This paper presents the structure and contents of a standardized layered classification system of digital geomorphology for China.This digital classification method combines landforms characteristics of morphology wit...This paper presents the structure and contents of a standardized layered classification system of digital geomorphology for China.This digital classification method combines landforms characteristics of morphology with genesis.A total of 15 categories of exogenic and endogenic forces are divided into two broad categories：morpho-genetic and morpho-structural landforms.Polygon patches are used to manage the morpho-genetic types,and solitary points,lines and polygons are used to manage the morpho-structural types.The classification method of digital morpho-genetic types can be divided into seven layers,i.e.basic morphology and altitude,genesis,sub-genesis,morphology,micro-morphology,slope and aspect,material and lithology.The method proposes combinations of matrix forms based on layered indicators.The attributes of every landform types are obtained from all or some of the seven layers.For the 15 forces categories,some classification indicators and calculation methods are presented for the basic morphology,the morphologic and sub-morphologic landforms of the morpho-genetic types.The solitary polygon,linear and point types of morpho-structural landforms are presented respectively.The layered classification method can meet the demands of scale-span geomorphologic mapping for the national primary scales from 1：500,000 to 1：1,000,000.The layers serve as classification indicators,and therefore can be added and reduced according to mapping demands,providing flexible expandability.展开更多
M orpho蝴蝶结构显色是结构显色研究中最热门的分支之一,其显色原理主要在于物理光学作用。根据M orpho蝴蝶的表皮微结构,建立了计算模型;利用时域有限差分方法(fin ite d ifference tim e dom a in m ethodFDTD)对结构模型在自然光照...M orpho蝴蝶结构显色是结构显色研究中最热门的分支之一,其显色原理主要在于物理光学作用。根据M orpho蝴蝶的表皮微结构,建立了计算模型;利用时域有限差分方法(fin ite d ifference tim e dom a in m ethodFDTD)对结构模型在自然光照射下的结构显色特性进行计算,根据计算结果分析了M orpho蝴蝶的颜色之谜,揭示了其结构显色的原理。计算分析结果与观察结果完全吻合,说明研究方法具有可行性。展开更多
The use of nitrogen(N)-efficient rice(Oryza sativa L.) varieties could reduce excessive N input without sacrificing yields. However, the plant traits associated with N-efficient rice varieties have not been fully defi...The use of nitrogen(N)-efficient rice(Oryza sativa L.) varieties could reduce excessive N input without sacrificing yields. However, the plant traits associated with N-efficient rice varieties have not been fully defined or comprehensively explored. Here, three japonica N-efficient varieties(NEVs) and three japonica N-inefficient varieties(NIVs) of rice were grown in a paddy field under N omission(0 N, 0 kg N ha^(-1)) and normal N(NN, 180 or 200 kg N ha^(-1)) treatments. Results showed that NEVs exhibited higher grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) than NIVs under both treatments, due to improved sink size and filled-grains percentage in the former which had higher root oxidation activity and greater root dry weight, root length and root diameter at panicle initiation(PI), as well as higher spikelet-leaf ratio and more productive tillers during the grain-filling stage. Compared with NIVs, NEVs also exhibited enhanced N translocation and dry matter accumulation after heading and improved flag leaf morpho-physiological traits, including greater leaf thickness and specific leaf weight and higher contents of ribulose^(-1),5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, chlorophyll, nitrogen, and soluble sugars, leading to better photosynthetic performance. Additionally, NEVs had a better canopy structure, as reflected by a higher ratio of the extinction coefficient for effective leaf N to the light extinction coefficient, leading to enhanced canopy photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation. These improved agronomic and physiological traits were positively and significantly correlated with grain yield and internal NUE, which could be used to select and breed N-efficient rice varieties.展开更多
The phenotypir characteristies of the phs trees of Larix principis ruppre chtii such as stem form,branch angk,branch/stem ratio,bra nch density,the crowmn width,crown leng th,number of short branch over 5-cm branch se...The phenotypir characteristies of the phs trees of Larix principis ruppre chtii such as stem form,branch angk,branch/stem ratio,bra nch density,the crowmn width,crown leng th,number of short branch over 5-cm branch se gment in length,and the leaf number of each short branch were investigated in seed orchard in the Changcheng Mountain,Shaanxi Province.According to the morphological characteis,the phs tree clones of Lanix principis-rupprechti were classified into 4 natual types:the narrow-dense-crown type,wide-dense-crown type,wide-sparse-ciown type,and the narow-spase-crown type.The re sult ofthe cluster analysis showed there was a very significant difference in tree growth among the four na turaltypes.Whie comparingthe tree growth of four na twral types for the last ten yeas,it was found that the performance order ofvanious types fiom good toba d i as folbws:the narrow-dense crown type the wide-dense crown type the wide-spase crown type the narow-spasecrown type.The plus trees of narrow-dense-ciown,as a fine type,should be paid great attention to production and pre pared topo pula nize.展开更多
