Announcements for this section should be submitted in the correct format at least 3 months before the required date of publication.This list is provided as a service to readers;inclusion does not imply endorsement by ...Announcements for this section should be submitted in the correct format at least 3 months before the required date of publication.This list is provided as a service to readers;inclusion does not imply endorsement by the Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International.展开更多
Aims and Scope Chinese Journal of Polymer Science(CJPS)is a monthly journal published in English and sponsored by the Chinese Chemical Society and the Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.CJPS is edited ...Aims and Scope Chinese Journal of Polymer Science(CJPS)is a monthly journal published in English and sponsored by the Chinese Chemical Society and the Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.CJPS is edited by a distinguished Editorial Board headed by Professor Qi-Feng Zhou and supported by an International Advisory Board in which many famous active polymer scientists all over the world are included.展开更多
The Crop Journal is a bi-monthly,international,peer-reviewed research journal co-sponsored by Crop Science Society of China,Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and China Science Publish...The Crop Journal is a bi-monthly,international,peer-reviewed research journal co-sponsored by Crop Science Society of China,Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and China Science Publishing&Media Group Ltd.(Science Press).展开更多
Description Journal of Integrative Agriculture(JIA),formerly Agricultural Sciences in China(ASC),founded in 2002,is sponsored by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS),co-sponsored by Chinese Association of Ag...Description Journal of Integrative Agriculture(JIA),formerly Agricultural Sciences in China(ASC),founded in 2002,is sponsored by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS),co-sponsored by Chinese Association of Agricultural Science Societies(CAASS).JIA is a peer-reviewed and multi-disciplinary international journal and published monthly in English.JIA Editorial Board consists of 289 well-respected scholars of agricultural scientific fields.展开更多
Chinese Journal ofPolymer Science(CJPS)is a monthly journal published in English and sponsored by the Chinese Chemical Society and the Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.CJPS is edited by a distinguish...Chinese Journal ofPolymer Science(CJPS)is a monthly journal published in English and sponsored by the Chinese Chemical Society and the Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.CJPS is edited by a distinguished Editorial Board headed by Professor Qi-Feng Zhou and supported by an International Advisory Board in which many famous active polymer scientists all over the world are included.展开更多
Chinese Journal of Polymer Science(CJPS)is a monthly journal published in English and sponsored by the Chinese Chemical Society and the Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.CJPS is edited by a distinguis...Chinese Journal of Polymer Science(CJPS)is a monthly journal published in English and sponsored by the Chinese Chemical Society and the Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.CJPS is edited by a distinguished Editorial Board headed by Professor Qi-Feng Zhou and supported by an International Advisory Board in which many famous active polymer scientists all over the world are included.The journal was first published in 1983 under the titlePolymer Communications and has the current name since 1985.展开更多
Malnutrition is a major public health concern in developing countries,contributing to 45%of deaths among children under five years old.In the Republic of Guinea,the prevalence of acute malnutrition is estimated at 6.7...Malnutrition is a major public health concern in developing countries,contributing to 45%of deaths among children under five years old.In the Republic of Guinea,the prevalence of acute malnutrition is estimated at 6.7%,largely influenced by inadequate breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices.A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Prefecture of Fria to assess the impact of feeding practices on the growth and development of children aged 6 to 59 months.A sample of 450 children residing in the prefecture was included in the study.The findings revealed a prevalence of acute malnutrition of 8.9%,while 4.4%of the children were underweight,and 7.1%suffered from chronic malnutrition.展开更多
Chinese Journal of Polymer Science(CJPS)is a monthly journal published in English and sponsored by the Chinese Chemical Society and the Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.CJPS is edited by a distinguis...Chinese Journal of Polymer Science(CJPS)is a monthly journal published in English and sponsored by the Chinese Chemical Society and the Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.CJPS is edited by a distinguished Editorial Board headed by Professor Qi-Feng Zhou and supported by an International Advisory Board in which many famous active polymer scientists all over the world are included.展开更多
