A diamine(WuFDA) containing vertical rigid non-planar conjugated fluorene moiety and low polarizability group(C―F)was designed and synthesized through three steps of reactions(halogenated reaction, Suzuki coupling re...A diamine(WuFDA) containing vertical rigid non-planar conjugated fluorene moiety and low polarizability group(C―F)was designed and synthesized through three steps of reactions(halogenated reaction, Suzuki coupling reaction, and reduction reaction).Four kinds of high performance functional polyimides(WuFPI-6 F, WuFPI-BP, WuFPI-BT, and WuFPI-PM) were thus prepared by the condensation polymerization of WuFDA with four commercial dianhydride 6 FDA, BPDA, BTDA, and PMDA, respectively. The polyimides exhibited low dielectric constant, excellent thermal stability, outstanding solubility, good film-forming property, and mechanical properties. The dielectric constants of the polyimides were in the range of 2.28-2.88(f = 10~4 Hz). The 5% weight-loss temperatures(Td 5%)in nitrogen were in the range of 555-584 °C, and the glass transition temperatures(T_g) were in the range of 408-448 °C. The weight loss of WuFPI-BP maintaining at 450 and 500 °C for half an hour was only 0.33% and 1.26%, respectively. All the WuFPIs could be dissolved in almost all organic solvents, even chloroform. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of these films were in the ranges of 78.6-85.7 MPa and 3.1-3.2 GPa, respectively. In addition, the polyimides displayed light color with special fluorescent and resistive switching(ON-OFF) characteristics; the maximum fluorescence emission was observed at 422-424 nm in NMP solution and at 470-548 nm in film state. The memory devices with the configuration of indium tin oxide/WuFPIs/aluminum(ITO/WuFPIs/Al) exhibited distinct volatile memory characteristics of static random access memory(SRAM), with an ON/OFF current ratio of 10~5-10~6. These functional polyimides showed attractive potential applications in the field of high performance flexible polymer photoelectronic devices or polymer memory devices.展开更多
Four new ent-kaurane diterpenes with chiral epoxyangelate moieties, (2′R,3′R)-3 a- (2′,3′-epoxyangeloyloxy)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (1), (2′S,3′S)-3 a- (2′,3′-epoxyangeloyloxy)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (2), (2′...Four new ent-kaurane diterpenes with chiral epoxyangelate moieties, (2′R,3′R)-3 a- (2′,3′-epoxyangeloyloxy)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (1), (2′S,3′S)-3 a- (2′,3′-epoxyangeloyloxy)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (2), (2′S,3′R)-3 a- (2',3'-epoxyangeloyloxy)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (3) and (2′R,3′S)-3α- (2′,3'-epoxyangeloyloxy)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (4), along with eight known diterpenes (5-12), were isolated from Wedelia prostrata. The absolute configurations of the new structures were determined by X-ray crystallography,ECD calculations and chemical methods. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity activities on human HepG-2 cells,with IC_(50) values of 11.72 ±0.22 μmol/L to 54.75±1.12 μmol/L.展开更多
In this work, the membrane surface of poly（acrylonitrile-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate） （PANCHEMA） was chemically modified by anchoring of phospholipid moieties. The process involved the reaction of hydroxyl grou...In this work, the membrane surface of poly（acrylonitrile-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate） （PANCHEMA） was chemically modified by anchoring of phospholipid moieties. The process involved the reaction of hydroxyl groups on the membrane surface with 2-chloro-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane （COP） followed by the ring-opening reaction of COP with trimethylamine. Chemical differences between the original and the modified membranes were characterized by FT-IR and XPS, It was found that the amount of macrophage adhered on the modified membrane surface is substantially lower than that on polyacrylonitrile （PAN） and PANCHEMA membranes under the same condition, The morphological change of the adherent cell is also suppressed by the generation ofphospholipid moieties on the membrane surface.展开更多
Two poly（aryl ether）s containing naphthyl moieties were prepared from bis（3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl）naphthyl methane （monomer 1） via nucleophilic aromatic substitution polycondensation with bis（4-fluoropheny...Two poly（aryl ether）s containing naphthyl moieties were prepared from bis（3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl）naphthyl methane （monomer 1） via nucleophilic aromatic substitution polycondensation with bis（4-fluorophenyl） ketone and bis（4-fluorophenyl） sulfone. The structures of these polymers were confirmed by 1H NMR. The Mn values of the two polymers were 96,200 and 88,600, respectively. The polymers exhibited good thermal stabilities with 5% mass loss at T 〉 400 and high glass-transition temperature （Ts） of T 〉 250 ℃. Moreover, the resultant polymers were amorphous determined by wide angle X-ray diffraction （WAXD）. ？2009 Lei Wang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All fights reserved.展开更多
A new reactive graft copolymer, poly(tetramethylene glycol)-graft-omega-propyl sodium sulfonate-poly(ethylene glycol) (PTMG-g-PEG-CH2CH2CH2SO3-Na+), was synthesized by the cationic polymerization of alpha-omega-bifunc...A new reactive graft copolymer, poly(tetramethylene glycol)-graft-omega-propyl sodium sulfonate-poly(ethylene glycol) (PTMG-g-PEG-CH2CH2CH2SO3-Na+), was synthesized by the cationic polymerization of alpha-omega-bifunctional PEG macromonomer ((sic)CH2-PEG-CH2CH2CH2SO3Na) and THF. The obtained copolymer exhibits the expected structure as indicated by the result of characterization. Two amino acids (L-arginine, L-tyrosine) were covalently attached to the copolymer after converting the sulfonate group, to sulfonyl chloride. So the new reactive graft copolymer (PTMG-g-PEG-CH2CH2CH2SO3-Na+) is expected to be very useful in attachment of potentially bioactive moieties to polymer via a hydrophilic PEG spacer.展开更多
New flame-retardant polyimide-silver nanocomposite containing phosphine oxide moiety in the main chain was synthesized by a convenient ultraviolet irradiation technique.A precursor such as AgNO_3 was used as the sourc...New flame-retardant polyimide-silver nanocomposite containing phosphine oxide moiety in the main chain was synthesized by a convenient ultraviolet irradiation technique.A precursor such as AgNO_3 was used as the source of the silver particles.Polyimide 6 as a source of polymer was synthesized by polycondensation reaction of bis（3-aminophenyl） phenyl phosphine oxide 4 with pyromellitic anhydride 5 in the presence of iso-quinoline as base and in m-cresol solution.The resulting composite film was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,thermogravimetry（TGA） and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）.The average size of the nanometer Ag particles is about 10 nm.The temperature of 5 and 10%weight loss and also the char yield at 600℃of polyimide-silver nanocomposite 6a were higher than the pure PI 6.展开更多
