Testability plays an important role in improving the readiness and decreasing the lifecycle cost of equipment. Testability demonstration and evaluation is of significance in measuring such testability indexes as fault...Testability plays an important role in improving the readiness and decreasing the lifecycle cost of equipment. Testability demonstration and evaluation is of significance in measuring such testability indexes as fault detection rate（FDR） and fault isolation rate（FIR）, which is useful to the producer in mastering the testability level and improving the testability design, and helpful to the consumer in making purchase decisions. Aiming at the problems with a small sample of testability demonstration test data（TDTD） such as low evaluation confidence and inaccurate result, a testability evaluation method is proposed based on the prior information of multiple sources and Bayes theory. Firstly, the types of prior information are analyzed. The maximum entropy method is applied to the prior information with the mean and interval estimate forms on the testability index to obtain the parameters of prior probability density function（PDF）, and the empirical Bayesian method is used to get the parameters for the prior information with a success-fail form. Then, a parametrical data consistency check method is used to check the compatibility between all the sources of prior information and TDTD. For the prior information to pass the check, the prior credibility is calculated. A mixed prior distribution is formed based on the prior PDFs and the corresponding credibility. The Bayesian posterior distribution model is acquired with the mixed prior distribution and TDTD, based on which the point and interval estimates are calculated.Finally, examples of a flying control system are used to verify the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective.展开更多
For technical and other reasons there is a dilemma that data providers cannot find an appropriate way to redistribute spatial forest data and data users who need spatial data cannot access and integrate available fore...For technical and other reasons there is a dilemma that data providers cannot find an appropriate way to redistribute spatial forest data and data users who need spatial data cannot access and integrate available forest resources information. To overcome this dilemma, this paper proposed a spatial forest information system based on Web service using an open source software approach. With Web service based architecture, the system can enable interoperability, integrate Web services from other application servers, reuse codes, and shorten the development time and cost. At the same time, it is possible to extend the local system to a regional or national spatial forest information system. The growth of Open Source Software （OSS） provides an alternative choice to proprietary software for operating systems, web servers, Web-based GIS applications and database management systems. Using open source software to develop spatial forest information systems can greatly reduce the cost while providing high performance and sharing spatial forest information. We chose open source software to build a prototype system for Xixia County, Henan Province, China. By integrating OSS packages Deegree and UMN MapServer which are compliant to the OGC open specifications, the prototype system enables users to access spatial forest information and travelling information of Xixia County which come from two different data servers via a standard Web browser and promotes spatial forest information sharing.展开更多
The majority of academic researchers present the results of their scientific activity on the Web. This trace can be used to derive useful information of their past, present activity and forecast the future intentions....The majority of academic researchers present the results of their scientific activity on the Web. This trace can be used to derive useful information of their past, present activity and forecast the future intentions. Hence, social network of academic researchers can be of important value for scientific community. This information can be retrieved from various data source currently available on the Web. From each of them a separate net-work can be built. In this paper we present a method which can be used to combine multiple single-relational networks into a single network which will combine all relations, hence it will be multi-relational.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to extract red tide information in Haizhou Bay on the basis of multi-source remote sensing data.[Method] Red tide in Haizhou Bay was studied based on multi-source remote sensing data,such as IR...[Objective] The aim was to extract red tide information in Haizhou Bay on the basis of multi-source remote sensing data.[Method] Red tide in Haizhou Bay was studied based on multi-source remote sensing data,such as IRS-P6 data on October 8,2005,Landsat 5-TM data on May 20,2006,MODIS 1B data on October 6,2006 and HY-1B second-grade data on April 22,2009,which were firstly preprocessed through geometric correction,atmospheric correction,image resizing and so on.At the same time,the synchronous environment monitoring data of red tide water were acquired.Then,band ratio method,chlorophyll-a concentration method and secondary filtering method were adopted to extract red tide information.[Result] On October 8,2005,the area of red tide was about 20.0 km2 in Haizhou Bay.There was no red tide in Haizhou bay on May 20,2006.On October 6,2006,large areas of red tide occurred in Haizhou bay,with area of 436.5 km2.On April 22,2009,red tide scattered in Haizhou bay,and its area was about 10.8 km2.[Conclusion] The research would provide technical ideas for the environmental monitoring department of Lianyungang to implement red tide forecast and warning effectively.展开更多
0 INTRODUCTION The lunar surface lacks an atmosphere and is continuously subjected to a combination of space weathering factors such as cosmic rays,solar wind,and micrometeorite impacts,forming a several-meter-thick l...0 INTRODUCTION The lunar surface lacks an atmosphere and is continuously subjected to a combination of space weathering factors such as cosmic rays,solar wind,and micrometeorite impacts,forming a several-meter-thick lunar regolith(Sorokin et al.,2020).展开更多
