant number ZR2019MF018]the Startup Research Foundation for Distinguished Scholars No.202112016.
文摘The cloud platform has limited defense resources to fully protect the edge servers used to process crowd sensing data in Internet of Things.To guarantee the network's overall security,we present a network defense resource allocation with multi-armed bandits to maximize the network's overall benefit.Firstly,we propose the method for dynamic setting of node defense resource thresholds to obtain the defender(attacker)benefit function of edge servers(nodes)and distribution.Secondly,we design a defense resource sharing mechanism for neighboring nodes to obtain the defense capability of nodes.Subsequently,we use the decomposability and Lipschitz conti-nuity of the defender's total expected utility to reduce the difference between the utility's discrete and continuous arms and analyze the difference theoretically.Finally,experimental results show that the method maximizes the defender's total expected utility and reduces the difference between the discrete and continuous arms of the utility.
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YFH0090)。
文摘The nonradiative recombination of charge carriers at the hole transport layer(HTL)/perovskite interface generally induces remarkable performance loss of the inverted two-dimensional perovskite solar cells(2D PSCs).Herein,a cross-linkable small molecule of 2-mercaptoimidazole(2-MI)was introduced into the nickel oxide(NiO_(x))/2D perovskite interface.Experiments have confirmed the formation of Ni-N covalent bond by N atom in the 2-MI and Ni in the NiO_(x)and the coordinating between S atom of 2-MI and under-coordinated Pb^(2+)near to the NiO_(x)/perovskite interface,which contributes to creating a crosslinking between NiO_(x)/perovskite interface to restrain charge carrier recombination and enhance the extraction of hole carriers at the interface.Besides,the 2-MI modification layer is also beneficial for promoting the crystallinity of 2D perovskite.Consequently,the inverted 2D PSCs with 2-MI modification achieved the best power conversion efficiency of 15%.This paves a route to acquire highly efficient 2D PSCs by constructing a cross-linking at the NiO_(x)HTL/2D perovskite interface.
文摘The process of making decisions is something humans do inherently and routinely,to the extent that it appears commonplace. However,in order to achieve good overall performance,decisions must take into account both the outcomes of past decisions and opportunities of future ones. Reinforcement learning,which is fundamental to sequential decision-making,consists of the following components: 1 A set of decisions epochs; 2 A set of environment states; 3 A set of available actions to transition states; 4 State-action dependent immediate rewards for each action.At each decision,the environment state provides the decision maker with a set of available actions from which to choose. As a result of selecting a particular action in the state,the environment generates an immediate reward for the decision maker and shifts to a different state and decision. The ultimate goal for the decision maker is to maximize the total reward after a sequence of time steps.This paper will focus on an archetypal example of reinforcement learning,the stochastic multi-armed bandit problem. After introducing the dilemma,I will briefly cover the most common methods used to solve it,namely the UCB and εn- greedy algorithms. I will also introduce my own greedy implementation,the strict-greedy algorithm,which more tightly follows the greedy pattern in algorithm design,and show that it runs comparably to the two accepted algorithms.
文摘Artificial intelligence has permeated all aspects of our lives today. However, to make AI behave like real AI, the critical bottleneck lies in the speed of computing. Quantum computers employ the peculiar and unique properties of quantum states such as superposition, entanglement, and interference to process information in ways that classical computers cannot. As a new paradigm of computation, quantum computers are capable of performing tasks intractable for classical processors, thus providing a quantum leap in AI research and making the development of real AI a possibility. In this regard, quantum machine learning not only enhances the classical machine learning approach but more importantly it provides an avenue to explore new machine learning models that have no classical counterparts. The qubit-based quantum computers cannot naturally represent the continuous variables commonly used in machine learning, since the measurement outputs of qubit-based circuits are generally discrete. Therefore, a continuous-variable (CV) quantum architecture based on a photonic quantum computing model is selected for our study. In this work, we employ machine learning and optimization to create photonic quantum circuits that can solve the contextual multi-armed bandit problem, a problem in the domain of reinforcement learning, which demonstrates that quantum reinforcement learning algorithms can be learned by a quantum device.