Advanced age impairs bone fracture healing;the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon remains unknown.We determined that apolipoprotein E(ApoE)increases with age and causes poor fracture healing.After deletion of hep...Advanced age impairs bone fracture healing;the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon remains unknown.We determined that apolipoprotein E(ApoE)increases with age and causes poor fracture healing.After deletion of hepatic ApoE expression(ΔApoE),24-month-oldΔApoE mice displayed a 95%reduction in circulating ApoE levels and significantly improved fracture healing.ApoE treatment of aged BMSCs inhibited osteoblast differentiation in tissue culture models;RNA-seq,Western blot,immunofluorescence,and RT-PCR analyses indicated that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is the target of this inhibition.Indeed,we showed that ApoE had no effect on cultures with stabilizedβ-catenin levels.Next,we determined that Lrp4 serves as the osteoblast cell surface receptor to ApoE,as expression of Lrp4 is required in ApoE-based inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and osteoblast differentiation.Importantly,we validated this ApoE-Lrp4-Wnt/β-catenin molecular mechanism in human osteoblast differentiation.Finally,we identified an ApoE-neutralizing antibody(NAb)and used it to treat aged,wildtype mice 3 days after fracture surgery resulting in fracture calluses with 35%more bone deposition.Our work here identifies novel liver-to-bone cross-talk and a noninvasive,translatable therapeutic intervention for aged bone regeneration.展开更多
The epidemiologic characteristics of 631 infant pertussis cases 〈 12 months, which accounted for 57.42% of the total cases, were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology in Tianjin, between 2010 and 2015. The incidence o...The epidemiologic characteristics of 631 infant pertussis cases 〈 12 months, which accounted for 57.42% of the total cases, were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology in Tianjin, between 2010 and 2015. The incidence of infants was 104.66/100,000, which was 118 times higher than in other age groups （P 〈 0.001）. The primary type of pertussis simultaneously presented in households was adult-to-infant （70.51%）. The parents were identified as the source of infection in 80.18% of cases for infants. The positive rate of placental antibody transfer was 31.06% and 3.13% for 3-month-old infants. Infants presented the highest age-specific pertussis incidence. The most important reason was parents were the important sources of infection, and secondly the lower level of antibodies in neonates and the rapid waning of maternal antibody titer.展开更多
Biofilms at the tooth-restoration bonded interface can produce acids and cause recurrent caries. Recurrent caries is a primary reason for restoration failures. The objectives of this study were to synthesize a novel b...Biofilms at the tooth-restoration bonded interface can produce acids and cause recurrent caries. Recurrent caries is a primary reason for restoration failures. The objectives of this study were to synthesize a novel bioactive dental bonding agent containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate(DMAHDM) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine(MPC) to inhibit biofilm formation at the tooth-restoration margin and to investigate the effects of water-aging for 6 months on the dentin bond strength and protein-repellent and antibacterial durability. A protein-repellent agent(MPC) and antibacterial agent(DMAHDM) were added to a Scotchbond multi-purpose(SBMP) primer and adhesive. Specimens were stored in water at 37 °C for 1, 30, 90, or 180 days(d).At the end of each time period, the dentin bond strength and protein-repellent and antibacterial properties were evaluated. Protein attachment onto resin specimens was measured by the micro-bicinchoninic acid approach. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model was used to test the biofilm response. The SBMP + MPC + DMAHDM group showed no decline in dentin bond strength after water-aging for 6 months, which was significantly higher than that of the control(P < 0.05). The SBMP + MPC + DMAHDM group had protein adhesion that was only 1/20 of that of the SBMP control(P < 0.05). Incorporation of MPC and DMAHDM into SBMP provided a synergistic effect on biofilm reduction. The antibacterial effect and resistance to protein adsorption exhibited no decrease from 1 to 180 d(P > 0.1). In conclusion, a bonding agent with MPC and DMAHDM achieved a durable dentin bond strength and long-term resistance to proteins and oral bacteria. The novel dental bonding agent is promising for applications in preventive and restorative dentistry to reduce biofilm formation at the tooth-restoration margin.展开更多
The association between Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA) during pregnancy and foetal outcomes has been extensively investigated. However, epidemiological studies specifically referred to LPTA in the last months o...The association between Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA) during pregnancy and foetal outcomes has been extensively investigated. However, epidemiological studies specifically referred to LPTA in the last months of pregnancy are scarce. We evaluated the association between LPTA and the risk of both preterm delivery and small for gestational age (SGA) during the last three months of pregnancy in Italy. A nationwide case-control study was performed in nine Italian cities. A total of 299 preterm delivery, 364 SGA and 855 controls were enrolled in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic variables, medical and reproductive history, life-style habits and LTPA referred to the last three months of pregnancy. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed in order to estimate Odds ratios and 95% CI. LTPA during the last three months of pregnancy decreases the risk of preterm delivery (adjusted OR = 0.56;95% CI 0.39 - 0.79). Among the different types of physical activity, walking, the most frequently referred activity, appears significantly protective against preterm delivery (adjusted OR = 0.53;95% CI 0.36 - 0.81). Moreover, a small protective effect of walking was evidenced against SGA (adjusted OR = 0.72;95% CI 0.51 - 1.00). In conclusion, a mild physical activity such as walking in the last three months of pregnancy seems to reduce the risk of preterm delivery and, at a lesser extent, of SGA, confirming the beneficial effects of physical activity along the whole pregnancy.展开更多
