The structure and moisture retention of Tremella polysaccharide fermented from GCMCC5.39(FTP)were evaluated.After UV,infrared spectrum analysis,HPAEC-PAD,HPSEC and 1 D NMR analysis,the composition of the purifi ed FTP...The structure and moisture retention of Tremella polysaccharide fermented from GCMCC5.39(FTP)were evaluated.After UV,infrared spectrum analysis,HPAEC-PAD,HPSEC and 1 D NMR analysis,the composition of the purifi ed FTP was determined.Purifi ed components of fermented Tremella polysaccharide(FTPS)was made of galactose,mannose,glucose,galactosmine,glucosamine,and contain a large amount of hydroxyl,carbonyl and amino groups.FTPS wasα-neutral pyranose without uronic acid.FTPS-1 and FTPS-2 were obtained after purifi cation by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow Column.The molecular weights of FTPS-1 and FTPS-2 were 25722 and 177263 Da.FTPS-2 had a better ability to prevent moisture loss,and the optimal moisture retention period was 0–4 h.FTPS-2 could signifi cantly increase the moisture content of the skin epidermis and showed a dose-concentration relationship.The effect of FTPS-2 on the expression of different moisturizing genes was evaluated in a human skin keratinocyte model.The results showed that FTPS-2 has no cytotoxicity,and could signifi cantly promote AQP3,TGM1,CASP14,HYAL2,FLG gene expression level in HaCaT cells.It has the most signifi cant infl uence at HYAL2 protein expression on 50μg/mL.展开更多
Gexianmi moisturizing lotion was prepared from Gexianmi extract, carbomer, EDTA-Na2, citric acid, glycerin, butanediol, ceramide, cetearyl alcohol, hydrogenated polydecene, shea butter, etc., and skin moisture content...Gexianmi moisturizing lotion was prepared from Gexianmi extract, carbomer, EDTA-Na2, citric acid, glycerin, butanediol, ceramide, cetearyl alcohol, hydrogenated polydecene, shea butter, etc., and skin moisture contents of different treatments were measured. The data were analyzed by variance analysis and multiple comparisons. The results showed that: Gexianmi moisturizing lotion had a better moisturizing effect, which was better than that of anthocyanin moisturizing lotion. Therefore, Gexianmi moisturizing lotion can be used to effectively maintain the moisture of the human skin stratum corneum.展开更多
Synthesis of monoglycerides with Cinnamomum burmannii seeds oil and its application in moisturizing cream were studied. The results showed that the optimal transesterification conditions of synthesis of monoglycerides...Synthesis of monoglycerides with Cinnamomum burmannii seeds oil and its application in moisturizing cream were studied. The results showed that the optimal transesterification conditions of synthesis of monoglycerides with Cinnamomum burmannii seeds oil were as follows： the glycerol to oil molar ratio of 3 ： 1 ; NaOH catalyst dosage of 0.8% of the oil mass; reaction temperature of 180 ℃ for 3 hours; and the yield reached 62.6% . The crude product was purified by molecular distillation and the purity of the final product achieved 92.8%. Physicochemical properties of moisturizing cream prepared by using the final product can meet the requirements of China National Standard and the cosmetic product displayed good performance in application.展开更多
The moisturizing effect of a fresh-milk cream after single and long-term application was studied by the combination of subjective and instrumental methods.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the moisturizing eff...The moisturizing effect of a fresh-milk cream after single and long-term application was studied by the combination of subjective and instrumental methods.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the moisturizing efficacy of fresh milk as a moisturizer in skin care products.Thirty female subjects aged 18~55 years were enrolled and a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled comparison study was applied in this research.The stratum corneum water content and transdermal water loss on the cheek,and VISIA-CR images of the whole face were recorded after using the samples.The subjective evaluation of the subjects were also collected.The results showed that the fresh milk cream played a significant role in increasing the water content of facial stratum corneum,improving the transdermal water loss and skin redness compared with the base formula without fresh milk.It indicated that fresh milk can be added to skin care products as a moisturizing agent,which can replenish moisture and enhance the skin barrier function.展开更多
This paper briefly introduces the human body evaluation test method of cosmetics moisturizing efficacy test,according to stratum corneum moisture content test,skin moisturizing capacity test and other test methods and...This paper briefly introduces the human body evaluation test method of cosmetics moisturizing efficacy test,according to stratum corneum moisture content test,skin moisturizing capacity test and other test methods and the instruments used are briefly introduced,so as to provide ideas for scientific and rigorous experimental scheme design and scientific basis for the claim of moisturizing effect.展开更多
[Objectives] The research aimed to optimize extraction process of fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme( FSF) and study its moisturizing performance. [Methods]Extracting condition of FSF by cellulase hydrolysis-ultrasonic...[Objectives] The research aimed to optimize extraction process of fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme( FSF) and study its moisturizing performance. [Methods]Extracting condition of FSF by cellulase hydrolysis-ultrasonic assisted extraction method was optimized. The influences of solvent p H,enzyme dosage,extraction temperature,cellulose hydrolysis time,ultrasonication time,and the ratio of material to liquid on FSF were investigated by single factor and orthogonal experiments. [Results] The optimum extraction conditions were as followings:p H,4. 5; enzyme dosage,1%; extraction temperature,40℃; cellulose hydrolysis time,2 h; ultrasonic time,15 min; and the ratio of material to liquid,1∶ 10( g∶ m L). Under the optimal condition,the extraction yield of FSF was 8. 50%,RSD = 2. 74%. The short-time hygroscopicity( within 8 h) of crude extract of fucoidan from S. fusiforme( CEFSF) was better than glycerin,butanediol,and sodium alginate,and the moisture retention capacity of 1% CEFSF aqueous solution was better than 1% butanediol or 1% sodium alginate,and was equal to 5% glycerin under relative humidity of 43% and 81%. The determination results of skin moisture content and transepidermal water loss rate( TEWL)showed that: 5% CEFSF solution had good moisturizing effect. [Conclusions]The research could provide certain reference for deep development of S. fusiforme.展开更多
Objectives: The morbidity of dry and itchy skin was high during a person’s lifetime and it had a significant negative impact. This study aimed to investigate the positive effect of silk fibroin moisturizing cream on ...Objectives: The morbidity of dry and itchy skin was high during a person’s lifetime and it had a significant negative impact. This study aimed to investigate the positive effect of silk fibroin moisturizing cream on dry skin pruritus induced by acetone/ether-water (AEW) method in mice. Method: We established a dry skin model in mice with AEW treatment, and the control group was treated with ultrapure water. The mice in AEW model group were locally administrated with silk fibroin moisturizing cream (SilkArmor)®. The transepidermal water loss (TEWL), scratching behavior, condition of skin erythema, skin histology (by hematoxylin-eosin staining) and the results of electron microscopy were measured to evaluate the positive effect of SilkArmor on dry and itchy skin in mice. Results: The TEWL value, spontaneous scratching behavior and erythema score were significantly increased after AEW modeling compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in the TEWL value, scratching behavior and erythema score between the SilkArmor group and the control group (P > 0.05). Compared with the AEW group, the value of TEWL, scratching behavior and the erythema score of mice in the AEW + SilkArmor group were improved, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Skin histopathology and electron microscopy also showed that SilkArmor had certain improvement and repairment on AEW-induced skin pathological changes. Conclusions: A dry skin model was successfully established in this experiment, showing that SilkArmor brought an obvious alleviation to AEW-induced dry and itchy skin in mice.展开更多
