Photovoltaic (PV) modules, as essential components of solar power generation systems, significantly influence unitpower generation costs.The service life of these modules directly affects these costs. Over time, the p...Photovoltaic (PV) modules, as essential components of solar power generation systems, significantly influence unitpower generation costs.The service life of these modules directly affects these costs. Over time, the performanceof PV modules gradually declines due to internal degradation and external environmental factors.This cumulativedegradation impacts the overall reliability of photovoltaic power generation. This study addresses the complexdegradation process of PV modules by developing a two-stage Wiener process model. This approach accountsfor the distinct phases of degradation resulting from module aging and environmental influences. A powerdegradation model based on the two-stage Wiener process is constructed to describe individual differences inmodule degradation processes. To estimate the model parameters, a combination of the Expectation-Maximization(EM) algorithm and the Bayesian method is employed. Furthermore, the Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC) isutilized to identify critical change points in PV module degradation trajectories. To validate the universality andeffectiveness of the proposed method, a comparative analysis is conducted against other established life predictiontechniques for PV modules.展开更多
The fabrication of efficient and stable flexible perovskite solar modules(F-PSMs)using poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine](PTAA)remains a significant challenge due to its hydrophobic properties and the mis...The fabrication of efficient and stable flexible perovskite solar modules(F-PSMs)using poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine](PTAA)remains a significant challenge due to its hydrophobic properties and the mismatch in interface energy-level alignment.Here,we introduced[2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carba zol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid(MeO-2PACz)to modify the PTAA layer,which effectively suppressed surface potential fluctuations and aligned energy levels at the interface of PTAA/perovskite.Additionally,MeO-2PACz enhanced the hydrophilicity of PTAA,facilitating the fabrication of dense,uniform,and pinhole-free perovskite films on large-area flexible substrates.As a result,we achieved an F-PSM with a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 16.6% and an aperture area of 64 cm^(2),which is the highest reported value among F-PSMs with an active area exceeding 35 cm^(2)based on PTAA.Moreover,the encapsulated module demonstrated outstanding long-term operational stability,retaining 90.2% of its initial efficiency after 1000 bending cycles(5 mm radius),87.2% after 1000 h of continuous illumination,and 80.3% under combined thermal and humid conditions(85℃ and 85% relative humidity),representing one of the most stable F-PSMs reported to date.展开更多
Self-assembled prodrug nanomedicine has emerged as an advanced platform for antitumor therapy,mainly comprise drug modules,response modules and modification modules.However,existing studies usually compare the differe...Self-assembled prodrug nanomedicine has emerged as an advanced platform for antitumor therapy,mainly comprise drug modules,response modules and modification modules.However,existing studies usually compare the differences between single types of modification modules,neglecting the impact of steric-hindrance effect caused by chemical structure.Herein,single-tailed modification module with low-steric-hindrance effect and two-tailed modification module with high-steric-hindrance effect were selected to construct paclitaxel prodrugs(P-LA_(C18)and P-BAC18),and the in-depth insights of the sterichindrance effect on prodrug nanoassemblies were explored.Notably,the size stability of the two-tailed prodrugs was enhanced due to improved intermolecular interactions and steric hindrance.Single-tailed prodrug nanoassemblies were more susceptible to attack by redox agents,showing faster drug release and stronger antitumor efficacy,but with poorer safety.In contrast,two-tailed prodrug nanoassemblies exhibited significant advantages in terms of pharmacokinetics,tumor accumulation and safety due to the good size stability,thus ensuring equivalent antitumor efficacy at tolerance dose.These findings highlighted the critical role of steric-hindrance effect of the modification module in regulating the structureactivity relationship of prodrug nanoassemblies and proposed new perspectives into the precise design of self-assembled prodrugs for high-performance cancer therapeutics.展开更多
This study proposes a novel visual maintenance method for photovoltaic(PV)modules based on a two-stage Wiener degradation model,addressing the limitations of traditional PV maintenance strategies that often result in ...This study proposes a novel visual maintenance method for photovoltaic(PV)modules based on a two-stage Wiener degradation model,addressing the limitations of traditional PV maintenance strategies that often result in insufficient or excessive maintenance.The approach begins by constructing a two-stage Wiener process performance degradation model and a remaining life prediction model under perfect maintenance conditions using historical degradation data of PV modules.This enables accurate determination of the optimal timing for postfailure corrective maintenance.To optimize the maintenance strategy,the study establishes a comprehensive cost model aimed at minimizing the long-term average cost rate.The model considers multiple cost factors,including inspection costs,preventive maintenance costs,restorative maintenance costs,and