With the analysis of the element geochemistry characteristics, the ancient lake infor- mation evolution history of the argillaceous source rocks in Lucaogou 0~/~＇~） Formation in San- gonghe area is reconstructed. A...With the analysis of the element geochemistry characteristics, the ancient lake infor- mation evolution history of the argillaceous source rocks in Lucaogou 0~/~＇~） Formation in San- gonghe area is reconstructed. According to the ancient lake information and total organic matter （TOC） characteristics of argillaceous source rocks, the study section is divided into 6 Subsec- tions. Subsection I mainly developed low-quality source rocks. This is because of the arid climate, high salinity, low lake productivity, unstable preservation conditions in this Subsection. Subsection II mainly developed high-quality source rocks. This is because of the humid climate, low salinity, high lake productivity, stable preservation conditions in this Subsection. Though the paleoclimate was humid and preservation conditions were stable. Lake productivity and the water salinity changed frequently. So Subsection III mainly developed medium-quality source rocks. Because of the humid climate, high lake productivity, medium sedimentary rate and stable preservation conditions, high-quality source rocks were developed in Subsection IV. The preservation conditions were stable, but other ancient lake information changed frequently. Therefore, the quality of the formed source rocks in Subsection V was different. Subsection VI mainly developed high-quality source rocks be- cause of the humid climate, medium sedimentary rate, high lake productivity, low salinity and good preservation conditions. In summary, the ancient lake information parameters and TOC characteris- tics of each Subsection are different from each other.展开更多
Open source intelligence is one of the most important public data sources for strategic information analysis. One of the primary and core issues of strategic information research is information perception,so this pape...Open source intelligence is one of the most important public data sources for strategic information analysis. One of the primary and core issues of strategic information research is information perception,so this paper mainly expounds the perception method for strategic information perception in the open source intelligence environment as well as the framework and basic process of information perception. This paper argues that in order to match the information perception result with the information depiction result,it conducts practical exploration for the results of information acquisition,perception,depiction and analysis. This paper introduces and develops a monitoring platform for information perception. The results show that the method proposed in this paper is feasible.展开更多
The multi-sensors fusion refers to the synergistic combination of sensory data from multiple sensors to provide more accurate and reliable information. The potential benefits of the Fusion are multi-sensors’ redundan...The multi-sensors fusion refers to the synergistic combination of sensory data from multiple sensors to provide more accurate and reliable information. The potential benefits of the Fusion are multi-sensors’ redundancy and extra information acquired. The fusion of redundant information can reduce the overall uncertainty and thus helps to provide information specified more precisely. Several sensors providing redundant information can also be used to increase reliability in the case of error, omission or failure of sensors. The combination operators are exponential and are more complex in terms of calculation;the Dempster-Shafer operator is exponential for more than three (3) information sources?[1] [2]. Our work focuses on the definition of another formulation of this operation, and puts it in a matrix form to illuminate the computational complexity, more precision guaranty and a minimal execution time. We propose to use each information source in a form of a matrix, which contains 0 value in lines that do not contain the masses (m(Ai) = 0) or once m(Ai) is not null (m(Ai) ≠ 0). The use of this expressed matrix attempts to ameliorate Dempster-Shafer operator via initialing either a criterion or criteria sources’ solution, increasing the efficiency of the Dempster-Shafer operator and facilitates the combination among the sources. We evaluate our approach by conducting a case study for showing the effectiveness of this matrix.展开更多
The dissemination of information across various locations is an ubiquitous occurrence,however,prevalent methodologies for multi-source identification frequently overlook the fact that sources may initiate disseminatio...The dissemination of information across various locations is an ubiquitous occurrence,however,prevalent methodologies for multi-source identification frequently overlook the fact that sources may initiate dissemination at distinct initial moments.Although there are many research results of multi-source identification,the challenge of locating sources with varying initiation times using a limited subset of observational nodes remains unresolved.In this study,we provide the backward spread tree theorem and source centrality theorem,and develop a backward spread centrality algorithm to identify all the information sources that trigger the spread at different start times.The proposed algorithm does not require prior knowledge of the number of sources,however,it can estimate both the initial spread moment and the spread duration.The core concept of this algorithm involves inferring suspected sources through source centrality theorem and locating the source from the suspected sources with linear programming.Extensive experiments from synthetic and real network simulation corroborate the superiority of our method in terms of both efficacy and efficiency.Furthermore,we find that our method maintains robustness irrespective of the number of sources and the average degree of network.Compared with classical and state-of-the art source identification methods,our method generally improves the AUROC value by 0.1 to 0.2.展开更多
The current study was conducted to probe farmers’ accessible agricultural information sources in rural areas of Pakistan. For this purpose a random sample of 160 households from four districts of the Punjab province ...The current study was conducted to probe farmers’ accessible agricultural information sources in rural areas of Pakistan. For this purpose a random sample of 160 households from four districts of the Punjab province of Pakistan was selected. Data were collected using validated and expert reviewed questionnaire with the help of interview method. The results revealed that majority of farmers (47.5%) ranked neighbor-friends-relatives as first source of information while 31.9% of farmers ranked this source as second and 33.7% farmers’ ranked it as third major source. With contrast to this very less farmers (10%) ranked agricultural extension staff as first information source. Keeping in view the study results, the performance of extension staff is not encouraging;therefore government should plan and launch a policy to foster performance of public agricultural extension system to fulfill the advanced technological needs of farmers to flourish sustainable agriculture and rural development.展开更多