In 1163, Archbishop Gionata, Abbot of the Monastery of San Nicola of Casole in Puglia （Apulia）, commissioned Pantaleone, a learned monk and artist from the monastery, to decorate the pavement of the cathedral of Otr...In 1163, Archbishop Gionata, Abbot of the Monastery of San Nicola of Casole in Puglia （Apulia）, commissioned Pantaleone, a learned monk and artist from the monastery, to decorate the pavement of the cathedral of Otranto with mosaics. This Italian Romanesque cathedral was dedicated to Santa Maria Annunziata or Saint Mary of The Annunciation. In the interior, the floor design in the shape of a tree contains an elaborate biblical program. The encyclopedic narrative of the mosaic symbolically unveils the meaning of the Tree of Life. The ieonography of the pavement＇s program combines biblical and pagan narratives evolving from a natural realm into a heavenly realm. The natural realm begins at the church＇s entrance with the symbolism of the earth-the roots of a tree-expanding through the nave and transept via the tree＇s trunk and its branches, culminating in the apse, at the end of the church, with the foliage oftbe top of the tree. This natural realm meets with the heavenly realm in two ways： at the crossing of the church or at the sacrificial altar, and at the apse of the church. Before reaching the altar or holy area, between the natural realm and the heavenly realm, the zodiac signs with the labors of the months are depicted.展开更多
<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cryptosporidium</span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> inf...<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cryptosporidium</span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection is estimated to cause 2.9 million diarrheal cases yearly among children aged under 24 months in sub-Saharan Africa. Studies have shown long-term climatic variations can affect infectious diseases. The burden of cryptosporidiosis in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa is well characterized. However, the trend of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cryptosporidium</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection is not known, especially in informal urban settings. This study therefore sought to determine cryptosporidiosis trends, and further explore the association between year and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cryptosporidium</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection among children below 24 months in Kibera urban informal settlement in Kenya. Data collected by the Kenya Medical Research Institute longitudinal study in Tabitha clinic in Kibera from 2009 to 2015 were used. At least 3000 children aged < 24 months receive free health care at the clinic. In the longitudinal study</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> children presenting with diarrhea were eligible for stool sample collection (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 477), out of which 421 stool samples were tested using TaqMan</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">™</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Array Card (TAC) polymerase chain reaction panel that included a target for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cryptosporidium</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> genus. Data for the 421 children were included in the analysis. Logistic regression was used to explore the difference between the seven years and cryptosporidiosis. Overall, the pooled data indicated that 23.5% of the children who were tested had </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cryptosporidium</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection, with the highest proportions of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cryptosporidium-</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">positive cases observed in 2015 (45.2%). The logistic regression results also indicated that children who were tested in the year 2015 were more likely to have </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cryptosporidium</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection (OR = 3.39;95% CI: 1.44 - 7.96;</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.005) than those in 2009. Watery stool was also found to be an important symptom of cryptosporidiosis. There was a high prevalence of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cryptosporidium</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection among young children, especially in the most recent year. Routine testing of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cryptosporidium</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection using molecular methods, constant monitoring and identification of the infection sources is therefore necessary towards reducing the disease burden in the low resource settings.</span></span>展开更多
In order to understand the export situation faced by Chinese foreign trade enterprises and learn about their difficulties and problems in this regard, the China Association of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation En...In order to understand the export situation faced by Chinese foreign trade enterprises and learn about their difficulties and problems in this regard, the China Association of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Enterprises carried展开更多