penalty costs associated with delayed fault detection.Through this optimization framework,the method determines both the optimal maintenance threshold and the ideal timing for predictive maintenance actions.Comparative analysis demonstrates that the twostage Wiener model provides superior fitting performance compared to conventional linear and nonlinear degradation models.When evaluated against traditional maintenance approaches,including Wiener process-based corrective maintenance strategies and static periodic maintenance strategies,the proposed method demonstrates significant advantages in reducing overall operational costs while extending the effective service life of PV components.The method achieves these improvements through effective coordination between reliability optimization and economic benefit maximization,leading to enhanced power generation performance.These results indicate that the proposed approach offers a more balanced and efficient solution for PV system maintenance.展开更多
Most carbon-based catalysts utilized in Fenton-like systems face challenges such as structural instability,susceptibility to deactivation,and a tendency to disperse during operation.Wood-derived catalysts have garnere...Most carbon-based catalysts utilized in Fenton-like systems face challenges such as structural instability,susceptibility to deactivation,and a tendency to disperse during operation.Wood-derived catalysts have garnered considerable attention due to their well-defined structures,extensive pipeline networks,superior mechanical strength,and adaptability for device customization.However,there remains a paucity of research that systematically summarizes Fenton-like systems based on wood-derived catalysts.In this review,we first summarize the structural designs of wood-derived catalysts based on nano-metal sites and single-atom sites,while also outlining their advantages and limitations applied in Fenton-like systems.Furthermore,we evaluate catalytic modules of wood-derived catalysts for scale-up and continuous Fenton-like systems.Additionally,wood-inspired catalytic materials utilizing commercial textures and their applications in Fenton-like processes are also discussed.This paper aims to comprehensively explore the fundamental mechanisms(e.g.,characteristics of catalytic sites,catalytic performance,and mechanisms)of wood-based catalysts in Fenton-like chemistry,as well as their equipment designs and application scenarios,as well as providing the insights into future developments.展开更多
Currently,perovskite solar cells have achieved commendable progresses in power conversion efficiency(PCE)and operational stability.However,some conventional laboratory-scale fabrication methods become challenging when...Currently,perovskite solar cells have achieved commendable progresses in power conversion efficiency(PCE)and operational stability.However,some conventional laboratory-scale fabrication methods become challenging when scaling up material syntheses or device production.Particularly,the prolonged high-temperature annealing process for the crystallization of perovskites requires a substantial amount of energy consumption and impact the modules’throughput.Here,we report a modified near-infrared annealing(NIRA)process,which involves the excess PbI_(2)engineered crystallization,efficiently reduces the preparation time for perovskite active layer to within 20 s compared to dozens of min in conventional hot plate annealing(HPA)process.The study showed that the incorporated PbI_(2)promoted the consistent nucleation of the perovskite film,leading to the subsequent rapid and homogeneous crystallization at the NIRA stage.Thus,highly crystalized perovskite film was realized with even better crystallization performance than conventional HPA-based film.Ultimately,efficient perovskite solar modules of 36 and 100 cm^(2)were readily fabricated with the optimal PCEs of 22.03%and 20.18%,respectively.This study demonstrates,for the first time,the successful achievement of homogeneous and high-quality crystallization in large-area perovskite films through rapid NIRA processing.This approach not only significantly reduces energy consumption during production,but also substantially shortens the manufacturing cycle,paving a new path toward the commercial-scale application of perovskite solar modules.展开更多
Modules enable students to engage with content at their own pace,fostering autonomy and deeper understanding.The modular approach ensures clarity in presenting objectives,instructions,and concepts,while having illustr...Modules enable students to engage with content at their own pace,fostering autonomy and deeper understanding.The modular approach ensures clarity in presenting objectives,instructions,and concepts,while having illustrations,activities,and assessments could enhance comprehension and retention.This paper was a developmental study on STS module for college students using the ADDIE Model(Analysis,Design,Development,Implementation,and Evaluation).Sampled 673 first-year students from Northwest Samar State University participated in the study,with 299 participating in a test try-out and 374 in the students’performance evaluation.Three expert evaluators with backgrounds in science,English,and psychology,each with over four years of experience,assessed the modules to ensure alignment with the study’s constructivist learning goals and instructional integrity.The findings revealed that both students and experts had rated the instructional module positively,indicating its effectiveness in facilitating learning and completing lessons.Key aspects such as the style of illustrations and written expressions,the usefulness of learning activities,and the guidance provided by illustrations and captions were especially well-received.The module was praised for its clear objectives,understandable instructions,and engaging tasks like trivia and puzzles.Expert evaluations highlighted relevance,simplicity,and balanced emphasis on topics in the module content.Furthermore,students in test group demonstrated significant improvement in performance,with post-test scores notably higher than pre-test scores,confirming the module’s effectiveness in enhancing learning outcomes.Consequently,this paper provides an opportunity to integrate science learning with initiatives aimed at promoting environmental preservation and driving social change.展开更多
