Lactobacillus are considered promising therapeutic methods for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The effects of two strains of Ltmosilactobacillus mucosae on NAFLD were investigated in this study.Fourweek-old ma...Lactobacillus are considered promising therapeutic methods for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The effects of two strains of Ltmosilactobacillus mucosae on NAFLD were investigated in this study.Fourweek-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups(n=8 per group,Control,Model,FZJTZ26M3,FGSYC17L3).L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 reduced the mice 's body weight,liver weight,and adipose tissue weight after 12 weeks of therapy.According to serum analysis,total cholesterol,triacylglycerol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased after L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 intervention.Liver pathology showed that L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 was effective to ameliorate lipid deposition in NAFLD mice.Additionally,the expression of the gene related to lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue was analyzed,and the results indicated that L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 could alleviate NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism.Furthermore,the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a drop in the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae,which is linked to inflammation,but the relative abundance of a potential probiotic Akkermansia significantly increased after L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 intervention.Generally,L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 could be a candidate to prevent NAFLD.展开更多
The origin of myofibroblasts or myofibroblastic cells in the desmoplastic stroma associated with carcinoma invasion has been controversial. In the early invasive area of a rectal adenocarcinoma reported here, an obvio...The origin of myofibroblasts or myofibroblastic cells in the desmoplastic stroma associated with carcinoma invasion has been controversial. In the early invasive area of a rectal adenocarcinoma reported here, an obvious transition between the muscularis mucosa and the bundles of eosinophilic stromal cells observed in the carcinomatous stroma was demonstrated both in morphology and in their cytoskeletal phenotype, which conceivably suggests that the smooth muscle cells of the muscularis mucosa could convert to the eosinophilic stromal cells, namely myofibroblasts. Moreover, type I procollagen was demonstrated in both protein and mRNA levels in the areas of eosinophilic stromal cells with a lesser degree of differentiated smooth muscle phenotype that showed a transition from the muscularis mucosa, implying that the myofibroblastic cells converted from smooth muscle cells of the muscularis mucosa could be responsible for type I collagen production. These findings suggest that the muscularis mucosae may not be a passive barrier through which colorectal carcinomas infiltrate into the submucosa, but may play an active role in the formation and remodeling of tumor stroma.展开更多
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in the world and its mortality could be greatly reduced by diagnosis and treatment in its early stages. Effective tools for the early detection of lung cancer a...Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in the world and its mortality could be greatly reduced by diagnosis and treatment in its early stages. Effective tools for the early detection of lung cancer and its high risk factors remain a major challenge. Biomarkers that detect lung cancer in its early stages or identify its pretumour lesions, enabling early therapeutic intervention, would be invaluable to improve its dismal prognosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Several studies have shown an association between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer.G...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Several studies have shown an association between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer.Gut microbiota is unique and can be influenced by geographic factors and habits.This study aimed to determine the diversity and composition of colonic mucosal microbiota in patients with and without colorectal cancer.AIM To determine the diversity and composition of colonic mucosal microbiota in patients with and without colorectal cancer in Indonesia.METHODS This case-control study included 59 subjects(35 colorectal cancer patients and 24 non-colorectal cancer patients indicated for colonoscopy at Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center and Fatmawati Hospital.Microbiota examination was performed using 16S rRNA sequencing.Bioinformatics analysis was performed using the wf-metagenomics pipeline from EPI2Me-Labs(Oxford Nanopore Technologies platform).RESULTS Patients with colorectal cancer had a higher median index value on the Shannon index(3.28 vs 2.82,P>0.05)and a lower value on the Simpson index(0.050 vs 0.060,P>0.05).Significant differences in beta diversity were observed at the genus(P=0.002)and species levels(P=0.001).Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Fusobacteria were the dominant phyla.The genera Bacteroides,Campylobacter,Peptostreptococcus,and Parvimonas were found more frequently in colorectal cancer,while Faecalibacterium,Haemophilus,and Phocaeicola were more frequently found in non-colorectal cancer.The relative abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum,Bacteroides fragilis,Enterococcus faecalis,Campylobacter hominis,and Enterococcus faecalis species was significantly elevated in patients with colorectal cancer.Meanwhile,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Faecalibacterium duncaniae,and Prevotella copri were more commonly found in non-colorectal cancer.CONCLUSION Patients with colorectal cancer exhibit distinct differences in the composition and diversity of their colonic mucosal microbiota compared to those with non-colorectal cancer.This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine,Universitas Indonesia(No.KET-1517/UN2.F1/ETIK/PPM.00.02/2023).展开更多
