BACKGROUND Although en bloc dissection of hepatic hilum lymph nodes has many advantages in radical tumor treatment,the feasibility and safety of this approach for laparo-scopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD)require furt...BACKGROUND Although en bloc dissection of hepatic hilum lymph nodes has many advantages in radical tumor treatment,the feasibility and safety of this approach for laparo-scopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD)require further clinical evaluation and investigation.AIM To explore the application value of the"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique for accessing hepatic hilum lymph nodes in LPD patients.METHODS A total of 52 patients who underwent LPD via the"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique for hepatic hilum lymph nodes from April 2021 to July 2023 in our department were analyzed retrospectively.The patients'body mass index(BMI),preoperative laboratory indices,intraoperative variables and postoperative complications were recorded.The relationships between preoperative data and intraoperative lymph node dissection time and blood loss were also analyzed.RESULTS Among the 52 patients,36 were males and 16 were females,and the average age was 62.2±11.0 years.There were 26 patients with pancreatic head cancer,16 patients with periampullary cancer,and 10 patients with distal bile duct cancer.The BMI was 22.3±3.3 kg/m²,and the median total bilirubin(TBIL)concentration was 57.7(16.0-155.7)µmol/L.All patients successfully underwent the"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique without lymph node clearance-related complications such as postoperative bleeding or lymphatic leakage.Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between preoperative BMI(r=0.3581,P=0.0091),TBIL level(r=0.2988,P=0.0341),prothrombin time(r=0.3018,P=0.0297)and lymph node dissection time.Moreover,dissection time was significantly correlated with intraoperative blood loss(r=0.7744,P<0.0001).Further stratified analysis demonstrated that patients with a preoperative BMI≥21.9 kg/m²and a TIBL concentration≥57.7μmol/L had significantly longer lymph node dissection times(both P<0.05).CONCLUSION The"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique for accessing the hepatic hilum lymph node is safe and feasible for LPD.This technique is expected to improve the efficiency of hepatic hilum lymph node dissection and shorten the learning curve;thus,it is worthy of further clinical promotion and application.展开更多
Popularization of lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs) is still hindered by shuttle effect and volume expansion.Herein, a new modularized sulfur storage strategy is proposed to solve above problems and accomplished via empl...Popularization of lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs) is still hindered by shuttle effect and volume expansion.Herein, a new modularized sulfur storage strategy is proposed to solve above problems and accomplished via employing 100% space utilization host material of cobalt loaded carbon nanoparticles derived from ZIF-67. The modular dispersed storage of sulfur not only greatly increases the proportion of active sulfur,but also inhibits the occurrence of volume expansion. Meanwhile, 100% space utilization host material can greatly improve the conductivity of the cathode, provide a larger electrolyte wetting interface and effectively suppress the shuttle effect. Moreover, loaded cobalt particles have high catalytic activity for electrochemical reaction and can effectively improve the redox kinetics. The cell with new cathode host material carbonized at 650 ℃(ZIF-67(650 ℃)) exhibits superior rate performance and can maintain a high specific capacity of 950 m Ah/g after 100 cycles at 0.2 C, showing a good cycle stability.展开更多
The surrounding geological conditions and supporting structures of underground engineering are often updated during construction,and these updates require repeated numerical modeling.To improve the numerical modeling ...The surrounding geological conditions and supporting structures of underground engineering are often updated during construction,and these updates require repeated numerical modeling.To improve the numerical modeling efficiency of underground engineering,a modularized and parametric modeling cloud server is developed by using Python codes.The basic framework of the cloud server is as follows:input the modeling parameters into the web platform,implement Rhino software and FLAC3D software to model and run simulations in the cloud server,and return the simulation results to the web platform.The modeling program can automatically generate instructions that can run the modeling process in Rhino based on the input modeling parameters.The main modules of the modeling program include modeling the 3D geological structures,the underground engineering structures,and the supporting structures as well as meshing the geometric models.In particular,various cross-sections of underground caverns are crafted as parametricmodules in themodeling program.Themodularized and parametric modeling program is used for a finite element simulation of the underground powerhouse of the Shuangjiangkou Hydropower Station.This complicatedmodel is rapidly generated for the simulation,and the simulation results are reasonable.Thus,this modularized and parametric modeling program is applicable for three-dimensional finite element simulations and analyses.展开更多