Background: Vulvar dermatoses are inflammatory disorders of genital skin causing itch, burning, and plaques with overlying excoriation and linear fissures. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a soft foam based o...Background: Vulvar dermatoses are inflammatory disorders of genital skin causing itch, burning, and plaques with overlying excoriation and linear fissures. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a soft foam based on Tiab®system (TF), complex of titanium micro crystals covalently bound with silver ions associated with hyaluronic acid, in the supportive treatment of lichen sclerosus (LS) and lichen simplex chronicus (LSC), the two common vulvar dermatoses. Method: 20 patients with the diagnosis of LS or LSC received an 4-week treatment, during which the subjects applied Mometasone furoate in the form 0.1% cream were treated with Mometasone furoate 0.1% cream in combination with TF once a day. Clinical symptoms (itching and burning) and signs (vulvar suface disruption) were documented at baseline and at the end of the four-week treatment. Results: There was a significant reduction of symptoms between the basal scores and the symptoms complaints at 4-week treatment. Moreover, a significant reduction of excoriations and linear fissures was observed. Conclusion: The present study shows that daily application of TF can be an effective adjunct for the treatment of vulvar dermatosis. The foam had not only a moisturizer action, it may also be associated with a reduction in epithelial disruption in the form of excoriations and fissures.展开更多
In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Mentholatumò AP Soft Lotion (APA), which is a Vaseline-based preparation that has been converted to nanoparticles by high-pressure emulsification technology, we con...In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Mentholatumò AP Soft Lotion (APA), which is a Vaseline-based preparation that has been converted to nanoparticles by high-pressure emulsification technology, we conducted a study of 4-week continuous use on the atopic dry skin of patients with minor to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD). The results showed that improvements in the skin findings (dryness and scaling) and itching were observed beginning one week after starting to apply APA and that the symptoms had almost completely resolved at 3 to 4 weeks after the start of application. In addition, a significant increase in the degree of high-frequency conductivity, which is an indicator of the amount of moisture in the stratum corneum, and significant decrease in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were observed, and improvements in skin functions were observed. The results for overall degree of improvement showed “improvement” or better in 100% of the subjects, and no side effects were observed in any of the cases. Based on the above results, it was concluded that APA is a preparation that has excellent efficacy and safety as skin care for atopic dry skin, in which reduced stratum corneum function is observed in the skin, and as a supplemental method of treatment of AD or treatment method to maintain remissions.展开更多
Background: Vulvar contact dermatitis is inflammatory disorders of genital skin causing itch, burning, and plaques with overlying excoriation and linear fissures. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a soft foam ...Background: Vulvar contact dermatitis is inflammatory disorders of genital skin causing itch, burning, and plaques with overlying excoriation and linear fissures. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a soft foam based on Tiab® system (TF), complex of titanium micro crystals covalently bound with silver ions associated with hyaluronic acid, as a treatment of vulvar contact dermatitis. Method: 36 patients with the diagnosis of vulvar contact dermatitis received an 10-days treatment, during which the subjects applied TF, complex of titanium micro crystals covalently bound with silver ions associated with hyaluronic acid on the affected vulvar surfaces, used once a day. Clinical symptoms (itching and burning) and signs (vulvar surface disruption) were documented at baseline and after 1 months of follow-up. Results: There was a significant reduction of symptoms between the basal scores and the symptoms complaints 1 months of follow-up. Moreover a significant reduction of excoriations and linear fissures was observed. Conclusion: The present study shows that application of TF can be an effective agents for the reduction of symptom and sign of vulvar contact dermatitis, and the medical device can be used as a preventive agent in predisposing condition of vulvar discomfort.展开更多
Skin moisturization can be measured in vivo by Corneometer?, giving information about the hydration level of the skin. However, this approach cannot reveal the inner changes of lipid organization involved in the integ...Skin moisturization can be measured in vivo by Corneometer?, giving information about the hydration level of the skin. However, this approach cannot reveal the inner changes of lipid organization involved in the integrity of the skin barrier. Raman microspectroscopy is an in vivo and non-invasive method that assesses the lateral organization of lipids from the stratum corneum by measuring the νasymCH2/νsymCH2 ratio. In the present study, the aim is to evaluate the moisturizing effect of two skin care products (i.e. LOTION 1: GF deep-nourishing & skin-sturdy facial emulsion;LOTION 2: placebo formula) by using the Corneometer? and Raman microspectroscopy. Results demonstrates a significant improvement of lipids organization and thus a reinforcement of the barrier function associated with an increase of the hydration level with LOTION 1 compared to LOTION 2.展开更多
To analyze and compare the cleaning power and moisturizing effect of different shower gels.Choose six types of shower gel,soap-based shower gel 1,soap-based shower gel 2,amino acid shower gel 1,amino acid shower gel 2...To analyze and compare the cleaning power and moisturizing effect of different shower gels.Choose six types of shower gel,soap-based shower gel 1,soap-based shower gel 2,amino acid shower gel 1,amino acid shower gel 2,cream shower gel 1,cream shower gel 2.Control clinical studies,using the left and right arms for comparison.Apply special grease on the selected area on the forearm’s flexion side,before and after applying the grease and after cleaning with shower gel,use Sebumeter SM815 for skin oil detection.Use shower gel on the other area on the forearm flexion side.Use Corneometer CM825 and Tewameter TM300 before and after cleaning.The moisture content of the stratum corneum and the amount of water loss through the epidermis were detected.Analyze the change rate of skin oil,stratum corneum moisture content,and transepidermal water loss,analyze and compare the cleansing and moisturizing effects of six shower gels of different systems.Results:After using the six shower gels to clean,the skin oil was significantly reduced while the moisture content of the stratum corneum and the amount of transepidermal water loss changed to different degrees.Layer moisture content and transepidermal water loss have varying degrees of influence.Conclusion:Amino acid shower gels and cream shower gels are stronger than soap-based shower gels in terms of moisturizing ability,and at the same time show similar effects to soap-based shower gels in terms of cleansing ability.展开更多
