On March 28, 2007, six people were buried by a cave-in at Suzhoujie Station on Line 10 of the Beijing Subway. The fatalities were caused when the unit in charge of construction foiled to implement a timely e-vacuation...On March 28, 2007, six people were buried by a cave-in at Suzhoujie Station on Line 10 of the Beijing Subway. The fatalities were caused when the unit in charge of construction foiled to implement a timely e-vacuation after a construction accident took place. (See Beijing Youth, April 1, 2007) .展开更多
To control drug effects by detecting temperature difference between biologically active point（BAP）and intact area of skin for treatment of mental illness,a device is developed for monitoring the temperature of BAP a...To control drug effects by detecting temperature difference between biologically active point（BAP）and intact area of skin for treatment of mental illness,a device is developed for monitoring the temperature of BAP and the dose medication and its change in real time to increase effectiveness of treatment.Two electrodes by Foll R method are used and BAP is determined based on topographic anatomical reference points.The temperature values are measured by integral thermometers DS18B20.the received data are processed and temperature difference is calculated and displayed under the control of microcontroller Atmega32.The obtained data confirm the correlation between the temperature difference indicators BAP C7,Gi4 and neurological scales assessing severity of mental illness.The experimetal results show that the temperature difference can be criteria for evaluating the effects of drugs,which is the basis for computer control systems of of medical process of mental patients.展开更多
GNSS provides users with all-weather and high-precision Positioning,Navigation and Timing(PNT)services globally.It is widely used in the fields such as smart transportation,remote sensing and aerospace.In the areas su...GNSS provides users with all-weather and high-precision Positioning,Navigation and Timing(PNT)services globally.It is widely used in the fields such as smart transportation,remote sensing and aerospace.In the areas such as aerospace,high requirements for GNSS performance,like accuracy,anti-interference,availability,integrity,are demanded.This special issue of CJA collects articles which focus on the latest progress of GNSS algorithms and applications.With the support of CJA,studies related to ionospheric effect monitoring,GNSS interference,integrated navigation,GNSS augmentation,etc.are highlighted in this special issue.展开更多
The regulation of the National Significant Seismic Monitoring and Protection Regions(NSSMPR for short) is defined by the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters.T...The regulation of the National Significant Seismic Monitoring and Protection Regions(NSSMPR for short) is defined by the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters.The first stage of implementation of the regulation of NSSMPR in the Chinese mainland was finished from 1996 to 2005.The second stage is being carried on from 2006 to 2020.With the support of the National Social Science Foundation,this paper follows up and evaluates the implementation of the regulation of NSSMPR from 1996 to 2012 in the Chinese mainland.Based on analysis of earthquake examples and investigation data,we find that the effect of disaster mitigation is good,and on this basis,some suggestions are proposed to improve the regulation of NSSMPR.展开更多
The authors would like to apologize for some mistakes in the letter on Chinese Optics Letters vol. 12, no. 11, page 111701 and wish to make the corrections described below：
With the increasing demand for batteries,the real-time in situ monitoring of the physical/chemical state within the“black box”is critical to improving battery performance.Consequently,the development of a cost-effec...With the increasing demand for batteries,the real-time in situ monitoring of the physical/chemical state within the“black box”is critical to improving battery performance.Consequently,the development of a cost-effective and in situ battery monitoring system that does not interfere with the normal operation of the battery is imminent.Traditional monitoring techniques are constrained by size,reliability,and scalability.Optical fiber sensors offer a distinctive advantage in enabling highly sensitive,multiparameter in situ measurements in the harsh electrochemical environment of batteries.By decoding these characteristic parameters,it helps to establish the evolution mechanism of the battery’s safety state.Additionally,the integration of advanced lab-on-fiber technology with battery monitoring systems has attracted considerable attention.This review summarizes the recent advances in optical fiber sensing technology in the fields of battery temperature and mechanical stress/strain and provides an outlook on the future challenges and development of smart batteries.展开更多
This paper examines how independent directors’social capital,as measured by their social network,affects corporate fraud.We find that firms with wellconnected independent directors are less likely to commit fraud,sup...This paper examines how independent directors’social capital,as measured by their social network,affects corporate fraud.We find that firms with wellconnected independent directors are less likely to commit fraud,supporting our monitoring effect hypothesis.This result is robust to a battery of tests.Further analyses show that the effect is stronger for firms with a relatively poor legal environment,for firms whose independent directors face strong reputation incentives and when independent directors are audit committee members.Moreover,we explore a potential economic mechanism of the effect and observe that well-connected independent directors are associated with less absenteeism and more dissension.Overall,our findings suggest that independent directors’social capital plays an important role in corporate governance.展开更多