Objective:To study morpho-anatomical characters and physicochemical analysis of Fumaria indica(F.indica)(Hausskn.)Pugsley,(Fumariaceae),an important medicinal plant used extensively for treating a variety of ailments ...Objective:To study morpho-anatomical characters and physicochemical analysis of Fumaria indica(F.indica)(Hausskn.)Pugsley,(Fumariaceae),an important medicinal plant used extensively for treating a variety of ailments in various system of indigenous medicine.Methods:Evaluation of the different parts of the plant was carried out to determine the morphoanatomical,physicochemical,phytochemical and HPTLC fingerprinting profile of F.indica and other WHO recommended methods were performed for standardization.Results:Morphoanatomical studies showed compound and pinnatifid leaf,4 to 6 cm in length,linear and oblong in shape and anomocytic arrangement of stomata,thin walled parenchymatous cells,scattered,sclerenchymatous,capped vascular bundles and radiating medullary rays.Physicochemical studies showed foreign matter 0.2%,loss on drying 6.8%,total ash 16.77%,alcohol and water soluble extractives 8.92%and 20.26%,respectively,sugar 17.75%,starch 22.97%and tannins 2.37%.Phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of carbohydrate,alkaloids,flavonoids,saponins,tannins and sterol.Thin layer chromatography was carried out with different solvents and the best solvent system was chloroform and methanol in 80:20 ratio and revealed 12 spots with different R_f value under UV light 366λ.Conclusions:The results of the study can serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for identification of this plant material for future investigations and applications.展开更多
The majority of rice(Oryza sativa L.) produced in the southern USA is drill-seeded and grown under upland-like conditions because permanent flooding is established after the four-leaf stage. Therefore, rice during the...The majority of rice(Oryza sativa L.) produced in the southern USA is drill-seeded and grown under upland-like conditions because permanent flooding is established after the four-leaf stage. Therefore, rice during the seedling growth stage will be subjected to variable soil moisture content. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of 15 rice cultivars commonly grown in Mississippi of USA under early-season soil moisture stress. Twenty morpho-physiological parameters of rice seedlings subjected to three different levels(100%, 66% and 33% field capacity) of soil moisture, from 10 to 30 d after sowing, were measured. Significant moisture stress × treatment interaction(P < 0.001) was observed for most of the parameters. Further, the total drought response index(TDRI) was developed to score the cultivars for drought tolerance with the variation from 26.88 to 36.21. Accordingly, the cultivars were classified into different groups of tolerance. The cultivars CL152 and CL142-AR were classified as the least and the most tolerant to drought based on TDRI and standard deviation, respectively. Even though both total root(R^2 = 0.98) or shoot(R^2 = 0.76) drought responses indices were positively correlated with TDRI, root traits were important in deriving the indices. Therefore, TDRI could be used to select cultivars for drought tolerance in a given environment and develop rice varieties with early-season drought tolerance. However, further research is needed to identify and characterize tolerance at other stages to assist breeding programs in rice.展开更多
Drought and salinity are the most widespread soil problems, posing a big threat to food security in rice growing regions. The present study evaluated the performance of eleven rice genotypes using morphological and ph...Drought and salinity are the most widespread soil problems, posing a big threat to food security in rice growing regions. The present study evaluated the performance of eleven rice genotypes using morphological and physiological parameters, under induced drought and salinity conditions. The seedlings were raised in 5 kg of homogenous soil in plastic bags in the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">greenhouse</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. For the drought experiment, each bag was watered with 200 ml of water twice daily until plants reached the five-leaf stage when watering was suspended for 2 weeks for the drought stressed plants but not suspended for the control plants. The experiment was a 2 × 11 factorial and the set up was arranged using the completely randomized design with three replications. Data were taken on Plant height, Number of tillers, leaf length, Number of green leaves, Number of dead leaves, Leaf rolling score (LRS) and Rate of water loss. The salinity experiment was set up in a similar manner except that the plants were irrigated twice a day for 2 weeks with 200 ml