Objective:Damage to the skin barrier including frequent or prolonged applications of certain topical products plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rosacea.We conduct this survey to investigate the detailed r...Objective:Damage to the skin barrier including frequent or prolonged applications of certain topical products plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rosacea.We conduct this survey to investigate the detailed relationship between frequent replacement of moisturizing product brands and the development of rosacea,with the overall goal of establishing guidelines for rosacea.Methods:A multicenter case-control survey of 849 patients with rosacea and 980 controls with healthy skin was conducted using a standardized questionnaire.The questionnaire mainly included demographic data,the behavior of frequently changing moisturizing product brands,history of skin allergy or sensitivity symptoms within 2 years before rosacea onset for the patient group and within the most recent 2 years for the control group,current symptoms and signs,and selfreported symptoms.A comparative analysis was performed using the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.Results:The behavior of frequently replacing moisturizing product brands was positively correlated with rosacea(P<0.001,odds ratio[OR]=1.52,95%confidence interval[CI]=1.15-2.02),and this correlation was more apparent in individuals with non-sensitive skin(P=0.008,OR=1.63,95%CI=1.14-2.35).With respect to different subtypes of rosacea,frequent replacement of moisturizing product brands was more likely to be associated with papulopustular rosacea(P=0.003,OR=1.80,95%CI=1.22-2.67)than with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea(P=0.031,OR=1.43,95%CI=1.03-1.98)compared with people who did not frequently replace their moisturizing product brands;however,these effects were not observed for phymatous rosacea(P>0.05).We further investigated the clinical features of patients who frequently replaced their moisturizing products.Among invisible symptoms,these patients most often reported a stinging sensation(P=0.007,OR=1.50,95%CI=1.12-2.00),and among visible symptoms,telangiectasia was most common(P=0.027,OR=1.41,95%CI=1.04-1.91).Conclusion:Frequent replacement of moisturizing product brands was closely associated with the occurrence of rosacea.展开更多
Cyperus esculentus root oil(CEL)is a plant of significant economic value,rich in unsaturated fatty acids like oleic acid,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid.In this study,human dermal fibroblasts(HSF)were used to create ...Cyperus esculentus root oil(CEL)is a plant of significant economic value,rich in unsaturated fatty acids like oleic acid,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid.In this study,human dermal fibroblasts(HSF)were used to create an inflammatory model,and the impact of coldpressed oil from CEL on the secretion of inflammatory factors was assessed.The results showed that CEL significantly inhibited IL-6 and IL-1βthat were secreted by HSF cells induced by tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)(P<0.0001),with inhibition rates of 50.79%and 20.26%,respectively.Furthermore,CEL markedly enhanced the secretion of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10(P<0.01),with an improvement rate of 94.42%.The study further explored the impact of CEL on collagen type I(Col-I)and hyaluronic acid(HA)secretion in the cells.The results demonstrated that CEL effectively increased Col-I secretion by 26.15%(P<0.0001)and HA by 30.2%(P<0.0001)when it was administered at a maximum safe mass fraction of 6%,which consequently showed its potential anti-aging and moisturizing properties.Additionally,fluorescence real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)experiments confirmed that CEL significantly inhibited the TNF-α-induced expression of IL-6,IL-1β,and matrix metalloproteinases(MMP-1,3,9)in HSF cells,while promoted the mRNA expression levels of IL-10 and hyaluronic acid synthase.This modulation suggested that CEL exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects.Finally,the oil’s anti-inflammatory,anti-senility,and moisturizing effects were validated through the clinical evaluations.In summary,CEL,as a natural raw material abundant in unsaturated fatty acids,shows promising potential for further development and usage in cosmetics due to its anti-inflammatory,anti-aging,and moisturizing properties in personal care.展开更多
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was developed for the direct determination of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in sturgeon caviar extract.The assay employed n-hexane extraction combined wit...A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was developed for the direct determination of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in sturgeon caviar extract.The assay employed n-hexane extraction combined with gradient elution(ZORBAX SB-C18 column),with data collected using a diode array detector.The content was calculated by external standard method and validated against the national standard(GB 5009.168-2016).The study also measured DPPH free radical scavenging capacity and moisture retention rate across different DHA concentration groups.The results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits excellent linearity(r=0.9997),with recovery rates ranging from 92.1% to 101.1% and relative standard deviations(RSD)of 2.23% to 3.92%.Compared to the national standard method,the relative deviation was 0.67% to 1.68%.At specific test concentrations,the high-DHA group shows significantly higher moisture retention(100.48%),hygroscopicity(100.85%),and DPPH scavenging efficiency(57.46%)than the low-DHA group(10.33%,11.76%,and 3.71%).The RP-HPLC method developed in this study simplifies DHA detection procedures with simple reagents and reliable results,making it suitable for rapid qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of target components in caviar extract quality control.The DPPH experiment further reveals the correlation between DHA content and antioxidant efficacy in sturgeon caviar extracts,providing scientific evidence for developing functional cosmetics.展开更多
[Objective]Vegetation restoration is an effective strategy for ecological improvement;however,inappropriate vegetation establishment can induce soil desiccation,thereby threatening ecosystem stability.Therefore,elucid...[Objective]Vegetation restoration is an effective strategy for ecological improvement;however,inappropriate vegetation establishment can induce soil desiccation,thereby threatening ecosystem stability.Therefore,elucidating the global response patterns of soil moisture to vegetation restoration and identifying research hotspots are critical for guiding ecological construction in arid regions.[Methods]We reviewed 6,152 articles concerning soil moisture and vegetation retrieved from the Web of Science platform.Using VOSviewer,we conducted analyses of keyword co-occurrence,publication trends,and research hotspots to systematically delineate the evolving trends in this field.[Results]The results indicate a significant increasing trend in the number of publications since 2000.Global research keywords are categorized into seven clusters,including vegetation,soil moisture,rainfall-erosion-infiltration,spatial heterogeneity,and climate change.In terms of highly cited papers in 2024,China and the United States maintain a significant lead.Global research demonstrates a strong dependency on typical regional geographical features(such as climate types and topography),exhibiting differentiated research focuses.Furthermore,studies extend beyond soil moisture itself to deeply couple with ecological processes such as vegetation restoration,soil respiration,carbon cycling,and hydrothermal conditions.[Conclusions]The long-term ecological effects of afforestation in arid regions remain unclear,and empirical data from key regions highlight the current urgency.Future research should integrate climate change dynamics,innovate monitoring methodologies,and deepen the understanding of regional differentiation to provide scientific support for the adaptive management of vegetation in arid regions.展开更多