The progress on the molecular design, synthesis and characterizations of some kinds of pyridine-containing heteroaromatic polymers in main chain were reviewed in this paper, they would include polyimides （Pls）, poly...The progress on the molecular design, synthesis and characterizations of some kinds of pyridine-containing heteroaromatic polymers in main chain were reviewed in this paper, they would include polyimides （Pls）, polypyrrolones （PPYs）, poly（pyrrolane-imide）s （PPIs）, and poly（pyrrolane-benzimidazone）s （PPBs） containing pyridine moieties. The pyridine-cantaining polymers reported all exhibit good processability, excellent thermal properties and mechanical properties. However, the contribution of pyridine ring to polymers properties is still need to research further, the heteroaromatic polymers containing pyridine moieties have focused by more and more researchers.展开更多
Efficient,green,and economical removal of radioactive iodine (I_(2)) has drawn worldwide attention for the safe development of nuclear energy. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been demonstrated to be potential ca...Efficient,green,and economical removal of radioactive iodine (I_(2)) has drawn worldwide attention for the safe development of nuclear energy. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been demonstrated to be potential candidates for I_(2) capture. Herein we report the synthesis of two novel isomeric MOFs bearing stilbene moieties for exceptionally high I_(2) adsorption. [Cd(hsb-2)(tsbdc)]·0.5DMF (HSB-W8) and Cd(hsb-2)(tsbdc) (HSB-W9),which exhibit two-dimensional and twofold interpenetrated three-dimensional structures,respectively,have been assembled from hydrogenated Schiff base ligands,hsb-2 (1,2-bis(4’-pyridylmethylamino)-ethane) and trans-stilbene-4,4-dicarboxylate (tsbdc),and Cd(NO_(3))_(2) by the diffusion method. Such isomers arise from the different conformations of hsb-2 ligands controlled by diffusion temperatures. The π-electron-rich stilbene moieties render these Cd-MOFs ideal platforms for I_(2) capture. The adsorption capacities of HSB-W8 and HSB-W9 in I_(2) vapor at room temperature can reach up to 2.32 and 1.92 g g^(-1),respectively,which are comparable to the best-performing MOF materials reported so far. Furthermore,pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model analysis,Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy,Raman spectral analysis,density functional theory (DFT) calculations,and control experiments were performed to shed light on host–vip interactions and the iodine adsorption mechanism. This work develops a rational strategy to design and synthesise functional MOF materials for iodine adsorption.展开更多
Manganese carbonyl compounds can release CO when exposed to light,potentially becoming photochemically activated CO-releasing molecules(photoCORMs).Several studies have demonstrated the behavior in the ground state wh...Manganese carbonyl compounds can release CO when exposed to light,potentially becoming photochemically activated CO-releasing molecules(photoCORMs).Several studies have demonstrated the behavior in the ground state when irradiated with light.However,much remains to be discovered about the chemistry of photoCORMs with uncoordinated ligand moieties and the excited states of these compounds.This research fills that gap via the synthesis,characterization,and study of the excited states of five manganese(I)complexes containing a potentially bi-or tridentate ligand framework(κn-Se,N,Se;n=2,3).The obtained compounds,[Mn(κ^(2)-L)(CO)3Br],retain a uncoordinated selenium-donor moiety.CO-release assays using violet light revealed the formation of a biscarbonyl intermediate.TD-DFT calculations showed that in[Mn(κ^(2)-L)(CO)3Br],the first two excited states are involved.Generalized Kohn-Sham energy decomposition analysis indicated that the strongest metal-carbonyl interaction in the ground state(carbonyl trans to bromide)became the weakest in the excited state.DFT calculations confirmed the coordination of free selenium upon CO loss,forming[Mn(κ^(3)-L)(CO)2Br],for which two configurational isomers(meridional and facial)may occur,with the first being more favored.The total interaction energies of the two carbonyls are similar,indicating the release of both.The potential energy curves indicate that the excited states involved are dissociative in nature.展开更多
The rising demand for sustainable hydrogen production has led to intensified research into alternative catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction(HER).This study focuses on incorporating ruthenium(Ru)into nickel se...The rising demand for sustainable hydrogen production has led to intensified research into alternative catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction(HER).This study focuses on incorporating ruthenium(Ru)into nickel selenide(NiSe_(2))to boost the electrocatalytic efficiency of the HER.Theoretical calculations suggest that Ru–Se–Ni moieties can alter the Gibbs free energy of adsorption for water molecules,thereby enhancing electrocatalytic kinetics.The experimental creation of Ru–NiSe_(2)on nickel foam(Ru–NiSe_(2)/NF)leads to a stable 3D structure with significant electrochemical stability.The catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 36 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)and maintains long-term stability for over 60 hours.Theoretical predictions,corroborated by experimental findings,indicate that introducing a small quantity of Ru refines the electronic structure of NiSe_(2).This makes Ru-doped NiSe_(2)a costeffective and efficient catalyst for the HER in alkaline environments.The study offers important insights into designing catalysts for sustainable hydrogen production via water electrolysis.展开更多
Hydrogen,as a clean energy carrier,holds significant promise for a wide range of applications[1].Water electrolysis for hydrogen production is regarded as a core technology for environmentally sustainable and pollutio...Hydrogen,as a clean energy carrier,holds significant promise for a wide range of applications[1].Water electrolysis for hydrogen production is regarded as a core technology for environmentally sustainable and pollution-free hydrogen generation.Among various electrolysis technologies,anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWE)has garnered substantial attention due to its low operational cost and high dynamic response[2].展开更多
