Flexible electronics face critical challenges in achieving monolithic three-dimensional(3D)integration,including material compatibility,structural stability,and scalable fabrication methods.Inspired by the tactile sen...Flexible electronics face critical challenges in achieving monolithic three-dimensional(3D)integration,including material compatibility,structural stability,and scalable fabrication methods.Inspired by the tactile sensing mechanism of the human skin,we have developed a flexible monolithic 3D-integrated tactile sensing system based on a holey MXene paste,where each vertical one-body unit simultaneously functions as a microsupercapacitor and pressure sensor.The in-plane mesopores of MXene significantly improve ion accessibility,mitigate the self-stacking of nanosheets,and allow the holey MXene to multifunctionally act as a sensing material,an active electrode,and a conductive interconnect,thus drastically reducing the interface mismatch and enhancing the mechanical robustness.Furthermore,we fabricate a large-scale device using a blade-coating and stamping method,which demonstrates excellent mechanical flexibility,low-power consumption,rapid response,and stable long-term operation.As a proof-of-concept application,we integrate our sensing array into a smart access control system,leveraging deep learning to accurately identify users based on their unique pressing behaviors.This study provides a promising approach for designing highly integrated,intelligent,and flexible electronic systems for advanced human-computer interactions and personalized electronics.展开更多
Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))can be efficiently converted and utilized through the CO_(2) methanation reaction,which has significant potential benefits for the environment and the economy.The contradiction between the thermo...Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))can be efficiently converted and utilized through the CO_(2) methanation reaction,which has significant potential benefits for the environment and the economy.The contradiction between the thermodynamics and kinetics of the CO_(2) methanation reaction process leads to low CO_(2) conversion at 200-350℃and low methane selectivity at 350-500℃.The utilization of catalysts can solve the contradiction between kinetics and thermodynamics,achieving high CO_(2) methanation efficiency at low temperatures.However,the poor thermal conductivity of powder catalysts leads to the rapid accumulation of heat,resulting in the formation of hot spots,which can cause the sintering or even deactivation of active species.To solve this problem,researchers have focused on monolithic catalysts with integrated reaction systems.This review categorizes the monolithic catalysts into two main groups based on their unique characteristics,namely structured catalysts and catalytic membrane reactors.The characteristics of these monolithic catalysts,commonly used support materials,preparation techniques,and their applications in the CO_(2) methanation reaction are discussed in depth.These studies provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the design and optimization of structured catalysts and catalytic membrane reactors.Finally,challenges and prospects in the application of monolithic catalysts for the CO_(2) methanation reaction are proposed for the future development.展开更多
In the background of carbon neutrality,monolithic ceramic catalysts are universally used in energy conversion and chemical catalysis due to the high heat and mass transfer efficiencies,low bed pressures,and scalabilit...In the background of carbon neutrality,monolithic ceramic catalysts are universally used in energy conversion and chemical catalysis due to the high heat and mass transfer efficiencies,low bed pressures,and scalability through modular design.However,traditional manufacturing processes are limited by mold dependence,organic solvent toxicity,and insufficient molding capability for complex structures,resulting in difficulty achieving precise regulation of cross-scale pores.Additive manufacturing(AM)technology employs a digital layered molding strategy to achieve the cross-scale structural regulation of catalysts from macroscopic flow channels to mesopores and micropores.This paper summarizes recent advances in the structural design of monolithic catalysts enabled by AM technologies and highlights their emerging applications in catalytic processes.Structurally,AM-fabricated monoliths have been effectively employed in key chemical reactions such as fuel reforming,CO_(2)conversion,biofuel synthesis.Strategies such as geometrical topology optimization,multi-scale pore synergy,biomimetic structural design,and functional gradient integration have been utilized to enhance heat and mass transport,reduce pressure drops,and improve overall catalytic performance.By overcoming the limitations of traditional catalysts,AM technologies create a new paradigm for addressing the longstanding challenge of coupling mass transfer with reaction kinetics.This approach provides a feasible pathway for driving both theoretical innovation and practical implementation of high-efficiency catalytic systems.展开更多