The irrigation districts of northern China face issues such as water scarcity,inability to effectively utilize flood resources,and groundwater overexploitation.In view of these challenges,this study proposes a new con...The irrigation districts of northern China face issues such as water scarcity,inability to effectively utilize flood resources,and groundwater overexploitation.In view of these challenges,this study proposes a new concept of deep storage irrigation through flood resources utilization.However,whether deep storage irrigation can recharge deep soil moisture and sustain crop production still requires further study.A two-year field experiment was conducted on summer maize in the Guanzhong Plain with five soil wetting layer depths(T1:60 cm;T2:90 cm;T3:120 cm;T4:150 cm;T5:180 cm)and soil saturation moisture content as the irrigation upper limit.The results presented that the ranges of deep soil moisture recharge in the100–200 cm soil profile(SMS_(100–200))was 73.34–267.42 and 0–150.03 mm in 2021(wet season)and 2022(normal season).When the effective precipitation and irrigation exceeded 390 mm,the SMS_(100–200)began to linearly increase.The highest grain yield(GY)were observed at T2 and T3 treatments in 2021(11.44 t ha^(-1))and 2022(11.25 t ha^(-1)),respectively.The maize GY of T4 in 2021 and T5 in 2022 were only 3.9 and 5.7%lower than the maximize GY,respectively.However,the SMS_(100–200)for T4 and T5 were 2.4 and 5.0 times that of T2 and T3 treatments in 2021 and 2022,respectively.Overall,the further increase in irrigation amounts induced only a slight decrease in grain yield,but it significantly increased deep soil moisture recharge.Therefore,the deep storage irrigation breaks through the traditional idea of water-saving irrigation with limited water resources,which can be utilized as an effective alternative to address the issues of water scarcity,low flood resources utilization,and groundwater level declines in the irrigation districts of northern China.展开更多
Slope failures,particularly in railway embankments during intense rainfall,are a major cause of economic damage and humanitarian loss.To forecast how shear cracks develop in slopes under heavy precipitation,we present...Slope failures,particularly in railway embankments during intense rainfall,are a major cause of economic damage and humanitarian loss.To forecast how shear cracks develop in slopes under heavy precipitation,we present a novel modeling framework:the Extended Cohesive Damage Element enhanced by soil moisture(SMECDE).The method first translates forecasted rainfall into soil moisture levels via an established correspondence.Then,recognizing that rainfall infiltration lowers soil cohesion—particularly at varying depths—we introduce a Soil Moisture Decoherence Model(SMDM)based on experimental data,which quantifies how cohesion degrades with moisture and how depth affects this process.By embedding SMDM within the ECDE technique,we investigate how shear fractures propagate under different moisture conditions throughout the slope profile.We apply SMECDE to a real railway embankment case to identify critical moisture thresholds and crack growth patterns.Validation is performed by comparing predictions against field measurements and weather station records,and further checked through simulations of large-scale plastic deformation in ABAQUS.展开更多
Mixed halide perovskites exhibit great potential as materials for the future generation of photovoltaic devices.Yet,their reaction to moisture remains uncertain,necessitating further exploration.While prolonged exposu...Mixed halide perovskites exhibit great potential as materials for the future generation of photovoltaic devices.Yet,their reaction to moisture remains uncertain,necessitating further exploration.While prolonged exposure to moisture can lead to degradation,it can also passivate traps at an optimal moisture level.Here,we use scanning probe microscopy to perform nanoscale moisture-dependent photovoltaic characterizations of open and compressed grain boundary(GB)structures of wide bandgap(FAPbI_(3))_(0.3)(FAPbBr_(3))_(0.7) perovskites.The investigation reveals a decrease in the potential barrier at compact GBs with increasing moisture levels,contrasting with the behavior observed in open GBs.Moreover,the photocurrent distribution over both samples proportionally increases when relative humidity(RH)is raised from 10%to 60%.Notably,following a 24-h exposure at RH 60%,the compact-GB sample demonstrates:i)a reduction in the density of charged trap states at GBs,ii)higher photocurrent,accompanied by a noticeable decrease in current hysteresis compared to the open GB sample,and iii)further enhancement in device efficiency and crystallinity compared to devices with open GBs.These findings suggest that optimizing humidity conditions in engineering the GB chemistry can enhance the optoelectrical properties of GBs,ultimately leading to improved device performance.展开更多
Rock brittleness is a critical property in geotechnical and energy engineering,as it directly influences the prediction of rock failure and stability assessment.Although numerous methods have been developed to evaluat...Rock brittleness is a critical property in geotechnical and energy engineering,as it directly influences the prediction of rock failure and stability assessment.Although numerous methods have been developed to evaluate brittleness,many fail to comprehensively account for the impacts of microstructural changes,mineralogical characteristics,and stress conditions on energy evolution during failure.This study proposes a novel approach for brittleness evaluation based on the energy evolution throughout the post-peak failure process,integrating two micromechanical mechanisms:crack propagation and frictional sliding.A new brittleness index is defined as the ratio of generated surface energy to released elastic energy,providing a unified framework for assessing both Class I and Class II mechanical behaviors.The brittleness of cyan,white,and gray sandstones was investigated under various confining pressures and moisture conditions using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and conventional triaxial compression(CTC)tests.The results demonstrate that brittleness decreases with increasing confining pressure,due to suppressed crack propagation,and increases under saturated conditions,as moisture enhances crack propagation.By establishing connections between mineral composition,microstructural features,and stress-induced responses,the proposed method overcame limitations of previous approaches and offered a more precise tool for evaluating rock brittleness under diverse environmental scenarios.展开更多
基金We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Open Project Program of National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology(20200110)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Project(18495810900).