Rice bran is the outer layer of the rice grain and a by-product of milling rice kernels,possessing high nutritional and therapeutic value.It is abundant in dietary fibers,vitamins,minerals,polyphenols,and various anti...Rice bran is the outer layer of the rice grain and a by-product of milling rice kernels,possessing high nutritional and therapeutic value.It is abundant in dietary fibers,vitamins,minerals,polyphenols,and various antioxidant molecules.The health-promoting effects of rice bran and its biomolecules have been documented in several studies.In this review,we evaluated the different nutritive and health-promoting effects of rice bran,particularly its impact on gut health and other chronic conditions associated with gut health.The biomolecules present in rice bran and their potential therapeutic effects were also summarized.This paper recapitulated the potential therapeutic and preventive efficacy of rice bran against various ailments,along with their mechanisms of action.Rice bran is an important source of nutritive substances.In addition to their nutritive value,rice bran is rich in diverse biomolecules such as anthocyanins,flavonoids,phenolics,γ-oryzanol,phytosterols and derivatives,saturated fatty acids,monounsaturated fatty acids,and polyunsaturated fatty acids.The dietary fibers in rice bran play a key role in modulating gut microbiota,reducing inflammation,and maintaining gut health.Rice bran and its components have been found to exhibit therapeutic benefits against inflammation,diabetes,cancer,liver disorders,cardiac issues,and neurological disorders through various mechanisms.Different clinical investigations have also confirmed the potential beneficial effects of rice bran and rice bran oil in various metabolic and cardiac disease conditions.Modulating gut microbiota is an important mechanism of the beneficial effects exerted by rice bran.This comprehensive review underscores the nutritional and therapeutic value of rice bran,emphasizing its potential for wider adoption to address nutrient deficiencies and improve human health.展开更多
Replacing Pt-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with high performance and low-cost non-precious metal catalysts is crucial for the commercialization of fuel cells.Herein,we present a highly...Replacing Pt-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with high performance and low-cost non-precious metal catalysts is crucial for the commercialization of fuel cells.Herein,we present a highly efficient Fe-N-C porous ORR electrocatalyst with FeNx moieties promoted by Fe2N nanoparticles derived from Fe-doped zeolitic imidazolate framework.The best-performing Fe-N-C/HPC-NH3 catalyst exhibits a superior ORR activity with an onset (E0) and half-wave (E1/2) potential of 0.945 and 0.803 V (RHE),respectively,which is comparable to those of the commercial Pt/C in acidic media.Probing and acid-leaching experiments prove that FeNx moieties play an important role in the ORR and the Fe2N can further improve the ORR activity.Density functional theory calculation reveals a synergistic effect that the existence of Fe2N weakens the adsorption of ORR intermediates on active sites and lowers the reaction free energy of the potential limiting step,thus facilitating the ORR.Both experimental evidence and theoretical analysis for the enhancement of ORR activity by Fe2N decoration in Fe-N-C catalyst might inspire a new strategy for rational design of high performance non-precious metal catalysts.展开更多
In this article, we reported the synthesis and characterization of a novel silafluorene-based host material, 1,3-bis（5-methyl-5H- dibenzo[b,d]silol-5-yl）benzene （Me-DBSiB）, for blue phosphorescent organic light-em...In this article, we reported the synthesis and characterization of a novel silafluorene-based host material, 1,3-bis（5-methyl-5H- dibenzo[b,d]silol-5-yl）benzene （Me-DBSiB）, for blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices （PHOLEDs）. The Me- DBSiB was constructed by linking 9-methyl-9-silafluorene units to the phenyl framework through the sp3-hybridized silica atom to maintain high singlet and triplet energy, as well as to enhance thermal and photo-stability. The calculated result shows that the phenyl core does not contribute to both the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. Wide optical energy gap of 4.1 eV was achieved. When the Me-DBSiB was used as the host and iridium （Ⅲ） bis[（4,6-difluorophenyl）pyridinato-N,C2＇]picolate （Firpic） as the vip, a maximum current efficiency was 14.8 cd/A, lower than the counterpart of 1,3-bis（9-carbazolyl）benzene （28 cd/A）. The unbalanced barrier for electron and hole injection to host layer may be responsible for low efficiency. Even so, our results show that silafluorene moieties are promising building blocks for constructing wide-energy-gap host materials.展开更多
Polarization-dependent loss is important to the highly electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)performance.Recently,metal–Nx moieties have been discovered to trigger polarization loss,but the physical origin and other po...Polarization-dependent loss is important to the highly electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)performance.Recently,metal–Nx moieties have been discovered to trigger polarization loss,but the physical origin and other possible related loss mechanisms still need to be deeply explored.In this article,we reveal that the FeN_(4)moiety from iron phthalocyanine(FePc)can coordinate with Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)through Ti–OH groups,inducing dipole polarization and synchronous magnetic modulation in Fe/TiO_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)composites.Interestingly,using the enhanced electric dipole moment and increased number of unpaired electrons in Fe atoms,the dipole polarization loss and possible magnetic response can be rapidly confirmed and evaluated.As a result,the minimum reflection loss(RLmin)of Fe/TiO_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)composites reaches−67.12 dB at 6.72 GHz with a thickness of 3.32 mm.This study elaborates the EWA mechanism based on the atomic scale,and provides a new idea to design efficient EWA materials.展开更多