文摘Polyaddition using isocyanate and polyol forms polyurethane elastomer (PUE). However, this method has rarely been applied to the construction of PUEs containing sucrose. Hence, the introduction of sucrose (disaccharide) as a cross-linker via polyaddition remains a challenging subject in polymer chemistry. Here, we report the synthesis of PUEs using an aromatic isocyanate (4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate), polyols including a polyether polyol (polytetramethylene glycol) and two polyester polyols (polycaprolactone and polycarbonate diols), and sucrose as a crosslinker by a one-shot method. The PUEs containing sucrose were successfully produced. The use of sucrose was essential to obtain the desired PUEs containing sucrose units in the main chain.
文摘AIM:To compare simultaneous corneal collagen cross-linking(CXL)with intracorneal ring segment(ICRS)implantation versus successive ICRS followed by CXL and detect the impact of the timing of CXL after ICRS implantation in the successive method.METHODS:This is a retrospective study of the records of three groups of patients.Group 1 of 28 patients were operated on with simultaneous ICRS implantation and CXL,group 2 of 32 patients had ICRS implantation followed by CXL after 1mo,and group 3 of 38 patients had ICRS implantation followed by CXL after 3mo.The three groups had follow-up visits after 6,12,and 24mo.RESULTS:The preoperative data,age,and gender differences among 3 groups revealed no significant differences.The postoperative spherical equivalent and best-corrected visual acuity were improved significantly in all groups compared to the baseline,which were more evident in groups 1 and 2.The differences between preoperative and postoperative mean values of mean of K readings(Km)and maximum K reading(Kmax)at 6mo were 4.66 and 4.1 D in group 1,4.43 and 4.64 D in group 2,but 3.2 and 3.4 D in group 3,respectively.The spherical aberrations and the vertical coma showed significant postoperative changes in all groups,and trefoil showed nonsignificant changes.CONCLUSION:Simultaneous and sequential ICRS implantation and CXL at 1mo has similar Km and Kmax better postoperative changes than when both surgeries were done at three-month intervals.
基金Supported by the Social Development Grant of Shaanxi Province(No.2022SF-404)the Science and Technology Program of Xi’an,China(No.23YXYJ0010,No.23YXYJ0037)+1 种基金the Research Project of Xi’an Health Commission(No.2024ms05)the Technology Innovation Supporting Program of Shaanxi(No.2024RS-CXTD-11).
文摘AIM:To investigate the response of the anterior and posterior corneal surface in femtosecond laser-assisted convex stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty(SLAK)combined with cross-linking(CXL)for treating keratoconus at the first 3mo of follow-up.METHODS:In this prospective observational study,20 eyes of 20 keratoconus patients who underwent SLAK combined with CXL were included.The morphological indices in keratometry and elevation data were recorded from the Sirius at baseline and 1 and 3mo postoperatively.The mean values of maximum keratometry(K_(max)),flat keratometry(K_(1)),and steep keratometry(K_(2))at the central,3-mm,5-mm,and 7-mm areas were measured from the curvature map.The changes in anterior and posterior corneal elevation under the best-fit sphere(BFS)radius at seven points horizontally of the center,3-mm,5-mm,and 7-mm area from the center at both nasal(N)and temporal(T)side were measured from elevation map.RESULTS:For the front corneal curvature,K_(1),and K_(2) at 3-mm,5-mm,and 7-mm of the anterior corneal surface increased significantly 1mo postoperatively(all P<0.05)and remained unchanged until 3mo(P>0.05).For the back corneal curvature,K_(1) and K_(2) along the 3-mm back meridian significantly decreased after month 1(P=0.002,0.077,respectively).Posterior K_(2)-readings along the 5-mm and 7-mm did not change after surgery(P>0.05).Anterior BFS decreased 1mo(P<0.001)postoperatively but remained unchanged until 3mo after SLAK(P>0.05).There was no change in posterior BFS before and after the surgery(P>0.05).Anterior elevation at N5,N3,central,and T5 points and posterior elevation at central and T7 points shifted backward 1mo postoperatively(all P<0.05)and remained stable until 3mo(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The myopic SLAK combined with CXL is an economical alternative for stabilizing the corneal surface in severe keraoconus.“Pseudoprogression”occurs in the early phase postoperatively,but it is not an indicator of keratoconus progression.