Monolithic aerogels are promising candidates for use in atmospheric environmental purification due to their structural advantages,such as fine building block size together with high specific surface area,abundant pore...Monolithic aerogels are promising candidates for use in atmospheric environmental purification due to their structural advantages,such as fine building block size together with high specific surface area,abundant pore structure,etc.Additionally,monolithic aerogels possess a unique monolithic macrostructure that sets them apart from aerogel powders and nanoparticles in practical environmental clean-up applications.This review delves into the available synthesis strategies and atmospheric environmental applications of monolithic aerogels,covering types of monolithic aerogels including SiO_(2),graphene,metal oxides and their combinations,along with their preparation methods.In particular,recent developments for VOC adsorption,CO_(2)capture,catalytic oxidation of VOCs and catalytic reduction of CO_(2)are highlighted.Finally,challenges and future opportunities for monolithic aerogels in the atmospheric environmental purification field are proposed.This reviewprovides valuable insights for designing and utilizing monolithic aerogel-based functional materials.展开更多
We propose a suite of strategies for the parallel solution of fully implicit monolithic fluid-structure interaction(FSI).The solver is based on a modeling approach that uses the velocity and pressure as the primitive ...We propose a suite of strategies for the parallel solution of fully implicit monolithic fluid-structure interaction(FSI).The solver is based on a modeling approach that uses the velocity and pressure as the primitive variables,which offers a bridge between computational fluid dynamics(CFD)and computational structural dynamics.The spatiotemporal discretization leverages the variational multiscale formulation and the generalized-αmethod as a means of providing a robust discrete scheme.In particular,the time integration scheme does not suffer from the overshoot phenomenon and optimally dissipates high-frequency spurious modes in both subproblems of FSI.Based on the chosen fully implicit scheme,we systematically develop a combined suite of nonlinear and linear solver strategies.Invoking a block factorization of the Jacobian matrix,the Newton-Raphson procedure is reduced to solving two smaller linear systems in the multi-corrector stage.The first is of the elliptic type,indicating that the algebraic multigrid method serves as a well-suited option.The second exhibits a two-by-two block structure that is analogous to the system arising in CFD.Inspired by prior studies,the additive Schwarz domain decomposition method and the block-factorization-based preconditioners are invoked to address the linear problem.Since the number of unknowns matches in both subdomains,it is straightforward to balance loads when parallelizing the algorithm for distributed-memory architectures.We use two representative FSI benchmarks to demonstrate the robustness,efficiency,and scalability of the overall FSI solver framework.In particular,it is found that the developed FSI solver is comparable to the CFD solver in several aspects,including fixed-size and isogranular scalability as well as robustness.展开更多
Lappaconitine is a water-insoluble drug, which was used as model drug in this study. Currently, two osmotically controlled delivery systems that are widely used for water-insoluble drug are monolithic osmotic tablet ...Lappaconitine is a water-insoluble drug, which was used as model drug in this study. Currently, two osmotically controlled delivery systems that are widely used for water-insoluble drug are monolithic osmotic tablet （MOT） and push-pull osmotic pump （PPOP）. In the present study, lappaconitine solid dispersion monolithic osmotic tablet （lappaconitine-SD-MOT） and lappaconitine-PPOP were developed. The prepared lappaconitine-PPOP was able to delivery drug at the rate of approximate zero-order （r = 0.9931）, and the cumulative release was above 95.0%. The lappaconitine-SD-MOT showed a comparatively poor linearity when the data were plotted according to the zero-order equation （r = 0.9798）, and the cumulative release was 84.69%. Lappaconitine-PPOP exhibited better controlled drug release （higher regression value） compared with lappaconitine-SD-MOT. The similarity index （f2） between lappaconitine-PPOP and lappaconitine-SD-MOT was 49.1 （〈50）. A clear difference of drug release characteristics between the lappaconitine-SD-MOT and lappaconitine-PPOP was revealed. It indicated that the drug release performance of lappaconitine-PPOP could gain favorable zero-order kinetics and higher cumulative release compared with lappaconitine-SD-MOT. Therefore, these results suggested that PPOP was still a very effective device for the delivery of poorly water-soluble drug with zero-order pattern.展开更多