of treatment solution containing either 0 mM NaCl or 75 mM and data were collected on plant height, number of tillers, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, Na</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">+</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and K</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">+</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> concentrations, relative water content and chlorophyll content. Data from both experiments were subjected to Analysis of variance test using the GenStat software 10</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> edition and the means separated using least significant difference test. Individual stress response index (ISRI) was calculated for each parameter and the means used in grouping the varieties. Of the genotypes evaluated, four (FARO 44, NERICA 2, NERICA 8 and NERICA 5) were identified as tolerant, two (NERICA 4 and FARO 57) as moderately tolerant, while the rest were found to be sensitive to drought. Equally, two varieties (FARO 44 and RAM 137) stood out in the salinity screening as tolerant varieties, five were moderately tolerant while four (FARO 64, FARO 52, NERICA 2 and FARO 55) were clearly susceptible. FARO 44 is the only genotype that </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">showed </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tolerance</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to both drought and salinity. The identified drought and salinity tolerant rice genotypes from this study can be recommended as genetic sources for future breeding programs for drought and salinity </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tolerance</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in rice.展开更多
Salivary glands provide saliva to maintain oral health, and a loss of salivary gland function substantially decreases quality-of-life. Understanding the biological mechanisms that generate salivary glands during embry...Salivary glands provide saliva to maintain oral health, and a loss of salivary gland function substantially decreases quality-of-life. Understanding the biological mechanisms that generate salivary glands during embryonic development may identify novel ways to regenerate function or design artificial salivary glands. This review article summarizes current research on the process of branchingmorphogenesis of salivary glands, which creates gland structure during development. We highlight exciting new advances and opportunities in studies of cell-cell interactions, mechanical forces, growth factors, and gene expression patterns to improve our understanding of this important process.展开更多
Most plants demonstrate</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">wide interactive and complex adaptive morphological, biochemical<...Most plants demonstrate</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">wide interactive and complex adaptive morphological, biochemical</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and physiological responses when subjected to salinity stress. Salt stress negatively impacts agricultural yields more especially cultivated crops throughout the world. Of interest to this study is maize a salt-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sensitive crop that is widely grown worldwide, and receiving most attention due to its significant attributes and ability to serve as a great model for stress response studies. We exposed QN701 maize cultivar, to</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">simulated salinity stress and investigated its morphological and physiological responses. Salinity negatively induced various morphological responses such as the reduction in plant height, number of leaves, shoot and root (length and biomass)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and leaf width;however, it significantly increased the leaf area. On the physiological aspect, salt stress decreased the number of stomata, stomatal density</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and photosynthesis, while it increased the respiration rate. This study expanded our knowledge o</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">f</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the morphological and physiological responses of maize to salinity stress. Additionally, these findings may serve as a recommendation for salinity breeding programs in maize and related cereal crops.展开更多
