Objective:To delineate reliable morphological characteristics for identifying and separating female Phlebotomus caucasicus and Phlebotomus mongolensis which exist sympatrically in the main foci of zoonotic cutaneous l...Objective:To delineate reliable morphological characteristics for identifying and separating female Phlebotomus caucasicus and Phlebotomus mongolensis which exist sympatrically in the main foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran.Methods:Sand flies were collected using sticky trap papers from active colonies of rodent burrows installed from 16 catching sites.Morphometric measurements were analyzed of 87 Phlebotomus caucasicus and 156 Phlebotomus mongolensis.Univariate and multivariate analysis were carried out to determine significant morphometric variables for discrimination of the two species.Finally,seven morphological characteristics of 65 female Phlebotomus caucasicus and 124 female Phlebotomus mongolensis were described.Results:Univariate and multivariate analyses of 10 morphometric variables via Discriminant Function Analysis(DFA)and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)showed that five morphometric variables had an accuracy of 100%for discriminating female Phlebotomus caucasicus and Phlebotomus mongolensis.Moreover,PCA revealed that the five morphometric variables with the highest loadings separated these two species.Morphological studies on antennal flagellum(and its associated structures)and mouth-parts of female specimens demonstrated significant differences in several structures.Conclusions:The results show that morphological and morphometrical features can be used to discriminate two female isomorphic species,Phlebotomus caucasicus and Phlebotomus mongolensis accurately.展开更多
After the existence of phlebotomine sand flies was first reported in China in 1910,the distribution of different species and their role in the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis(VL)have been extensively studied.Up...After the existence of phlebotomine sand flies was first reported in China in 1910,the distribution of different species and their role in the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis(VL)have been extensively studied.Up until 2008,four species have been verified as vectors of VL,namely,Phlebotomus chinensis(Ph.sichuanensis),Ph.longiductus(Ph.chinensis longiductus),Ph.wui(Ph.major wui),and Ph.alexandri.The sand fly species vary greatly depending on the natural environments in the different geographic areas where they are endemic.Ph.chinensis is euryecious and adaptable to different ecologies,and is thus distributed widely in the plain,mountainous,and Loess Plateau regions north of the Yangtze River.Ph.longiductus is mainly distributed in ancient oasis areas south of Mt.Tianshan in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.Ph.wui is the predominant species in deserts with Populus diversifolia and Tamarix vegetation in Xinjiang and the western part of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region.Finally,Ph.alexandri is steroecious and found only in stony desert areas,such as at the foot of the mountains in Xinjiang and the western Hexi Corridor,in Gansu province.This review summarized the relationship between the geographic distribution pattern of the four sand fly species and their geographical landscape in order to foster research on disease distribution and sand fly control planning.Furthermore,some problems that remained to be solved about vectors of VL in China were discussed.展开更多
基金supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences(Project No.27252)
文摘Objective:To delineate reliable morphological characteristics for identifying and separating female Phlebotomus caucasicus and Phlebotomus mongolensis which exist sympatrically in the main foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran.Methods:Sand flies were collected using sticky trap papers from active colonies of rodent burrows installed from 16 catching sites.Morphometric measurements were analyzed of 87 Phlebotomus caucasicus and 156 Phlebotomus mongolensis.Univariate and multivariate analysis were carried out to determine significant morphometric variables for discrimination of the two species.Finally,seven morphological characteristics of 65 female Phlebotomus caucasicus and 124 female Phlebotomus mongolensis were described.Results:Univariate and multivariate analyses of 10 morphometric variables via Discriminant Function Analysis(DFA)and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)showed that five morphometric variables had an accuracy of 100%for discriminating female Phlebotomus caucasicus and Phlebotomus mongolensis.Moreover,PCA revealed that the five morphometric variables with the highest loadings separated these two species.Morphological studies on antennal flagellum(and its associated structures)and mouth-parts of female specimens demonstrated significant differences in several structures.Conclusions:The results show that morphological and morphometrical features can be used to discriminate two female isomorphic species,Phlebotomus caucasicus and Phlebotomus mongolensis accurately.
基金supported by the 12th Five-Year Plan for the National Major Program(grant no.2012ZX10004219)the National S&T Major Program(grant no.2012ZX10004220).
文摘After the existence of phlebotomine sand flies was first reported in China in 1910,the distribution of different species and their role in the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis(VL)have been extensively studied.Up until 2008,four species have been verified as vectors of VL,namely,Phlebotomus chinensis(Ph.sichuanensis),Ph.longiductus(Ph.chinensis longiductus),Ph.wui(Ph.major wui),and Ph.alexandri.The sand fly species vary greatly depending on the natural environments in the different geographic areas where they are endemic.Ph.chinensis is euryecious and adaptable to different ecologies,and is thus distributed widely in the plain,mountainous,and Loess Plateau regions north of the Yangtze River.Ph.longiductus is mainly distributed in ancient oasis areas south of Mt.Tianshan in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.Ph.wui is the predominant species in deserts with Populus diversifolia and Tamarix vegetation in Xinjiang and the western part of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region.Finally,Ph.alexandri is steroecious and found only in stony desert areas,such as at the foot of the mountains in Xinjiang and the western Hexi Corridor,in Gansu province.This review summarized the relationship between the geographic distribution pattern of the four sand fly species and their geographical landscape in order to foster research on disease distribution and sand fly control planning.Furthermore,some problems that remained to be solved about vectors of VL in China were discussed.
