With the rise of cloud computing in recent years, a large number of streaming media has yielded an exponential growth in network traffic. With the now present 5G and future 6G, the development of the Internet of Thing...With the rise of cloud computing in recent years, a large number of streaming media has yielded an exponential growth in network traffic. With the now present 5G and future 6G, the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), social networks, video on demand, and mobile multimedia platforms, the backbone network is bound to bear more traffic. The transmission capacity of Single Core Fiber (SCFs) may be limited in the future and Spatial Division Multiplexing (SDM) leveraging multi-core fibers promises to be one of the solutions for the future. Currently, Elastic optical networks (EONs) with multi-core fibers (MCFs) are a kind of SDM-enabled EONs (SDM-EON) used to enhance the capacity of transmission. The resource assignment in MCFs, however, will be subject to Inter-Core Crosstalk (IC-XT), hence, reducing the effectiveness of transmission. This research highlights the routing, modulation level, and spectrum assignment (RMLSA) problems with anycast traffic mode in SDM-EON. A multipath routing scheme is used to reduce the blocking rate of anycast traffic in SDM-EON with the limit of inter-core crosstalk. Hence, an integer linear programming (ILP) problem is formulated and a heuristic algorithm is proposed. Two core-assignment strategies: First-Fit (FF) and Random-Fit (RF) are used and their performance is evaluated through simulations. The simulation results show that the multipath routing method is better than the single-path routing method in terms of blocking ratio and spectrum utilization ratio. Moreover, the FF is better than the RF in low traffic load in terms of blocking ratio (BR), and the opposite in high traffic load. The FF is better than the RF in terms of a spectrum utilization ratio. In an anycast protection problem, the proposed algorithm has a lower BR than previous works.展开更多
Space-division multiplexing （SDM） using multi-core fibers （MCFs） and few-mode fibers （FMFs） was proposed as a solution to increase capacity and/or reduce the cost per bit of fiber-optic transmission. Advances in...Space-division multiplexing （SDM） using multi-core fibers （MCFs） and few-mode fibers （FMFs） was proposed as a solution to increase capacity and/or reduce the cost per bit of fiber-optic transmission. Advances in passive and active SDM devices as well as digital signal processing have led to impressive SDM transmission demonstrations in the laboratory. Although the perceived advantages in terms of capacity and cost per bit that SDM offers over parallel SMF bundles are not universally accepted, SDM is beginning to emerge as an indispensable solution in major network segments. The introduction of the spatial degree of freedom allows optical networks to overcome fundamental limitations such as fiber nonlinearity as well practical limitations such as power delivery. We describe these application scenarios that the optical communications industry has already began to explore. From a fundamental science point of view, concepts such as the principal modes, generalized Stokes space, and multi-component solitons discovered in SDM research will likely have a broad impact in other areas of science and engineering.展开更多
文摘With the rise of cloud computing in recent years, a large number of streaming media has yielded an exponential growth in network traffic. With the now present 5G and future 6G, the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), social networks, video on demand, and mobile multimedia platforms, the backbone network is bound to bear more traffic. The transmission capacity of Single Core Fiber (SCFs) may be limited in the future and Spatial Division Multiplexing (SDM) leveraging multi-core fibers promises to be one of the solutions for the future. Currently, Elastic optical networks (EONs) with multi-core fibers (MCFs) are a kind of SDM-enabled EONs (SDM-EON) used to enhance the capacity of transmission. The resource assignment in MCFs, however, will be subject to Inter-Core Crosstalk (IC-XT), hence, reducing the effectiveness of transmission. This research highlights the routing, modulation level, and spectrum assignment (RMLSA) problems with anycast traffic mode in SDM-EON. A multipath routing scheme is used to reduce the blocking rate of anycast traffic in SDM-EON with the limit of inter-core crosstalk. Hence, an integer linear programming (ILP) problem is formulated and a heuristic algorithm is proposed. Two core-assignment strategies: First-Fit (FF) and Random-Fit (RF) are used and their performance is evaluated through simulations. The simulation results show that the multipath routing method is better than the single-path routing method in terms of blocking ratio and spectrum utilization ratio. Moreover, the FF is better than the RF in low traffic load in terms of blocking ratio (BR), and the opposite in high traffic load. The FF is better than the RF in terms of a spectrum utilization ratio. In an anycast protection problem, the proposed algorithm has a lower BR than previous works.
基金This work has been supported in part by the National Basic Research Program of China （973） （No. 2014CB340104/1）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC） （Grant Nos. 61377076, 61307085 and 61431009）.
文摘Space-division multiplexing （SDM） using multi-core fibers （MCFs） and few-mode fibers （FMFs） was proposed as a solution to increase capacity and/or reduce the cost per bit of fiber-optic transmission. Advances in passive and active SDM devices as well as digital signal processing have led to impressive SDM transmission demonstrations in the laboratory. Although the perceived advantages in terms of capacity and cost per bit that SDM offers over parallel SMF bundles are not universally accepted, SDM is beginning to emerge as an indispensable solution in major network segments. The introduction of the spatial degree of freedom allows optical networks to overcome fundamental limitations such as fiber nonlinearity as well practical limitations such as power delivery. We describe these application scenarios that the optical communications industry has already began to explore. From a fundamental science point of view, concepts such as the principal modes, generalized Stokes space, and multi-component solitons discovered in SDM research will likely have a broad impact in other areas of science and engineering.