CF_(4)is a major decomposition product of the insulating gas in C_(4)F_(7)N-insulated gasinsulated metal-enclosed switchgear(GIS)during partial discharge or overheating faults.Its detection is essential for effective ...CF_(4)is a major decomposition product of the insulating gas in C_(4)F_(7)N-insulated gasinsulated metal-enclosed switchgear(GIS)during partial discharge or overheating faults.Its detection is essential for effective online monitoring and fault diagnosis of GIS.However,the application of photoacoustic spectroscopy for CF_(4)detection is hampered by significant cross-interference from the background C_(4)F_(7)N gas.In this paper,quantum chemical calculations revealed that C_(4)F_(7)N hydrolyses to form perfluoroisobutyrate and ammonia under base catalysis,exhibiting a low reaction energy barrier and high Gibbs free energy change,indicating ease of initiation and substantial reaction extent.This chemical specificity,unlike the stable CF_(4)which does not undergo such a reaction,enables selective purification of the gas to be detected through this hydrolysis reaction.Leveraging this insight,an experimental system was constructed that cascades chemical absorption purification with photoacoustic spectroscopy detection.This system effectively mitigates the cross-interference of C_(4)F_(7)N in CF_(4)detection by selectively absorbing C_(4)F_(7)N with over 95%efficiency through a base-catalysed nucleophilic hydrolysis reaction.This enabled the precise detection of trace amounts of CF_(4)against a substantial background of C_(4)F_(7)N with a detection limit reaching 14.79μL/L.This advancement offers support for the online monitoring and fault diagnosis of eco-friendly GIS.展开更多
The governance effects of directors’and officers’liability insurance(D&O insurance),an important tool for risk diversification,are of strong concern in the capital market.Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed...The governance effects of directors’and officers’liability insurance(D&O insurance),an important tool for risk diversification,are of strong concern in the capital market.Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed firms from2009 to 2018,we examine the impact of D&O insurance on excess corporate leverage.We find that D&O insurance is negatively associated with excess corporate leverage and that this result is consistent with a series of robustness tests.Further analyses show that D&O insurance impedes excess corporate leverage mainly because of its effect on external monitoring.The effect is more pronounced for firms that are state-owned,have political connections and are located in provinces with low marketization than for other firms.展开更多
The deep dielectric charging effect monitor(DDCEM)has been designed to study the internal charging effect by measuring the charging currents and potentials inside the spacecraft.It is equipped on three Chinese navigat...The deep dielectric charging effect monitor(DDCEM)has been designed to study the internal charging effect by measuring the charging currents and potentials inside the spacecraft.It is equipped on three Chinese navigation satellites in a circular medium earth orbit(MEO)with 22000 km average height and 55°inclinations.Numerical simulation based on the Geant4-RIC method was used to evaluate the data of DDCEM.The data during May to November 2019 on one of the three satellites show that the charging currents of DDCEM were negatively enhanced when the satellite moved into the outer radiation belt.The currents reached the negative maximum during a significant electron enhancement in September 2019.Positive currents were also detected besides negative currents that were caused by the deposition of electrons in the sensor.The causation of positive currents in the space environment may be that the low-energy electrons cannot penetrate the satellite skin and make it charging to negative potential,the reference ground of DDCEM that is connected to the satellite skin drops below zero by the low-energy electrons so that the output currents turn to positive.Ground experiment was used to simulate the causation of positive currents and the result verified our theory.展开更多
文摘On March 28, 2007, six people were buried by a cave-in at Suzhoujie Station on Line 10 of the Beijing Subway. The fatalities were caused when the unit in charge of construction foiled to implement a timely e-vacuation after a construction accident took place. (See Beijing Youth, April 1, 2007) .
文摘To control drug effects by detecting temperature difference between biologically active point（BAP）and intact area of skin for treatment of mental illness,a device is developed for monitoring the temperature of BAP and the dose medication and its change in real time to increase effectiveness of treatment.Two electrodes by Foll R method are used and BAP is determined based on topographic anatomical reference points.The temperature values are measured by integral thermometers DS18B20.the received data are processed and temperature difference is calculated and displayed under the control of microcontroller Atmega32.The obtained data confirm the correlation between the temperature difference indicators BAP C7,Gi4 and neurological scales assessing severity of mental illness.The experimetal results show that the temperature difference can be criteria for evaluating the effects of drugs,which is the basis for computer control systems of of medical process of mental patients.
文摘GNSS provides users with all-weather and high-precision Positioning,Navigation and Timing(PNT)services globally.It is widely used in the fields such as smart transportation,remote sensing and aerospace.In the areas such as aerospace,high requirements for GNSS performance,like accuracy,anti-interference,availability,integrity,are demanded.This special issue of CJA collects articles which focus on the latest progress of GNSS algorithms and applications.With the support of CJA,studies related to ionospheric effect monitoring,GNSS interference,integrated navigation,GNSS augmentation,etc.are highlighted in this special issue.
基金sponsored by the National Social Science Foundation of China"Research on the Status,Efficiencies and the Policy on the National Significant Seismic Monitoring and Protection Regions"(11&ZD054)
文摘The regulation of the National Significant Seismic Monitoring and Protection Regions(NSSMPR for short) is defined by the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters.The first stage of implementation of the regulation of NSSMPR in the Chinese mainland was finished from 1996 to 2005.The second stage is being carried on from 2006 to 2020.With the support of the National Social Science Foundation,this paper follows up and evaluates the implementation of the regulation of NSSMPR from 1996 to 2012 in the Chinese mainland.Based on analysis of earthquake examples and investigation data,we find that the effect of disaster mitigation is good,and on this basis,some suggestions are proposed to improve the regulation of NSSMPR.