文摘The structure and moisture retention of Tremella polysaccharide fermented from GCMCC5.39(FTP)were evaluated.After UV,infrared spectrum analysis,HPAEC-PAD,HPSEC and 1 D NMR analysis,the composition of the purifi ed FTP was determined.Purifi ed components of fermented Tremella polysaccharide(FTPS)was made of galactose,mannose,glucose,galactosmine,glucosamine,and contain a large amount of hydroxyl,carbonyl and amino groups.FTPS wasα-neutral pyranose without uronic acid.FTPS-1 and FTPS-2 were obtained after purifi cation by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow Column.The molecular weights of FTPS-1 and FTPS-2 were 25722 and 177263 Da.FTPS-2 had a better ability to prevent moisture loss,and the optimal moisture retention period was 0–4 h.FTPS-2 could signifi cantly increase the moisture content of the skin epidermis and showed a dose-concentration relationship.The effect of FTPS-2 on the expression of different moisturizing genes was evaluated in a human skin keratinocyte model.The results showed that FTPS-2 has no cytotoxicity,and could signifi cantly promote AQP3,TGM1,CASP14,HYAL2,FLG gene expression level in HaCaT cells.It has the most signifi cant infl uence at HYAL2 protein expression on 50μg/mL.
文摘Gexianmi moisturizing lotion was prepared from Gexianmi extract, carbomer, EDTA-Na2, citric acid, glycerin, butanediol, ceramide, cetearyl alcohol, hydrogenated polydecene, shea butter, etc., and skin moisture contents of different treatments were measured. The data were analyzed by variance analysis and multiple comparisons. The results showed that: Gexianmi moisturizing lotion had a better moisturizing effect, which was better than that of anthocyanin moisturizing lotion. Therefore, Gexianmi moisturizing lotion can be used to effectively maintain the moisture of the human skin stratum corneum.
文摘Synthesis of monoglycerides with Cinnamomum burmannii seeds oil and its application in moisturizing cream were studied. The results showed that the optimal transesterification conditions of synthesis of monoglycerides with Cinnamomum burmannii seeds oil were as follows： the glycerol to oil molar ratio of 3 ： 1 ; NaOH catalyst dosage of 0.8% of the oil mass; reaction temperature of 180 ℃ for 3 hours; and the yield reached 62.6% . The crude product was purified by molecular distillation and the purity of the final product achieved 92.8%. Physicochemical properties of moisturizing cream prepared by using the final product can meet the requirements of China National Standard and the cosmetic product displayed good performance in application.
文摘The moisturizing effect of a fresh-milk cream after single and long-term application was studied by the combination of subjective and instrumental methods.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the moisturizing efficacy of fresh milk as a moisturizer in skin care products.Thirty female subjects aged 18~55 years were enrolled and a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled comparison study was applied in this research.The stratum corneum water content and transdermal water loss on the cheek,and VISIA-CR images of the whole face were recorded after using the samples.The subjective evaluation of the subjects were also collected.The results showed that the fresh milk cream played a significant role in increasing the water content of facial stratum corneum,improving the transdermal water loss and skin redness compared with the base formula without fresh milk.It indicated that fresh milk can be added to skin care products as a moisturizing agent,which can replenish moisture and enhance the skin barrier function.
文摘This paper briefly introduces the human body evaluation test method of cosmetics moisturizing efficacy test,according to stratum corneum moisture content test,skin moisturizing capacity test and other test methods and the instruments used are briefly introduced,so as to provide ideas for scientific and rigorous experimental scheme design and scientific basis for the claim of moisturizing effect.
文摘[Objectives] The research aimed to optimize extraction process of fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme( FSF) and study its moisturizing performance. [Methods]Extracting condition of FSF by cellulase hydrolysis-ultrasonic assisted extraction method was optimized. The influences of solvent p H,enzyme dosage,extraction temperature,cellulose hydrolysis time,ultrasonication time,and the ratio of material to liquid on FSF were investigated by single factor and orthogonal experiments. [Results] The optimum extraction conditions were as followings:p H,4. 5; enzyme dosage,1%; extraction temperature,40℃; cellulose hydrolysis time,2 h; ultrasonic time,15 min; and the ratio of material to liquid,1∶ 10( g∶ m L). Under the optimal condition,the extraction yield of FSF was 8. 50%,RSD = 2. 74%. The short-time hygroscopicity( within 8 h) of crude extract of fucoidan from S. fusiforme( CEFSF) was better than glycerin,butanediol,and sodium alginate,and the moisture retention capacity of 1% CEFSF aqueous solution was better than 1% butanediol or 1% sodium alginate,and was equal to 5% glycerin under relative humidity of 43% and 81%. The determination results of skin moisture content and transepidermal water loss rate( TEWL)showed that: 5% CEFSF solution had good moisturizing effect. [Conclusions]The research could provide certain reference for deep development of S. fusiforme.