The intricate interplay between rock mechanics and fracture-induced fluid flow during resource extrac-tion exerts profound effects on groundwater systems,posing a pivotal challenge for promoting green and safe develop...The intricate interplay between rock mechanics and fracture-induced fluid flow during resource extrac-tion exerts profound effects on groundwater systems,posing a pivotal challenge for promoting green and safe development in underground engineering.To address this,a novel numerical model with an explicit coupling simulation strategy is presented.This model integrates distinct modules for individual physical mechanisms,ensuring second-order accuracy through shared time integration,thereby overcoming lim-itations in simulating mining-induced strata damage,water flow,and permeability dynamics.A novel mathematical model is incorporated into the mechanical simulation to characterize the abrupt increase in permeability resulting from rock fracture propagation.This increase is quantified by evaluating the plastic damage state of rocks and incorporating a damage coefficient that is intrinsically linked to rock strength.The mechanical model tracks permeability changes due to mining.The flow model simulates aquifer-mine water interactions by calculating hydraulic conductivity and using dynamic zoning,adapt-ing to mining progress.When applied to a case study of a complex mine,this approach significantly improved the accuracy of water inflow rate predictions by 57%.展开更多
This article, by using mathematical expressions, offers a scientific framework for understanding how the grading system of Qing′s structural carpentry determines the design and construction in the grand style timber...This article, by using mathematical expressions, offers a scientific framework for understanding how the grading system of Qing′s structural carpentry determines the design and construction in the grand style timber architecture.The Qing′s grand style timber structure, which is ready for prefabrication and assembly, is extremely hierarchical oriented and significantly standardized. The general procedure in designing a grand style timber structure is to start with the grade that defines the basic module (dou kou); next comes with the number of bracket set (cuan), the number of longitudinal bays and the number of purlins which affect its plan and cross section; thirdly choose a roof type that determines its longitudinal section and the facade as well. A series of formulae are conducted to help depict the layout, cross sectional roof curvature and special longitudinal treatments in 4 sloped and 9 spined roofs respectively.展开更多
Modularized circuit designs for chaotic systems are introduced in this paper.Especially,a typical improved modularized design strategy is proposed and applied to a new hyper-chaotic system circuit implementation.In th...Modularized circuit designs for chaotic systems are introduced in this paper.Especially,a typical improved modularized design strategy is proposed and applied to a new hyper-chaotic system circuit implementation.In this paper,the detailed design procedures are described.Multisim simulations and physical experiments are conducted,and the simulation results are compared with Matlab simulation results for different system parameter pairs.These results are consistent with each other and they verify the existence of the hyper-chaotic attractor for this new hyper-chaotic system.展开更多
Modularized construction is a new type of prefabricated building system with green environmental protection and excellent performance. There are few studies on the seismic performance of its key connection joint. This...Modularized construction is a new type of prefabricated building system with green environmental protection and excellent performance. There are few studies on the seismic performance of its key connection joint. This paper presents a new type of assembled connection joint for the high-rise modularized construction. Cyclic shear tests of full-scale joints were carried out, and the key indexes of their seismic performances including the hysteretic performance, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity were analyzed and obtained. The results show that the hysteresis loops of longitudinal and lateral cyclic shear tests were both plump in shapes. The ductility coefficients were 4.54 and 4.98, and the energy dissipation coefficients were 1.83 and 1.43, respectively. The test joint had good ductility and energy dissipation capacity. The positions of yield failure of specimens were mainly concentrated in the connection areas between the column and short beam or end-plate. The research can provide the technical reference for the seismic design and engineering application of related modularized constructions.展开更多
