Gastropods,as one of the most common invertebrates in shallow marine environments,were heavily impacted by the Permian–Triassic mass extinction(PTME),with severe loss of diversity and remarkable dwarfism of body size...Gastropods,as one of the most common invertebrates in shallow marine environments,were heavily impacted by the Permian–Triassic mass extinction(PTME),with severe loss of diversity and remarkable dwarfism of body size.Here,we report a new gastropod fauna from the Permian-Triassic carbonates of Zuodeng,Guangxi Province,South China.Five species belonging to five genera and two indeterminate taxa are identified.The Zuodeng fauna is dominated by Paleozoic holdover taxa,including Holopea teres,Protostylus sp.,and Wannerispira shangganensis although most of them are found in the basal Triassic microbialites.Three gastropod communities have been recognized by cluster analysis.Further morphological analyses show that the changing pattern of disparity,with diversity decreasing from communityⅡtoⅢ,fits the interior-reduction model.In addition,the morphospace of community in microbialites is higher than those in non-microbialite bearing beds at Zuodeng,shedding new light on the ecological role of microbialites during the Permian–Triassic environmental stress.展开更多
Mantodea(praying mantises)is a group of exclusively predatory insects,which,together with nonraptorial blattodeans(cockroaches and termites)and groups exclusively found in the fossil record,form the group Dictyoptera....Mantodea(praying mantises)is a group of exclusively predatory insects,which,together with nonraptorial blattodeans(cockroaches and termites)and groups exclusively found in the fossil record,form the group Dictyoptera.A central characteristic of Mantodea is the specialization of their first pair of legs as raptorial grasping appendages,but the evolution from walking to raptorial legs is not yet fully understood.Here,we trace the evolution of the raptorial appendages in Dictyoptera through time using a morphometric(morphospaces)approach.We also describe two new mantodean nymphs preserved in amber from the Cretaceous and Eocene,which expand the scarce mantodean fossil record.Blattodean and mantodean appendages appear distinct in morphospace,but several appendages of fossil non-mantodeans can be considered raptorial,providing a potential transitional link between walking and raptorial morphotypes.Therefore,we discuss potential mantodean affinities for other predatory fossil dictyopterans.We examine changes across extant mantodeans,characterized by a straightening of the tibia especially associated with the rise of the diversification of the Mantidea and discuss whether a thickening of the femur could reflect an early adaptation to cursorial hunting.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41730320,42030513)。
文摘Gastropods,as one of the most common invertebrates in shallow marine environments,were heavily impacted by the Permian–Triassic mass extinction(PTME),with severe loss of diversity and remarkable dwarfism of body size.Here,we report a new gastropod fauna from the Permian-Triassic carbonates of Zuodeng,Guangxi Province,South China.Five species belonging to five genera and two indeterminate taxa are identified.The Zuodeng fauna is dominated by Paleozoic holdover taxa,including Holopea teres,Protostylus sp.,and Wannerispira shangganensis although most of them are found in the basal Triassic microbialites.Three gastropod communities have been recognized by cluster analysis.Further morphological analyses show that the changing pattern of disparity,with diversity decreasing from communityⅡtoⅢ,fits the interior-reduction model.In addition,the morphospace of community in microbialites is higher than those in non-microbialite bearing beds at Zuodeng,shedding new light on the ecological role of microbialites during the Permian–Triassic environmental stress.
基金support in the frame of a Lichtenberg professorship and the German Research Foundation(DFG HA 6300/6-1)performed at the Imaging Center of the Department of Biology,University of Greifswald(DFG INST 292/119-1 FUGGDFG INST 292/120-1 FUGG).
文摘Mantodea(praying mantises)is a group of exclusively predatory insects,which,together with nonraptorial blattodeans(cockroaches and termites)and groups exclusively found in the fossil record,form the group Dictyoptera.A central characteristic of Mantodea is the specialization of their first pair of legs as raptorial grasping appendages,but the evolution from walking to raptorial legs is not yet fully understood.Here,we trace the evolution of the raptorial appendages in Dictyoptera through time using a morphometric(morphospaces)approach.We also describe two new mantodean nymphs preserved in amber from the Cretaceous and Eocene,which expand the scarce mantodean fossil record.Blattodean and mantodean appendages appear distinct in morphospace,but several appendages of fossil non-mantodeans can be considered raptorial,providing a potential transitional link between walking and raptorial morphotypes.Therefore,we discuss potential mantodean affinities for other predatory fossil dictyopterans.We examine changes across extant mantodeans,characterized by a straightening of the tibia especially associated with the rise of the diversification of the Mantidea and discuss whether a thickening of the femur could reflect an early adaptation to cursorial hunting.