AIM: To review the use of the Months Backwards Test(MBT) in clinical and research contexts.METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of reports relating to the MBT based upon a search of Psych INFO and MEDLINE between...AIM: To review the use of the Months Backwards Test(MBT) in clinical and research contexts.METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of reports relating to the MBT based upon a search of Psych INFO and MEDLINE between January 1980 and December 2014. Only reports that specifically described findings pertaining to the MBT were included. Findings were considered in terms of rating procedures, testing performance, psychometric properties, neuropsychological studies and use in clinical populations.RESULTS: We identified 22 data reports. The MBT is administered and rated in a variety of ways with very little consistency across studies. It has been used to assess various cognitive functions including focused and sustained attention as well as central processingspeed. Performance can be assessed in terms of the ability to accurately complete the test without errors("MB accuracy"), and time taken to complete the test("MB duration"). Completion time in cognitively intact subjects is usually < 20 s with upper limits of 60-90 s typically applied in studies. The majority of cognitively intact adults can complete the test without error such that any errors of omission are strongly suggestive of cognitive dysfunction. Coverage of clinical populations, including those with significant cognitive difficulties is high with the majority of subjects able to engage with MBT procedures. Performance correlates highly with other cognitive tests, especially of attention, including the digit span backwards, trailmaking test B, serial threes and sevens, tests of simple and complex choice reaction time, delayed story recall and standardized list learning measures. Test-retest and inter-rater reliability are high(both > 0.90). Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies comparing the months forward test and MBT indicate greater involvement of more complex networks(bilateral middle and inferior frontal gyri, the posterior parietal cortex and the left anterior cingulate gyrus) for backwards cognitive processing. The MBT has been usefully applied to the study of a variety of clinical presentations, for both cognitive and functional assessment. In addition to the assessment of major neuropsychiatric conditions such as delirium, dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment, the MBT has been used in the assessment of concussion, profiling of neurocognitive impairments in organic brain disorders and Parkinson's disease, prediction of delirium risk in surgical patients and medication compliance in diabetes. The reported sensitivity for acute neurocognitive disturbance/delirium in hospitalised patients is estimated at 83%-93%. Repeated testing can be used to identify deteriorating cognitive function over time.CONCLUSION: The MBT is a simple, versatile tool that is sensitive to significant cognitive impairment. Performance can be assessed according to accuracy and speed of performance. However, greater consistency in administration and rating is needed. We suggest two approaches to assessing performance- a simple(pass/fail) method as well as a ten point scale for rating test performance(467).展开更多
The corticospinal tract（CST）is an essential motor pathway in the human brain：particularly,it is essential for fine hand movements（Jang,2014）.Stroke patients can show more severe weakness when a partial injury of ...The corticospinal tract（CST）is an essential motor pathway in the human brain：particularly,it is essential for fine hand movements（Jang,2014）.Stroke patients can show more severe weakness when a partial injury of the CST is combined with apraxia.展开更多
Import and export In January-October 2019,China’s total import and export value reached USD 3.74 trillion,with a decrease of 2.5%year-on-year (the same as below).The exports were USD 2.04trillion,with a decrease of 0...Import and export In January-October 2019,China’s total import and export value reached USD 3.74 trillion,with a decrease of 2.5%year-on-year (the same as below).The exports were USD 2.04trillion,with a decrease of 0.2%,and the imports were USD 1.70 trillion,with a decrease of 5.1%.The trade surplus was USD 340.29 billion,increasing by 34.9%.展开更多
The region of south China is sometimes subject to major climatic catastrophes in winter. To have a clear understanding, the time in which extremely severe cold months occur in the south China wintertime over the past ...The region of south China is sometimes subject to major climatic catastrophes in winter. To have a clear understanding, the time in which extremely severe cold months occur in the south China wintertime over the past 45 years are determined and characteristics of the 500-hPa geopotential fields and SST fields are studied for the simultaneous and preceding 6-month periods. Similarity exists in the 500-hPa geopotential fields between each current severely cold month, with the geopotential pattern of being high in the north, but low in the south, of Asian-Pacific region and meridional circulation developing. The work presents anomalies of the months with significant differences in the 500-hPa geopotential field of the previous periods. The SSTA is continuous in the distribution from each extremely severe cold winter month back to the 6 months leading up to it for the region of south China while the SST pattern is of El Ni?o in January and the preceding 1 ~ 6 months for equatorial eastern Pacific but of La Ni?a in February and December. It is concluded that the prediction of severely cold winter months are possible with the use of the geopotential field at 500 hPa and the SST fields for the months ahead of the target time.展开更多
文摘Announcements for this section should be submitted in the correct format at least 3 months before the required date of publication.This list is provided as a service to readers;inclusion does not imply endorsement by the Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International.