Background: Low back pain is a real public health problem. Lots of studies have been done about it, but not in midwives group. The latter seem to be exposed to low back pain due to morphological, physical and psycho-s...Background: Low back pain is a real public health problem. Lots of studies have been done about it, but not in midwives group. The latter seem to be exposed to low back pain due to morphological, physical and psycho-social factors. We therefore study the place of these factors in the occurrence of low back pain in midwives. Method: Prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study, it is done with 102 midwives of university hospitals in Benin. They were interviewed and examined. An eventual link with their history of low back pain, for at least 3 months during the last 12 months before the study, was checked to their morphological aspects (spinal curvatures, BMI), physical examinations data (strength and muscular flexibility) and psycho-social factors (relationship with colleagues and either, stress, ...). The effect of these factors was assessed using relative risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval. Results: Different morpho-physical and psychosocial disturbances were observed in midwives. 81% had a history of low back pain. The latter have a statistically significant relationship with the different factors studied. These were mostly exposure factors, but poor midwife relationship with their hierarchical superiors was a protective factor (RR = 0.69 and p = 0.0106). Discussion-Conclusion: In Benin, health workers and especially midwives are very exposed to low back pain. The latter are often associated with different morphological, physical and psycho-social disturbances. The knowledge of those parameters is interesting to reduce this high prevalence of low back pain in midwives.展开更多
The label text is a very important tool for the automatic processing of language. It is used in several applications such as morphological and syntactic text analysis, index-ing, retrieval, finished networks determini...The label text is a very important tool for the automatic processing of language. It is used in several applications such as morphological and syntactic text analysis, index-ing, retrieval, finished networks deterministic (in which all combinations of words that are accepted by the grammar are listed) or by statistical grammars (e.g., an n-gram in which the probabilities of sequences of n words in a specific order are given), etc. In this article, we developed a morphosyntactic labeling system language “Baoule” using hidden Markov models. This will allow us to build a tagged reference corpus and rep-resent major grammatical rules faced “Baoule” language in general. To estimate the parameters of this model, we used a training corpus manually labeled using a set of morpho-syntactic labels. We then proceed to an improvement of the system through the re-estimation procedure parameters of this model.展开更多
The surge in demand for cost-effective,lightweight,and rapidly responsive sensors has propelled research in various fields,and traditional sensors face limitations in performing up to the mark due to their intrinsic p...The surge in demand for cost-effective,lightweight,and rapidly responsive sensors has propelled research in various fields,and traditional sensors face limitations in performing up to the mark due to their intrinsic properties and a lack of innovative fabrication techniques.Consequently,over the last decade,a notable shift has been toward harnessing naturally existing nanostructures to develop efficient and versatile sensing devices.One such nanostructure in morpho butterfly wings has attracted attention because of its vibrant uniqueness and diverse sensing properties.This review will explore recent interdisciplinary research endeavors on the nanostructure,including chemical,vapor,and acoustic detection.Furthermore,its potential as an infrared sensor,considerations related to heat transfer properties,and a brief overview of various replication techniques and challenges encountered in reproducing the intricate nanostructure are discussed.展开更多
基金Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40871177 No.40830529 No.40971063
文摘This paper presents the structure and contents of a standardized layered classification system of digital geomorphology for China.This digital classification method combines landforms characteristics of morphology with genesis.A total of 15 categories of exogenic and endogenic forces are divided into two broad categories：morpho-genetic and morpho-structural landforms.Polygon patches are used to manage the morpho-genetic types,and solitary points,lines and polygons are used to manage the morpho-structural types.The classification method of digital morpho-genetic types can be divided into seven layers,i.e.basic morphology and altitude,genesis,sub-genesis,morphology,micro-morphology,slope and aspect,material and lithology.The method proposes combinations of matrix forms based on layered indicators.The attributes of every landform types are obtained from all or some of the seven layers.For the 15 forces categories,some classification indicators and calculation methods are presented for the basic morphology,the morphologic and sub-morphologic landforms of the morpho-genetic types.The solitary polygon,linear and point types of morpho-structural landforms are presented respectively.The layered classification method can meet the demands of scale-span geomorphologic mapping for the national primary scales from 1：500,000 to 1：1,000,000.The layers serve as classification indicators,and therefore can be added and reduced according to mapping demands,providing flexible expandability.