The objective of this study was to prepare monolithic osmotic tablet of quercetin for controlled drug release. Quercetin-PVP solid dispersion was prepared to enhance its solubility and dissolution rate. Solid dispersi...The objective of this study was to prepare monolithic osmotic tablet of quercetin for controlled drug release. Quercetin-PVP solid dispersion was prepared to enhance its solubility and dissolution rate. Solid dispersion, suspending agents, osmotic agents and other conventional excipients were used as tablet core composition and cellulose acetate （CA） with plasticizer as release controlling membrane. Different formulation variables, the amounts of PEO （polyethylene oxide）, NaC1, plasticizer, and coating weight gain were optimized to gain the optimum formulation. The mechanism of drug release from monolithic osmotic tablet was also discussed. The optimal monolithic osmotic pump tablet could deliver quercetin at the rate of approximate zero-order up to 12 h, and the cumulative release was 90.74%. The developed monolithic osmotic system for quercetin loaded by solid dispersion was found to be a promising approach for controlled release of poorly-water soluble drug candidates.展开更多
The monolithic integrated micro sensor is an important direction in the fields of integrated circuits and micro sensors. In this paper,a monolithic thermal vacuum sensor based on a micro-hotplate （MHP） and operating...The monolithic integrated micro sensor is an important direction in the fields of integrated circuits and micro sensors. In this paper,a monolithic thermal vacuum sensor based on a micro-hotplate （MHP） and operating under constant bias voltage conditions was designed. A new monolithic integrating mode was proposed,in which the dielectric and passiva- tion layers in standard CMOS processes were used as sensor structure layers,gate polysilicon as the sacrificial layer,and the second polysilicon layer as the sensor heating resistor. Then, the fabricating processes were designed and the monolithic thermal vacuum sensor was fabricated with a 0. 6μm mixed signal CMOS process followed by sacrificial layer etching technology. The measurement results show that the fabricated monolithic vacuum sensor can measure the pressure range of 2- 10^5 Pa and the output voltage is adjustable.展开更多
The reservoir-monolithic type of the controlled release systems is investigated currently,however,the existing kinetic model could not describe the release process well because the release kinetics is rather complicat...The reservoir-monolithic type of the controlled release systems is investigated currently,however,the existing kinetic model could not describe the release process well because the release kinetics is rather complicated.In this paper,a simplified release kinetic model for diffusion-controlled monolithic matrix coated with outer membrane systems is proposed and verified by the experimental data of mercaptopurinum release experiment.It shows that the model can well describe the release mechanism (the relative error is under 3%) when drug loading (C d) is above its solubility limit (C s).At the same time,the release characteristics of special cases (D mD f and D mD f) are discussed theoretically.When D mD f the release rate becomes constant,namely,zero order release,and the release rate is independent of the drug membrane.This result provides the theoretical basis for the system of zero order release as well as how to control the release rate and the amount of drug release.When D mD f,the release rate is dependent on the drug release coefficient in the monolithic matrix,solubility and drug loading but independent of the process in the outer membrane,and it is similar to monolithic matrix type.展开更多
A new type strongly gain coupled (GC) DFB laser and a new type self alignment spot size converter (SA SSC) are proposed and successfully fabricated.The strongly GC DFB laser is monolithically integrated with the ...A new type strongly gain coupled (GC) DFB laser and a new type self alignment spot size converter (SA SSC) are proposed and successfully fabricated.The strongly GC DFB laser is monolithically integrated with the SA SSC with three step epitaxies.A high single mode yield and large side mode suppression ratio is obtained from the strongly GC DFB laser.A near circle far field pattern is obtained by using the SA SSC.展开更多
Based on the principle of chemical engineering in the multisubject field—drug delivery, the release kinetics of the slab monolithic matrix with an initially linear concentration distribution is studied in this paper....Based on the principle of chemical engineering in the multisubject field—drug delivery, the release kinetics of the slab monolithic matrix with an initially linear concentration distribution is studied in this paper. It can be used to describe the later stage when drug loading is above its solubility limit. A comprehensive model is proposed and the generalized solutions are acquired by Laplace transformation, from which a special case, i.e. a perfect sink has been deduced. According to the derived equations, the concentration profiles in the matrix has been computed and illustrated and the effect of volume of extraction medium on release has been investigated.展开更多