文摘Objectives: The morbidity of dry and itchy skin was high during a person’s lifetime and it had a significant negative impact. This study aimed to investigate the positive effect of silk fibroin moisturizing cream on dry skin pruritus induced by acetone/ether-water (AEW) method in mice. Method: We established a dry skin model in mice with AEW treatment, and the control group was treated with ultrapure water. The mice in AEW model group were locally administrated with silk fibroin moisturizing cream (SilkArmor)®. The transepidermal water loss (TEWL), scratching behavior, condition of skin erythema, skin histology (by hematoxylin-eosin staining) and the results of electron microscopy were measured to evaluate the positive effect of SilkArmor on dry and itchy skin in mice. Results: The TEWL value, spontaneous scratching behavior and erythema score were significantly increased after AEW modeling compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in the TEWL value, scratching behavior and erythema score between the SilkArmor group and the control group (P > 0.05). Compared with the AEW group, the value of TEWL, scratching behavior and the erythema score of mice in the AEW + SilkArmor group were improved, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Skin histopathology and electron microscopy also showed that SilkArmor had certain improvement and repairment on AEW-induced skin pathological changes. Conclusions: A dry skin model was successfully established in this experiment, showing that SilkArmor brought an obvious alleviation to AEW-induced dry and itchy skin in mice.
文摘Background: Vulvar dermatoses are inflammatory disorders of genital skin causing itch, burning, and plaques with overlying excoriation and linear fissures. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a soft foam based on Tiab®system (TF), complex of titanium micro crystals covalently bound with silver ions associated with hyaluronic acid, in the supportive treatment of lichen sclerosus (LS) and lichen simplex chronicus (LSC), the two common vulvar dermatoses. Method: 20 patients with the diagnosis of LS or LSC received an 4-week treatment, during which the subjects applied Mometasone furoate in the form 0.1% cream were treated with Mometasone furoate 0.1% cream in combination with TF once a day. Clinical symptoms (itching and burning) and signs (vulvar suface disruption) were documented at baseline and at the end of the four-week treatment. Results: There was a significant reduction of symptoms between the basal scores and the symptoms complaints at 4-week treatment. Moreover, a significant reduction of excoriations and linear fissures was observed. Conclusion: The present study shows that daily application of TF can be an effective adjunct for the treatment of vulvar dermatosis. The foam had not only a moisturizer action, it may also be associated with a reduction in epithelial disruption in the form of excoriations and fissures.
文摘In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Mentholatumò AP Soft Lotion (APA), which is a Vaseline-based preparation that has been converted to nanoparticles by high-pressure emulsification technology, we conducted a study of 4-week continuous use on the atopic dry skin of patients with minor to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD). The results showed that improvements in the skin findings (dryness and scaling) and itching were observed beginning one week after starting to apply APA and that the symptoms had almost completely resolved at 3 to 4 weeks after the start of application. In addition, a significant increase in the degree of high-frequency conductivity, which is an indicator of the amount of moisture in the stratum corneum, and significant decrease in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were observed, and improvements in skin functions were observed. The results for overall degree of improvement showed “improvement” or better in 100% of the subjects, and no side effects were observed in any of the cases. Based on the above results, it was concluded that APA is a preparation that has excellent efficacy and safety as skin care for atopic dry skin, in which reduced stratum corneum function is observed in the skin, and as a supplemental method of treatment of AD or treatment method to maintain remissions.
文摘Background: Vulvar contact dermatitis is inflammatory disorders of genital skin causing itch, burning, and plaques with overlying excoriation and linear fissures. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a soft foam based on Tiab® system (TF), complex of titanium micro crystals covalently bound with silver ions associated with hyaluronic acid, as a treatment of vulvar contact dermatitis. Method: 36 patients with the diagnosis of vulvar contact dermatitis received an 10-days treatment, during which the subjects applied TF, complex of titanium micro crystals covalently bound with silver ions associated with hyaluronic acid on the affected vulvar surfaces, used once a day. Clinical symptoms (itching and burning) and signs (vulvar surface disruption) were documented at baseline and after 1 months of follow-up. Results: There was a significant reduction of symptoms between the basal scores and the symptoms complaints 1 months of follow-up. Moreover a significant reduction of excoriations and linear fissures was observed. Conclusion: The present study shows that application of TF can be an effective agents for the reduction of symptom and sign of vulvar contact dermatitis, and the medical device can be used as a preventive agent in predisposing condition of vulvar discomfort.
文摘Skin moisturization can be measured in vivo by Corneometer?, giving information about the hydration level of the skin. However, this approach cannot reveal the inner changes of lipid organization involved in the integrity of the skin barrier. Raman microspectroscopy is an in vivo and non-invasive method that assesses the lateral organization of lipids from the stratum corneum by measuring the νasymCH2/νsymCH2 ratio. In the present study, the aim is to evaluate the moisturizing effect of two skin care products (i.e. LOTION 1: GF deep-nourishing & skin-sturdy facial emulsion;LOTION 2: placebo formula) by using the Corneometer? and Raman microspectroscopy. Results demonstrates a significant improvement of lipids organization and thus a reinforcement of the barrier function associated with an increase of the hydration level with LOTION 1 compared to LOTION 2.