The extraction residue from Shengli lignite was sequentially dissolved in cyclohexane, benzene, methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol in an autoclave at 320℃ to afford soluble portions(SPs) 1–5(SP_1-SP_5) and the final...The extraction residue from Shengli lignite was sequentially dissolved in cyclohexane, benzene, methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol in an autoclave at 320℃ to afford soluble portions(SPs) 1–5(SP_1-SP_5) and the final residue(FR). The total yield of SP_1-SP_5 is ca. 55.1%. The FR was subjected to ruthenium ioncatalyzed oxidation and the resulting products were isolated from the reaction mixture and esterified.Both the esterified products and SP_1-SP_5 were analyzed with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer.In total, 342 compounds were identified in SP_1-SP_5. They can be classified into normal alkanes, branched alkanes, alkenes, alkanedienes, arenes, alkanols, methylcycloalkanes, alkenols, alkylbenzenemethanols,arenols, anisol and substituted anisols, polymethyldihydrobenzofurans, arenofurans, dibenzofurans,ethoxymethylbenzenes, aldehydes, ketones, esters, nitrogen-containing organic compounds, sulfurcontaining organic compounds, and other compounds. Among the compounds, arenols are predominant in SP_1 and SP_2 and the main compounds in SP_3, while the main compounds in SP_4 and SP_5 are esters and arenes, respectively. According to the esterified products identified, the products from the FR oxidation can be grouped into non-benzene ring carboxylic acids(NBCAs) and benzenepolycarboxylic acids(BPCAs). The total yield of BPCAs is much higher than that of NBCAs, suggesting that the FR is rich in condensed aromatic moieties.展开更多
Variations in the abundance of soil organic matter(SOM) constituents with different stability have a major impact on important environmental processes, e.g., carbon dioxide(CO2) fluxes between the soil and the atmosph...Variations in the abundance of soil organic matter(SOM) constituents with different stability have a major impact on important environmental processes, e.g., carbon dioxide(CO2) fluxes between the soil and the atmosphere. Recently, besides the bulk Rock-Eval(RE) data, the mathematical deconvolution of the signals derived from hydrocarbon-like compounds released by thermal cracking of SOM during RE pyrolysis has been increasingly used to estimate the relative contribution of the major SOM classes differing in origin and preservation. This study applied the mathematical deconvolution of the S3 and S4 signals of carbon monoxide(CO) and CO2, produced both by the pyrolysis of the oxygen-containing moieties and by the oxidation of the residual highly resistant organic matter, to characterize the stability of these components. Our results suggested that the stability of the oxygen-containing moieties was controlled by the precursor material and was strongly affected by the land use and the presence of humic substances in the surface horizon of some main soil types in Hungary. In consistence with the bulk RE data, results of the mathematical deconvolution also proved to be diagnostic markers for discriminating the aquatic or terrigenous plants as the main sources of SOM. The mathematical deconvolution of S4 signals derived from the highly resistant SOM fraction allowed us to quantify the contribution of constituents with different stability. Furthermore, the results of this study displayed that the stability of this highly abundant SOM fraction in the surface soil samples depended on source biomass and intensity of leaching.展开更多
In order to search for novel potent and environmentally benign insecticides,a series of anthranilic diamides containing various fluorinated groups were designed and synthesized.Their structures were confirmed by -1H N...In order to search for novel potent and environmentally benign insecticides,a series of anthranilic diamides containing various fluorinated groups were designed and synthesized.Their structures were confirmed by -1H NMR,-（13）C NMR,-（19）F NMR,elemental analysis,HRMS or mass spectra.Their insecticidal activities against oriental armyworm（Mythimna separata） and diamondback moth（Plutella xyiostella）were evaluated.The preliminary structure-activity relationship（SAR） was discussed in detail.The biological assay indicated that most of the compounds exhibited moderate to excellent insecticidal activities.Especially,Ia showed high larvicidal activity against oriental armyworm.Meanwhile,Iu had better larvicidal effects against diamondback moth than commercial chlorantraniliprole.展开更多
Seven new Schiff bases, which are 4,4,4-trifluo-ro-1-(2-thienyl)-1-butanone-3-Z, Z =-thioseraicarbazone (a); -thiocarbohydrazone (b),-benzoic hydrazone (c), -( o-hydroxyphenyl) imine (d) ,-nicotinic hydrazone (e),-sal...Seven new Schiff bases, which are 4,4,4-trifluo-ro-1-(2-thienyl)-1-butanone-3-Z, Z =-thioseraicarbazone (a); -thiocarbohydrazone (b),-benzoic hydrazone (c), -( o-hydroxyphenyl) imine (d) ,-nicotinic hydrazone (e),-salicylic hydrazone (f), and -(p-fluoro-m-chlorophenyl) imine (g), have been synthesized by reaction of 4, 4, 4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedione (TFTBD) with corresponding hy-drazides or anilines, acetic acid or p-toluence sulfonic acid as catalyst, and characterized by Elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis,1H NMR and MS. The MS spectra confirmed that the -C3=O condensed with primary amino group. Tauto-merism of the compounds is discussed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Thiopurine-induced leukopenia(TIL)is a life-threatening toxicity and occurs with a high frequency in the Asian population.Although nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X-type motif 15(NUDT15)variants signif...BACKGROUND Thiopurine-induced leukopenia(TIL)is a life-threatening toxicity and occurs with a high frequency in the Asian population.Although nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X-type motif 15(NUDT15)variants significantly improve the predictive sensitivity of TIL,more than 50%of cases of this toxicity cannot be predicted by this mutation.The potential use of the 6-thioguanine nucleotide(6TGN)level to predict TIL has been explored,but no decisive conclusion has been reached.Can we increase the predictive sensitivity based on 6TGN by subgrouping patients according to their NUDT15 R139C genotypes?AIM To determine the 6TGN cut-off levels after dividing patients into subgroups according to their NUDT15 R139C genotypes.METHODS Patients’clinical and epidemiological characteristics were collected from medical records from July 2014 to February 2017.NUDT15 R139C,thiopurine S methyltransferase,and 6TGN concentrations were measured.RESULTS A total of 411 Crohn’s disease patients were included.TIL was observed in 72 individuals with a median 6TGN level of 323.4 pmol/8×10^8 red blood cells(RBC),which was not different from that of patients without TIL(P=0.071).Then,we compared the 6TGN levels based on NUDT15 R139C.For CC(n=342)and CT(n=65)genotypes,the median 6TGN level in patients with TIL was significantly higher than that in patients without(474.8 vs 306.0 pmol/8×10^8 RBC,P=9.4×10-^5;291.7 vs 217.6 pmol/8×10^8 RBC,P=0.039,respectively).The four TT carriers developed TIL,with a median 6TGN concentration of 135.8 pmol/8×10^8 RBC.The 6TGN cut-off levels were 411.5 and 319.2 pmol/8×108 RBC for the CC and CT groups,respectively.CONCLUSION The predictive sensitivity of TIL based on 6TGN is dramatically increased after subgrouping according to NUDT15 R139C genotypes.Applying 6TGN cut-off levels to adjust thiopurine therapies based on NUDT15 is strongly recommended.展开更多