Peri-implant keratinized mucosa(PIKM)augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM.Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-ter...Peri-implant keratinized mucosa(PIKM)augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM.Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-term peri-implant health.Currently,several surgical techniques have been validated for their effectiveness in increasing PIKM.However,the selection and application of PIKM augmentation methods may present challenges for dental practitioners due to heterogeneity in surgical techniques,variations in clinical scenarios,and anatomical differences.Therefore,clear guidelines and considerations for PIKM augmentation are needed.This expert consensus focuses on the commonly employed surgical techniques for PIKM augmentation and the factors influencing their selection at second-stage surgery.It aims to establish a standardized framework for assessing,planning,and executing PIKM augmentation procedures,with the goal of offering evidence-based guidance to enhance the predictability and success of PIKM augmentation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Heterotopic gastric mucosa(HGM)is the most common type of epithelial heterotopia,which can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract.The duodenum is one of the common sites of HGM.HGM is usually consi...BACKGROUND Heterotopic gastric mucosa(HGM)is the most common type of epithelial heterotopia,which can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract.The duodenum is one of the common sites of HGM.HGM is usually considered benign,and malignant transformation of HGM in the duodenum is extremely rare.CASE SUMMARY We reported a middle-aged man admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain,whose gastroduodenoscopy revealed a polypoid uplift in the duodenum.The attending physician directly removed the lesion using a snare,histopathological analysis demonstrated multidirectional cellular differentiation on the basis of duodenal HGM.The hematoxylin and eosin stains of the duodenal lesion demonstrated HGM,the superficial mucosa exhibited gastric foveolar-type epithelium,numerous mucous glands were identified beneath the foveolar region.Additionally,focal areas displayed several signet-ring cell changes.Gastric foveolartype epithelium was diffusely positivity for MUC5AC and Ki67.Numerous mucous gland was positivity for MUC6,partially positive for MUC2,pepsinogen I and H^(+)/K^(+)ATPase.It was eventually diagnosed gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland mucosa on the basis of duodenal HGM.CONCLUSION We reported the first case of gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland mucosa arising in the duodenum on the basis of HGM.Although HGM is mostly benign,there is also a risk of carcinogenesis.展开更多
A case-control study on the differences in colonic mucosa-associated microbiotas between patients with and without colorectal cancer(CRC)in the Indonesian population was recently published.The geographical distributio...A case-control study on the differences in colonic mucosa-associated microbiotas between patients with and without colorectal cancer(CRC)in the Indonesian population was recently published.The geographical distribution characteristics of the gut microbiota in the carcinogenic microenvironment are closely related to disease progression.Therefore,the results of that study are of great significance for determining the pathogenesis of CRC in the Indonesian region and for clinically diagnosing and treating CRC.While acknowledging the strengths of the study,its limitations should also be addressed.Future case-control studies of the gut microbiota based on specific populations should be further refined to provide more optimized guidance for clinical precision treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common cancers worldwide.The gold standard screening methods for early detection and monitoring are colonoscopy and stool-based tests.However,innovative and minimall...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common cancers worldwide.The gold standard screening methods for early detection and monitoring are colonoscopy and stool-based tests.However,innovative and minimally invasive biomarkers need to be integrated into clinical practice.AIM To identify circulating microRNAs as potential CRC biomarkers through a com-parative analysis of tissue and plasma samples from patients with CRC.METHODS This case-control study conducted a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of 84 microRNAs in tumoral and peritumoral tissues,and 179 microRNAs in plasma from 19 patients with CRC.A control cohort for the tissue analysis and another control cohort for the plasma analysis have been enrolled.RESULTS In total,14 microRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in the tissue and plasma samples.Notably,five microRNAs(miR-26b-5p,miR-101-3p,miR-30d-5p,miR-107,and miR-21-5p)presented the same trend in terms of fold change in both types of biological samples.Significant associations between the circulating levels of miR-21-5p and miR-26b-5p and lymphovascular invasion were found.CONCLUSION These five microRNAs with significantly altered levels in plasma and tumoral tissue,could be good non-invasive CRC biomarkers candidates,enhancing screening,and supporting precision and individualized patient care.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intraoral honeybee stings are very rare.Stings by these insects occur 25%of the time in the head and neck region.In addition,a stinger intraorally can lead to persistent irritation,inflammation,and secondar...BACKGROUND Intraoral honeybee stings are very rare.Stings by these insects occur 25%of the time in the head and neck region.In addition,a stinger intraorally can lead to persistent irritation,inflammation,and secondary infections if not promptly excised.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 52-year-old female patient who was stung in her mouth by a honeybee,causing a local irritation.The patient presented with a one-month history of pain,swelling,and redness in the left buccal mucosa.Inadvertently retained,the stinger was discovered during a clinical evaluation following initial treatment for facial swelling and erythema.After the stinger was removed,the patient’s symptoms resolved without complications.CONCLUSION This case emphasizes the importance of thorough examination and prompt management of insect stings to prevent prolonged discomfort and potential complications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endoscopic mucosa resection(EMR)is an important minimally invasive surgical method for treating early digestive tract tumors.In recent years,the crucial role of intestinal microbiota in disease occurrence a...BACKGROUND Endoscopic mucosa resection(EMR)is an important minimally invasive surgical method for treating early digestive tract tumors.In recent years,the crucial role of intestinal microbiota in disease occurrence and development has attracted increasing attention.However,the changes in intestinal microbiota after EMR and the effect of dietary fiber intervention on microbiota recovery remain insufficiently elucidated.AIM To investigate the effects of dietary fiber intervention on intestinal microbiota recovery in patients undergoing EMR and evaluate its potential to improve postoperative outcomes and intestinal microecological balance.