文摘To analyze and compare the cleaning power and moisturizing effect of different shower gels.Choose six types of shower gel,soap-based shower gel 1,soap-based shower gel 2,amino acid shower gel 1,amino acid shower gel 2,cream shower gel 1,cream shower gel 2.Control clinical studies,using the left and right arms for comparison.Apply special grease on the selected area on the forearm’s flexion side,before and after applying the grease and after cleaning with shower gel,use Sebumeter SM815 for skin oil detection.Use shower gel on the other area on the forearm flexion side.Use Corneometer CM825 and Tewameter TM300 before and after cleaning.The moisture content of the stratum corneum and the amount of water loss through the epidermis were detected.Analyze the change rate of skin oil,stratum corneum moisture content,and transepidermal water loss,analyze and compare the cleansing and moisturizing effects of six shower gels of different systems.Results:After using the six shower gels to clean,the skin oil was significantly reduced while the moisture content of the stratum corneum and the amount of transepidermal water loss changed to different degrees.Layer moisture content and transepidermal water loss have varying degrees of influence.Conclusion:Amino acid shower gels and cream shower gels are stronger than soap-based shower gels in terms of moisturizing ability,and at the same time show similar effects to soap-based shower gels in terms of cleansing ability.
文摘Objective:Damage to the skin barrier including frequent or prolonged applications of certain topical products plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rosacea.We conduct this survey to investigate the detailed relationship between frequent replacement of moisturizing product brands and the development of rosacea,with the overall goal of establishing guidelines for rosacea.Methods:A multicenter case-control survey of 849 patients with rosacea and 980 controls with healthy skin was conducted using a standardized questionnaire.The questionnaire mainly included demographic data,the behavior of frequently changing moisturizing product brands,history of skin allergy or sensitivity symptoms within 2 years before rosacea onset for the patient group and within the most recent 2 years for the control group,current symptoms and signs,and selfreported symptoms.A comparative analysis was performed using the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.Results:The behavior of frequently replacing moisturizing product brands was positively correlated with rosacea(P<0.001,odds ratio[OR]=1.52,95%confidence interval[CI]=1.15-2.02),and this correlation was more apparent in individuals with non-sensitive skin(P=0.008,OR=1.63,95%CI=1.14-2.35).With respect to different subtypes of rosacea,frequent replacement of moisturizing product brands was more likely to be associated with papulopustular rosacea(P=0.003,OR=1.80,95%CI=1.22-2.67)than with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea(P=0.031,OR=1.43,95%CI=1.03-1.98)compared with people who did not frequently replace their moisturizing product brands;however,these effects were not observed for phymatous rosacea(P>0.05).We further investigated the clinical features of patients who frequently replaced their moisturizing products.Among invisible symptoms,these patients most often reported a stinging sensation(P=0.007,OR=1.50,95%CI=1.12-2.00),and among visible symptoms,telangiectasia was most common(P=0.027,OR=1.41,95%CI=1.04-1.91).Conclusion:Frequent replacement of moisturizing product brands was closely associated with the occurrence of rosacea.
文摘Cyperus esculentus root oil(CEL)is a plant of significant economic value,rich in unsaturated fatty acids like oleic acid,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid.In this study,human dermal fibroblasts(HSF)were used to create an inflammatory model,and the impact of coldpressed oil from CEL on the secretion of inflammatory factors was assessed.The results showed that CEL significantly inhibited IL-6 and IL-1βthat were secreted by HSF cells induced by tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)(P<0.0001),with inhibition rates of 50.79%and 20.26%,respectively.Furthermore,CEL markedly enhanced the secretion of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10(P<0.01),with an improvement rate of 94.42%.The study further explored the impact of CEL on collagen type I(Col-I)and hyaluronic acid(HA)secretion in the cells.The results demonstrated that CEL effectively increased Col-I secretion by 26.15%(P<0.0001)and HA by 30.2%(P<0.0001)when it was administered at a maximum safe mass fraction of 6%,which consequently showed its potential anti-aging and moisturizing properties.Additionally,fluorescence real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)experiments confirmed that CEL significantly inhibited the TNF-α-induced expression of IL-6,IL-1β,and matrix metalloproteinases(MMP-1,3,9)in HSF cells,while promoted the mRNA expression levels of IL-10 and hyaluronic acid synthase.This modulation suggested that CEL exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects.Finally,the oil’s anti-inflammatory,anti-senility,and moisturizing effects were validated through the clinical evaluations.In summary,CEL,as a natural raw material abundant in unsaturated fatty acids,shows promising potential for further development and usage in cosmetics due to its anti-inflammatory,anti-aging,and moisturizing properties in personal care.
文摘A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was developed for the direct determination of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in sturgeon caviar extract.The assay employed n-hexane extraction combined with gradient elution(ZORBAX SB-C18 column),with data collected using a diode array detector.The content was calculated by external standard method and validated against the national standard(GB 5009.168-2016).The study also measured DPPH free radical scavenging capacity and moisture retention rate across different DHA concentration groups.The results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits excellent linearity(r=0.9997),with recovery rates ranging from 92.1% to 101.1% and relative standard deviations(RSD)of 2.23% to 3.92%.Compared to the national standard method,the relative deviation was 0.67% to 1.68%.At specific test concentrations,the high-DHA group shows significantly higher moisture retention(100.48%),hygroscopicity(100.85%),and DPPH scavenging efficiency(57.46%)than the low-DHA group(10.33%,11.76%,and 3.71%).The RP-HPLC method developed in this study simplifies DHA detection procedures with simple reagents and reliable results,making it suitable for rapid qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of target components in caviar extract quality control.The DPPH experiment further reveals the correlation between DHA content and antioxidant efficacy in sturgeon caviar extracts,providing scientific evidence for developing functional cosmetics.
