AIM: To develop a novel three-dimensional(3D) electric ophthalmotrope to improve the ophthalmology teaching effectiveness and evaluate the teaching value. METHODS: A 3D electric ophthalmotrope was designed by simulati...AIM: To develop a novel three-dimensional(3D) electric ophthalmotrope to improve the ophthalmology teaching effectiveness and evaluate the teaching value. METHODS: A 3D electric ophthalmotrope was designed by simulating the movement of the ocular and the extraocular muscles according to Sherrington’s law. The model with joint bearing was to ensure the flexibility and centripetal rotation of the simulated ball and stepper motor as the driving device. A programmable processor was used to control the motion amplitude of the stepper motor. The size of hole was set at the back of the simulated shell to limit the amount of eye movement. Afterwards, using a 5-point Likert scale, 7 experts evaluated the 3D electric ophthalmotrope’s simulation ability and precision, compared with the traditional anatomical model. In addition, the teaching effectiveness of the 3D electric ophthalmotrope was evaluated at in-class quiz and final exam in a randomized controlled trial. RESULTS: The 3D electric ophthalmotrope could be operated easily to demonstrate the eye movements with motion of different ocular muscles. The experts agreed that the 3D electric ophthalmotrope was different from the traditional model and was easier for students to understand every extraocular muscles’ movement in each evaluation index(P<0.05). Moreover, the results of teaching effectiveness showed that the 3D electric ophthalmotrope were significantly greater than the traditional model both at in-class quiz(P<0.01) and final exam(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This novel 3D electric ophthalmotrope is better than the traditional model, which can be to improve the ophthalmology teaching effectiveness for students to understand the extraocular muscles’ movement.展开更多
在城市地区进行隧道施工总是伴随着地表和次表层位移,可能会影响附近结构和公用设施的稳定性。在隧道分析和设计中,一个主要问题是支护系统和沉降系统施工后引起的地层位移。本研究采用离散元计算软件Universal Distinct Element Code(U...在城市地区进行隧道施工总是伴随着地表和次表层位移,可能会影响附近结构和公用设施的稳定性。在隧道分析和设计中,一个主要问题是支护系统和沉降系统施工后引起的地层位移。本研究采用离散元计算软件Universal Distinct Element Code(UDEC)建立了三维计算模型,模拟了天津地铁6号线地铁隧道的施工过程,分析了施工过程中的位移和应力动态响应。此外,还进行了现场测量地层位移的对比分析。结果表明,模拟客观地反映了施工过程中的位移规律。结果显示,在支护系统安装之前隧道是稳定的,隧道引起的位移是可接受的。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30901655)Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program (No.2018SF-230)
文摘AIM: To develop a novel three-dimensional(3D) electric ophthalmotrope to improve the ophthalmology teaching effectiveness and evaluate the teaching value. METHODS: A 3D electric ophthalmotrope was designed by simulating the movement of the ocular and the extraocular muscles according to Sherrington’s law. The model with joint bearing was to ensure the flexibility and centripetal rotation of the simulated ball and stepper motor as the driving device. A programmable processor was used to control the motion amplitude of the stepper motor. The size of hole was set at the back of the simulated shell to limit the amount of eye movement. Afterwards, using a 5-point Likert scale, 7 experts evaluated the 3D electric ophthalmotrope’s simulation ability and precision, compared with the traditional anatomical model. In addition, the teaching effectiveness of the 3D electric ophthalmotrope was evaluated at in-class quiz and final exam in a randomized controlled trial. RESULTS: The 3D electric ophthalmotrope could be operated easily to demonstrate the eye movements with motion of different ocular muscles. The experts agreed that the 3D electric ophthalmotrope was different from the traditional model and was easier for students to understand every extraocular muscles’ movement in each evaluation index(P<0.05). Moreover, the results of teaching effectiveness showed that the 3D electric ophthalmotrope were significantly greater than the traditional model both at in-class quiz(P<0.01) and final exam(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This novel 3D electric ophthalmotrope is better than the traditional model, which can be to improve the ophthalmology teaching effectiveness for students to understand the extraocular muscles’ movement.
文摘在城市地区进行隧道施工总是伴随着地表和次表层位移,可能会影响附近结构和公用设施的稳定性。在隧道分析和设计中,一个主要问题是支护系统和沉降系统施工后引起的地层位移。本研究采用离散元计算软件Universal Distinct Element Code(UDEC)建立了三维计算模型,模拟了天津地铁6号线地铁隧道的施工过程,分析了施工过程中的位移和应力动态响应。此外,还进行了现场测量地层位移的对比分析。结果表明,模拟客观地反映了施工过程中的位移规律。结果显示,在支护系统安装之前隧道是稳定的,隧道引起的位移是可接受的。