基金financial support by the National 973 Program of China (No. 2014CB643605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51373204 and 51873239)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province (Nos. 2015B090915003 and 2015B090913003)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2017M612801)the Leading Scientific, Technical and Innovation Talents of Guangdong Special Support Program (No. 2016TX03C295)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 161gzd08)
文摘A diamine(WuFDA) containing vertical rigid non-planar conjugated fluorene moiety and low polarizability group(C―F)was designed and synthesized through three steps of reactions(halogenated reaction, Suzuki coupling reaction, and reduction reaction).Four kinds of high performance functional polyimides(WuFPI-6 F, WuFPI-BP, WuFPI-BT, and WuFPI-PM) were thus prepared by the condensation polymerization of WuFDA with four commercial dianhydride 6 FDA, BPDA, BTDA, and PMDA, respectively. The polyimides exhibited low dielectric constant, excellent thermal stability, outstanding solubility, good film-forming property, and mechanical properties. The dielectric constants of the polyimides were in the range of 2.28-2.88(f = 10~4 Hz). The 5% weight-loss temperatures(Td 5%)in nitrogen were in the range of 555-584 °C, and the glass transition temperatures(T_g) were in the range of 408-448 °C. The weight loss of WuFPI-BP maintaining at 450 and 500 °C for half an hour was only 0.33% and 1.26%, respectively. All the WuFPIs could be dissolved in almost all organic solvents, even chloroform. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of these films were in the ranges of 78.6-85.7 MPa and 3.1-3.2 GPa, respectively. In addition, the polyimides displayed light color with special fluorescent and resistive switching(ON-OFF) characteristics; the maximum fluorescence emission was observed at 422-424 nm in NMP solution and at 470-548 nm in film state. The memory devices with the configuration of indium tin oxide/WuFPIs/aluminum(ITO/WuFPIs/Al) exhibited distinct volatile memory characteristics of static random access memory(SRAM), with an ON/OFF current ratio of 10~5-10~6. These functional polyimides showed attractive potential applications in the field of high performance flexible polymer photoelectronic devices or polymer memory devices.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81473116,81673319,81673670)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (Nos. 2016A030303011, 2016B030301004)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No. 2017A030313732)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No. 55350202)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No. cstc2013jcyjA10065)
文摘Four new ent-kaurane diterpenes with chiral epoxyangelate moieties, (2′R,3′R)-3 a- (2′,3′-epoxyangeloyloxy)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (1), (2′S,3′S)-3 a- (2′,3′-epoxyangeloyloxy)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (2), (2′S,3′R)-3 a- (2',3'-epoxyangeloyloxy)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (3) and (2′R,3′S)-3α- (2′,3'-epoxyangeloyloxy)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (4), along with eight known diterpenes (5-12), were isolated from Wedelia prostrata. The absolute configurations of the new structures were determined by X-ray crystallography,ECD calculations and chemical methods. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity activities on human HepG-2 cells,with IC_(50) values of 11.72 ±0.22 μmol/L to 54.75±1.12 μmol/L.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50273032).
文摘In this work, the membrane surface of poly（acrylonitrile-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate） （PANCHEMA） was chemically modified by anchoring of phospholipid moieties. The process involved the reaction of hydroxyl groups on the membrane surface with 2-chloro-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane （COP） followed by the ring-opening reaction of COP with trimethylamine. Chemical differences between the original and the modified membranes were characterized by FT-IR and XPS, It was found that the amount of macrophage adhered on the modified membrane surface is substantially lower than that on polyacrylonitrile （PAN） and PANCHEMA membranes under the same condition, The morphological change of the adherent cell is also suppressed by the generation ofphospholipid moieties on the membrane surface.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.7301357)Science and Technology Projects of Shenzhen City(No.200724).
文摘Two poly（aryl ether）s containing naphthyl moieties were prepared from bis（3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl）naphthyl methane （monomer 1） via nucleophilic aromatic substitution polycondensation with bis（4-fluorophenyl） ketone and bis（4-fluorophenyl） sulfone. The structures of these polymers were confirmed by 1H NMR. The Mn values of the two polymers were 96,200 and 88,600, respectively. The polymers exhibited good thermal stabilities with 5% mass loss at T 〉 400 and high glass-transition temperature （Ts） of T 〉 250 ℃. Moreover, the resultant polymers were amorphous determined by wide angle X-ray diffraction （WAXD）. ？2009 Lei Wang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All fights reserved.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Huoyindong Education Foundation
文摘A new reactive graft copolymer, poly(tetramethylene glycol)-graft-omega-propyl sodium sulfonate-poly(ethylene glycol) (PTMG-g-PEG-CH2CH2CH2SO3-Na+), was synthesized by the cationic polymerization of alpha-omega-bifunctional PEG macromonomer ((sic)CH2-PEG-CH2CH2CH2SO3Na) and THF. The obtained copolymer exhibits the expected structure as indicated by the result of characterization. Two amino acids (L-arginine, L-tyrosine) were covalently attached to the copolymer after converting the sulfonate group, to sulfonyl chloride. So the new reactive graft copolymer (PTMG-g-PEG-CH2CH2CH2SO3-Na+) is expected to be very useful in attachment of potentially bioactive moieties to polymer via a hydrophilic PEG spacer.