A 40-60 t/h modularized dry coal beneficiation process with a novel method to control the bed was designed around a gas-solid fluidized bed separator. Furthermore, the hydrodynamics of medium-solids consisting of wide...A 40-60 t/h modularized dry coal beneficiation process with a novel method to control the bed was designed around a gas-solid fluidized bed separator. Furthermore, the hydrodynamics of medium-solids consisting of wide-size-range magnetite powder （0.3-0.06 ram） and 〈1 mm fine coal were numerically studied. The simulation results show that the fluidization performance of the wide-size-range medium-solid bed is good. The separation performance of the modularized system was then investigated in detail using a mixture of 〈0.3 mm magnetite powder （mass fraction of 0.3-0.06 mm particles is 91.38 %） and 〈1 mm fine coal as solid media. The experimental results show that at separation densities of 1.33 g/cm^3 or 1.61 g/cm^3, 50-6 mm coal can be separated effectively with probable error, E, values of 0.05 g/cm^3 and 0.06 g/cm^3, respectively. This technique is beneficial for saving water resources and for the clean utilization of coal.展开更多
Consistency identification in task-oriented dialogue(CI-ToD)can prevent inconsistent dialogue response generation,which has recently emerged as an important and growing research area.This paper takes the first step to...Consistency identification in task-oriented dialogue(CI-ToD)can prevent inconsistent dialogue response generation,which has recently emerged as an important and growing research area.This paper takes the first step to explore a pre-training paradigm for CI-ToD.Nevertheless,pre-training for CI-ToD is non-trivial because it requires a large amount of multi-turn KB-grounded dialogues,which are extremely hard to collect.To alleviate the data scarcity problem for pre-training,we introduce a modularized pre-training framework(MPFToD),which is capable of utilizing large amounts of KB-free dialogues.Specifically,such modularization allows us to decouple CI-ToD into three sub-modules and propose three pre-training tasks including(i)query response matching pre-training;(ii)dialogue history consistent identification pre-training;and(iii)KB mask language modeling to enhance different abilities of CI-ToD model.As different sub-tasks are solved separately,MPFToD can learn from large amounts of KB-free dialogues for different modules,which are much easier to obtain.Results on the CI-ToD benchmark show that MPFToD pushes the state-of-the-art performance from 56.3%to 61.0%.Furthermore,we show its transferability with promising performance on other downstream tasks(i.e.,dialog act recognition,sentiment classification and table fact checking).展开更多
A modularized and air adjustable constructed submerged plant bed(CSPB)which can be used to restore the eutrophic water is introduced in this paper.This plant bed helps hydrophyte grow under poor conditions such as fre...A modularized and air adjustable constructed submerged plant bed(CSPB)which can be used to restore the eutrophic water is introduced in this paper.This plant bed helps hydrophyte grow under poor conditions such as frequently changed water depth,impaired water transparency,algae bloom and substantial duckweed in summer,which are not naturally suitable for growing hydrophyte.This pilot study in Waihuan River of Tianjin,China,revealed that reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD),Total Nitrogen(TN)and Total Phosphorus(TP)by the use of CSPB could be reached 30%-35%,35%-40%,30%-40%respectively in the growing season(from March to October)and 5%-10%,5%-15%,7%-20%respectively in the winter(from November to February)when the detention time was 6 d.The relationships between the concentration of COD,TN,TP and the detention time fit the first-order kinetic equation well and the coefficients of determination(R^(2))were all above 0.9.The attenuation coefficients k of the kinetic equation were a function of the water temperature.When the water temperature was quite low or quite high,k was not significantly changed with increasing or decreasing water temperature.While when the temperature was in a moderate range,an increase or decrease of water temperature would lead to a rapid increase or decrease in k.展开更多