Transcription factors(TFs)play key roles in the regulatory network of leaf senescence.However,many nodes in this network remain unclear.To elucidate the mechanism of leaf senescence mediated by a rice TF,WRKY10,the ex...Transcription factors(TFs)play key roles in the regulatory network of leaf senescence.However,many nodes in this network remain unclear.To elucidate the mechanism of leaf senescence mediated by a rice TF,WRKY10,the expression of multiple senescence-related genes and physiological phenotypes were monitored in WRKY10-and VQ MOTIF-CONTAINING PROTEIN8(VQ8)-overexpressing plants and the wrky10 and vq8 mutants.Our results showed that WRKY10 positively regulates abscisic acid(ABA)-and dark-induced senescence(DIS)by directly regulating the expression of multiple senescence-related genes.The VQ8 protein,a repressor of WRKY10,negatively regulates WRKY10-mediated DIS.The WRKY10-VQ8 module fine-tunes the progression of DIS.ABA,methyl jasmonate,and H_(2)O_(2) accelerate WRKY10-mediated DIS,whereas ammonium nitrate and dithiothreitol delay WRKY10-mediated DIS.Further analysis revealed that WRKY10 and VQ8 interact with ABA RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR1(ABF1)or ABF2.VQ8 represses the transcriptional activity of ABF1 and ABF2.Overexpression of ABF1 or ABF2 accelerates ABA-and dark-induced senescence and H_(2)O_(2) accumulation in N.benthamiana leaves,and WRKY10 and VQ8 can inhibit either ABF1-or ABF2-induced cell necrosis.Taken together,WRKY10 integrates multiple senescence signals to establish an orderly progression of leaf senescence.The VQ8 protein acts as a brake on WRKY10-induced senescence and ABF1/2-induced cell death,preventing uncontrolled cell death.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51767017)the Basic Research Innovation Group Project of Gansu Province(18JR3RA133)the Industrial Support and Guidance Project of Universities in Gansu Province(2022CYZC-22).
文摘Photovoltaic (PV) modules, as essential components of solar power generation systems, significantly influence unitpower generation costs.The service life of these modules directly affects these costs. Over time, the performanceof PV modules gradually declines due to internal degradation and external environmental factors.This cumulativedegradation impacts the overall reliability of photovoltaic power generation. This study addresses the complexdegradation process of PV modules by developing a two-stage Wiener process model. This approach accountsfor the distinct phases of degradation resulting from module aging and environmental influences. A powerdegradation model based on the two-stage Wiener process is constructed to describe individual differences inmodule degradation processes. To estimate the model parameters, a combination of the Expectation-Maximization(EM) algorithm and the Bayesian method is employed. Furthermore, the Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC) isutilized to identify critical change points in PV module degradation trajectories. To validate the universality andeffectiveness of the proposed method, a comparative analysis is conducted against other established life predictiontechniques for PV modules.
基金financially supported by the Key Fund of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation,China Project of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(24JCZDJC00510)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(22475147)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘The fabrication of efficient and stable flexible perovskite solar modules(F-PSMs)using poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine](PTAA)remains a significant challenge due to its hydrophobic properties and the mismatch in interface energy-level alignment.Here,we introduced[2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carba zol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid(MeO-2PACz)to modify the PTAA layer,which effectively suppressed surface potential fluctuations and aligned energy levels at the interface of PTAA/perovskite.Additionally,MeO-2PACz enhanced the hydrophilicity of PTAA,facilitating the fabrication of dense,uniform,and pinhole-free perovskite films on large-area flexible substrates.As a result,we achieved an F-PSM with a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 16.6% and an aperture area of 64 cm^(2),which is the highest reported value among F-PSMs with an active area exceeding 35 cm^(2)based on PTAA.Moreover,the encapsulated module demonstrated outstanding long-term operational stability,retaining 90.2% of its initial efficiency after 1000 bending cycles(5 mm radius),87.2% after 1000 h of continuous illumination,and 80.3% under combined thermal and humid conditions(85℃ and 85% relative humidity),representing one of the most stable F-PSMs reported to date.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,(Nos.82272151,82204318)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC2203083)+2 种基金Shenyang Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Talent Support Program(No.RC220389)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZC20231732)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023TQ0222,2023MD744229).