2.5 Gbit/s monolithic integrated circuits （ICs） for optical fiber transmitter and receiver in 0.35 μm CMOS （complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor） process are presented. The transmitter, which includ...2.5 Gbit/s monolithic integrated circuits （ICs） for optical fiber transmitter and receiver in 0.35 μm CMOS （complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor） process are presented. The transmitter, which includes a 4： 1 multiplexer and a laser diode driver （LDD）, has four 622 Mbit/s random signals as its inputs and gets a 2.5 Gbit/s driving signal as its output; the receiver detects a 2.5 Gbit/s random signal and gets four 622 Mbit/s signals at the output. The main circuits include a trans-impedance amplifier （TIA）, a limiting amplifier, a clock and data recovery （CDR） unit, and a 1： 4 demultiplexer （DEMUX）. Test results prove the logic functions of the transmitter to be right, and the 10% to 90% rise and fall times of transmitter＇s output data eye diagram are 211.1 ps and 200 ps, respectively. The sensitivity of the receiver is measured to be better than 20 mV. The root mean square jitter of the DEMUX＇s output data is 15.6 ps and that of the clock after 1： 4 frequency dividing is 1.9 ps. Two chips are both applicable to 2.5 Gbit/s optical fiber communication systems.展开更多
A behavioral model of the photodiode is presented.The model describes the relationship between photocurrent and incident optical power,and it also illustrates the impact of the reverse bias to the variation of the jun...A behavioral model of the photodiode is presented.The model describes the relationship between photocurrent and incident optical power,and it also illustrates the impact of the reverse bias to the variation of the junction capacitance.According to this model,the photodiode and a CMOS receiver circuit are simulated and designed simultaneously under a universal circuit simulation environment.展开更多
A monolithically integrated optoelectronic receiver is presented. A silicon-based photo-diode and receiver circuits are integrated on identical substrates in order to eliminate the parasitics induced by hybrid packagi...A monolithically integrated optoelectronic receiver is presented. A silicon-based photo-diode and receiver circuits are integrated on identical substrates in order to eliminate the parasitics induced by hybrid packaging. Implemented in the present deep sub-micron MS/RF （mixed signal, radio frequency） CMOS,this monolithically OEIC takes advantage of several new features to improve the performance of the photo-diode and eventually the whole OEIC.展开更多
A novel AIN monolithic microchannel cooled heatsink for high power laser diode array is introduced.The high power stack laser diode array with an AIN monolithic microchannel heatsink is fabricated and tested.The therm...A novel AIN monolithic microchannel cooled heatsink for high power laser diode array is introduced.The high power stack laser diode array with an AIN monolithic microchannel heatsink is fabricated and tested.The thermal impedance of a 10 stack laser diode array is 0 121℃/W.The pitch between two adjacent bars is 1 17mm.The power level of 611W is achieved under the 20% duty factor condition at an emission wavelength around 808nm.展开更多
Monolithic electro absorption modulated distributed feedback(DFB) lasers are proposed and fabricated by using a modified double stack active layer.The 38mA threshold,9dB extinction ratio (from 0 5V to 3 0V),and ab...Monolithic electro absorption modulated distributed feedback(DFB) lasers are proposed and fabricated by using a modified double stack active layer.The 38mA threshold,9dB extinction ratio (from 0 5V to 3 0V),and about 5mW output power at the 100mA operation current are achieved.Compared with other reported results (only 1 5mW at the same operation current) of the traditional stack active structure,the proposed structure improves the output power of devices.展开更多
A monolithic series of Cu-Mn-Ce oxides supported on cordierites with different Cu/Mn/Ce molar ratios were prepared by the in-situ sol-gel method without any binder. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electro...A monolithic series of Cu-Mn-Ce oxides supported on cordierites with different Cu/Mn/Ce molar ratios were prepared by the in-situ sol-gel method without any binder. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method （BET） and examined in the catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds （VOCs）. The results showed that the well-dispersed nanometer particles of mixed oxides adhered firmly to the cordierite surface. Cu0.15Mn0.3Ce55/cordierite was identified as the most active catalyst. Compared with commercial Pd/Al2O3, Cu0.15Mn0.3Ce55/cordierite showed higher activities for the combustion of various types of VOCs, especially for oxy-derivative compounds which could be lighted off below 200 ℃.展开更多