文摘Aims and Scope Chinese Journal of Polymer Science(CJPS)is a monthly journal published in English and sponsored by the Chinese Chemical Society and the Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.CJPS is edited by a distinguished Editorial Board headed by Professor Qi-Feng Zhou and supported by an International Advisory Board in which many famous active polymer scientists all over the world are included.
文摘The Crop Journal is a bi-monthly,international,peer-reviewed research journal co-sponsored by Crop Science Society of China,Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and China Science Publishing&Media Group Ltd.(Science Press).
文摘Description Journal of Integrative Agriculture(JIA),formerly Agricultural Sciences in China(ASC),founded in 2002,is sponsored by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS),co-sponsored by Chinese Association of Agricultural Science Societies(CAASS).JIA is a peer-reviewed and multi-disciplinary international journal and published monthly in English.JIA Editorial Board consists of 289 well-respected scholars of agricultural scientific fields.
文摘Chinese Journal ofPolymer Science(CJPS)is a monthly journal published in English and sponsored by the Chinese Chemical Society and the Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.CJPS is edited by a distinguished Editorial Board headed by Professor Qi-Feng Zhou and supported by an International Advisory Board in which many famous active polymer scientists all over the world are included.
文摘Chinese Journal of Polymer Science(CJPS)is a monthly journal published in English and sponsored by the Chinese Chemical Society and the Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.CJPS is edited by a distinguished Editorial Board headed by Professor Qi-Feng Zhou and supported by an International Advisory Board in which many famous active polymer scientists all over the world are included.The journal was first published in 1983 under the titlePolymer Communications and has the current name since 1985.
文摘Malnutrition is a major public health concern in developing countries,contributing to 45%of deaths among children under five years old.In the Republic of Guinea,the prevalence of acute malnutrition is estimated at 6.7%,largely influenced by inadequate breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices.A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Prefecture of Fria to assess the impact of feeding practices on the growth and development of children aged 6 to 59 months.A sample of 450 children residing in the prefecture was included in the study.The findings revealed a prevalence of acute malnutrition of 8.9%,while 4.4%of the children were underweight,and 7.1%suffered from chronic malnutrition.
文摘Chinese Journal of Polymer Science(CJPS)is a monthly journal published in English and sponsored by the Chinese Chemical Society and the Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.CJPS is edited by a distinguished Editorial Board headed by Professor Qi-Feng Zhou and supported by an International Advisory Board in which many famous active polymer scientists all over the world are included.