基金financial support from several corporate sponsors.Contributions were made by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32071332)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Project(Grant No.JCYJ20210324095802006)+2 种基金Ningbo Bureau of Science and Technology(Grant No.2023Z187)TransEasy Medical Tech.Co.,Ltd.(Grant No.2021114)Shenzhen University MedTech Innovation Fund(2023YG027).
文摘Aging is a persistent topic of interest,with skin aging as its most visible manifestation,characterized by a reduction in intact collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis.Hyaluronic acid,a vital component of the extracellular matrix present in the skin,has become a mainstream method for skin rejuvenation through injections.However,the rapid degradation of pure hyaluronic acid,combined with insufficient maintenance duration and often limited therapeutic effects,presents significant challenges for injectable treatments.Additionally,low patient compliance due to discomfort from needles penetrating the dermal layer further complicates its use.In this review,we summarize and compare existing interventions for skin aging,focusing on strategies to prolong the degradation cycle of hyaluronic acid,including variations in cross-linking modalities and injection techniques.We conclude that the injection of cross-linked modified hyaluronic acid via microneedles represents a promising approach to extend the degradation cycle,offering valuable insights for current therapeutic strategies.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 21878299]。
文摘Polymer binders possess significant potential in alleviating the volume expansion issues of silicon-based anodes,yet remain challenging due to insufficient interfacial interactions with individual components(Si,C,and Cu)of the anode.Herein,we report the synthesis of a stable three-dimensional network structure of the PAA-PEA(polyacrylic acid-polyether amines)polymer binder through intermolecular physicochemical dual cross-linking.By incorporating polar functional groups,the binder molecules not only form strong C-O-Si,N-Si,O=C-O-C,and O=C-O-Cu covalent bonds but also enhance non-covalent interactions with Si,C,and Cu,thereby improving adhesion between the binder and each interface of the anode.Furthermore,weak hydrogen bonds,acting as"sacrificial bonds",dissipate energy and disperse accumulated stress,improving the material flexibility.Due to the high mechanical stability of the framework,which combines both rigidity and flexibility and the coupling effect at the three interfaces,the movement and separation of electrode components are effectively restrained,significantly enhancing the cycling stability of silicon-graphite anodes.The PAA-PEA 2000 electrode exhibits a capacity retention of 78% after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g^(-1).This work provides insights into the mechanism of binders and guides the design of polymer binders for high-performance Si-based electrodes.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3804204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52127805,52102090,12172005,and 12325202)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Uni-versities(No.2232022D-04)the Innovation and Development Sup-port Plan for Key Industries in Southern Xinjiang(No.2022DB011).
文摘Nanomaterials are extensively utilized in a multitude of sectors,but their propensity to aggregate can considerably diminish the efficacy of functional materials.A pivotal challenge in this domain is achieving a homogenous distribution of nanomaterials,which is essential for enhancing their performance while also reducing production costs.In this work,we achieve uniform and stable dispersion of various nano-materials through the confinement effect generated by the stereocomplex cross-linked network formed by the combination of poly(L-lactic)acid and poly(D-lactic)acid.The unique confinement effect of poly-lactic acid(PLA)isomers is universal and significantly enhances the dispersion of nanomaterials in both PLA solutions and films.To demonstrate the efficacy of our approach,we disperse aggregation-induced emission(AIE)molecules within PLA,which leads to the production of PLA films exhibiting improved fluorescence property.This work provides an effective solution for the preparation of nanocomposite ma-terials that are both high-performing and cost-efficient.
基金financially supported by the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Nos.22375047,22378068,and 22075046)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2022J01568)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFB3804905 and 2022YFB3804900)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M743437)start-up funding from Wenzhou Institute,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.WIUCASQD2019002).
文摘Highly transparent,durable,and flexible liquid-repellent coatings are urgently needed in the realm of transparent materials,such as car windows,optical lenses,solar panels,and flexible screen materials.However,it has been difficult to strike a balance between the robustness and flexibility of coatings constructed by a single cross-linked network design.To overcome the conundrum,this innovative approach effectively combines two distinct cross-linked networks with unique functions,thus overcoming the challenge.Through a tightly interwoven structure comprised of added crosslinking sites,the coating achieves improved liquid repellency(WCA>100°,OSA<10°),increased durability(withstands 2,000 cycles of cotton wear),enhanced flexibility(endures 5,000 cycles of bending with a bending radius of 1 mm),and maintains high transparency(over 98%in the range of 410 nm to 760 nm).Additionally,the coating with remarkable adhesion can be applied to multiple substrates,enabling large-scale preparation and easy cycling coating,thus expanding its potential applications.The architecture of this fluoride-free dual cross-linked network not only advances liquid-repellent surfaces but also provides valuable insights for the development of eco-friendly materials in the future.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12372045)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.2023B1515120018)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,China(No.JCYJ20220818102207015).