文摘M orpho蝴蝶结构显色是结构显色研究中最热门的分支之一,其显色原理主要在于物理光学作用。根据M orpho蝴蝶的表皮微结构,建立了计算模型;利用时域有限差分方法(fin ite d ifference tim e dom a in m ethodFDTD)对结构模型在自然光照射下的结构显色特性进行计算,根据计算结果分析了M orpho蝴蝶的颜色之谜,揭示了其结构显色的原理。计算分析结果与观察结果完全吻合,说明研究方法具有可行性。
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071843,31901444 and 31901445)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300206-4 and 2018YFD0300800)+3 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(PAPD)the Top Talent Supporting Program of Yangzhou University,China(2015-01)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20190880)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(19KJB210019)。
文摘The use of nitrogen(N)-efficient rice(Oryza sativa L.) varieties could reduce excessive N input without sacrificing yields. However, the plant traits associated with N-efficient rice varieties have not been fully defined or comprehensively explored. Here, three japonica N-efficient varieties(NEVs) and three japonica N-inefficient varieties(NIVs) of rice were grown in a paddy field under N omission(0 N, 0 kg N ha^(-1)) and normal N(NN, 180 or 200 kg N ha^(-1)) treatments. Results showed that NEVs exhibited higher grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) than NIVs under both treatments, due to improved sink size and filled-grains percentage in the former which had higher root oxidation activity and greater root dry weight, root length and root diameter at panicle initiation(PI), as well as higher spikelet-leaf ratio and more productive tillers during the grain-filling stage. Compared with NIVs, NEVs also exhibited enhanced N translocation and dry matter accumulation after heading and improved flag leaf morpho-physiological traits, including greater leaf thickness and specific leaf weight and higher contents of ribulose^(-1),5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, chlorophyll, nitrogen, and soluble sugars, leading to better photosynthetic performance. Additionally, NEVs had a better canopy structure, as reflected by a higher ratio of the extinction coefficient for effective leaf N to the light extinction coefficient, leading to enhanced canopy photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation. These improved agronomic and physiological traits were positively and significantly correlated with grain yield and internal NUE, which could be used to select and breed N-efficient rice varieties.
文摘The phenotypir characteristies of the phs trees of Larix principis ruppre chtii such as stem form,branch angk,branch/stem ratio,bra nch density,the crowmn width,crown leng th,number of short branch over 5-cm branch se gment in length,and the leaf number of each short branch were investigated in seed orchard in the Changcheng Mountain,Shaanxi Province.According to the morphological characteis,the phs tree clones of Lanix principis-rupprechti were classified into 4 natual types:the narrow-dense-crown type,wide-dense-crown type,wide-sparse-ciown type,and the narow-spase-crown type.The re sult ofthe cluster analysis showed there was a very significant difference in tree growth among the four na turaltypes.Whie comparingthe tree growth of four na twral types for the last ten yeas,it was found that the performance order ofvanious types fiom good toba d i as folbws:the narrow-dense crown type the wide-dense crown type the wide-spase crown type the narow-spasecrown type.The plus trees of narrow-dense-ciown,as a fine type,should be paid great attention to production and pre pared topo pula nize.
文摘Objective:To study morpho-anatomical characters and physicochemical analysis of Fumaria indica(F.indica)(Hausskn.)Pugsley,(Fumariaceae),an important medicinal plant used extensively for treating a variety of ailments in various system of indigenous medicine.Methods:Evaluation of the different parts of the plant was carried out to determine the morphoanatomical,physicochemical,phytochemical and HPTLC fingerprinting profile of F.indica and other WHO recommended methods were performed for standardization.Results:Morphoanatomical studies showed compound and pinnatifid leaf,4 to 6 cm in length,linear and oblong in shape and anomocytic arrangement of stomata,thin walled parenchymatous cells,scattered,sclerenchymatous,capped vascular bundles and radiating medullary rays.Physicochemical studies showed foreign matter 0.2%,loss on drying 6.8%,total ash 16.77%,alcohol and water soluble extractives 8.92%and 20.26%,respectively,sugar 17.75%,starch 22.97%and tannins 2.37%.Phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of carbohydrate,alkaloids,flavonoids,saponins,tannins and sterol.Thin layer chromatography was carried out with different solvents and the best solvent system was chloroform and methanol in 80:20 ratio and revealed 12 spots with different R_f value under UV light 366λ.Conclusions:The results of the study can serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for identification of this plant material for future investigations and applications.