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed intestinal microbiota sequencing and dietary fiber intervention in patients with EMR.Patients who underwent EMR surgery between 2020 and 2023 were selected and divided into a routine follow-up group and a dietary fiber intervention group.High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to detect changes in patient intestinal microbiota,and microbiota diversity,structure,and function in different intervention groups were compared and analyzed.RESULTS A total of 86 patients with EMR were included in the study.Results showed that:(1)Intestinal microbiota diversity significantly decreased after EMR surgery,with notable changes in the proportion of Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobic bacteria;(2)The microbiota recovery rate in the dietary fiber intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group,with a significantly higher microbiota diversity index(P<0.05);and(3)The abundance of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the intervention group increased substantially,and intestinal barrier-related functional gene expression was upregulated.CONCLUSION Dietary fiber intervention can effectively promote intestinal microbiota recovery in patients with EMR,improve intestinal microecological balance,and provide a new intervention strategy for clinical post-EMR patient rehabilitation.展开更多
This paper aimed to explore the mechanism of tetrapeptide Val-Thr-Pro-Tyr(VTPY)in improving alcoholic gastric injury.VTPY has the potential to enhance the growth and movement of normal human gastric epithelial cells(G...This paper aimed to explore the mechanism of tetrapeptide Val-Thr-Pro-Tyr(VTPY)in improving alcoholic gastric injury.VTPY has the potential to enhance the growth and movement of normal human gastric epithelial cells(GES-1).Following ethanol-induced impairment,VTPY effectively improved migration of GES-1 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)cells,enhanced angiogenesis,eliminated cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(ROS),inhibited excessive mitochondrial division,enhanced F-actin polymerization and mitochondrial respiratory capacity.To counteract excessive mitochondrial fission,VTPY primarily restores the mitochondria dynamics by reducing the expression of Drpl and Fis1,while increasing Mfn2.Further studies utilizing inhibitors clarifies that the inhibition of excessive mitochondrial fission can markedly reduce F-actin depolymerization,consequently enhancing cell migration.Additionally,VTPY can inhibit the apoptosis pathway by maintaining potential of mitochondrial membrane,preventing the release of mitochondrial cytochrome C,bolstering the levels of Bcl-XL,while reducing the levels of Bax and cleaved-Caspase-3.Further investigations using inhibitors demonstrates that excessive mitochondrial fission could activate apoptotic pathway.However,VTPY counteracts this effect and enhance cells viability.Further evidence suggests that VTPY effectively improves ulcer index and pathologic changes,relieves inflammation,enhances the balance of oxidation and anti-oxidation,promotes angiogenesis,improves the expression of mitochondrial dynamics factors,blocks apoptotic pathway,and subsequently ameliorates gastric damage in mice through Fis-1/Bcl-2 pathway.展开更多
Fusobacterium is a genus of obligate anaerobic gram-negative bacilli that usually colonize the oropharynx,gastrointestinal tract,upper respiratory tract,and vaginal mucosa of humans as a part of the normal flora.[1,2]...Fusobacterium is a genus of obligate anaerobic gram-negative bacilli that usually colonize the oropharynx,gastrointestinal tract,upper respiratory tract,and vaginal mucosa of humans as a part of the normal flora.[1,2]Infections may occur once host defense mechanisms are altered and mucosal barriers are disrupted.[3]The clinical spectrum is wide and includes pharyngitis,sinusitis,abscess formation,puerperal infections,bacteremia,and septic shock.Within this genus,two species are most commonly isolated:Fusobacterium nucleatum and Fusobacterium necrophorum(F.necrophorum).F.necrophorum is usually associated with Lemierre’s syndrome,[4,5]a type of septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein.展开更多
BACKGROUND Eyelid reconstruction is an intricate process,addressing both aesthetic and functional aspects post-trauma or oncological surgery.Aesthetic concerns and oncological radicality guide personalized approaches....BACKGROUND Eyelid reconstruction is an intricate process,addressing both aesthetic and functional aspects post-trauma or oncological surgery.Aesthetic concerns and oncological radicality guide personalized approaches.The complex anatomy,involving anterior and posterior lamellae,requires tailored reconstruction for optimal functionality.AIM To formulate an eyelid reconstruction algorithm through an extensive literature review and to validate it by juxtaposing surgical outcomes from Cattinara Hos-in dry eye and tears,which may lead to long-term consequences such as chronic conjunctivitis,discomfort,or photo-phobia.To prevent this issue,scars should be oriented vertically or perpendicularly to the free eyelid margin when the size of the tumor allows.In employing a malar flap to repair a lower eyelid defect,the malar incision must ascend diagonally;this facilitates enhanced flap advancement and mitigates ectropion by restricting vertical traction.Conse-quently,it is imperative to maintain that the generated tension remains consistently horizontal and never vertical[9].Lagophthalmos is a disorder characterized by the inability to completely close the eyelids,leading to corneal exposure and an increased risk of keratitis or ulceration;it may arise following upper eyelid surgery.To avert this issue,it is essential to preserve a minimum of 1 cm of skin between the superior edge of the excision and the inferior boundary of the eyebrow.Epiphora may occur in cancers involving the lacrimal puncta,requiring their removal.As previously stated,when employing a glabellar flap to rectify medial canthal abnormalities,it is essential to prevent a trapdoor effect or thickening of the flap relative to the eyelid skin to which it is affixed.Constraints about our proposed algorithm enco-mpass limited sample sizes and possible publication biases in existing studies.Subsequent investigations ought to examine long-term results to further refine the algorithm.Future research should evaluate the algorithm across varied populations and examine the impact of novel graft materials on enhancing reconstructive outcomes.CONCLUSION Eyelid reconstruction remains one of the most intriguing challenges for a plastic surgeon today.The most fascinating aspect of this discipline is the need to restore the functionality of such an essential structure while maintaining its aesthetics.In our opinion,creating decision-making algorithms can facilitate reaching this goal by allowing for the individualization of the reconstructive path while minimizing the incidence of complications.The fact that we have decreased the incidence of severe complications is a sign that the work is moving in the right direction.The fact that there has been no need for reintervention,neither for reconstructive issues nor for inadequate oncological radicality,overall signifies greater patient satisfaction as they do not have to undergo the stress of new surgeries.Even the minor complic-ations recorded are in line with those reported in the literature,and,even more importantly for patients,they are of limited duration.In our experience,after a year of application,we can say that the objective has been achieved,but much more can still be done.Behind every work,a scientific basis must be continually renewed and refreshed to maintain high-quality standards.Therefore,searching for possible alternative solutions to be included in one’s surgical armamentarium is fundamental to providing the patient with a fully personalized option.展开更多