Small modular reactor(SMR)belongs to the research forefront of nuclear reactor technology.Nowadays,advancement of intelligent control technologies paves a new way to the design and build of unmanned SMR.The autonomous...Small modular reactor(SMR)belongs to the research forefront of nuclear reactor technology.Nowadays,advancement of intelligent control technologies paves a new way to the design and build of unmanned SMR.The autonomous control process of SMR can be divided into three stages,say,state diagnosis,autonomous decision-making and coordinated control.In this paper,the autonomous state recognition and task planning of unmanned SMR are investigated.An operating condition recognition method based on the knowledge base of SMR operation is proposed by using the artificial neural network(ANN)technology,which constructs a basis for the state judgment of intelligent reactor control path planning.An improved reinforcement learning path planning algorithm is utilized to implement the path transfer decision-makingThis algorithm performs condition transitions with minimal cost under specified modes.In summary,the full range control path intelligent decision-planning technology of SMR is realized,thus provides some theoretical basis for the design and build of unmanned SMR in the future.展开更多
Lignans have been established as a privileged scaffold in drug discovery,particularly in anticancer and antioxidant properties.Concise and efficient construction of lignans and their derivatives in a single operation ...Lignans have been established as a privileged scaffold in drug discovery,particularly in anticancer and antioxidant properties.Concise and efficient construction of lignans and their derivatives in a single operation holds great medicinal significance for structure-activity relationship studies yet remains challenging.Drawing inspiration from the biosynthesis of lignans,we present a general,high-step-economy palladium-catalyzed reaction that converts simple chemical feedstocks into dehydrodibenzylbutyrolactone lignans through the in-situ construction and coupling of two phenylpropanoid molecules.The diversity of organoboronic acids and the editability of enyne provide a powerful platform for the rapid construction of lignan libraries,featuring 82 lignans analogs,collective syntheses of 10 distinct lignan skeletons,and 13 hybrid molecules combining pharmacophore fragments with drug and derivatives.The subtle combination of phosphine ligands with quinones for switching chemoselectivity is vital to the success of this protocol.展开更多
A brief concept study of a modular research aircraft with potential applications to Mars exploration is conducted.Considered are dimensional and mass constraints of a launch vehicle payload compartment,mission radius ...A brief concept study of a modular research aircraft with potential applications to Mars exploration is conducted.Considered are dimensional and mass constraints of a launch vehicle payload compartment,mission radius extension applying ground mobility and overall flight envelope extension using fixed-wing aerodynamics.Also,some lessons learned from NASA Mars Ingenuity flights are considered and addressed with few solutions.The modular system includes a fixed-wing design along with a number of smaller autonomous quadcopter UAVs,encapsulated inside a geodesic spherical support through a gimbal mechanism for ground mobility.Analyzed is the feasibility of allocating to these mini drones both scout and mapping tasks of complex terrain such as crater walls,canyons and cave systems that might hold key insights into the planet's geologic history.Once docked with the mothership fixed wing,the mini drones serve as a distributed propulsion system,for vertical take-off and landing and control,completely replacing control surfaces on the flying wing itself,its engine and landing gear.CFD and structural simulations have demonstrated the flight-ability in Mars conditions of a flying wing design along with scout drone prototypes with a pentagon-hexagon geodesic shell.Also demonstrated is the great flexibility of the suggested modular approach for various research applications and mission profiles on Mars and other planets or moons,improving overall reliability and mission radius.展开更多
This paper comprehensively explores the impulsive on-orbit inspection game problem utilizing reinforcement learning and game training methods.The purpose of the spacecraft is to inspect the entire surface of a non-coo...This paper comprehensively explores the impulsive on-orbit inspection game problem utilizing reinforcement learning and game training methods.The purpose of the spacecraft is to inspect the entire surface of a non-cooperative target with active maneuverability in front lighting.First,the impulsive orbital game problem is formulated as a turn-based sequential game problem.Second,several typical relative orbit transfers are encapsulated into modules to construct a parameterized action space containing discrete modules and continuous parameters,and multi-pass deep Q-networks(MPDQN)algorithm is used to implement autonomous decision-making.Then,a curriculum learning method is used to gradually increase the difficulty of the training scenario.The backtracking proportional self-play training framework is used to enhance the agent’s ability to defeat inconsistent strategies by building a pool of opponents.The behavior variations of the agents during training indicate that the intelligent game system gradually evolves towards an equilibrium situation.The restraint relations between the agents show that the agents steadily improve the strategy.The influence of various factors on game results is tested.展开更多