Background: Despite an abundance of information regarding menopausal women in western society, African menopausal women have been overlooked in menopausal research, particularly, where they find information regarding ...Background: Despite an abundance of information regarding menopausal women in western society, African menopausal women have been overlooked in menopausal research, particularly, where they find information regarding menopause. Since inadequate health-related knowledge on menopause negatively affects the understanding of and coping with menopause and related symptoms, it is important to determine where women in Africa obtain their information about menopause. Aim: To conduct a systematic review to identify and analyse information sources consulted by menopausal women in the African region regarding the management of menopausal symptoms. Method: PubMed, Embase (OVID), Google Scholar, Medline (OVID), Medline in Process (OVID), Scopus, https://www.africabib.org/, African Index Medicus;http://indexmedicus.afro.who. int/,and African Journals Online (AJOL) were searched for publications from January 2000 to April 2017. Fourteen studies met the eligibility criteria. Twelve were quantitative while two were qualitative. Studies were independently appraised by two researchers using checklists from the Centre for Evidence-Based Management. Results: Meta-analysis explored the prevalence of different information sources reported with friends being the highest (44%, 95% CI: [0.35, 0.54]) followed by relatives (35%, 95% CI: [0.22, 0.50]) with medical providers being sources of information for only 30% of participants (95% CI: [0.15, 0.50]). Conclusion: Information regarding menopause among African women emanated primarily from friends and relatives, suggesting that women perceive menopause as a natural process whereby information is the best gleaned from informal sources. However, health care should aim to increase public awareness of menopause education and strengthen efforts to provide accurate, timely and helpful information for women and their friends and families.展开更多
It may be difcult for existing methods to make full use of the correlation and complementarity of various kinds of information when processing multi-source information.In order to accurately perceive the security situ...It may be difcult for existing methods to make full use of the correlation and complementarity of various kinds of information when processing multi-source information.In order to accurately perceive the security situation of distribution automation and ensure the safe and stable operation of distribution network,the multi-source information fusion distribution automation security situation awareness technology based on risk transmission path is studied.Based on the risk transmission path,the distribution automation security situational awareness factors are analyzed,and the main factors afecting the distribution automation security situation are divided into two dimensions:internal source and external source,and eight main awareness factors;Diferent types of sensors are set in the main areas of security situational awareness factors to collect data of diferent awareness factors.Using ant colony algorithm to optimize DS evidence fusion method,data with diferent perception factors are fused,and data fusion results with diferent perception factors are obtained.The distribution automation security situational awareness model is constructed,and the security situational awareness results are obtained based on the data fusion results of the awareness factors.If the results are higher than the set threshold,the abnormal signal can be output to determine the area where the distribution automation abnormal equipment is located.The experimental results show that the multi-source data fusion efect of this method is good,and it can accurately perceive the security status of diferent nodes of the experimental object at diferent time nodes.展开更多
This paper discusses an accurate distributed algorithm for diffusive source localization while maintaining the low energy consumption of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks. In this algorithm, the sensor selectio...This paper discusses an accurate distributed algorithm for diffusive source localization while maintaining the low energy consumption of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks. In this algorithm, the sensor selection scheme based on the information utility measure is used. To update the estimation in each selected node, a neighborhood radius equal to the communication range of the sensor nodes is defined and all sensors located in the neighborhood circle, whose radius is equal to the neighborhood radius and the selected node is its centre, collaborate their information. To decrease the energy consumption, the neighborhood radius is reduced gradually based on the error covariance value of the estimation. In addition, this paper includes a new method for the initial point calculation which is important in the recursive methods used for distributed algorithms in wireless sensor networks. Numerical examples are used to study the performance of the algorithms. Simulation results show the accuracy of the new algorithm becomes better while its energy consumption is low enough.展开更多
How to deal with the imprecise information retrieval has become more and more important in the present information society. An efficient and effective method of information retrieval based on multi tuple rough set is...How to deal with the imprecise information retrieval has become more and more important in the present information society. An efficient and effective method of information retrieval based on multi tuple rough set is discussed in this paper. The new approach is considered as a generalization of the original rough set model for flexible information retrieval. The imprecise query results can be obtained by multi tuple approximations.展开更多
Complex product development will inevitably face the design planning of the multi-coupled activities, and overlapping these activities could potentially reduce product development time, but there is a risk of the addi...Complex product development will inevitably face the design planning of the multi-coupled activities, and overlapping these activities could potentially reduce product development time, but there is a risk of the additional cost. Although the downstream task information dependence to the upstream task is already considered in the current researches, but the design process overall iteration caused by the information interdependence between activities is hardly discussed; especially the impact on the design process＇ overall iteration from the valid information accumulation process. Secondly, most studies only focus on the single overlapping process of two activities, rarely take multi-segment and multi-ply overlapping process of multi coupled activities into account; especially the inherent link between product development time and cost which originates from the overlapping process of multi coupled activities. For the purpose of solving the above problems, as to the insufficiency of the accumulated valid information in overlapping process, the function of the valid information evolution （VIE） degree is constructed. Stochastic process theory is used to describe the design information exchange and the valid information accumulation in the overlapping segment, and then the planning models of the single overlapping segment are built. On these bases, by analyzing overlapping processes and overlapping features of multi-coupling activities, multi-segment and multi-ply overlapping planning models are built; by sorting overlapping processes and analyzing the