基金supported by a Borden Scholars awardDuke Claude D.Pepper Older Americans Independence Center Pilot Award(P30AG028716)by the NIH/NIA(R01AG081393)。
文摘Advanced age impairs bone fracture healing;the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon remains unknown.We determined that apolipoprotein E(ApoE)increases with age and causes poor fracture healing.After deletion of hepatic ApoE expression(ΔApoE),24-month-oldΔApoE mice displayed a 95%reduction in circulating ApoE levels and significantly improved fracture healing.ApoE treatment of aged BMSCs inhibited osteoblast differentiation in tissue culture models;RNA-seq,Western blot,immunofluorescence,and RT-PCR analyses indicated that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is the target of this inhibition.Indeed,we showed that ApoE had no effect on cultures with stabilizedβ-catenin levels.Next,we determined that Lrp4 serves as the osteoblast cell surface receptor to ApoE,as expression of Lrp4 is required in ApoE-based inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and osteoblast differentiation.Importantly,we validated this ApoE-Lrp4-Wnt/β-catenin molecular mechanism in human osteoblast differentiation.Finally,we identified an ApoE-neutralizing antibody(NAb)and used it to treat aged,wildtype mice 3 days after fracture surgery resulting in fracture calluses with 35%more bone deposition.Our work here identifies novel liver-to-bone cross-talk and a noninvasive,translatable therapeutic intervention for aged bone regeneration.
基金supported by the Research Fund of Tianjin Health and Family Planning Commission 2015KY18Science and Technology Major Project of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association Q2017A1225
文摘The epidemiologic characteristics of 631 infant pertussis cases 〈 12 months, which accounted for 57.42% of the total cases, were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology in Tianjin, between 2010 and 2015. The incidence of infants was 104.66/100,000, which was 118 times higher than in other age groups （P 〈 0.001）. The primary type of pertussis simultaneously presented in households was adult-to-infant （70.51%）. The parents were identified as the source of infection in 80.18% of cases for infants. The positive rate of placental antibody transfer was 31.06% and 3.13% for 3-month-old infants. Infants presented the highest age-specific pertussis incidence. The most important reason was parents were the important sources of infection, and secondly the lower level of antibodies in neonates and the rapid waning of maternal antibody titer.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China NSFC 81500879(N.Z.),81400540(K.Z.)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission Z151100003915137(N.Z.)+2 种基金the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’YouthProgram QML20161501(N.Z.),QML20151401(K.Z.)the Beijing Municipal Hospitals’Program ZYLX201703(Y.B.),NIH R01 DE17974(H.X.)a Seed Grant(H.X.)from the University of Maryland School of Dentistry
文摘Biofilms at the tooth-restoration bonded interface can produce acids and cause recurrent caries. Recurrent caries is a primary reason for restoration failures. The objectives of this study were to synthesize a novel bioactive dental bonding agent containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate(DMAHDM) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine(MPC) to inhibit biofilm formation at the tooth-restoration margin and to investigate the effects of water-aging for 6 months on the dentin bond strength and protein-repellent and antibacterial durability. A protein-repellent agent(MPC) and antibacterial agent(DMAHDM) were added to a Scotchbond multi-purpose(SBMP) primer and adhesive. Specimens were stored in water at 37 °C for 1, 30, 90, or 180 days(d).At the end of each time period, the dentin bond strength and protein-repellent and antibacterial properties were evaluated. Protein attachment onto resin specimens was measured by the micro-bicinchoninic acid approach. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model was used to test the biofilm response. The SBMP + MPC + DMAHDM group showed no decline in dentin bond strength after water-aging for 6 months, which was significantly higher than that of the control(P < 0.05). The SBMP + MPC + DMAHDM group had protein adhesion that was only 1/20 of that of the SBMP control(P < 0.05). Incorporation of MPC and DMAHDM into SBMP provided a synergistic effect on biofilm reduction. The antibacterial effect and resistance to protein adsorption exhibited no decrease from 1 to 180 d(P > 0.1). In conclusion, a bonding agent with MPC and DMAHDM achieved a durable dentin bond strength and long-term resistance to proteins and oral bacteria. The novel dental bonding agent is promising for applications in preventive and restorative dentistry to reduce biofilm formation at the tooth-restoration margin.