文摘[Objective]Vegetation restoration is an effective strategy for ecological improvement;however,inappropriate vegetation establishment can induce soil desiccation,thereby threatening ecosystem stability.Therefore,elucidating the global response patterns of soil moisture to vegetation restoration and identifying research hotspots are critical for guiding ecological construction in arid regions.[Methods]We reviewed 6,152 articles concerning soil moisture and vegetation retrieved from the Web of Science platform.Using VOSviewer,we conducted analyses of keyword co-occurrence,publication trends,and research hotspots to systematically delineate the evolving trends in this field.[Results]The results indicate a significant increasing trend in the number of publications since 2000.Global research keywords are categorized into seven clusters,including vegetation,soil moisture,rainfall-erosion-infiltration,spatial heterogeneity,and climate change.In terms of highly cited papers in 2024,China and the United States maintain a significant lead.Global research demonstrates a strong dependency on typical regional geographical features(such as climate types and topography),exhibiting differentiated research focuses.Furthermore,studies extend beyond soil moisture itself to deeply couple with ecological processes such as vegetation restoration,soil respiration,carbon cycling,and hydrothermal conditions.[Conclusions]The long-term ecological effects of afforestation in arid regions remain unclear,and empirical data from key regions highlight the current urgency.Future research should integrate climate change dynamics,innovate monitoring methodologies,and deepen the understanding of regional differentiation to provide scientific support for the adaptive management of vegetation in arid regions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2243235)the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Water Resources,China(2022slkj-6)。
文摘The irrigation districts of northern China face issues such as water scarcity,inability to effectively utilize flood resources,and groundwater overexploitation.In view of these challenges,this study proposes a new concept of deep storage irrigation through flood resources utilization.However,whether deep storage irrigation can recharge deep soil moisture and sustain crop production still requires further study.A two-year field experiment was conducted on summer maize in the Guanzhong Plain with five soil wetting layer depths(T1:60 cm;T2:90 cm;T3:120 cm;T4:150 cm;T5:180 cm)and soil saturation moisture content as the irrigation upper limit.The results presented that the ranges of deep soil moisture recharge in the100–200 cm soil profile(SMS_(100–200))was 73.34–267.42 and 0–150.03 mm in 2021(wet season)and 2022(normal season).When the effective precipitation and irrigation exceeded 390 mm,the SMS_(100–200)began to linearly increase.The highest grain yield(GY)were observed at T2 and T3 treatments in 2021(11.44 t ha^(-1))and 2022(11.25 t ha^(-1)),respectively.The maize GY of T4 in 2021 and T5 in 2022 were only 3.9 and 5.7%lower than the maximize GY,respectively.However,the SMS_(100–200)for T4 and T5 were 2.4 and 5.0 times that of T2 and T3 treatments in 2021 and 2022,respectively.Overall,the further increase in irrigation amounts induced only a slight decrease in grain yield,but it significantly increased deep soil moisture recharge.Therefore,the deep storage irrigation breaks through the traditional idea of water-saving irrigation with limited water resources,which can be utilized as an effective alternative to address the issues of water scarcity,low flood resources utilization,and groundwater level declines in the irrigation districts of northern China.
文摘Slope failures,particularly in railway embankments during intense rainfall,are a major cause of economic damage and humanitarian loss.To forecast how shear cracks develop in slopes under heavy precipitation,we present a novel modeling framework:the Extended Cohesive Damage Element enhanced by soil moisture(SMECDE).The method first translates forecasted rainfall into soil moisture levels via an established correspondence.Then,recognizing that rainfall infiltration lowers soil cohesion—particularly at varying depths—we introduce a Soil Moisture Decoherence Model(SMDM)based on experimental data,which quantifies how cohesion degrades with moisture and how depth affects this process.By embedding SMDM within the ECDE technique,we investigate how shear fractures propagate under different moisture conditions throughout the slope profile.We apply SMECDE to a real railway embankment case to identify critical moisture thresholds and crack growth patterns.Validation is performed by comparing predictions against field measurements and weather station records,and further checked through simulations of large-scale plastic deformation in ABAQUS.
基金support from the Australian Research Council through Discovery Grants and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies(FLEET)supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(NRF-2021K1A4A7A03093851)+1 种基金J.S.Y.acknowledges the Royal Society research grant(RGS/R1/221369)the support by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MEST)(RS-2023-00257494 and 2022H1D3A2A01082324).
文摘Mixed halide perovskites exhibit great potential as materials for the future generation of photovoltaic devices.Yet,their reaction to moisture remains uncertain,necessitating further exploration.While prolonged exposure to moisture can lead to degradation,it can also passivate traps at an optimal moisture level.Here,we use scanning probe microscopy to perform nanoscale moisture-dependent photovoltaic characterizations of open and compressed grain boundary(GB)structures of wide bandgap(FAPbI_(3))_(0.3)(FAPbBr_(3))_(0.7) perovskites.The investigation reveals a decrease in the potential barrier at compact GBs with increasing moisture levels,contrasting with the behavior observed in open GBs.Moreover,the photocurrent distribution over both samples proportionally increases when relative humidity(RH)is raised from 10%to 60%.Notably,following a 24-h exposure at RH 60%,the compact-GB sample demonstrates:i)a reduction in the density of charged trap states at GBs,ii)higher photocurrent,accompanied by a noticeable decrease in current hysteresis compared to the open GB sample,and iii)further enhancement in device efficiency and crystallinity compared to devices with open GBs.These findings suggest that optimizing humidity conditions in engineering the GB chemistry can enhance the optoelectrical properties of GBs,ultimately leading to improved device performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42277147)Ningbo Public Welfare Research Program(Grant No.2024S081)Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2024J186).
文摘Rock brittleness is a critical property in geotechnical and energy engineering,as it directly influences the prediction of rock failure and stability assessment.Although numerous methods have been developed to evaluate brittleness,many fail to comprehensively account for the impacts of microstructural changes,mineralogical characteristics,and stress conditions on energy evolution during failure.This study proposes a novel approach for brittleness evaluation based on the energy evolution throughout the post-peak failure process,integrating two micromechanical mechanisms:crack propagation and frictional sliding.A new brittleness index is defined as the ratio of generated surface energy to released elastic energy,providing a unified framework for assessing both Class I and Class II mechanical behaviors.The brittleness of cyan,white,and gray sandstones was investigated under various confining pressures and moisture conditions using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and conventional triaxial compression(CTC)tests.The results demonstrate that brittleness decreases with increasing confining pressure,due to suppressed crack propagation,and increases under saturated conditions,as moisture enhances crack propagation.By establishing connections between mineral composition,microstructural features,and stress-induced responses,the proposed method overcame limitations of previous approaches and offered a more precise tool for evaluating rock brittleness under diverse environmental scenarios.