construction of these planning models, two conclusions are obtained： （1） As to multi-segment and multi-ply overlapping of multi coupled activities, the total decrement of the task set development time is the sum of the time decrement caused by basic overlapping segments, and minus the sum of the time increment caused by multiple overlapping segments; （2） the total increment of development cost is the sum of the cost increment caused by all overlapping process. And then, based on overlapping degree analysis of these planning models, by the V1E degree function, the four lemmas theory proofs are represented, and two propositions are finally proved： （1） The multi-ply overlapping of the multi coupled activities will weaken the basic overlapping effect on the development cycle time reduction （2） Overlapping the multi coupled activities will decrease product development cycle, but increase product development cost. And there is trade-off between development time and cost. And so, two methods are given to slacken and eliminate multi-ply overlapping effects. At last, an example about a vehicle upper subsystem design illustrates the application of the proposed models; compared with a sequential execution pattern, the decreasing of development cycle （22%） and the increasing of development cost （3%） show the validity of the method in the example The proposed research not only lays a theoretical foundation for correctly planning complex product development process, but also provides specific and effective operation methods for overlapping multi coupled activities.展开更多
The Digital Elevation Model(DEM)data of debris flow prevention engineering are the boundary of a debris flow prevention simulation,which provides accurate and reliable DEM data and is a key consideration in debris flo...The Digital Elevation Model(DEM)data of debris flow prevention engineering are the boundary of a debris flow prevention simulation,which provides accurate and reliable DEM data and is a key consideration in debris flow prevention simulations.Thus,this paper proposes a multi-source data fusion method.First,we constructed 3D models of debris flow prevention using virtual reality technology according to the relevant specifications.The 3D spatial data generated by 3D modeling were converted into DEM data for debris flow prevention engineering.Then,the accuracy and applicability of the DEM data were verified by the error analysis testing and fusion testing of the debris flow prevention simulation.Finally,we propose the Levels of Detail algorithm based on the quadtree structure to realize the visualization of a large-scale disaster prevention scene.The test results reveal that the data fusion method controlled the error rate of the DEM data of the debris flow prevention engineering within an allowable range and generated 3D volume data(obj format)to compensate for the deficiency of the DEM data whereby the 3D internal entity space is not expressed.Additionally,the levels of detailed method can dispatch the data of a large-scale debris flow hazard scene in real time to ensure a realistic 3D visualization.In summary,the proposed methods can be applied to the planning of debris flow prevention engineering and to the simulation of the debris flow prevention process.展开更多
A multi-isotope approach and mixing model were combined to identify spatial and seasonal variations of sources,and their proportional contribution to nitrate in the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan region.The results ...A multi-isotope approach and mixing model were combined to identify spatial and seasonal variations of sources,and their proportional contribution to nitrate in the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan region.The results showed that the NO3- concentration was significantly higher in the Hutuo River valley plain(178.7 mg/L) region than that in the upper and central pluvial fans of the Hutuo River(82.1 mg/L and 71.0 mg/L,respectively)and in the river(17.0 mg/L).Different land use types had no significant effect on the groundwater nitrate concentration.Based on a multi-isotope approach,we confirmed that the main sources of groundwater nitrate in different land use areas were domestic sewage and manure,followed by soil nitrogen,ammonia fertilizer,nitrate fertilizer and rainwater,and there were no significant spatial or seasonal variations.Combining δ^15N-NO3,δ^18O-NO3- and δ^37Cl results can increase the accuracy of traceability.Nitrification could be the most important nitrogen migration and transformation process,and denitrification did not significantly affected the isotopic composition of the nitrate.The SIAR model outputs revealed that the main nitrate pollution sources in groundwater and river water were domestic sewage and manure,accounting for 55.9%-61.0% and 22.6%(dry season),50.3%-60.4% and 34.1%(transition season),42.7%-47.6% and 35.6%(wet season 2016) and 45.9%-46.7% and 38.4%(wet season 2017),respectively.This work suggests that the random discharge and disposal of domestic sewage and manure should be the first target for control in order to prevent further nitrate contamination of the water environment.展开更多
Background: For nursing students, gathering social information is essential for understanding healthcare and social issues and developing critical thinking and decision-making skills. However, the choice of informatio...Background: For nursing students, gathering social information is essential for understanding healthcare and social issues and developing critical thinking and decision-making skills. However, the choice of information sources varies by age and individual habits. With the widespread use of the internet, there are notable differences between younger and older generations in their reliance on the internet versus traditional media sources like newspapers and television. Given the wide age range and diverse backgrounds of nursing students, understanding generational differences in information-gathering methods is important for implementing effective education. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify how nursing students in different age groups obtain social information and to examine media usage trends by age group. Additionally, we aim to use the findings to provide insights into effective information dissemination methods in nursing education. Results: The results showed that nursing students in their teens to forties, regardless of gender, primarily relied on the internet as their main information source, with television playing a secondary role. In contrast, students in their fifties tended to obtain information more often from newspapers and television than from the internet. This highlights an age-related difference in preferred information sources, with older students showing a greater reliance on traditional media. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that nursing students use different information-gathering methods based on their age, suggesting a need to custo-mize information dissemination strategies in nursing education. Digital media may be more effective for younger students, while traditional media or printed materials might better serve older students. Educational institutions should consider these generational differences in media usage and adopt strategies that meet the diverse needs of their student populations.展开更多