文摘Self-assembled prodrug nanomedicine has emerged as an advanced platform for antitumor therapy,mainly comprise drug modules,response modules and modification modules.However,existing studies usually compare the differences between single types of modification modules,neglecting the impact of steric-hindrance effect caused by chemical structure.Herein,single-tailed modification module with low-steric-hindrance effect and two-tailed modification module with high-steric-hindrance effect were selected to construct paclitaxel prodrugs(P-LA_(C18)and P-BAC18),and the in-depth insights of the sterichindrance effect on prodrug nanoassemblies were explored.Notably,the size stability of the two-tailed prodrugs was enhanced due to improved intermolecular interactions and steric hindrance.Single-tailed prodrug nanoassemblies were more susceptible to attack by redox agents,showing faster drug release and stronger antitumor efficacy,but with poorer safety.In contrast,two-tailed prodrug nanoassemblies exhibited significant advantages in terms of pharmacokinetics,tumor accumulation and safety due to the good size stability,thus ensuring equivalent antitumor efficacy at tolerance dose.These findings highlighted the critical role of steric-hindrance effect of the modification module in regulating the structureactivity relationship of prodrug nanoassemblies and proposed new perspectives into the precise design of self-assembled prodrugs for high-performance cancer therapeutics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51767017)the Basic Research Innovation Group Project of Gansu Province(18JR3RA133)the Industrial Support and Guidance Project of Universities in Gansu Province(2022CYZC-22).
文摘This study proposes a novel visual maintenance method for photovoltaic(PV)modules based on a two-stage Wiener degradation model,addressing the limitations of traditional PV maintenance strategies that often result in insufficient or excessive maintenance.The approach begins by constructing a two-stage Wiener process performance degradation model and a remaining life prediction model under perfect maintenance conditions using historical degradation data of PV modules.This enables accurate determination of the optimal timing for postfailure corrective maintenance.To optimize the maintenance strategy,the study establishes a comprehensive cost model aimed at minimizing the long-term average cost rate.The model considers multiple cost factors,including inspection costs,preventive maintenance costs,restorative maintenance costs,and penalty costs associated with delayed fault detection.Through this optimization framework,the method determines both the optimal maintenance threshold and the ideal timing for predictive maintenance actions.Comparative analysis demonstrates that the twostage Wiener model provides superior fitting performance compared to conventional linear and nonlinear degradation models.When evaluated against traditional maintenance approaches,including Wiener process-based corrective maintenance strategies and static periodic maintenance strategies,the proposed method demonstrates significant advantages in reducing overall operational costs while extending the effective service life of PV components.The method achieves these improvements through effective coordination between reliability optimization and economic benefit maximization,leading to enhanced power generation performance.These results indicate that the proposed approach offers a more balanced and efficient solution for PV system maintenance.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52170086,22308194,U22A20423)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021ME013)+4 种基金Shandong Provincial Excellent Youth(No.ZR2022YQ47)the doctor research start Foundation of Shaanxi University of Technology(No.SLGRCQD004)Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2025RS-CXTD-040)the General Special Scientific Research Program of the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(No.24JK0366)supported by funding from Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Monocrystalline Silicon Semiconductor Materials and Technology。
文摘Most carbon-based catalysts utilized in Fenton-like systems face challenges such as structural instability,susceptibility to deactivation,and a tendency to disperse during operation.Wood-derived catalysts have garnered considerable attention due to their well-defined structures,extensive pipeline networks,superior mechanical strength,and adaptability for device customization.However,there remains a paucity of research that systematically summarizes Fenton-like systems based on wood-derived catalysts.In this review,we first summarize the structural designs of wood-derived catalysts based on nano-metal sites and single-atom sites,while also outlining their advantages and limitations applied in Fenton-like systems.Furthermore,we evaluate catalytic modules of wood-derived catalysts for scale-up and continuous Fenton-like systems.Additionally,wood-inspired catalytic materials utilizing commercial textures and their applications in Fenton-like processes are also discussed.This paper aims to comprehensively explore the fundamental mechanisms(e.g.,characteristics of catalytic sites,catalytic performance,and mechanisms)of wood-based catalysts in Fenton-like chemistry,as well as their equipment designs and application scenarios,as well as providing the insights into future developments.