Medical ultrasound,developed after World War II,emerged from the application of sonar technology originally used for submarine detection during the 1950s.In the early stages of this development,the concept of transrec...Medical ultrasound,developed after World War II,emerged from the application of sonar technology originally used for submarine detection during the 1950s.In the early stages of this development,the concept of transrectal ultrasound(TRUS)was proposed.In 1955,Wild and Reid in the United States developed a basic transrectal scanner,but it could only display the rectal mucosa which lacked diagnostic value.展开更多
Targeting the gut-liver axis has emerged as a promising strategy in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),a condition that currently represents the most common cause of chron...Targeting the gut-liver axis has emerged as a promising strategy in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),a condition that currently represents the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.Within this axis,the duodenum serves not only as a site of nutrient absorption but also as a metabolic sensor capable of influencing systemic and hepatic homeostasis.We have read with great interest the recent study by Yu et al,investigating the effects of duodenal mucosal ablation(DMA)by irreversible electroporation in a rat model of MASLD.The authors reported remarkable reductions in hepatic lipid content,improvements in serum lipid profiles,and both structural and functional changes in the intestinal mucosa,including alterations in enteroendocrine signaling.These results corroborate the pivotal role of the gut-liver axis in the pathogenesis of MASLD and highlight the potential of minimally invasive approaches targeting the proximal intestine.In this letter,we discuss the broader implications of these findings,emphasizing the translational relevance of intestinal modulation strategies in the comprehensive treatment of MASLD.展开更多
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare,autosomal dominant inherited disorder with an incidence of approximately 1 in 50,000.Among its various tapes,HAE with normal C1 inhibitor levels (HAE-nC1-INH)is exceptionally rare...Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare,autosomal dominant inherited disorder with an incidence of approximately 1 in 50,000.Among its various tapes,HAE with normal C1 inhibitor levels (HAE-nC1-INH)is exceptionally rare.^([1]) HAE symptoms include recurrent episodes of skin and mucosal edema that can occur anywhere in the body.^([1-4]) Laryngeal edema is life-threatening,as it can lead to airway obstruction and potentially fatal suffocation.^([1-3])Edema of the gastrointestinal mucosa may cause abdominal pain,vomiting,and symptoms that are often misdiagnosed as acute abdomen.^([1-4]) This study included four patients,including one with HAE-nC1-INH (genetic testing revealed a heterozygous mutation in the KNG1 gene (c.1404G>C:p.Q468H)) and three with HAE due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (HAE-C1-INH).This case series aims to increase knowledge of HAE by illustrating its diverse clinical presentations and emphasizing features that may prompt clinical suspicion and facilitate timely diagnosis.展开更多
The administration of drugs via the buccal route has attracted much attention in recent years.However,the development of delivery systems that adhere well in moist conditions while releasing drugs successfully across ...The administration of drugs via the buccal route has attracted much attention in recent years.However,the development of delivery systems that adhere well in moist conditions while releasing drugs successfully across the buccal mucosa remains challenging[1].Currently,the gold standard for determining buccal drug permeability is the vertical Franz diffusion cell(FDC),which is using freshly excised tissue[2].展开更多
Chronic atrophic gastritis includes two main types:autoimmune gastritis(AIG),also known as type A gastritis,and non-AIG.AIG primarily affects the fundus and body of the stomach and is characterized by atrophy of the g...Chronic atrophic gastritis includes two main types:autoimmune gastritis(AIG),also known as type A gastritis,and non-AIG.AIG primarily affects the fundus and body of the stomach and is characterized by atrophy of the gastric body mucosa[1,2].The non-AIG category includes type B gastritis,where the lesions mainly occur in the gastric antrum,as well as chronic superficial gastritis,an early stage of stomach disorders.The diagnosis of AIG versus non-AIG heavily relies on gastroscopy,a procedure known for its risks and inconvenience.Therefore,identifying biomarkers that can distinguish between AIG and non-AIG is crucial.However,there are currently no reports on small-molecule biomarkers for distinguishing between AIG and non-AIG.In this study,we investigated the serum metabolomics of AIG and non-AIG patients using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UHPLC/MS),and compared their metabolic profile differences.In total 46 differential metabolites were identified,and three of which(L-glutamic acid,anthranilate,and deoxyadenosine)were linked to the regulation of gastric biosynthetic genes.展开更多