Correct identification of water inrush sources is particularly important to prevent and control mine water disasters.Hydrochemical analysis,Fisher discriminant analysis,and geothermal verification analysis were used t...Correct identification of water inrush sources is particularly important to prevent and control mine water disasters.Hydrochemical analysis,Fisher discriminant analysis,and geothermal verification analysis were used to identify and verify the water sources of the multi-aquifer groundwater system in Gubei coal mine,Anhui Province,North China.Results show that hydrochemical water types of the Cenozoic top aquifer included HCO3-Na+K-Ca,HCO3-Na+K-Mg and HCO3-Na+K,and this aquifer was easily distinguishable from other aquifers because of its low concentration of Na++K+and Cl-.The Cenozoic middle and bottom aquifers,the Permian fissure aquifer,and the Taiyuan and Ordovician limestone aquifers were mainly characterized by the Cl-Na+K and SO4-Cl-Na+K or HCO3-Cl-Na+K water types,and their hydrogeochemistries were similar.Therefore,water sources could not be identified via hydrochemical analysis.Fisher model was established based on the hydrogeochemical characteristics,and its discrimination rate was 89.19%.Fisher discrimination results were improved by combining them with the geothermal analysis results,and this combination increased the identification rate to 97.3%and reasonably explained the reasons behind two water samples misjudgments.The methods described herein are also applicable to other mines with similar geological and hydrogeological conditions in North China.展开更多
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51105369)Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Foundation(No.SAST201313)
文摘Testability plays an important role in improving the readiness and decreasing the lifecycle cost of equipment. Testability demonstration and evaluation is of significance in measuring such testability indexes as fault detection rate（FDR） and fault isolation rate（FIR）, which is useful to the producer in mastering the testability level and improving the testability design, and helpful to the consumer in making purchase decisions. Aiming at the problems with a small sample of testability demonstration test data（TDTD） such as low evaluation confidence and inaccurate result, a testability evaluation method is proposed based on the prior information of multiple sources and Bayes theory. Firstly, the types of prior information are analyzed. The maximum entropy method is applied to the prior information with the mean and interval estimate forms on the testability index to obtain the parameters of prior probability density function（PDF）, and the empirical Bayesian method is used to get the parameters for the prior information with a success-fail form. Then, a parametrical data consistency check method is used to check the compatibility between all the sources of prior information and TDTD. For the prior information to pass the check, the prior credibility is calculated. A mixed prior distribution is formed based on the prior PDFs and the corresponding credibility. The Bayesian posterior distribution model is acquired with the mixed prior distribution and TDTD, based on which the point and interval estimates are calculated.Finally, examples of a flying control system are used to verify the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective.
基金the National 863 program (2003AA131020-06)the programme Young scientists from extra-European countries to Lower Saxony.
文摘For technical and other reasons there is a dilemma that data providers cannot find an appropriate way to redistribute spatial forest data and data users who need spatial data cannot access and integrate available forest resources information. To overcome this dilemma, this paper proposed a spatial forest information system based on Web service using an open source software approach. With Web service based architecture, the system can enable interoperability, integrate Web services from other application servers, reuse codes, and shorten the development time and cost. At the same time, it is possible to extend the local system to a regional or national spatial forest information system. The growth of Open Source Software （OSS） provides an alternative choice to proprietary software for operating systems, web servers, Web-based GIS applications and database management systems. Using open source software to develop spatial forest information systems can greatly reduce the cost while providing high performance and sharing spatial forest information. We chose open source software to build a prototype system for Xixia County, Henan Province, China. By integrating OSS packages Deegree and UMN MapServer which are compliant to the OGC open specifications, the prototype system enables users to access spatial forest information and travelling information of Xixia County which come from two different data servers via a standard Web browser and promotes spatial forest information sharing.
文摘The majority of academic researchers present the results of their scientific activity on the Web. This trace can be used to derive useful information of their past, present activity and forecast the future intentions. Hence, social network of academic researchers can be of important value for scientific community. This information can be retrieved from various data source currently available on the Web. From each of them a separate net-work can be built. In this paper we present a method which can be used to combine multiple single-relational networks into a single network which will combine all relations, hence it will be multi-relational.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Lianyungang City(SH0917)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to extract red tide information in Haizhou Bay on the basis of multi-source remote sensing data.[Method] Red tide in Haizhou Bay was studied based on multi-source remote sensing data,such as IRS-P6 data on October 8,2005,Landsat 5-TM data on May 20,2006,MODIS 1B data on October 6,2006 and HY-1B second-grade data on April 22,2009,which were firstly preprocessed through geometric correction,atmospheric correction,image resizing and so on.At the same time,the synchronous environment monitoring data of red tide water were acquired.Then,band ratio method,chlorophyll-a concentration method and secondary filtering method were adopted to extract red tide information.[Result] On October 8,2005,the area of red tide was about 20.0 km2 in Haizhou Bay.There was no red tide in Haizhou bay on May 20,2006.On October 6,2006,large areas of red tide occurred in Haizhou bay,with area of 436.5 km2.On April 22,2009,red tide scattered in Haizhou bay,and its area was about 10.8 km2.[Conclusion] The research would provide technical ideas for the environmental monitoring department of Lianyungang to implement red tide forecast and warning effectively.