基金supported by China Huaneng Group Key R&D Program(HNKJ22-H104)the Science and Technology Programs of Fujian Province(2022H0005)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20720240067)Technology Projects of Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province(RD2020020101 and RD2022040601).
文摘Currently,perovskite solar cells have achieved commendable progresses in power conversion efficiency(PCE)and operational stability.However,some conventional laboratory-scale fabrication methods become challenging when scaling up material syntheses or device production.Particularly,the prolonged high-temperature annealing process for the crystallization of perovskites requires a substantial amount of energy consumption and impact the modules’throughput.Here,we report a modified near-infrared annealing(NIRA)process,which involves the excess PbI_(2)engineered crystallization,efficiently reduces the preparation time for perovskite active layer to within 20 s compared to dozens of min in conventional hot plate annealing(HPA)process.The study showed that the incorporated PbI_(2)promoted the consistent nucleation of the perovskite film,leading to the subsequent rapid and homogeneous crystallization at the NIRA stage.Thus,highly crystalized perovskite film was realized with even better crystallization performance than conventional HPA-based film.Ultimately,efficient perovskite solar modules of 36 and 100 cm^(2)were readily fabricated with the optimal PCEs of 22.03%and 20.18%,respectively.This study demonstrates,for the first time,the successful achievement of homogeneous and high-quality crystallization in large-area perovskite films through rapid NIRA processing.This approach not only significantly reduces energy consumption during production,but also substantially shortens the manufacturing cycle,paving a new path toward the commercial-scale application of perovskite solar modules.
文摘Modules enable students to engage with content at their own pace,fostering autonomy and deeper understanding.The modular approach ensures clarity in presenting objectives,instructions,and concepts,while having illustrations,activities,and assessments could enhance comprehension and retention.This paper was a developmental study on STS module for college students using the ADDIE Model(Analysis,Design,Development,Implementation,and Evaluation).Sampled 673 first-year students from Northwest Samar State University participated in the study,with 299 participating in a test try-out and 374 in the students’performance evaluation.Three expert evaluators with backgrounds in science,English,and psychology,each with over four years of experience,assessed the modules to ensure alignment with the study’s constructivist learning goals and instructional integrity.The findings revealed that both students and experts had rated the instructional module positively,indicating its effectiveness in facilitating learning and completing lessons.Key aspects such as the style of illustrations and written expressions,the usefulness of learning activities,and the guidance provided by illustrations and captions were especially well-received.The module was praised for its clear objectives,understandable instructions,and engaging tasks like trivia and puzzles.Expert evaluations highlighted relevance,simplicity,and balanced emphasis on topics in the module content.Furthermore,students in test group demonstrated significant improvement in performance,with post-test scores notably higher than pre-test scores,confirming the module’s effectiveness in enhancing learning outcomes.Consequently,this paper provides an opportunity to integrate science learning with initiatives aimed at promoting environmental preservation and driving social change.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371557 and 31571574)Wenzhou Basic Scientific Research Project (N20240009)。
文摘Transcription factors(TFs)play key roles in the regulatory network of leaf senescence.However,many nodes in this network remain unclear.To elucidate the mechanism of leaf senescence mediated by a rice TF,WRKY10,the expression of multiple senescence-related genes and physiological phenotypes were monitored in WRKY10-and VQ MOTIF-CONTAINING PROTEIN8(VQ8)-overexpressing plants and the wrky10 and vq8 mutants.Our results showed that WRKY10 positively regulates abscisic acid(ABA)-and dark-induced senescence(DIS)by directly regulating the expression of multiple senescence-related genes.The VQ8 protein,a repressor of WRKY10,negatively regulates WRKY10-mediated DIS.The WRKY10-VQ8 module fine-tunes the progression of DIS.ABA,methyl jasmonate,and H_(2)O_(2) accelerate WRKY10-mediated DIS,whereas ammonium nitrate and dithiothreitol delay WRKY10-mediated DIS.Further analysis revealed that WRKY10 and VQ8 interact with ABA RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR1(ABF1)or ABF2.VQ8 represses the transcriptional activity of ABF1 and ABF2.Overexpression of ABF1 or ABF2 accelerates ABA-and dark-induced senescence and H_(2)O_(2) accumulation in N.benthamiana leaves,and WRKY10 and VQ8 can inhibit either ABF1-or ABF2-induced cell necrosis.Taken together,WRKY10 integrates multiple senescence signals to establish an orderly progression of leaf senescence.The VQ8 protein acts as a brake on WRKY10-induced senescence and ABF1/2-induced cell death,preventing uncontrolled cell death.