文摘The association between Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA) during pregnancy and foetal outcomes has been extensively investigated. However, epidemiological studies specifically referred to LPTA in the last months of pregnancy are scarce. We evaluated the association between LPTA and the risk of both preterm delivery and small for gestational age (SGA) during the last three months of pregnancy in Italy. A nationwide case-control study was performed in nine Italian cities. A total of 299 preterm delivery, 364 SGA and 855 controls were enrolled in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic variables, medical and reproductive history, life-style habits and LTPA referred to the last three months of pregnancy. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed in order to estimate Odds ratios and 95% CI. LTPA during the last three months of pregnancy decreases the risk of preterm delivery (adjusted OR = 0.56;95% CI 0.39 - 0.79). Among the different types of physical activity, walking, the most frequently referred activity, appears significantly protective against preterm delivery (adjusted OR = 0.53;95% CI 0.36 - 0.81). Moreover, a small protective effect of walking was evidenced against SGA (adjusted OR = 0.72;95% CI 0.51 - 1.00). In conclusion, a mild physical activity such as walking in the last three months of pregnancy seems to reduce the risk of preterm delivery and, at a lesser extent, of SGA, confirming the beneficial effects of physical activity along the whole pregnancy.
文摘In 1163, Archbishop Gionata, Abbot of the Monastery of San Nicola of Casole in Puglia （Apulia）, commissioned Pantaleone, a learned monk and artist from the monastery, to decorate the pavement of the cathedral of Otranto with mosaics. This Italian Romanesque cathedral was dedicated to Santa Maria Annunziata or Saint Mary of The Annunciation. In the interior, the floor design in the shape of a tree contains an elaborate biblical program. The encyclopedic narrative of the mosaic symbolically unveils the meaning of the Tree of Life. The ieonography of the pavement＇s program combines biblical and pagan narratives evolving from a natural realm into a heavenly realm. The natural realm begins at the church＇s entrance with the symbolism of the earth-the roots of a tree-expanding through the nave and transept via the tree＇s trunk and its branches, culminating in the apse, at the end of the church, with the foliage oftbe top of the tree. This natural realm meets with the heavenly realm in two ways： at the crossing of the church or at the sacrificial altar, and at the apse of the church. Before reaching the altar or holy area, between the natural realm and the heavenly realm, the zodiac signs with the labors of the months are depicted.
文摘<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cryptosporidium</span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection is estimated to cause 2.9 million diarrheal cases yearly among children aged under 24 months in sub-Saharan Africa. Studies have shown long-term climatic variations can affect infectious diseases. The burden of cryptosporidiosis in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa is well characterized. However, the trend of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cryptosporidium</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection is not known, especially in informal urban settings. This study therefore sought to determine cryptosporidiosis trends, and further explore the association between year and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cryptosporidium</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection among children below 24 months in Kibera urban informal settlement in Kenya. Data collected by the Kenya Medical Research Institute longitudinal study in Tabitha clinic in Kibera from 2009 to 2015 were used. At least 3000 children aged < 24 months receive free health care at the clinic. In the longitudinal study</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> children presenting with diarrhea were eligible for stool sample collection (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 477), out of which 421 stool samples were tested using TaqMan</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">™</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Array Card (TAC) polymerase chain reaction panel that included a target for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cryptosporidium</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> genus. Data for the 421 children were included in the analysis. Logistic regression was used to explore the difference between the seven years and cryptosporidiosis. Overall, the pooled data indicated that 23.5% of the children who were tested had </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cryptosporidium</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection, with the highest proportions of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cryptosporidium-</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">positive cases observed in 2015 (45.2%). The logistic regression results also indicated that children who were tested in the year 2015 were more likely to have </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cryptosporidium</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection (OR = 3.39;95% CI: 1.44 - 7.96;</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> = 0.005) than those in 2009. Watery stool was also found to be an important symptom of cryptosporidiosis. There was a high prevalence of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cryptosporidium</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection among young children, especially in the most recent year. Routine testing of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cryptosporidium</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection using molecular methods, constant monitoring and identification of the infection sources is therefore necessary towards reducing the disease burden in the low resource settings.</span></span>