基金supported by the National Major Scientific and Technological Infrastructure Project“Space Environment Simulation and Research Infrastructure”financially supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52275241)the Fund for National Key Laboratory of Space Environment and Matter Behaviors(No.2023059)。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION The lunar surface lacks an atmosphere and is continuously subjected to a combination of space weathering factors such as cosmic rays,solar wind,and micrometeorite impacts,forming a several-meter-thick lunar regolith(Sorokin et al.,2020).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.40972076 and 41302075)National Technical Key Special Project of China(No.2008ZX05018-001-004)
文摘With the analysis of the element geochemistry characteristics, the ancient lake infor- mation evolution history of the argillaceous source rocks in Lucaogou 0~/~＇~） Formation in San- gonghe area is reconstructed. According to the ancient lake information and total organic matter （TOC） characteristics of argillaceous source rocks, the study section is divided into 6 Subsec- tions. Subsection I mainly developed low-quality source rocks. This is because of the arid climate, high salinity, low lake productivity, unstable preservation conditions in this Subsection. Subsection II mainly developed high-quality source rocks. This is because of the humid climate, low salinity, high lake productivity, stable preservation conditions in this Subsection. Though the paleoclimate was humid and preservation conditions were stable. Lake productivity and the water salinity changed frequently. So Subsection III mainly developed medium-quality source rocks. Because of the humid climate, high lake productivity, medium sedimentary rate and stable preservation conditions, high-quality source rocks were developed in Subsection IV. The preservation conditions were stable, but other ancient lake information changed frequently. Therefore, the quality of the formed source rocks in Subsection V was different. Subsection VI mainly developed high-quality source rocks be- cause of the humid climate, medium sedimentary rate, high lake productivity, low salinity and good preservation conditions. In summary, the ancient lake information parameters and TOC characteris- tics of each Subsection are different from each other.
基金Supported by the National Social Science Fund Project(No.18BTQ054)
文摘Open source intelligence is one of the most important public data sources for strategic information analysis. One of the primary and core issues of strategic information research is information perception,so this paper mainly expounds the perception method for strategic information perception in the open source intelligence environment as well as the framework and basic process of information perception. This paper argues that in order to match the information perception result with the information depiction result,it conducts practical exploration for the results of information acquisition,perception,depiction and analysis. This paper introduces and develops a monitoring platform for information perception. The results show that the method proposed in this paper is feasible.
文摘The multi-sensors fusion refers to the synergistic combination of sensory data from multiple sensors to provide more accurate and reliable information. The potential benefits of the Fusion are multi-sensors’ redundancy and extra information acquired. The fusion of redundant information can reduce the overall uncertainty and thus helps to provide information specified more precisely. Several sensors providing redundant information can also be used to increase reliability in the case of error, omission or failure of sensors. The combination operators are exponential and are more complex in terms of calculation;the Dempster-Shafer operator is exponential for more than three (3) information sources?[1] [2]. Our work focuses on the definition of another formulation of this operation, and puts it in a matrix form to illuminate the computational complexity, more precision guaranty and a minimal execution time. We propose to use each information source in a form of a matrix, which contains 0 value in lines that do not contain the masses (m(Ai) = 0) or once m(Ai) is not null (m(Ai) ≠ 0). The use of this expressed matrix attempts to ameliorate Dempster-Shafer operator via initialing either a criterion or criteria sources’ solution, increasing the efficiency of the Dempster-Shafer operator and facilitates the combination among the sources. We evaluate our approach by conducting a case study for showing the effectiveness of this matrix.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62103375,62006106,61877055,and 62171413)the Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Zhejinag Province,China(Grant No.22NDJC009Z)+1 种基金the Education Ministry Humanities and Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.19YJCZH056)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant Nos.LY23F030003,LY22F030006,and LQ21F020005).
文摘The dissemination of information across various locations is an ubiquitous occurrence,however,prevalent methodologies for multi-source identification frequently overlook the fact that sources may initiate dissemination at distinct initial moments.Although there are many research results of multi-source identification,the challenge of locating sources with varying initiation times using a limited subset of observational nodes remains unresolved.In this study,we provide the backward spread tree theorem and source centrality theorem,and develop a backward spread centrality algorithm to identify all the information sources that trigger the spread at different start times.The proposed algorithm does not require prior knowledge of the number of sources,however,it can estimate both the initial spread moment and the spread duration.The core concept of this algorithm involves inferring suspected sources through source centrality theorem and locating the source from the suspected sources with linear programming.Extensive experiments from synthetic and real network simulation corroborate the superiority of our method in terms of both efficacy and efficiency.Furthermore,we find that our method maintains robustness irrespective of the number of sources and the average degree of network.Compared with classical and state-of-the art source identification methods,our method generally improves the AUROC value by 0.1 to 0.2.
文摘The current study was conducted to probe farmers’ accessible agricultural information sources in rural areas of Pakistan. For this purpose a random sample of 160 households from four districts of the Punjab province of Pakistan was selected. Data were collected using validated and expert reviewed questionnaire with the help of interview method. The results revealed that majority of farmers (47.5%) ranked neighbor-friends-relatives as first source of information while 31.9% of farmers ranked this source as second and 33.7% farmers’ ranked it as third major source. With contrast to this very less farmers (10%) ranked agricultural extension staff as first information source. Keeping in view the study results, the performance of extension staff is not encouraging;therefore government should plan and launch a policy to foster performance of public agricultural extension system to fulfill the advanced technological needs of farmers to flourish sustainable agriculture and rural development.