Colonic mucus and gut microbiota closely linked through mutual regulatory effect.While their alterations during sepsis and whether glutamine can maintain the colonic mucus barrier and gut microbiota stability are uncl...Colonic mucus and gut microbiota closely linked through mutual regulatory effect.While their alterations during sepsis and whether glutamine can maintain the colonic mucus barrier and gut microbiota stability are unclear.Cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in mice was utilized to observe changes in colonic mucus,gut microbiota,and their interaction with glutamine intervention.Our findings indicated that glutamine mitigated sepsis-induced intestinal damage and restores colonic mucus barrier function by augmenting mucin synthesis.Further analysis revealed that goblet cells were under oxidative stress after sepsis,resulting in anterior gradient-2(AGR2),the key mucin-modifying enzyme,being dissynthesized,and inhibiting mucin 2(MUC2)maturation.Glutamine could ameliorates this situation by promoting the key enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)glycosylation in the pentose phosphate pathway,increasing the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)synthesis,reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress,and accelerating AGR2 synthesis and MUC2 maturation.Additionally,glutamine aided in maintaining gut microbiota stability during sepsis,up-regulating mucin-associated bacteria such as Akkermansia and Alistipes.These bacteria,intimately linked to mucin synthesis and degradation,may impact intestinal mucus stability.In conclusion,glutamine can maintain goblet cell redox balance,promotes AGR2 synthesis and MUC2 maturation,shields the mucus barrier,and potentially maintains gut microbiota stability by regulating the interaction between bacteria and mucus,thus alleviating sepsis-induced intestinal damage.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32021005, 31820103010)111 project (BP0719028)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province。
文摘Lactobacillus are considered promising therapeutic methods for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The effects of two strains of Ltmosilactobacillus mucosae on NAFLD were investigated in this study.Fourweek-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups(n=8 per group,Control,Model,FZJTZ26M3,FGSYC17L3).L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 reduced the mice 's body weight,liver weight,and adipose tissue weight after 12 weeks of therapy.According to serum analysis,total cholesterol,triacylglycerol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased after L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 intervention.Liver pathology showed that L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 was effective to ameliorate lipid deposition in NAFLD mice.Additionally,the expression of the gene related to lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue was analyzed,and the results indicated that L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 could alleviate NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism.Furthermore,the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a drop in the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae,which is linked to inflammation,but the relative abundance of a potential probiotic Akkermansia significantly increased after L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 intervention.Generally,L.mucosae FZJTZ26M3 could be a candidate to prevent NAFLD.
文摘The origin of myofibroblasts or myofibroblastic cells in the desmoplastic stroma associated with carcinoma invasion has been controversial. In the early invasive area of a rectal adenocarcinoma reported here, an obvious transition between the muscularis mucosa and the bundles of eosinophilic stromal cells observed in the carcinomatous stroma was demonstrated both in morphology and in their cytoskeletal phenotype, which conceivably suggests that the smooth muscle cells of the muscularis mucosa could convert to the eosinophilic stromal cells, namely myofibroblasts. Moreover, type I procollagen was demonstrated in both protein and mRNA levels in the areas of eosinophilic stromal cells with a lesser degree of differentiated smooth muscle phenotype that showed a transition from the muscularis mucosa, implying that the myofibroblastic cells converted from smooth muscle cells of the muscularis mucosa could be responsible for type I collagen production. These findings suggest that the muscularis mucosae may not be a passive barrier through which colorectal carcinomas infiltrate into the submucosa, but may play an active role in the formation and remodeling of tumor stroma.
基金This work was supported by the Foundation for Natural Science,Bureau of Science and Technology,Shandong Province,China(No.Y2005C37).
文摘Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in the world and its mortality could be greatly reduced by diagnosis and treatment in its early stages. Effective tools for the early detection of lung cancer and its high risk factors remain a major challenge. Biomarkers that detect lung cancer in its early stages or identify its pretumour lesions, enabling early therapeutic intervention, would be invaluable to improve its dismal prognosis.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Several studies have shown an association between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer.Gut microbiota is unique and can be influenced by geographic factors and habits.This study aimed to determine the diversity and composition of colonic mucosal microbiota in patients with and without colorectal cancer.AIM To determine the diversity and composition of colonic mucosal microbiota in patients with and without colorectal cancer in Indonesia.METHODS This case-control study included 59 subjects(35 colorectal cancer patients and 24 non-colorectal cancer patients indicated for colonoscopy at Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center and Fatmawati Hospital.Microbiota examination was performed using 16S rRNA sequencing.Bioinformatics analysis was performed using the wf-metagenomics pipeline from EPI2Me-Labs(Oxford Nanopore Technologies platform).RESULTS Patients with colorectal cancer had a higher median index value on the Shannon index(3.28 vs 2.82,P>0.05)and a lower value on the Simpson index(0.050 vs 0.060,P>0.05).Significant differences in beta diversity were observed at the genus(P=0.002)and species levels(P=0.001).Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Fusobacteria were the dominant phyla.The genera Bacteroides,Campylobacter,Peptostreptococcus,and Parvimonas were found more frequently in colorectal cancer,while Faecalibacterium,Haemophilus,and Phocaeicola were more frequently found in non-colorectal cancer.The relative abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum,Bacteroides fragilis,Enterococcus faecalis,Campylobacter hominis,and Enterococcus faecalis species was significantly elevated in patients with colorectal cancer.Meanwhile,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Faecalibacterium duncaniae,and Prevotella copri were more commonly found in non-colorectal cancer.CONCLUSION Patients with colorectal cancer exhibit distinct differences in the composition and diversity of their colonic mucosal microbiota compared to those with non-colorectal cancer.This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine,Universitas Indonesia(No.KET-1517/UN2.F1/ETIK/PPM.00.02/2023).
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(grant number:25NSFSC0265).