In clinical practice,the irregular shapes of traumas pose a significant challenge in rapidly manufacturing personalized scaffolds.To address these challenges,inspired by LEGO■ bricks,this study proposed a novel conce...In clinical practice,the irregular shapes of traumas pose a significant challenge in rapidly manufacturing personalized scaffolds.To address these challenges,inspired by LEGO■ bricks,this study proposed a novel concept of modular scaffolds and developed an innovative system based on machine vision for their rapid and intelligent assembly tailored to defect shapes.Trapezoidal interfaces effectively connect standardized bone units based on magnesium-doped silicate calcium,ensuring high stability of the modular scaffolds,with compressive strength up to 135 MPa and bending strength up to 17 MPa.Through self-developed defect recognition and reconstruction algorithms,defect recognition and personalized assembly schemes for bone scaffolds can be achieved autonomously.Modular scaffolds seamlessly integrate with surrounding bone tissue,promoting new bone growth,with no apparent differences compared to fully 3D printed integral scaffolds in the skull and femur repair experiments.In summary,the adoption of modular scaffolds not only integrates personalization and standardization but also satisfies the optimal treatment window.展开更多
GEMIN5 is a predominantly cytoplasmic multifunctional protein, known to be involved in recognizing snRNAs through its WD40 repeats domain placed at the N-terminus. A dimerization domain in the middle region acts as a ...GEMIN5 is a predominantly cytoplasmic multifunctional protein, known to be involved in recognizing snRNAs through its WD40 repeats domain placed at the N-terminus. A dimerization domain in the middle region acts as a hub for protein–protein interaction, while a non-canonical RNA-binding site is placed towards the C-terminus. The singular organization of structural domains present in GEMIN5 enables this protein to perform multiple functions through its ability to interact with distinct partners, both RNAs and proteins. This protein exerts a different role in translation regulation depending on its physiological state, such that while GEMIN5 down-regulates global RNA translation, the C-terminal half of the protein promotes translation of its mRNA. Additionally, GEMIN5 is responsible for the preferential partitioning of mRNAs into polysomes. Besides selective translation, GEMIN5 forms part of distinct ribonucleoprotein complexes, reflecting the dynamic organization of macromolecular complexes in response to internal and external signals. In accordance with its contribution to fundamental cellular processes, recent reports described clinical loss of function mutants suggesting that GEMIN5 deficiency is detrimental to cell growth and survival. Remarkably, patients carrying GEMIN5 biallelic variants suffer from neurodevelopmental delay, hypotonia, and cerebellar ataxia. Molecular analyses of individual variants, which are defective in protein dimerization, display decreased levels of ribosome association, reinforcing the involvement of the protein in translation regulation. Importantly, the number of clinical variants and the phenotypic spectrum associated with GEMIN5 disorders is increasing as the knowledge of the protein functions and the pathways linked to its activity augments. Here we discuss relevant advances concerning the functional and structural features of GEMIN5 and its separate domains in RNA-binding, protein interactome, and translation regulation, and how these data can help to understand the involvement of protein malfunction in clinical variants found in patients developing neurodevelopmental disorders.展开更多