基金funded by Mississippi Rice Promotion Board and United States Department of AgricultureNational Institute of Food and Agriculture(USDA-NIFA,Grant No.2013-34263-20931)sub-award to Mississippi State University(Grant No.G-7799-2)
文摘The majority of rice(Oryza sativa L.) produced in the southern USA is drill-seeded and grown under upland-like conditions because permanent flooding is established after the four-leaf stage. Therefore, rice during the seedling growth stage will be subjected to variable soil moisture content. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of 15 rice cultivars commonly grown in Mississippi of USA under early-season soil moisture stress. Twenty morpho-physiological parameters of rice seedlings subjected to three different levels(100%, 66% and 33% field capacity) of soil moisture, from 10 to 30 d after sowing, were measured. Significant moisture stress × treatment interaction(P < 0.001) was observed for most of the parameters. Further, the total drought response index(TDRI) was developed to score the cultivars for drought tolerance with the variation from 26.88 to 36.21. Accordingly, the cultivars were classified into different groups of tolerance. The cultivars CL152 and CL142-AR were classified as the least and the most tolerant to drought based on TDRI and standard deviation, respectively. Even though both total root(R^2 = 0.98) or shoot(R^2 = 0.76) drought responses indices were positively correlated with TDRI, root traits were important in deriving the indices. Therefore, TDRI could be used to select cultivars for drought tolerance in a given environment and develop rice varieties with early-season drought tolerance. However, further research is needed to identify and characterize tolerance at other stages to assist breeding programs in rice.
文摘Drought and salinity are the most widespread soil problems, posing a big threat to food security in rice growing regions. The present study evaluated the performance of eleven rice genotypes using morphological and physiological parameters, under induced drought and salinity conditions. The seedlings were raised in 5 kg of homogenous soil in plastic bags in the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">greenhouse</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. For the drought experiment, each bag was watered with 200 ml of water twice daily until plants reached the five-leaf stage when watering was suspended for 2 weeks for the drought stressed plants but not suspended for the control plants. The experiment was a 2 × 11 factorial and the set up was arranged using the completely randomized design with three replications. Data were taken on Plant height, Number of tillers, leaf length, Number of green leaves, Number of dead leaves, Leaf rolling score (LRS) and Rate of water loss. The salinity experiment was set up in a similar manner except that the plants were irrigated twice a day for 2 weeks with 200 ml of treatment solution containing either 0 mM NaCl or 75 mM and data were collected on plant height, number of tillers, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, Na</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">+</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and K</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">+</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> concentrations, relative water content and chlorophyll content. Data from both experiments were subjected to Analysis of variance test using the GenStat software 10</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> edition and the means separated using least significant difference test. Individual stress response index (ISRI) was calculated for each parameter and the means used in grouping the varieties. Of the genotypes evaluated, four (FARO 44, NERICA 2, NERICA 8 and NERICA 5) were identified as tolerant, two (NERICA 4 and FARO 57) as moderately tolerant, while the rest were found to be sensitive to drought. Equally, two varieties (FARO 44 and RAM 137) stood out in the salinity screening as tolerant varieties, five were moderately tolerant while four (FARO 64, FARO 52, NERICA 2 and FARO 55) were clearly susceptible. FARO 44 is the only genotype that </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">showed </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tolerance</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to both drought and salinity. The identified drought and salinity tolerant rice genotypes from this study can be recommended as genetic sources for future breeding programs for drought and salinity </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tolerance</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in rice.
基金Supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research,NIH
文摘Salivary glands provide saliva to maintain oral health, and a loss of salivary gland function substantially decreases quality-of-life. Understanding the biological mechanisms that generate salivary glands during embryonic development may identify novel ways to regenerate function or design artificial salivary glands. This review article summarizes current research on the process of branchingmorphogenesis of salivary glands, which creates gland structure during development. We highlight exciting new advances and opportunities in studies of cell-cell interactions, mechanical forces, growth factors, and gene expression patterns to improve our understanding of this important process.