文摘Peri-implant keratinized mucosa(PIKM)augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM.Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-term peri-implant health.Currently,several surgical techniques have been validated for their effectiveness in increasing PIKM.However,the selection and application of PIKM augmentation methods may present challenges for dental practitioners due to heterogeneity in surgical techniques,variations in clinical scenarios,and anatomical differences.Therefore,clear guidelines and considerations for PIKM augmentation are needed.This expert consensus focuses on the commonly employed surgical techniques for PIKM augmentation and the factors influencing their selection at second-stage surgery.It aims to establish a standardized framework for assessing,planning,and executing PIKM augmentation procedures,with the goal of offering evidence-based guidance to enhance the predictability and success of PIKM augmentation.
文摘BACKGROUND Heterotopic gastric mucosa(HGM)is the most common type of epithelial heterotopia,which can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract.The duodenum is one of the common sites of HGM.HGM is usually considered benign,and malignant transformation of HGM in the duodenum is extremely rare.CASE SUMMARY We reported a middle-aged man admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain,whose gastroduodenoscopy revealed a polypoid uplift in the duodenum.The attending physician directly removed the lesion using a snare,histopathological analysis demonstrated multidirectional cellular differentiation on the basis of duodenal HGM.The hematoxylin and eosin stains of the duodenal lesion demonstrated HGM,the superficial mucosa exhibited gastric foveolar-type epithelium,numerous mucous glands were identified beneath the foveolar region.Additionally,focal areas displayed several signet-ring cell changes.Gastric foveolartype epithelium was diffusely positivity for MUC5AC and Ki67.Numerous mucous gland was positivity for MUC6,partially positive for MUC2,pepsinogen I and H^(+)/K^(+)ATPase.It was eventually diagnosed gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland mucosa on the basis of duodenal HGM.CONCLUSION We reported the first case of gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland mucosa arising in the duodenum on the basis of HGM.Although HGM is mostly benign,there is also a risk of carcinogenesis.
基金Supported by the Beijing High Level Public Health Technology Talent Construction Project,No.backbone-03-04.
文摘A case-control study on the differences in colonic mucosa-associated microbiotas between patients with and without colorectal cancer(CRC)in the Indonesian population was recently published.The geographical distribution characteristics of the gut microbiota in the carcinogenic microenvironment are closely related to disease progression.Therefore,the results of that study are of great significance for determining the pathogenesis of CRC in the Indonesian region and for clinically diagnosing and treating CRC.While acknowledging the strengths of the study,its limitations should also be addressed.Future case-control studies of the gut microbiota based on specific populations should be further refined to provide more optimized guidance for clinical precision treatment.
基金Supported by European Union’s NextGeneration PNRR-III-C9-2022-I5,managed by the Ministry of Research,Innovation and Digitization,No.760009/30.12.2022,code CF 14/16.11.2022Ministry of Research,Innovation and Digitization of Romania,No.PN 23.16.02.04.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common cancers worldwide.The gold standard screening methods for early detection and monitoring are colonoscopy and stool-based tests.However,innovative and minimally invasive biomarkers need to be integrated into clinical practice.AIM To identify circulating microRNAs as potential CRC biomarkers through a com-parative analysis of tissue and plasma samples from patients with CRC.METHODS This case-control study conducted a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of 84 microRNAs in tumoral and peritumoral tissues,and 179 microRNAs in plasma from 19 patients with CRC.A control cohort for the tissue analysis and another control cohort for the plasma analysis have been enrolled.RESULTS In total,14 microRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in the tissue and plasma samples.Notably,five microRNAs(miR-26b-5p,miR-101-3p,miR-30d-5p,miR-107,and miR-21-5p)presented the same trend in terms of fold change in both types of biological samples.Significant associations between the circulating levels of miR-21-5p and miR-26b-5p and lymphovascular invasion were found.CONCLUSION These five microRNAs with significantly altered levels in plasma and tumoral tissue,could be good non-invasive CRC biomarkers candidates,enhancing screening,and supporting precision and individualized patient care.
文摘BACKGROUND Intraoral honeybee stings are very rare.Stings by these insects occur 25%of the time in the head and neck region.In addition,a stinger intraorally can lead to persistent irritation,inflammation,and secondary infections if not promptly excised.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 52-year-old female patient who was stung in her mouth by a honeybee,causing a local irritation.The patient presented with a one-month history of pain,swelling,and redness in the left buccal mucosa.Inadvertently retained,the stinger was discovered during a clinical evaluation following initial treatment for facial swelling and erythema.After the stinger was removed,the patient’s symptoms resolved without complications.CONCLUSION This case emphasizes the importance of thorough examination and prompt management of insect stings to prevent prolonged discomfort and potential complications.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic mucosa resection(EMR)is an important minimally invasive surgical method for treating early digestive tract tumors.In recent years,the crucial role of intestinal microbiota in disease occurrence and development has attracted increasing attention.However,the changes in intestinal microbiota after EMR and the effect of dietary fiber intervention on microbiota recovery remain insufficiently elucidated.AIM To investigate the effects of dietary fiber intervention on intestinal microbiota recovery in patients undergoing EMR and evaluate its potential to improve postoperative outcomes and intestinal microecological balance.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed intestinal microbiota sequencing and dietary fiber intervention in patients with EMR.Patients who underwent EMR surgery between 2020 and 2023 were selected and divided into a routine follow-up group and a dietary fiber intervention group.High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to detect changes in patient intestinal microbiota,and microbiota diversity,structure,and function in different intervention groups were compared and analyzed.RESULTS A total of 86 patients with EMR were included in the study.Results showed that:(1)Intestinal microbiota diversity significantly decreased after EMR surgery,with notable changes in the proportion of Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobic bacteria;(2)The microbiota recovery rate in the dietary fiber intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group,with a significantly higher microbiota diversity index(P<0.05);and(3)The abundance of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the intervention group increased substantially,and intestinal barrier-related functional gene expression was upregulated.CONCLUSION Dietary fiber intervention can effectively promote intestinal microbiota recovery in patients with EMR,improve intestinal microecological balance,and provide a new intervention strategy for clinical post-EMR patient rehabilitation.