文摘New flame-retardant polyimide-silver nanocomposite containing phosphine oxide moiety in the main chain was synthesized by a convenient ultraviolet irradiation technique.A precursor such as AgNO_3 was used as the source of the silver particles.Polyimide 6 as a source of polymer was synthesized by polycondensation reaction of bis（3-aminophenyl） phenyl phosphine oxide 4 with pyromellitic anhydride 5 in the presence of iso-quinoline as base and in m-cresol solution.The resulting composite film was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,thermogravimetry（TGA） and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）.The average size of the nanometer Ag particles is about 10 nm.The temperature of 5 and 10%weight loss and also the char yield at 600℃of polyimide-silver nanocomposite 6a were higher than the pure PI 6.
文摘The progress on the molecular design, synthesis and characterizations of some kinds of pyridine-containing heteroaromatic polymers in main chain were reviewed in this paper, they would include polyimides （Pls）, polypyrrolones （PPYs）, poly（pyrrolane-imide）s （PPIs）, and poly（pyrrolane-benzimidazone）s （PPBs） containing pyridine moieties. The pyridine-cantaining polymers reported all exhibit good processability, excellent thermal properties and mechanical properties. However, the contribution of pyridine ring to polymers properties is still need to research further, the heteroaromatic polymers containing pyridine moieties have focused by more and more researchers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(21901246)the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(XDB20010200)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2019J01126).
文摘Efficient,green,and economical removal of radioactive iodine (I_(2)) has drawn worldwide attention for the safe development of nuclear energy. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been demonstrated to be potential candidates for I_(2) capture. Herein we report the synthesis of two novel isomeric MOFs bearing stilbene moieties for exceptionally high I_(2) adsorption. [Cd(hsb-2)(tsbdc)]·0.5DMF (HSB-W8) and Cd(hsb-2)(tsbdc) (HSB-W9),which exhibit two-dimensional and twofold interpenetrated three-dimensional structures,respectively,have been assembled from hydrogenated Schiff base ligands,hsb-2 (1,2-bis(4’-pyridylmethylamino)-ethane) and trans-stilbene-4,4-dicarboxylate (tsbdc),and Cd(NO_(3))_(2) by the diffusion method. Such isomers arise from the different conformations of hsb-2 ligands controlled by diffusion temperatures. The π-electron-rich stilbene moieties render these Cd-MOFs ideal platforms for I_(2) capture. The adsorption capacities of HSB-W8 and HSB-W9 in I_(2) vapor at room temperature can reach up to 2.32 and 1.92 g g^(-1),respectively,which are comparable to the best-performing MOF materials reported so far. Furthermore,pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model analysis,Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy,Raman spectral analysis,density functional theory (DFT) calculations,and control experiments were performed to shed light on host–vip interactions and the iodine adsorption mechanism. This work develops a rational strategy to design and synthesise functional MOF materials for iodine adsorption.
基金supported by the Brazilian government Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq),Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil(CAPES)-Finance Code 001We also acknowledge the CAPES-STINT grant for Swedish-Brazilian scientific collaboration,the Federal University of Santa Catarina(UFSC),the Analysis Center of the Department of Chemistry(UFSC)for the NMR and X-ray crystallography analysis,and the Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Estrutural(UFSC)for the ESI-MS analysis realized+3 种基金The computations were enabled by resources provided by LUNARC,The Centre for Scientific and Technical Computing at Lund University and also by the Centro Nacional de Supercomputação(CESUP)from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul,and Xiamen Atomistic Computing Suite(XACS)for the cloud computing facilities to run GKS-EDAA.J.B.thanks the Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos(FINEP)and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Catálise(INCT-catálise,444061/2018-5)G.F.C.thanks CNPq for research fellowship(grants:405109/2023-7 and 310550/2023-8)R.A.P.thanks CNPq for grants(309062/2023-3 and 404368/2023-9).
文摘Manganese carbonyl compounds can release CO when exposed to light,potentially becoming photochemically activated CO-releasing molecules(photoCORMs).Several studies have demonstrated the behavior in the ground state when irradiated with light.However,much remains to be discovered about the chemistry of photoCORMs with uncoordinated ligand moieties and the excited states of these compounds.This research fills that gap via the synthesis,characterization,and study of the excited states of five manganese(I)complexes containing a potentially bi-or tridentate ligand framework(κn-Se,N,Se;n=2,3).The obtained compounds,[Mn(κ^(2)-L)(CO)3Br],retain a uncoordinated selenium-donor moiety.CO-release assays using violet light revealed the formation of a biscarbonyl intermediate.TD-DFT calculations showed that in[Mn(κ^(2)-L)(CO)3Br],the first two excited states are involved.Generalized Kohn-Sham energy decomposition analysis indicated that the strongest metal-carbonyl interaction in the ground state(carbonyl trans to bromide)became the weakest in the excited state.DFT calculations confirmed the coordination of free selenium upon CO loss,forming[Mn(κ^(3)-L)(CO)2Br],for which two configurational isomers(meridional and facial)may occur,with the first being more favored.The total interaction energies of the two carbonyls are similar,indicating the release of both.The potential energy curves indicate that the excited states involved are dissociative in nature.
基金PhD Research Startup Foundation(PXY-BSQD-2021022)。
文摘The rising demand for sustainable hydrogen production has led to intensified research into alternative catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction(HER).This study focuses on incorporating ruthenium(Ru)into nickel selenide(NiSe_(2))to boost the electrocatalytic efficiency of the HER.Theoretical calculations suggest that Ru–Se–Ni moieties can alter the Gibbs free energy of adsorption for water molecules,thereby enhancing electrocatalytic kinetics.The experimental creation of Ru–NiSe_(2)on nickel foam(Ru–NiSe_(2)/NF)leads to a stable 3D structure with significant electrochemical stability.The catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 36 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)and maintains long-term stability for over 60 hours.Theoretical predictions,corroborated by experimental findings,indicate that introducing a small quantity of Ru refines the electronic structure of NiSe_(2).This makes Ru-doped NiSe_(2)a costeffective and efficient catalyst for the HER in alkaline environments.The study offers important insights into designing catalysts for sustainable hydrogen production via water electrolysis.