Two kinds of monolithically fabricated circuits are demonstrated in GaAs-based material systems using resonant tunneling diodes（RTD） and metal-semiconductor-metal photo detectors（MSM PD）. The electronic characteri...Two kinds of monolithically fabricated circuits are demonstrated in GaAs-based material systems using resonant tunneling diodes（RTD） and metal-semiconductor-metal photo detectors（MSM PD）. The electronic characteristics of these fabricated RTD devices,MSM devices,and integrated circuits are tested at room temperature. The results show that the current peak-to-valley ratio is 4,and the photocurrent at 5V is enhanced by a factor of nearly 9,from 2 to about 18μA by use of recessed electrodes. The working theory and logical functions of the circuits are validated.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272177,12204010)the Foundation for the Introduction of High-Level Talents of Anhui University(S020118002/097)+1 种基金the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(GXXT-2023-066)the Scientific Research Project of Anhui Provincial Higher Education Institution(2023AH040008)。
文摘Flexible electronics face critical challenges in achieving monolithic three-dimensional(3D)integration,including material compatibility,structural stability,and scalable fabrication methods.Inspired by the tactile sensing mechanism of the human skin,we have developed a flexible monolithic 3D-integrated tactile sensing system based on a holey MXene paste,where each vertical one-body unit simultaneously functions as a microsupercapacitor and pressure sensor.The in-plane mesopores of MXene significantly improve ion accessibility,mitigate the self-stacking of nanosheets,and allow the holey MXene to multifunctionally act as a sensing material,an active electrode,and a conductive interconnect,thus drastically reducing the interface mismatch and enhancing the mechanical robustness.Furthermore,we fabricate a large-scale device using a blade-coating and stamping method,which demonstrates excellent mechanical flexibility,low-power consumption,rapid response,and stable long-term operation.As a proof-of-concept application,we integrate our sensing array into a smart access control system,leveraging deep learning to accurately identify users based on their unique pressing behaviors.This study provides a promising approach for designing highly integrated,intelligent,and flexible electronic systems for advanced human-computer interactions and personalized electronics.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22325804 and 22308148)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230344)+1 种基金the Natural Science Research Project of Jiangsu University(22KJB610001)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2023ZB505)。
文摘Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))can be efficiently converted and utilized through the CO_(2) methanation reaction,which has significant potential benefits for the environment and the economy.The contradiction between the thermodynamics and kinetics of the CO_(2) methanation reaction process leads to low CO_(2) conversion at 200-350℃and low methane selectivity at 350-500℃.The utilization of catalysts can solve the contradiction between kinetics and thermodynamics,achieving high CO_(2) methanation efficiency at low temperatures.However,the poor thermal conductivity of powder catalysts leads to the rapid accumulation of heat,resulting in the formation of hot spots,which can cause the sintering or even deactivation of active species.To solve this problem,researchers have focused on monolithic catalysts with integrated reaction systems.This review categorizes the monolithic catalysts into two main groups based on their unique characteristics,namely structured catalysts and catalytic membrane reactors.The characteristics of these monolithic catalysts,commonly used support materials,preparation techniques,and their applications in the CO_(2) methanation reaction are discussed in depth.These studies provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the design and optimization of structured catalysts and catalytic membrane reactors.Finally,challenges and prospects in the application of monolithic catalysts for the CO_(2) methanation reaction are proposed for the future development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52405414)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M762580)+1 种基金Young Talent Fund of Xi'an Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.0959202513033)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities,and the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities.The authors gratefully acknowledge the support by the Instrumental Analysis Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University for sample characterization.