Urban underutilized spaces,often the secondary by-products of large infrastructure projects,are often overlooked,despite their potential to enhance city life.With meaningful design interventions,these neglected areas ...Urban underutilized spaces,often the secondary by-products of large infrastructure projects,are often overlooked,despite their potential to enhance city life.With meaningful design interventions,these neglected areas can be transformed into inclusive public environments that offer social,environmental,and cultural value.This research investigates how modular,temporary installations beneath Toronto’s Gardiner Expressway,in Canada,can enhance thermal comfort and foster community engagement during the shoulder seasons.Using a multi-step methodology,including literature review,thermal comfort guidelines,site-specific climate analysis,and precedent studies,the research identifies key design strategies tailored to the unique microclimatic and social conditions of under-bridge spaces.The study culminates in the proposal of a flexible system of movable panels that provide wind protection,solar control,and opportunities for gathering,interaction,and rest.By reimagining these unnoticed infrastructure zones as adaptable,climate-responsive public spaces,this research contributes to sustainable urban design and highlights the importance of design strategies that address the challenges of a warming and increasingly variable climate.展开更多
Given the rapid growth of sustainable construction strategies globally and the importance of resiliency in civil infrastructure,it is crucial to adopt best practices.Modular construction is one such practice and is co...Given the rapid growth of sustainable construction strategies globally and the importance of resiliency in civil infrastructure,it is crucial to adopt best practices.Modular construction is one such practice and is considered a better alternative to conventional construction in terms of resilience,construction times,resource efficiency,and sustainability.However,the continued expansion of modular construction relies on quantifying and evaluating its sustainability and the purported benefits.This paper develops and checks feasibility through an integrated multi-level decision support framework to empirically evaluate the sustainability performances of single-family residential modular homes.Criteria and indicator development and calculation,benchmark scale establishment,quantitative and qualitative data collection from literature and surveys,and multi-criteria decision analysis are unique aspects of this framework.The results of the two case studies located in the Okanagan region,Canada showed that modular homes perform at a higher level of sustainability than their conventional counterparts across multiple metrics and levels related to environmental and economic factors.The modular homes scored eco-efficiency values of 62.5 and 56.0,respectively and fell into higher performance range.The proposed frame-work offers flexibility in examining different dimensions of sustainability,providing valuable insights into the key parameters that need to be addressed to enhance overall sustainability.This research,which integrates life cycle thinking and decision-making,helps the construction industry and,municipalities,governments,and pol-icymakers in making informed decisions on the selection of suitable construction methods in city developments and move towards a more resilient and sustainable sector.展开更多
Based on the analysis and research of the airworthiness objective of integrated modular avionics system(IMA),and the characteristics of IMA system’s comprehensive and complex cross-linking with other airborne systems...Based on the analysis and research of the airworthiness objective of integrated modular avionics system(IMA),and the characteristics of IMA system’s comprehensive and complex cross-linking with other airborne systems,the extraction strategy of IMA system’s compliance flight test subjects and the selection method of IMA system’s compliance flight test parameters are proposed.The data analysis method based on the abnormal probability matrix of the IMA system is proposed for the first time,and the abnormal state information of the IMA system can be quickly identified.The compliance flight test of the IMA system is completed with limited flight test resources,which achieves the purpose of saving flight test sorties and improving flight test efficiency.This research has been successfully applied to the airworthiness certification flight test of a certain civil transport aircraft in China,and can provide technical support for the subsequent type flight test.展开更多