文摘Hydrogen,as a clean energy carrier,holds significant promise for a wide range of applications[1].Water electrolysis for hydrogen production is regarded as a core technology for environmentally sustainable and pollution-free hydrogen generation.Among various electrolysis technologies,anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWE)has garnered substantial attention due to its low operational cost and high dynamic response[2].
文摘Rice bran is the outer layer of the rice grain and a by-product of milling rice kernels,possessing high nutritional and therapeutic value.It is abundant in dietary fibers,vitamins,minerals,polyphenols,and various antioxidant molecules.The health-promoting effects of rice bran and its biomolecules have been documented in several studies.In this review,we evaluated the different nutritive and health-promoting effects of rice bran,particularly its impact on gut health and other chronic conditions associated with gut health.The biomolecules present in rice bran and their potential therapeutic effects were also summarized.This paper recapitulated the potential therapeutic and preventive efficacy of rice bran against various ailments,along with their mechanisms of action.Rice bran is an important source of nutritive substances.In addition to their nutritive value,rice bran is rich in diverse biomolecules such as anthocyanins,flavonoids,phenolics,γ-oryzanol,phytosterols and derivatives,saturated fatty acids,monounsaturated fatty acids,and polyunsaturated fatty acids.The dietary fibers in rice bran play a key role in modulating gut microbiota,reducing inflammation,and maintaining gut health.Rice bran and its components have been found to exhibit therapeutic benefits against inflammation,diabetes,cancer,liver disorders,cardiac issues,and neurological disorders through various mechanisms.Different clinical investigations have also confirmed the potential beneficial effects of rice bran and rice bran oil in various metabolic and cardiac disease conditions.Modulating gut microbiota is an important mechanism of the beneficial effects exerted by rice bran.This comprehensive review underscores the nutritional and therapeutic value of rice bran,emphasizing its potential for wider adoption to address nutrient deficiencies and improve human health.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2017YFA0206500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21802161,21673275,and 21533005).
文摘Replacing Pt-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with high performance and low-cost non-precious metal catalysts is crucial for the commercialization of fuel cells.Herein,we present a highly efficient Fe-N-C porous ORR electrocatalyst with FeNx moieties promoted by Fe2N nanoparticles derived from Fe-doped zeolitic imidazolate framework.The best-performing Fe-N-C/HPC-NH3 catalyst exhibits a superior ORR activity with an onset (E0) and half-wave (E1/2) potential of 0.945 and 0.803 V (RHE),respectively,which is comparable to those of the commercial Pt/C in acidic media.Probing and acid-leaching experiments prove that FeNx moieties play an important role in the ORR and the Fe2N can further improve the ORR activity.Density functional theory calculation reveals a synergistic effect that the existence of Fe2N weakens the adsorption of ORR intermediates on active sites and lowers the reaction free energy of the potential limiting step,thus facilitating the ORR.Both experimental evidence and theoretical analysis for the enhancement of ORR activity by Fe2N decoration in Fe-N-C catalyst might inspire a new strategy for rational design of high performance non-precious metal catalysts.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(08143034)the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB328705)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61275034,61106123)
文摘In this article, we reported the synthesis and characterization of a novel silafluorene-based host material, 1,3-bis（5-methyl-5H- dibenzo[b,d]silol-5-yl）benzene （Me-DBSiB）, for blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices （PHOLEDs）. The Me- DBSiB was constructed by linking 9-methyl-9-silafluorene units to the phenyl framework through the sp3-hybridized silica atom to maintain high singlet and triplet energy, as well as to enhance thermal and photo-stability. The calculated result shows that the phenyl core does not contribute to both the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. Wide optical energy gap of 4.1 eV was achieved. When the Me-DBSiB was used as the host and iridium （Ⅲ） bis[（4,6-difluorophenyl）pyridinato-N,C2＇]picolate （Firpic） as the vip, a maximum current efficiency was 14.8 cd/A, lower than the counterpart of 1,3-bis（9-carbazolyl）benzene （28 cd/A）. The unbalanced barrier for electron and hole injection to host layer may be responsible for low efficiency. Even so, our results show that silafluorene moieties are promising building blocks for constructing wide-energy-gap host materials.
基金supported by the Taishan Young Scholar Program(tsqn202306267)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51802168)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024ME182,ZR2021ME122)。
文摘Polarization-dependent loss is important to the highly electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)performance.Recently,metal–Nx moieties have been discovered to trigger polarization loss,but the physical origin and other possible related loss mechanisms still need to be deeply explored.In this article,we reveal that the FeN_(4)moiety from iron phthalocyanine(FePc)can coordinate with Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)through Ti–OH groups,inducing dipole polarization and synchronous magnetic modulation in Fe/TiO_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)composites.Interestingly,using the enhanced electric dipole moment and increased number of unpaired electrons in Fe atoms,the dipole polarization loss and possible magnetic response can be rapidly confirmed and evaluated.As a result,the minimum reflection loss(RLmin)of Fe/TiO_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)composites reaches−67.12 dB at 6.72 GHz with a thickness of 3.32 mm.This study elaborates the EWA mechanism based on the atomic scale,and provides a new idea to design efficient EWA materials.