文摘In the background of carbon neutrality,monolithic ceramic catalysts are universally used in energy conversion and chemical catalysis due to the high heat and mass transfer efficiencies,low bed pressures,and scalability through modular design.However,traditional manufacturing processes are limited by mold dependence,organic solvent toxicity,and insufficient molding capability for complex structures,resulting in difficulty achieving precise regulation of cross-scale pores.Additive manufacturing(AM)technology employs a digital layered molding strategy to achieve the cross-scale structural regulation of catalysts from macroscopic flow channels to mesopores and micropores.This paper summarizes recent advances in the structural design of monolithic catalysts enabled by AM technologies and highlights their emerging applications in catalytic processes.Structurally,AM-fabricated monoliths have been effectively employed in key chemical reactions such as fuel reforming,CO_(2)conversion,biofuel synthesis.Strategies such as geometrical topology optimization,multi-scale pore synergy,biomimetic structural design,and functional gradient integration have been utilized to enhance heat and mass transport,reduce pressure drops,and improve overall catalytic performance.By overcoming the limitations of traditional catalysts,AM technologies create a new paradigm for addressing the longstanding challenge of coupling mass transfer with reaction kinetics.This approach provides a feasible pathway for driving both theoretical innovation and practical implementation of high-efficiency catalytic systems.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3702800).
文摘Monolithic aerogels are promising candidates for use in atmospheric environmental purification due to their structural advantages,such as fine building block size together with high specific surface area,abundant pore structure,etc.Additionally,monolithic aerogels possess a unique monolithic macrostructure that sets them apart from aerogel powders and nanoparticles in practical environmental clean-up applications.This review delves into the available synthesis strategies and atmospheric environmental applications of monolithic aerogels,covering types of monolithic aerogels including SiO_(2),graphene,metal oxides and their combinations,along with their preparation methods.In particular,recent developments for VOC adsorption,CO_(2)capture,catalytic oxidation of VOCs and catalytic reduction of CO_(2)are highlighted.Finally,challenges and future opportunities for monolithic aerogels in the atmospheric environmental purification field are proposed.This reviewprovides valuable insights for designing and utilizing monolithic aerogel-based functional materials.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12172160)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.JCYJ20220818100600002)+1 种基金South-ern University of Science and Technology(Grant No.Y01326127)the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(Grant Nos.2020B1212030001 and 2021QN020642).
文摘We propose a suite of strategies for the parallel solution of fully implicit monolithic fluid-structure interaction(FSI).The solver is based on a modeling approach that uses the velocity and pressure as the primitive variables,which offers a bridge between computational fluid dynamics(CFD)and computational structural dynamics.The spatiotemporal discretization leverages the variational multiscale formulation and the generalized-αmethod as a means of providing a robust discrete scheme.In particular,the time integration scheme does not suffer from the overshoot phenomenon and optimally dissipates high-frequency spurious modes in both subproblems of FSI.Based on the chosen fully implicit scheme,we systematically develop a combined suite of nonlinear and linear solver strategies.Invoking a block factorization of the Jacobian matrix,the Newton-Raphson procedure is reduced to solving two smaller linear systems in the multi-corrector stage.The first is of the elliptic type,indicating that the algebraic multigrid method serves as a well-suited option.The second exhibits a two-by-two block structure that is analogous to the system arising in CFD.Inspired by prior studies,the additive Schwarz domain decomposition method and the block-factorization-based preconditioners are invoked to address the linear problem.Since the number of unknowns matches in both subdomains,it is straightforward to balance loads when parallelizing the algorithm for distributed-memory architectures.We use two representative FSI benchmarks to demonstrate the robustness,efficiency,and scalability of the overall FSI solver framework.In particular,it is found that the developed FSI solver is comparable to the CFD solver in several aspects,including fixed-size and isogranular scalability as well as robustness.