基金support from the Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of Dalian City(2019J11CY005)the Graduate Innovation Fund of Dalian Polytechnic University。
文摘This paper aimed to explore the mechanism of tetrapeptide Val-Thr-Pro-Tyr(VTPY)in improving alcoholic gastric injury.VTPY has the potential to enhance the growth and movement of normal human gastric epithelial cells(GES-1).Following ethanol-induced impairment,VTPY effectively improved migration of GES-1 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)cells,enhanced angiogenesis,eliminated cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(ROS),inhibited excessive mitochondrial division,enhanced F-actin polymerization and mitochondrial respiratory capacity.To counteract excessive mitochondrial fission,VTPY primarily restores the mitochondria dynamics by reducing the expression of Drpl and Fis1,while increasing Mfn2.Further studies utilizing inhibitors clarifies that the inhibition of excessive mitochondrial fission can markedly reduce F-actin depolymerization,consequently enhancing cell migration.Additionally,VTPY can inhibit the apoptosis pathway by maintaining potential of mitochondrial membrane,preventing the release of mitochondrial cytochrome C,bolstering the levels of Bcl-XL,while reducing the levels of Bax and cleaved-Caspase-3.Further investigations using inhibitors demonstrates that excessive mitochondrial fission could activate apoptotic pathway.However,VTPY counteracts this effect and enhance cells viability.Further evidence suggests that VTPY effectively improves ulcer index and pathologic changes,relieves inflammation,enhances the balance of oxidation and anti-oxidation,promotes angiogenesis,improves the expression of mitochondrial dynamics factors,blocks apoptotic pathway,and subsequently ameliorates gastric damage in mice through Fis-1/Bcl-2 pathway.
文摘Fusobacterium is a genus of obligate anaerobic gram-negative bacilli that usually colonize the oropharynx,gastrointestinal tract,upper respiratory tract,and vaginal mucosa of humans as a part of the normal flora.[1,2]Infections may occur once host defense mechanisms are altered and mucosal barriers are disrupted.[3]The clinical spectrum is wide and includes pharyngitis,sinusitis,abscess formation,puerperal infections,bacteremia,and septic shock.Within this genus,two species are most commonly isolated:Fusobacterium nucleatum and Fusobacterium necrophorum(F.necrophorum).F.necrophorum is usually associated with Lemierre’s syndrome,[4,5]a type of septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein.
文摘BACKGROUND Eyelid reconstruction is an intricate process,addressing both aesthetic and functional aspects post-trauma or oncological surgery.Aesthetic concerns and oncological radicality guide personalized approaches.The complex anatomy,involving anterior and posterior lamellae,requires tailored reconstruction for optimal functionality.AIM To formulate an eyelid reconstruction algorithm through an extensive literature review and to validate it by juxtaposing surgical outcomes from Cattinara Hos-in dry eye and tears,which may lead to long-term consequences such as chronic conjunctivitis,discomfort,or photo-phobia.To prevent this issue,scars should be oriented vertically or perpendicularly to the free eyelid margin when the size of the tumor allows.In employing a malar flap to repair a lower eyelid defect,the malar incision must ascend diagonally;this facilitates enhanced flap advancement and mitigates ectropion by restricting vertical traction.Conse-quently,it is imperative to maintain that the generated tension remains consistently horizontal and never vertical[9].Lagophthalmos is a disorder characterized by the inability to completely close the eyelids,leading to corneal exposure and an increased risk of keratitis or ulceration;it may arise following upper eyelid surgery.To avert this issue,it is essential to preserve a minimum of 1 cm of skin between the superior edge of the excision and the inferior boundary of the eyebrow.Epiphora may occur in cancers involving the lacrimal puncta,requiring their removal.As previously stated,when employing a glabellar flap to rectify medial canthal abnormalities,it is essential to prevent a trapdoor effect or thickening of the flap relative to the eyelid skin to which it is affixed.Constraints about our proposed algorithm enco-mpass limited sample sizes and possible publication biases in existing studies.Subsequent investigations ought to examine long-term results to further refine the algorithm.Future research should evaluate the algorithm across varied populations and examine the impact of novel graft materials on enhancing reconstructive outcomes.CONCLUSION Eyelid reconstruction remains one of the most intriguing challenges for a plastic surgeon today.The most fascinating aspect of this discipline is the need to restore the functionality of such an essential structure while maintaining its aesthetics.In our opinion,creating decision-making algorithms can facilitate reaching this goal by allowing for the individualization of the reconstructive path while minimizing the incidence of complications.The fact that we have decreased the incidence of severe complications is a sign that the work is moving in the right direction.The fact that there has been no need for reintervention,neither for reconstructive issues nor for inadequate oncological radicality,overall signifies greater patient satisfaction as they do not have to undergo the stress of new surgeries.Even the minor complic-ations recorded are in line with those reported in the literature,and,even more importantly for patients,they are of limited duration.In our experience,after a year of application,we can say that the objective has been achieved,but much more can still be done.Behind every work,a scientific basis must be continually renewed and refreshed to maintain high-quality standards.Therefore,searching for possible alternative solutions to be included in one’s surgical armamentarium is fundamental to providing the patient with a fully personalized option.
