目的以聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸(poly-lactide-co-glycolide,PLGA)为载体,探讨重组人骨形成蛋白2(recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein2,rhBMP-2)在关节软骨修复方面的作用及可行性。方法将PLGA制成直径4mm,厚3mm的圆柱形,与rhBMP-...目的以聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸(poly-lactide-co-glycolide,PLGA)为载体,探讨重组人骨形成蛋白2(recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein2,rhBMP-2)在关节软骨修复方面的作用及可行性。方法将PLGA制成直径4mm,厚3mm的圆柱形,与rhBMP-2复合(0.5mg/块),制备PLGA-rhBMP-2复合物。选取2月龄新西兰兔,抽取骨髓行原代及传代培养,调整细胞密度为2×107/ml,与PLGA共培养24h,制备PLGA-细胞复合物。另取2月龄新西兰兔72只,于双侧髌股关节股骨髁部制备直径4mm、深达髓腔的缺损。其中36只兔右侧缺损处植入PLGA-rhBMP-2复合物,为实验组;左侧植入PLGA,为单纯载体组;另36只兔左侧缺损不作任何处理,为空白对照组,右侧缺损处植入PLGA-细胞复合物,作为细胞组。术后4、8、12、24、36和48周取材,行大体、组织学观察以及组织学评分。结果术后动物均存活。术后4周,实验组和细胞组缺损内被半透明组织填充,触之柔软,表面较光滑,软骨细胞周围基质异染弱,新生软骨厚度较正常软骨厚;空白对照组和单纯载体组未见明显组织形成。8周,实验组和细胞组内新生组织呈白色,半透明,质较韧,表面平整,与周围正常软骨界限模糊;新生软骨细胞分布均一,但仍较正常软骨厚,PLGA已大部分降解,仅遗留少量颗粒;单纯载体组和空白对照组缺损明显,底部形成少量白色膜状组织。12、24周,实验组和细胞组缺损内完全充填白色半透明新生软骨组织,质韧,表面平整,与正常软骨界限消失,厚度接近正常软骨,与正常软骨连接良好,表面细胞平行排列,深层有纵向排列的倾向,呈团状,陷窝形成,但有别于正常软骨细胞;单纯载体组和空白对照组缺损边缘及底部形成少量软骨细胞,大部分为纤维组织。36、48周,实验组和细胞组新生软骨组织色稍发白,表面连续,欠平整,与正常软骨界限消失,未见滑膜增生;新生软骨厚度较正常软骨薄,软骨细胞周围基质异染较弱;单纯载体组及空白对照组缺损仍存在,但较以前缩小,基底形成纤维组织,髁部可见部分软骨面不平整、剥脱,部分软骨下骨外露,滑膜增厚。组织学评分,实验组和细胞组术后12、24周分别与4、8和48周比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);各时间点实验组、细胞组分别与单纯载体组和空白对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),实验组与细胞组在各时间点比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论PLGA-rhBMP-2复合物在降解过程中释放出rhBMP-2,rhBMP-2作用于缺损局部的骨髓基质细胞,诱导其向软骨细胞分化,从而修复软骨缺损;此方法简便易行,有实用价值,有望成为治疗软骨缺损的一种新方法。展开更多
Objective: Irradiation may enhance migration and/or invasiveness of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, the mechanism of which may be associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The present study explored ...Objective: Irradiation may enhance migration and/or invasiveness of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, the mechanism of which may be associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The present study explored the mechanisms of EMT induced by irradiation in esophageal cancer cells. Methods: Human esophageal cancer cell line EC109 was treated with increased doses of irradiation (0 Gy, 20 Gy, 40 Gy and 60 Gy). Cell morphology was observed. Expressions of E-cadherin and vimentin were determined by immunofluorescence assay or western blot. Secretion of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) by cells was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expressions of Smad2/3 and phosphorated Smad2 (p-Smad2) were also examined by Western blot. The mRNA expressions of BMP-4, a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ligand, and two secreted BMP antagonists (Chordin and Gremlin), were detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cell migratory capacity was evaluated. Results: Irradiation induced EMT in EC109 cells in a dose-dependent manner as evidenced by morphological changes, decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased expression of vimentin, and increased cell motility. The secretion of TGF-β1 and expression of p-Smad2 were gradually increased in an irradiation dose-dependent manner, but the Smad2/3 protein levels remained stable. The mRNA expression of BMP-4 was gradually down-regulated, but the expressions of Chordin and Gremlin were gradually up-regulated in cells treated with increased doses of irradiation. Conclusion: Irradiation can induce EMT in esophageal cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the mechanism may be associated with activation of TGF-β and restriction of BMP signaling.展开更多