基金Science and Technology Department of Henan Pro vince Fund Project(Grant No.144300510019)
文摘Lappaconitine is a water-insoluble drug, which was used as model drug in this study. Currently, two osmotically controlled delivery systems that are widely used for water-insoluble drug are monolithic osmotic tablet （MOT） and push-pull osmotic pump （PPOP）. In the present study, lappaconitine solid dispersion monolithic osmotic tablet （lappaconitine-SD-MOT） and lappaconitine-PPOP were developed. The prepared lappaconitine-PPOP was able to delivery drug at the rate of approximate zero-order （r = 0.9931）, and the cumulative release was above 95.0%. The lappaconitine-SD-MOT showed a comparatively poor linearity when the data were plotted according to the zero-order equation （r = 0.9798）, and the cumulative release was 84.69%. Lappaconitine-PPOP exhibited better controlled drug release （higher regression value） compared with lappaconitine-SD-MOT. The similarity index （f2） between lappaconitine-PPOP and lappaconitine-SD-MOT was 49.1 （〈50）. A clear difference of drug release characteristics between the lappaconitine-SD-MOT and lappaconitine-PPOP was revealed. It indicated that the drug release performance of lappaconitine-PPOP could gain favorable zero-order kinetics and higher cumulative release compared with lappaconitine-SD-MOT. Therefore, these results suggested that PPOP was still a very effective device for the delivery of poorly water-soluble drug with zero-order pattern.
基金National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the 12~(th) Five-year Plan Period(Grant No.2012BAI29B08)
文摘The objective of this study was to prepare monolithic osmotic tablet of quercetin for controlled drug release. Quercetin-PVP solid dispersion was prepared to enhance its solubility and dissolution rate. Solid dispersion, suspending agents, osmotic agents and other conventional excipients were used as tablet core composition and cellulose acetate （CA） with plasticizer as release controlling membrane. Different formulation variables, the amounts of PEO （polyethylene oxide）, NaC1, plasticizer, and coating weight gain were optimized to gain the optimum formulation. The mechanism of drug release from monolithic osmotic tablet was also discussed. The optimal monolithic osmotic pump tablet could deliver quercetin at the rate of approximate zero-order up to 12 h, and the cumulative release was 90.74%. The developed monolithic osmotic system for quercetin loaded by solid dispersion was found to be a promising approach for controlled release of poorly-water soluble drug candidates.
文摘The monolithic integrated micro sensor is an important direction in the fields of integrated circuits and micro sensors. In this paper,a monolithic thermal vacuum sensor based on a micro-hotplate （MHP） and operating under constant bias voltage conditions was designed. A new monolithic integrating mode was proposed,in which the dielectric and passiva- tion layers in standard CMOS processes were used as sensor structure layers,gate polysilicon as the sacrificial layer,and the second polysilicon layer as the sensor heating resistor. Then, the fabricating processes were designed and the monolithic thermal vacuum sensor was fabricated with a 0. 6μm mixed signal CMOS process followed by sacrificial layer etching technology. The measurement results show that the fabricated monolithic vacuum sensor can measure the pressure range of 2- 10^5 Pa and the output voltage is adjustable.
文摘The reservoir-monolithic type of the controlled release systems is investigated currently,however,the existing kinetic model could not describe the release process well because the release kinetics is rather complicated.In this paper,a simplified release kinetic model for diffusion-controlled monolithic matrix coated with outer membrane systems is proposed and verified by the experimental data of mercaptopurinum release experiment.It shows that the model can well describe the release mechanism (the relative error is under 3%) when drug loading (C d) is above its solubility limit (C s).At the same time,the release characteristics of special cases (D mD f and D mD f) are discussed theoretically.When D mD f the release rate becomes constant,namely,zero order release,and the release rate is independent of the drug membrane.This result provides the theoretical basis for the system of zero order release as well as how to control the release rate and the amount of drug release.When D mD f,the release rate is dependent on the drug release coefficient in the monolithic matrix,solubility and drug loading but independent of the process in the outer membrane,and it is similar to monolithic matrix type.
文摘A new type strongly gain coupled (GC) DFB laser and a new type self alignment spot size converter (SA SSC) are proposed and successfully fabricated.The strongly GC DFB laser is monolithically integrated with the SA SSC with three step epitaxies.A high single mode yield and large side mode suppression ratio is obtained from the strongly GC DFB laser.A near circle far field pattern is obtained by using the SA SSC.