文摘Most plants demonstrate</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">wide interactive and complex adaptive morphological, biochemical</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and physiological responses when subjected to salinity stress. Salt stress negatively impacts agricultural yields more especially cultivated crops throughout the world. Of interest to this study is maize a salt-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sensitive crop that is widely grown worldwide, and receiving most attention due to its significant attributes and ability to serve as a great model for stress response studies. We exposed QN701 maize cultivar, to</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">simulated salinity stress and investigated its morphological and physiological responses. Salinity negatively induced various morphological responses such as the reduction in plant height, number of leaves, shoot and root (length and biomass)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and leaf width;however, it significantly increased the leaf area. On the physiological aspect, salt stress decreased the number of stomata, stomatal density</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and photosynthesis, while it increased the respiration rate. This study expanded our knowledge o</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">f</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the morphological and physiological responses of maize to salinity stress. Additionally, these findings may serve as a recommendation for salinity breeding programs in maize and related cereal crops.
文摘Background: Low back pain is a real public health problem. Lots of studies have been done about it, but not in midwives group. The latter seem to be exposed to low back pain due to morphological, physical and psycho-social factors. We therefore study the place of these factors in the occurrence of low back pain in midwives. Method: Prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study, it is done with 102 midwives of university hospitals in Benin. They were interviewed and examined. An eventual link with their history of low back pain, for at least 3 months during the last 12 months before the study, was checked to their morphological aspects (spinal curvatures, BMI), physical examinations data (strength and muscular flexibility) and psycho-social factors (relationship with colleagues and either, stress, ...). The effect of these factors was assessed using relative risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval. Results: Different morpho-physical and psychosocial disturbances were observed in midwives. 81% had a history of low back pain. The latter have a statistically significant relationship with the different factors studied. These were mostly exposure factors, but poor midwife relationship with their hierarchical superiors was a protective factor (RR = 0.69 and p = 0.0106). Discussion-Conclusion: In Benin, health workers and especially midwives are very exposed to low back pain. The latter are often associated with different morphological, physical and psycho-social disturbances. The knowledge of those parameters is interesting to reduce this high prevalence of low back pain in midwives.
文摘The label text is a very important tool for the automatic processing of language. It is used in several applications such as morphological and syntactic text analysis, index-ing, retrieval, finished networks deterministic (in which all combinations of words that are accepted by the grammar are listed) or by statistical grammars (e.g., an n-gram in which the probabilities of sequences of n words in a specific order are given), etc. In this article, we developed a morphosyntactic labeling system language “Baoule” using hidden Markov models. This will allow us to build a tagged reference corpus and rep-resent major grammatical rules faced “Baoule” language in general. To estimate the parameters of this model, we used a training corpus manually labeled using a set of morpho-syntactic labels. We then proceed to an improvement of the system through the re-estimation procedure parameters of this model.
基金funding from the National Key Research&Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFB3206001 and 2023YFB3405600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62104212 and 62334001)+3 种基金ZJU-UCL Strategic Partner Funds,The Leading Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project in Zhejiang(Grant No.2022R01001)Cao Guangbiao High Science and Technology Foundation,Zhejiang University(Grant No.2022RC011)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2021FZZX001-07)Zhejiang University Education Foundation Global Partnership Fund(Grant No.100000-11320).
文摘The surge in demand for cost-effective,lightweight,and rapidly responsive sensors has propelled research in various fields,and traditional sensors face limitations in performing up to the mark due to their intrinsic properties and a lack of innovative fabrication techniques.Consequently,over the last decade,a notable shift has been toward harnessing naturally existing nanostructures to develop efficient and versatile sensing devices.One such nanostructure in morpho butterfly wings has attracted attention because of its vibrant uniqueness and diverse sensing properties.This review will explore recent interdisciplinary research endeavors on the nanostructure,including chemical,vapor,and acoustic detection.Furthermore,its potential as an infrared sensor,considerations related to heat transfer properties,and a brief overview of various replication techniques and challenges encountered in reproducing the intricate nanostructure are discussed.