文摘The increasing complexity of on-orbit tasks imposes great demands on the flexible operation of space robotic arms, prompting the development of space robots from single-arm manipulation to multi-arm collaboration. In this paper, a combined approach of Learning from Demonstration (LfD) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) is proposed for space multi-arm collaborative skill learning. The combination effectively resolves the trade-off between learning efficiency and feasible solution in LfD, as well as the time-consuming pursuit of the optimal solution in RL. With the prior knowledge of LfD, space robotic arms can achieve efficient guided learning in high-dimensional state-action space. Specifically, an LfD approach with Probabilistic Movement Primitives (ProMP) is firstly utilized to encode and reproduce the demonstration actions, generating a distribution as the initialization of policy. Then in the RL stage, a Relative Entropy Policy Search (REPS) algorithm modified in continuous state-action space is employed for further policy improvement. More importantly, the learned behaviors can maintain and reflect the characteristics of demonstrations. In addition, a series of supplementary policy search mechanisms are designed to accelerate the exploration process. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified both theoretically and experimentally. Moreover, comparisons with state-of-the-art methods have confirmed the outperformance of the approach.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFB3704700(2022YFB3704702))the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52473096)+1 种基金Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province (No. 2021CXGC010901)Taishan Scholar Program
文摘In this study,a novel cost-effective methodology was developed to enhance the gas barrier properties and permselectivity of unfilled natural rubber(NR)/polybutadiene rubber(BR)composites through the construction of a heterogeneous structure using pre-vulcanized powder rubber to replace traditional fillers.The matrix material is composed of a blend of NR and BR,which is widely used in tire manufacturing.By incorporating pre-vulcanized trans-1,4-poly(isoprene-co-butadiene)(TBIR)rubber powder(pVTPR)with different cross-linking densities and contents,significant improvements in the gas barrier properties and CO_(2)permselectivity of the NR/BR/pVTPR composites were observed.The results indicated that compared to NR/BR/TBIR composites prepared through direct blending of NR,BR,and TBIR,the NR/BR/pVTPR composites exhibited markedly superior gas barrier properties.Increasing the cross-linking density of pVTPR resulted in progressive enhancement of the gas barrier properties of the NR/BR/pVTPR composite.For example,the addition of 20 phr pVTPR with a cross-linking density of 346 mol/m^(3)resulted in a 79%improvement in the oxygen barrier property of NR/BR/pVTPR compared to NR/BR,achieving a value of 5.47×10^(-14)cm^(3)·cm·cm^(-2)·s^(-1)·Pa^(-1).Similarly,the nitrogen barrier property improved by 76%compared to NR/BR,reaching 2.4×10^(-14)cm^(3)·cm·cm^(-2)·s^(-1)·Pa^(-1),which is 28%higher than the conventional inner liner material brominated butyl rubber(BIIR,PN2=3.32×10^(-14)cm^(3)·cm·cm^(-2)·s^(-1)·Pa^(-1)).Owing to its low cost,exceptional gas barrier properties,superior adhesion to various tire components,and co-vulcanization capabilities,the NR/BR/pVTPR composite has emerged as a promising alternative to butyl rubber in the inner liner of tires.Furthermore,by fine-tuning the cross-linking density of pVTPR,the high-gas-barrier NR/BR/pVTPR composites also demonstrated remarkable CO_(2)permselectivity,with a CO_(2)/N2 selectivity of 61.4 and a CO_(2)/O_(2)selectivity of 26.12.This innovation provides a novel strategy for CO_(2)capture and separation,with potential applications in future environmental and industrial processes.The multifunctional NR/BR/pVTPR composite,with its superior gas barrier properties and CO_(2)permselectivity,is expected to contribute to the development of safer,greener,and more cost-effective transportation solutions.