文摘The authors would like to apologize for some mistakes in the letter on Chinese Optics Letters vol. 12, no. 11, page 111701 and wish to make the corrections described below：
基金support by the National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFB2503700)the Tsinghua University-China Petrochemical Corporation Joint Institute for Green Chemical Engineering(224247)+1 种基金the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z2311-00006123003)the National Science Foundation of China(22071133).
文摘With the increasing demand for batteries,the real-time in situ monitoring of the physical/chemical state within the“black box”is critical to improving battery performance.Consequently,the development of a cost-effective and in situ battery monitoring system that does not interfere with the normal operation of the battery is imminent.Traditional monitoring techniques are constrained by size,reliability,and scalability.Optical fiber sensors offer a distinctive advantage in enabling highly sensitive,multiparameter in situ measurements in the harsh electrochemical environment of batteries.By decoding these characteristic parameters,it helps to establish the evolution mechanism of the battery’s safety state.Additionally,the integration of advanced lab-on-fiber technology with battery monitoring systems has attracted considerable attention.This review summarizes the recent advances in optical fiber sensing technology in the fields of battery temperature and mechanical stress/strain and provides an outlook on the future challenges and development of smart batteries.
文摘This paper examines how independent directors’social capital,as measured by their social network,affects corporate fraud.We find that firms with wellconnected independent directors are less likely to commit fraud,supporting our monitoring effect hypothesis.This result is robust to a battery of tests.Further analyses show that the effect is stronger for firms with a relatively poor legal environment,for firms whose independent directors face strong reputation incentives and when independent directors are audit committee members.Moreover,we explore a potential economic mechanism of the effect and observe that well-connected independent directors are associated with less absenteeism and more dissension.Overall,our findings suggest that independent directors’social capital plays an important role in corporate governance.
基金Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(SGCC),Grant/Award Number:5500-202355794A-3-8-KJ。
文摘CF_(4)is a major decomposition product of the insulating gas in C_(4)F_(7)N-insulated gasinsulated metal-enclosed switchgear(GIS)during partial discharge or overheating faults.Its detection is essential for effective online monitoring and fault diagnosis of GIS.However,the application of photoacoustic spectroscopy for CF_(4)detection is hampered by significant cross-interference from the background C_(4)F_(7)N gas.In this paper,quantum chemical calculations revealed that C_(4)F_(7)N hydrolyses to form perfluoroisobutyrate and ammonia under base catalysis,exhibiting a low reaction energy barrier and high Gibbs free energy change,indicating ease of initiation and substantial reaction extent.This chemical specificity,unlike the stable CF_(4)which does not undergo such a reaction,enables selective purification of the gas to be detected through this hydrolysis reaction.Leveraging this insight,an experimental system was constructed that cascades chemical absorption purification with photoacoustic spectroscopy detection.This system effectively mitigates the cross-interference of C_(4)F_(7)N in CF_(4)detection by selectively absorbing C_(4)F_(7)N with over 95%efficiency through a base-catalysed nucleophilic hydrolysis reaction.This enabled the precise detection of trace amounts of CF_(4)against a substantial background of C_(4)F_(7)N with a detection limit reaching 14.79μL/L.This advancement offers support for the online monitoring and fault diagnosis of eco-friendly GIS.
基金supported by the National Social Science Youth Foundation of China(Project No.20CGL014)the Social Science Planning Project in Chongqing,China(Project No.2021BS084)
文摘The governance effects of directors’and officers’liability insurance(D&O insurance),an important tool for risk diversification,are of strong concern in the capital market.Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed firms from2009 to 2018,we examine the impact of D&O insurance on excess corporate leverage.We find that D&O insurance is negatively associated with excess corporate leverage and that this result is consistent with a series of robustness tests.Further analyses show that D&O insurance impedes excess corporate leverage mainly because of its effect on external monitoring.The effect is more pronounced for firms that are state-owned,have political connections and are located in provinces with low marketization than for other firms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41374181)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 3184048)
文摘The deep dielectric charging effect monitor(DDCEM)has been designed to study the internal charging effect by measuring the charging currents and potentials inside the spacecraft.It is equipped on three Chinese navigation satellites in a circular medium earth orbit(MEO)with 22000 km average height and 55°inclinations.Numerical simulation based on the Geant4-RIC method was used to evaluate the data of DDCEM.The data during May to November 2019 on one of the three satellites show that the charging currents of DDCEM were negatively enhanced when the satellite moved into the outer radiation belt.The currents reached the negative maximum during a significant electron enhancement in September 2019.Positive currents were also detected besides negative currents that were caused by the deposition of electrons in the sensor.The causation of positive currents in the space environment may be that the low-energy electrons cannot penetrate the satellite skin and make it charging to negative potential,the reference ground of DDCEM that is connected to the satellite skin drops below zero by the low-energy electrons so that the output currents turn to positive.Ground experiment was used to simulate the causation of positive currents and the result verified our theory.