文摘Medical ultrasound,developed after World War II,emerged from the application of sonar technology originally used for submarine detection during the 1950s.In the early stages of this development,the concept of transrectal ultrasound(TRUS)was proposed.In 1955,Wild and Reid in the United States developed a basic transrectal scanner,but it could only display the rectal mucosa which lacked diagnostic value.
文摘Targeting the gut-liver axis has emerged as a promising strategy in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),a condition that currently represents the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.Within this axis,the duodenum serves not only as a site of nutrient absorption but also as a metabolic sensor capable of influencing systemic and hepatic homeostasis.We have read with great interest the recent study by Yu et al,investigating the effects of duodenal mucosal ablation(DMA)by irreversible electroporation in a rat model of MASLD.The authors reported remarkable reductions in hepatic lipid content,improvements in serum lipid profiles,and both structural and functional changes in the intestinal mucosa,including alterations in enteroendocrine signaling.These results corroborate the pivotal role of the gut-liver axis in the pathogenesis of MASLD and highlight the potential of minimally invasive approaches targeting the proximal intestine.In this letter,we discuss the broader implications of these findings,emphasizing the translational relevance of intestinal modulation strategies in the comprehensive treatment of MASLD.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China (19VJX168)。
文摘Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare,autosomal dominant inherited disorder with an incidence of approximately 1 in 50,000.Among its various tapes,HAE with normal C1 inhibitor levels (HAE-nC1-INH)is exceptionally rare.^([1]) HAE symptoms include recurrent episodes of skin and mucosal edema that can occur anywhere in the body.^([1-4]) Laryngeal edema is life-threatening,as it can lead to airway obstruction and potentially fatal suffocation.^([1-3])Edema of the gastrointestinal mucosa may cause abdominal pain,vomiting,and symptoms that are often misdiagnosed as acute abdomen.^([1-4]) This study included four patients,including one with HAE-nC1-INH (genetic testing revealed a heterozygous mutation in the KNG1 gene (c.1404G>C:p.Q468H)) and three with HAE due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (HAE-C1-INH).This case series aims to increase knowledge of HAE by illustrating its diverse clinical presentations and emphasizing features that may prompt clinical suspicion and facilitate timely diagnosis.
文摘The administration of drugs via the buccal route has attracted much attention in recent years.However,the development of delivery systems that adhere well in moist conditions while releasing drugs successfully across the buccal mucosa remains challenging[1].Currently,the gold standard for determining buccal drug permeability is the vertical Franz diffusion cell(FDC),which is using freshly excised tissue[2].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82122073 and 82173950)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding,China(Grant Nos.:BJ-2023-101 and BJ-2023-075).
文摘Chronic atrophic gastritis includes two main types:autoimmune gastritis(AIG),also known as type A gastritis,and non-AIG.AIG primarily affects the fundus and body of the stomach and is characterized by atrophy of the gastric body mucosa[1,2].The non-AIG category includes type B gastritis,where the lesions mainly occur in the gastric antrum,as well as chronic superficial gastritis,an early stage of stomach disorders.The diagnosis of AIG versus non-AIG heavily relies on gastroscopy,a procedure known for its risks and inconvenience.Therefore,identifying biomarkers that can distinguish between AIG and non-AIG is crucial.However,there are currently no reports on small-molecule biomarkers for distinguishing between AIG and non-AIG.In this study,we investigated the serum metabolomics of AIG and non-AIG patients using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UHPLC/MS),and compared their metabolic profile differences.In total 46 differential metabolites were identified,and three of which(L-glutamic acid,anthranilate,and deoxyadenosine)were linked to the regulation of gastric biosynthetic genes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82172202)Innovative Leading Talents Project of Chongqing(cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0148)+1 种基金the Project of NINGBO Leading Medical&Health Discipline(2022-F17)Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program(2023030615).
文摘Colonic mucus and gut microbiota closely linked through mutual regulatory effect.While their alterations during sepsis and whether glutamine can maintain the colonic mucus barrier and gut microbiota stability are unclear.Cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in mice was utilized to observe changes in colonic mucus,gut microbiota,and their interaction with glutamine intervention.Our findings indicated that glutamine mitigated sepsis-induced intestinal damage and restores colonic mucus barrier function by augmenting mucin synthesis.Further analysis revealed that goblet cells were under oxidative stress after sepsis,resulting in anterior gradient-2(AGR2),the key mucin-modifying enzyme,being dissynthesized,and inhibiting mucin 2(MUC2)maturation.Glutamine could ameliorates this situation by promoting the key enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)glycosylation in the pentose phosphate pathway,increasing the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)synthesis,reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress,and accelerating AGR2 synthesis and MUC2 maturation.Additionally,glutamine aided in maintaining gut microbiota stability during sepsis,up-regulating mucin-associated bacteria such as Akkermansia and Alistipes.These bacteria,intimately linked to mucin synthesis and degradation,may impact intestinal mucus stability.In conclusion,glutamine can maintain goblet cell redox balance,promotes AGR2 synthesis and MUC2 maturation,shields the mucus barrier,and potentially maintains gut microbiota stability by regulating the interaction between bacteria and mucus,thus alleviating sepsis-induced intestinal damage.