文摘In order to understand the export situation faced by Chinese foreign trade enterprises and learn about their difficulties and problems in this regard, the China Association of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Enterprises carried
基金Supported by Health Research Board(Ireland)Funding(HRA-POR-2011-48)
文摘AIM: To review the use of the Months Backwards Test(MBT) in clinical and research contexts.METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of reports relating to the MBT based upon a search of Psych INFO and MEDLINE between January 1980 and December 2014. Only reports that specifically described findings pertaining to the MBT were included. Findings were considered in terms of rating procedures, testing performance, psychometric properties, neuropsychological studies and use in clinical populations.RESULTS: We identified 22 data reports. The MBT is administered and rated in a variety of ways with very little consistency across studies. It has been used to assess various cognitive functions including focused and sustained attention as well as central processingspeed. Performance can be assessed in terms of the ability to accurately complete the test without errors("MB accuracy"), and time taken to complete the test("MB duration"). Completion time in cognitively intact subjects is usually < 20 s with upper limits of 60-90 s typically applied in studies. The majority of cognitively intact adults can complete the test without error such that any errors of omission are strongly suggestive of cognitive dysfunction. Coverage of clinical populations, including those with significant cognitive difficulties is high with the majority of subjects able to engage with MBT procedures. Performance correlates highly with other cognitive tests, especially of attention, including the digit span backwards, trailmaking test B, serial threes and sevens, tests of simple and complex choice reaction time, delayed story recall and standardized list learning measures. Test-retest and inter-rater reliability are high(both > 0.90). Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies comparing the months forward test and MBT indicate greater involvement of more complex networks(bilateral middle and inferior frontal gyri, the posterior parietal cortex and the left anterior cingulate gyrus) for backwards cognitive processing. The MBT has been usefully applied to the study of a variety of clinical presentations, for both cognitive and functional assessment. In addition to the assessment of major neuropsychiatric conditions such as delirium, dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment, the MBT has been used in the assessment of concussion, profiling of neurocognitive impairments in organic brain disorders and Parkinson's disease, prediction of delirium risk in surgical patients and medication compliance in diabetes. The reported sensitivity for acute neurocognitive disturbance/delirium in hospitalised patients is estimated at 83%-93%. Repeated testing can be used to identify deteriorating cognitive function over time.CONCLUSION: The MBT is a simple, versatile tool that is sensitive to significant cognitive impairment. Performance can be assessed according to accuracy and speed of performance. However, greater consistency in administration and rating is needed. We suggest two approaches to assessing performance- a simple(pass/fail) method as well as a ten point scale for rating test performance(467).
基金supported by the DGIST R&D Program of the Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning(15-BD-0401).SHJ designed this study,collected and analyzed data,and revised the paper.CHC participated in study design and data collection.WHJ participated in data collection and analysis and wrote the paper
文摘The corticospinal tract（CST）is an essential motor pathway in the human brain：particularly,it is essential for fine hand movements（Jang,2014）.Stroke patients can show more severe weakness when a partial injury of the CST is combined with apraxia.
文摘Import and export In January-October 2019,China’s total import and export value reached USD 3.74 trillion,with a decrease of 2.5%year-on-year (the same as below).The exports were USD 2.04trillion,with a decrease of 0.2%,and the imports were USD 1.70 trillion,with a decrease of 5.1%.The trade surplus was USD 340.29 billion,increasing by 34.9%.
基金Research on short-term climatic prediction systems in China" - a key scientific and technological project in the national 9th
文摘The region of south China is sometimes subject to major climatic catastrophes in winter. To have a clear understanding, the time in which extremely severe cold months occur in the south China wintertime over the past 45 years are determined and characteristics of the 500-hPa geopotential fields and SST fields are studied for the simultaneous and preceding 6-month periods. Similarity exists in the 500-hPa geopotential fields between each current severely cold month, with the geopotential pattern of being high in the north, but low in the south, of Asian-Pacific region and meridional circulation developing. The work presents anomalies of the months with significant differences in the 500-hPa geopotential field of the previous periods. The SSTA is continuous in the distribution from each extremely severe cold winter month back to the 6 months leading up to it for the region of south China while the SST pattern is of El Ni?o in January and the preceding 1 ~ 6 months for equatorial eastern Pacific but of La Ni?a in February and December. It is concluded that the prediction of severely cold winter months are possible with the use of the geopotential field at 500 hPa and the SST fields for the months ahead of the target time.