文摘Background: Despite an abundance of information regarding menopausal women in western society, African menopausal women have been overlooked in menopausal research, particularly, where they find information regarding menopause. Since inadequate health-related knowledge on menopause negatively affects the understanding of and coping with menopause and related symptoms, it is important to determine where women in Africa obtain their information about menopause. Aim: To conduct a systematic review to identify and analyse information sources consulted by menopausal women in the African region regarding the management of menopausal symptoms. Method: PubMed, Embase (OVID), Google Scholar, Medline (OVID), Medline in Process (OVID), Scopus, https://www.africabib.org/, African Index Medicus;http://indexmedicus.afro.who. int/,and African Journals Online (AJOL) were searched for publications from January 2000 to April 2017. Fourteen studies met the eligibility criteria. Twelve were quantitative while two were qualitative. Studies were independently appraised by two researchers using checklists from the Centre for Evidence-Based Management. Results: Meta-analysis explored the prevalence of different information sources reported with friends being the highest (44%, 95% CI: [0.35, 0.54]) followed by relatives (35%, 95% CI: [0.22, 0.50]) with medical providers being sources of information for only 30% of participants (95% CI: [0.15, 0.50]). Conclusion: Information regarding menopause among African women emanated primarily from friends and relatives, suggesting that women perceive menopause as a natural process whereby information is the best gleaned from informal sources. However, health care should aim to increase public awareness of menopause education and strengthen efforts to provide accurate, timely and helpful information for women and their friends and families.
基金supported by Innovation and innovation project of State Grid Qinghai Electric Power Company"Development and application of the Reactive Power Compensation Intelligent Control Device based on Automatic Synchronous Control"(No.B7280723E028).
文摘It may be difcult for existing methods to make full use of the correlation and complementarity of various kinds of information when processing multi-source information.In order to accurately perceive the security situation of distribution automation and ensure the safe and stable operation of distribution network,the multi-source information fusion distribution automation security situation awareness technology based on risk transmission path is studied.Based on the risk transmission path,the distribution automation security situational awareness factors are analyzed,and the main factors afecting the distribution automation security situation are divided into two dimensions:internal source and external source,and eight main awareness factors;Diferent types of sensors are set in the main areas of security situational awareness factors to collect data of diferent awareness factors.Using ant colony algorithm to optimize DS evidence fusion method,data with diferent perception factors are fused,and data fusion results with diferent perception factors are obtained.The distribution automation security situational awareness model is constructed,and the security situational awareness results are obtained based on the data fusion results of the awareness factors.If the results are higher than the set threshold,the abnormal signal can be output to determine the area where the distribution automation abnormal equipment is located.The experimental results show that the multi-source data fusion efect of this method is good,and it can accurately perceive the security status of diferent nodes of the experimental object at diferent time nodes.
文摘This paper discusses an accurate distributed algorithm for diffusive source localization while maintaining the low energy consumption of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks. In this algorithm, the sensor selection scheme based on the information utility measure is used. To update the estimation in each selected node, a neighborhood radius equal to the communication range of the sensor nodes is defined and all sensors located in the neighborhood circle, whose radius is equal to the neighborhood radius and the selected node is its centre, collaborate their information. To decrease the energy consumption, the neighborhood radius is reduced gradually based on the error covariance value of the estimation. In addition, this paper includes a new method for the initial point calculation which is important in the recursive methods used for distributed algorithms in wireless sensor networks. Numerical examples are used to study the performance of the algorithms. Simulation results show the accuracy of the new algorithm becomes better while its energy consumption is low enough.
文摘How to deal with the imprecise information retrieval has become more and more important in the present information society. An efficient and effective method of information retrieval based on multi tuple rough set is discussed in this paper. The new approach is considered as a generalization of the original rough set model for flexible information retrieval. The imprecise query results can be obtained by multi tuple approximations.
基金sponsored by Jiangsu Provincial Colleges and Universities Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.08KJD410001)Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Fund of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 12YJAZH151)Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Fund of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 12YJCZH209)
文摘Complex product development will inevitably face the design planning of the multi-coupled activities, and overlapping these activities could potentially reduce product development time, but there is a risk of the additional cost. Although the downstream task information dependence to the upstream task is already considered in the current researches, but the design process overall iteration caused by the information interdependence between activities is hardly discussed; especially the impact on the design process＇ overall iteration from the valid information accumulation process. Secondly, most studies only focus on the single overlapping process of two activities, rarely take multi-segment and multi-ply overlapping process of multi coupled activities into account; especially the inherent link between product development time and cost which originates from the overlapping process of multi coupled activities. For the purpose of solving the above problems, as to the insufficiency of the accumulated valid information in overlapping process, the function of the valid information evolution （VIE） degree is constructed. Stochastic process theory is used to describe the design information exchange and the valid information accumulation in the overlapping segment, and then the planning models of the single overlapping segment are built. On these bases, by analyzing overlapping processes and overlapping features of multi-coupling activities, multi-segment and multi-ply overlapping planning models are built; by sorting overlapping processes and analyzing the construction of these planning models, two conclusions are obtained： （1） As to multi-segment and multi-ply overlapping of multi coupled activities, the total decrement of the task set development time is the sum of the time decrement caused by basic overlapping segments, and minus the sum of the time increment caused by multiple overlapping segments; （2） the total increment of development cost is the sum of the cost increment caused by all overlapping process. And then, based on overlapping degree analysis of these planning models, by the V1E degree function, the four lemmas theory proofs are represented, and two propositions are finally proved： （1） The multi-ply overlapping of the multi coupled activities will weaken the basic overlapping effect on the development cycle time reduction （2） Overlapping the multi coupled activities will decrease product development cycle, but increase product development cost. And there is trade-off between development time and cost. And so, two methods are given to slacken and eliminate multi-ply overlapping effects. At last, an example about a vehicle upper subsystem design illustrates the application of the proposed models; compared with a sequential execution pattern, the decreasing of development cycle （22%） and the increasing of development cost （3%） show the validity of the method in the example The proposed research not only lays a theoretical foundation for correctly planning complex product development process, but also provides specific and effective operation methods for overlapping multi coupled activities.