文摘目的以聚乳酸/聚羟基乙酸(poly-lactide-co-glycolide,PLGA)为载体,探讨重组人骨形成蛋白2(recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein2,rhBMP-2)在关节软骨修复方面的作用及可行性。方法将PLGA制成直径4mm,厚3mm的圆柱形,与rhBMP-2复合(0.5mg/块),制备PLGA-rhBMP-2复合物。选取2月龄新西兰兔,抽取骨髓行原代及传代培养,调整细胞密度为2×107/ml,与PLGA共培养24h,制备PLGA-细胞复合物。另取2月龄新西兰兔72只,于双侧髌股关节股骨髁部制备直径4mm、深达髓腔的缺损。其中36只兔右侧缺损处植入PLGA-rhBMP-2复合物,为实验组;左侧植入PLGA,为单纯载体组;另36只兔左侧缺损不作任何处理,为空白对照组,右侧缺损处植入PLGA-细胞复合物,作为细胞组。术后4、8、12、24、36和48周取材,行大体、组织学观察以及组织学评分。结果术后动物均存活。术后4周,实验组和细胞组缺损内被半透明组织填充,触之柔软,表面较光滑,软骨细胞周围基质异染弱,新生软骨厚度较正常软骨厚;空白对照组和单纯载体组未见明显组织形成。8周,实验组和细胞组内新生组织呈白色,半透明,质较韧,表面平整,与周围正常软骨界限模糊;新生软骨细胞分布均一,但仍较正常软骨厚,PLGA已大部分降解,仅遗留少量颗粒;单纯载体组和空白对照组缺损明显,底部形成少量白色膜状组织。12、24周,实验组和细胞组缺损内完全充填白色半透明新生软骨组织,质韧,表面平整,与正常软骨界限消失,厚度接近正常软骨,与正常软骨连接良好,表面细胞平行排列,深层有纵向排列的倾向,呈团状,陷窝形成,但有别于正常软骨细胞;单纯载体组和空白对照组缺损边缘及底部形成少量软骨细胞,大部分为纤维组织。36、48周,实验组和细胞组新生软骨组织色稍发白,表面连续,欠平整,与正常软骨界限消失,未见滑膜增生;新生软骨厚度较正常软骨薄,软骨细胞周围基质异染较弱;单纯载体组及空白对照组缺损仍存在,但较以前缩小,基底形成纤维组织,髁部可见部分软骨面不平整、剥脱,部分软骨下骨外露,滑膜增厚。组织学评分,实验组和细胞组术后12、24周分别与4、8和48周比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);各时间点实验组、细胞组分别与单纯载体组和空白对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),实验组与细胞组在各时间点比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论PLGA-rhBMP-2复合物在降解过程中释放出rhBMP-2,rhBMP-2作用于缺损局部的骨髓基质细胞,诱导其向软骨细胞分化,从而修复软骨缺损;此方法简便易行,有实用价值,有望成为治疗软骨缺损的一种新方法。
基金supported by a grant from the Huai'an City Science and Technology Support Program (Social Development) (No. HAS 2010010)
文摘Objective: Irradiation may enhance migration and/or invasiveness of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, the mechanism of which may be associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The present study explored the mechanisms of EMT induced by irradiation in esophageal cancer cells. Methods: Human esophageal cancer cell line EC109 was treated with increased doses of irradiation (0 Gy, 20 Gy, 40 Gy and 60 Gy). Cell morphology was observed. Expressions of E-cadherin and vimentin were determined by immunofluorescence assay or western blot. Secretion of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) by cells was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expressions of Smad2/3 and phosphorated Smad2 (p-Smad2) were also examined by Western blot. The mRNA expressions of BMP-4, a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ligand, and two secreted BMP antagonists (Chordin and Gremlin), were detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cell migratory capacity was evaluated. Results: Irradiation induced EMT in EC109 cells in a dose-dependent manner as evidenced by morphological changes, decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased expression of vimentin, and increased cell motility. The secretion of TGF-β1 and expression of p-Smad2 were gradually increased in an irradiation dose-dependent manner, but the Smad2/3 protein levels remained stable. The mRNA expression of BMP-4 was gradually down-regulated, but the expressions of Chordin and Gremlin were gradually up-regulated in cells treated with increased doses of irradiation. Conclusion: Irradiation can induce EMT in esophageal cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the mechanism may be associated with activation of TGF-β and restriction of BMP signaling.