文摘Based on the principle of chemical engineering in the multisubject field—drug delivery, the release kinetics of the slab monolithic matrix with an initially linear concentration distribution is studied in this paper. It can be used to describe the later stage when drug loading is above its solubility limit. A comprehensive model is proposed and the generalized solutions are acquired by Laplace transformation, from which a special case, i.e. a perfect sink has been deduced. According to the derived equations, the concentration profiles in the matrix has been computed and illustrated and the effect of volume of extraction medium on release has been investigated.
基金The National High Technology Research and Develop-ment Program of China (863 Program) (No.2001AA312010).
文摘2.5 Gbit/s monolithic integrated circuits （ICs） for optical fiber transmitter and receiver in 0.35 μm CMOS （complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor） process are presented. The transmitter, which includes a 4： 1 multiplexer and a laser diode driver （LDD）, has four 622 Mbit/s random signals as its inputs and gets a 2.5 Gbit/s driving signal as its output; the receiver detects a 2.5 Gbit/s random signal and gets four 622 Mbit/s signals at the output. The main circuits include a trans-impedance amplifier （TIA）, a limiting amplifier, a clock and data recovery （CDR） unit, and a 1： 4 demultiplexer （DEMUX）. Test results prove the logic functions of the transmitter to be right, and the 10% to 90% rise and fall times of transmitter＇s output data eye diagram are 211.1 ps and 200 ps, respectively. The sensitivity of the receiver is measured to be better than 20 mV. The root mean square jitter of the DEMUX＇s output data is 15.6 ps and that of the clock after 1： 4 frequency dividing is 1.9 ps. Two chips are both applicable to 2.5 Gbit/s optical fiber communication systems.
文摘A behavioral model of the photodiode is presented.The model describes the relationship between photocurrent and incident optical power,and it also illustrates the impact of the reverse bias to the variation of the junction capacitance.According to this model,the photodiode and a CMOS receiver circuit are simulated and designed simultaneously under a universal circuit simulation environment.
文摘A monolithically integrated optoelectronic receiver is presented. A silicon-based photo-diode and receiver circuits are integrated on identical substrates in order to eliminate the parasitics induced by hybrid packaging. Implemented in the present deep sub-micron MS/RF （mixed signal, radio frequency） CMOS,this monolithically OEIC takes advantage of several new features to improve the performance of the photo-diode and eventually the whole OEIC.
文摘A novel AIN monolithic microchannel cooled heatsink for high power laser diode array is introduced.The high power stack laser diode array with an AIN monolithic microchannel heatsink is fabricated and tested.The thermal impedance of a 10 stack laser diode array is 0 121℃/W.The pitch between two adjacent bars is 1 17mm.The power level of 611W is achieved under the 20% duty factor condition at an emission wavelength around 808nm.
文摘Monolithic electro absorption modulated distributed feedback(DFB) lasers are proposed and fabricated by using a modified double stack active layer.The 38mA threshold,9dB extinction ratio (from 0 5V to 3 0V),and about 5mW output power at the 100mA operation current are achieved.Compared with other reported results (only 1 5mW at the same operation current) of the traditional stack active structure,the proposed structure improves the output power of devices.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (21107096)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Y5090202)
文摘A monolithic series of Cu-Mn-Ce oxides supported on cordierites with different Cu/Mn/Ce molar ratios were prepared by the in-situ sol-gel method without any binder. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method （BET） and examined in the catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds （VOCs）. The results showed that the well-dispersed nanometer particles of mixed oxides adhered firmly to the cordierite surface. Cu0.15Mn0.3Ce55/cordierite was identified as the most active catalyst. Compared with commercial Pd/Al2O3, Cu0.15Mn0.3Ce55/cordierite showed higher activities for the combustion of various types of VOCs, especially for oxy-derivative compounds which could be lighted off below 200 ℃.
文摘Two kinds of monolithically fabricated circuits are demonstrated in GaAs-based material systems using resonant tunneling diodes（RTD） and metal-semiconductor-metal photo detectors（MSM PD）. The electronic characteristics of these fabricated RTD devices,MSM devices,and integrated circuits are tested at room temperature. The results show that the current peak-to-valley ratio is 4,and the photocurrent at 5V is enhanced by a factor of nearly 9,from 2 to about 18μA by use of recessed electrodes. The working theory and logical functions of the circuits are validated.