基金support provided by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.41771419)Student Research Training Program of Southwest Jiaotong University(No.191510,No.182117)。
文摘The Digital Elevation Model(DEM)data of debris flow prevention engineering are the boundary of a debris flow prevention simulation,which provides accurate and reliable DEM data and is a key consideration in debris flow prevention simulations.Thus,this paper proposes a multi-source data fusion method.First,we constructed 3D models of debris flow prevention using virtual reality technology according to the relevant specifications.The 3D spatial data generated by 3D modeling were converted into DEM data for debris flow prevention engineering.Then,the accuracy and applicability of the DEM data were verified by the error analysis testing and fusion testing of the debris flow prevention simulation.Finally,we propose the Levels of Detail algorithm based on the quadtree structure to realize the visualization of a large-scale disaster prevention scene.The test results reveal that the data fusion method controlled the error rate of the DEM data of the debris flow prevention engineering within an allowable range and generated 3D volume data(obj format)to compensate for the deficiency of the DEM data whereby the 3D internal entity space is not expressed.Additionally,the levels of detailed method can dispatch the data of a large-scale debris flow hazard scene in real time to ensure a realistic 3D visualization.In summary,the proposed methods can be applied to the planning of debris flow prevention engineering and to the simulation of the debris flow prevention process.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China,China (No.D2015504008)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,China (No.SK201707)Projects of China Geological Survey,China (No.DD20190331).
文摘A multi-isotope approach and mixing model were combined to identify spatial and seasonal variations of sources,and their proportional contribution to nitrate in the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan region.The results showed that the NO3- concentration was significantly higher in the Hutuo River valley plain(178.7 mg/L) region than that in the upper and central pluvial fans of the Hutuo River(82.1 mg/L and 71.0 mg/L,respectively)and in the river(17.0 mg/L).Different land use types had no significant effect on the groundwater nitrate concentration.Based on a multi-isotope approach,we confirmed that the main sources of groundwater nitrate in different land use areas were domestic sewage and manure,followed by soil nitrogen,ammonia fertilizer,nitrate fertilizer and rainwater,and there were no significant spatial or seasonal variations.Combining δ^15N-NO3,δ^18O-NO3- and δ^37Cl results can increase the accuracy of traceability.Nitrification could be the most important nitrogen migration and transformation process,and denitrification did not significantly affected the isotopic composition of the nitrate.The SIAR model outputs revealed that the main nitrate pollution sources in groundwater and river water were domestic sewage and manure,accounting for 55.9%-61.0% and 22.6%(dry season),50.3%-60.4% and 34.1%(transition season),42.7%-47.6% and 35.6%(wet season 2016) and 45.9%-46.7% and 38.4%(wet season 2017),respectively.This work suggests that the random discharge and disposal of domestic sewage and manure should be the first target for control in order to prevent further nitrate contamination of the water environment.
文摘Background: For nursing students, gathering social information is essential for understanding healthcare and social issues and developing critical thinking and decision-making skills. However, the choice of information sources varies by age and individual habits. With the widespread use of the internet, there are notable differences between younger and older generations in their reliance on the internet versus traditional media sources like newspapers and television. Given the wide age range and diverse backgrounds of nursing students, understanding generational differences in information-gathering methods is important for implementing effective education. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify how nursing students in different age groups obtain social information and to examine media usage trends by age group. Additionally, we aim to use the findings to provide insights into effective information dissemination methods in nursing education. Results: The results showed that nursing students in their teens to forties, regardless of gender, primarily relied on the internet as their main information source, with television playing a secondary role. In contrast, students in their fifties tended to obtain information more often from newspapers and television than from the internet. This highlights an age-related difference in preferred information sources, with older students showing a greater reliance on traditional media. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that nursing students use different information-gathering methods based on their age, suggesting a need to custo-mize information dissemination strategies in nursing education. Digital media may be more effective for younger students, while traditional media or printed materials might better serve older students. Educational institutions should consider these generational differences in media usage and adopt strategies that meet the diverse needs of their student populations.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41572147)
文摘Correct identification of water inrush sources is particularly important to prevent and control mine water disasters.Hydrochemical analysis,Fisher discriminant analysis,and geothermal verification analysis were used to identify and verify the water sources of the multi-aquifer groundwater system in Gubei coal mine,Anhui Province,North China.Results show that hydrochemical water types of the Cenozoic top aquifer included HCO3-Na+K-Ca,HCO3-Na+K-Mg and HCO3-Na+K,and this aquifer was easily distinguishable from other aquifers because of its low concentration of Na++K+and Cl-.The Cenozoic middle and bottom aquifers,the Permian fissure aquifer,and the Taiyuan and Ordovician limestone aquifers were mainly characterized by the Cl-Na+K and SO4-Cl-Na+K or HCO3-Cl-Na+K water types,and their hydrogeochemistries were similar.Therefore,water sources could not be identified via hydrochemical analysis.Fisher model was established based on the hydrogeochemical characteristics,and its discrimination rate was 89.19%.Fisher discrimination results were improved by combining them with the geothermal analysis results,and this combination increased the identification rate to 97.3%and reasonably explained the reasons behind two water samples misjudgments.The methods described herein are also applicable to other mines with similar geological and hydrogeological conditions in North China.