基金provided by the Key Project of Joint Fund from National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Grant U1503293)+1 种基金Natural Scientific Foundation of China (Grant 21576280)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘The extraction residue from Shengli lignite was sequentially dissolved in cyclohexane, benzene, methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol in an autoclave at 320℃ to afford soluble portions(SPs) 1–5(SP_1-SP_5) and the final residue(FR). The total yield of SP_1-SP_5 is ca. 55.1%. The FR was subjected to ruthenium ioncatalyzed oxidation and the resulting products were isolated from the reaction mixture and esterified.Both the esterified products and SP_1-SP_5 were analyzed with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer.In total, 342 compounds were identified in SP_1-SP_5. They can be classified into normal alkanes, branched alkanes, alkenes, alkanedienes, arenes, alkanols, methylcycloalkanes, alkenols, alkylbenzenemethanols,arenols, anisol and substituted anisols, polymethyldihydrobenzofurans, arenofurans, dibenzofurans,ethoxymethylbenzenes, aldehydes, ketones, esters, nitrogen-containing organic compounds, sulfurcontaining organic compounds, and other compounds. Among the compounds, arenols are predominant in SP_1 and SP_2 and the main compounds in SP_3, while the main compounds in SP_4 and SP_5 are esters and arenes, respectively. According to the esterified products identified, the products from the FR oxidation can be grouped into non-benzene ring carboxylic acids(NBCAs) and benzenepolycarboxylic acids(BPCAs). The total yield of BPCAs is much higher than that of NBCAs, suggesting that the FR is rich in condensed aromatic moieties.
基金Supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund(No.OTKA K-81181)
文摘Variations in the abundance of soil organic matter(SOM) constituents with different stability have a major impact on important environmental processes, e.g., carbon dioxide(CO2) fluxes between the soil and the atmosphere. Recently, besides the bulk Rock-Eval(RE) data, the mathematical deconvolution of the signals derived from hydrocarbon-like compounds released by thermal cracking of SOM during RE pyrolysis has been increasingly used to estimate the relative contribution of the major SOM classes differing in origin and preservation. This study applied the mathematical deconvolution of the S3 and S4 signals of carbon monoxide(CO) and CO2, produced both by the pyrolysis of the oxygen-containing moieties and by the oxidation of the residual highly resistant organic matter, to characterize the stability of these components. Our results suggested that the stability of the oxygen-containing moieties was controlled by the precursor material and was strongly affected by the land use and the presence of humic substances in the surface horizon of some main soil types in Hungary. In consistence with the bulk RE data, results of the mathematical deconvolution also proved to be diagnostic markers for discriminating the aquatic or terrigenous plants as the main sources of SOM. The mathematical deconvolution of S4 signals derived from the highly resistant SOM fraction allowed us to quantify the contribution of constituents with different stability. Furthermore, the results of this study displayed that the stability of this highly abundant SOM fraction in the surface soil samples depended on source biomass and intensity of leaching.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21372133)973 Program(No.2010CB126106)"111" Project of Ministry of Education of China(No.B06005)
文摘In order to search for novel potent and environmentally benign insecticides,a series of anthranilic diamides containing various fluorinated groups were designed and synthesized.Their structures were confirmed by -1H NMR,-（13）C NMR,-（19）F NMR,elemental analysis,HRMS or mass spectra.Their insecticidal activities against oriental armyworm（Mythimna separata） and diamondback moth（Plutella xyiostella）were evaluated.The preliminary structure-activity relationship（SAR） was discussed in detail.The biological assay indicated that most of the compounds exhibited moderate to excellent insecticidal activities.Especially,Ia showed high larvicidal activity against oriental armyworm.Meanwhile,Iu had better larvicidal effects against diamondback moth than commercial chlorantraniliprole.
文摘Seven new Schiff bases, which are 4,4,4-trifluo-ro-1-(2-thienyl)-1-butanone-3-Z, Z =-thioseraicarbazone (a); -thiocarbohydrazone (b),-benzoic hydrazone (c), -( o-hydroxyphenyl) imine (d) ,-nicotinic hydrazone (e),-salicylic hydrazone (f), and -(p-fluoro-m-chlorophenyl) imine (g), have been synthesized by reaction of 4, 4, 4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedione (TFTBD) with corresponding hy-drazides or anilines, acetic acid or p-toluence sulfonic acid as catalyst, and characterized by Elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis,1H NMR and MS. The MS spectra confirmed that the -C3=O condensed with primary amino group. Tauto-merism of the compounds is discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81573507,No.81473283,No.81173131,and No.81320108027Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Construction Foundation,No.2017B030314030+1 种基金The National Key Research and Development Program,No.2016YFC0905003the 111 Project,No.B16047
文摘BACKGROUND Thiopurine-induced leukopenia(TIL)is a life-threatening toxicity and occurs with a high frequency in the Asian population.Although nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X-type motif 15(NUDT15)variants significantly improve the predictive sensitivity of TIL,more than 50%of cases of this toxicity cannot be predicted by this mutation.The potential use of the 6-thioguanine nucleotide(6TGN)level to predict TIL has been explored,but no decisive conclusion has been reached.Can we increase the predictive sensitivity based on 6TGN by subgrouping patients according to their NUDT15 R139C genotypes?AIM To determine the 6TGN cut-off levels after dividing patients into subgroups according to their NUDT15 R139C genotypes.METHODS Patients’clinical and epidemiological characteristics were collected from medical records from July 2014 to February 2017.NUDT15 R139C,thiopurine S methyltransferase,and 6TGN concentrations were measured.RESULTS A total of 411 Crohn’s disease patients were included.TIL was observed in 72 individuals with a median 6TGN level of 323.4 pmol/8×10^8 red blood cells(RBC),which was not different from that of patients without TIL(P=0.071).Then,we compared the 6TGN levels based on NUDT15 R139C.For CC(n=342)and CT(n=65)genotypes,the median 6TGN level in patients with TIL was significantly higher than that in patients without(474.8 vs 306.0 pmol/8×10^8 RBC,P=9.4×10-^5;291.7 vs 217.6 pmol/8×10^8 RBC,P=0.039,respectively).The four TT carriers developed TIL,with a median 6TGN concentration of 135.8 pmol/8×10^8 RBC.The 6TGN cut-off levels were 411.5 and 319.2 pmol/8×108 RBC for the CC and CT groups,respectively.CONCLUSION The predictive sensitivity of TIL based on 6TGN is dramatically increased after subgrouping according to NUDT15 R139C genotypes.Applying 6TGN cut-off levels to adjust thiopurine therapies based on NUDT15 is strongly recommended.