Submodule capacitor aging poses significant challenges to the safe operation of modular multilevel converter(MMC)systems.Traditional detection methods rely predominantly on offline tests,lacking real-time evaluation c...Submodule capacitor aging poses significant challenges to the safe operation of modular multilevel converter(MMC)systems.Traditional detection methods rely predominantly on offline tests,lacking real-time evaluation capabilities.Moreover,existing online approaches require additional sampling channels,thereby increasing system complexity and costs.To address these issues,this paper proposes an online evaluation method for submodule capacitor aging based on CapAgingNet.Initially,an MMC system simulation platform is developed to examine the effects of submodule capacitor aging on system operational characteristics and to create a dataset of submodule capacitor switching states.Subsequently,the CapAgingNet model is introduced,incorporating key technical modules to enhance performance:the Deep Stem module,which extracts larger receptive fields through multiple convolution layers and mitigates the impact of data sparsity in capacitor aging on feature extraction;the efficient channel attention(ECA)module,utilizing onedimensional convolution for dynamic weighting to adjust the importance of each channel,thereby enhancing the ability of the model to process high-dimensional features in capacitor aging data;and the multiscale feature fusion(MSF)module,which integrates capacitor aging information across different scales by combining fine-grained and coarse-grained features,thus improving the capacity of the model to capture high-frequency variation characteristics.The experimental results reveal that the CapAgingNet model achieves a TOP-1 accuracy of 95.32%and a macro-averaged F1 score of 95.49%on the test set,thereby providing effective technical support for online monitoring of submodule capacitor aging.展开更多
基金Supported by Health Research Program of Anhui,No.AHWJ2022b032。
文摘BACKGROUND Although en bloc dissection of hepatic hilum lymph nodes has many advantages in radical tumor treatment,the feasibility and safety of this approach for laparo-scopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD)require further clinical evaluation and investigation.AIM To explore the application value of the"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique for accessing hepatic hilum lymph nodes in LPD patients.METHODS A total of 52 patients who underwent LPD via the"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique for hepatic hilum lymph nodes from April 2021 to July 2023 in our department were analyzed retrospectively.The patients'body mass index(BMI),preoperative laboratory indices,intraoperative variables and postoperative complications were recorded.The relationships between preoperative data and intraoperative lymph node dissection time and blood loss were also analyzed.RESULTS Among the 52 patients,36 were males and 16 were females,and the average age was 62.2±11.0 years.There were 26 patients with pancreatic head cancer,16 patients with periampullary cancer,and 10 patients with distal bile duct cancer.The BMI was 22.3±3.3 kg/m²,and the median total bilirubin(TBIL)concentration was 57.7(16.0-155.7)µmol/L.All patients successfully underwent the"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique without lymph node clearance-related complications such as postoperative bleeding or lymphatic leakage.Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between preoperative BMI(r=0.3581,P=0.0091),TBIL level(r=0.2988,P=0.0341),prothrombin time(r=0.3018,P=0.0297)and lymph node dissection time.Moreover,dissection time was significantly correlated with intraoperative blood loss(r=0.7744,P<0.0001).Further stratified analysis demonstrated that patients with a preoperative BMI≥21.9 kg/m²and a TIBL concentration≥57.7μmol/L had significantly longer lymph node dissection times(both P<0.05).CONCLUSION The"five steps four quadrants"modularized en bloc dissection technique for accessing the hepatic hilum lymph node is safe and feasible for LPD.This technique is expected to improve the efficiency of hepatic hilum lymph node dissection and shorten the learning curve;thus,it is worthy of further clinical promotion and application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52173255)the Opening Project of the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials (No.JSKC20021)the Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Micro/nanomaterials and Equipment (Co-constructed by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education)。
文摘Popularization of lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs) is still hindered by shuttle effect and volume expansion.Herein, a new modularized sulfur storage strategy is proposed to solve above problems and accomplished via employing 100% space utilization host material of cobalt loaded carbon nanoparticles derived from ZIF-67. The modular dispersed storage of sulfur not only greatly increases the proportion of active sulfur,but also inhibits the occurrence of volume expansion. Meanwhile, 100% space utilization host material can greatly improve the conductivity of the cathode, provide a larger electrolyte wetting interface and effectively suppress the shuttle effect. Moreover, loaded cobalt particles have high catalytic activity for electrochemical reaction and can effectively improve the redox kinetics. The cell with new cathode host material carbonized at 650 ℃(ZIF-67(650 ℃)) exhibits superior rate performance and can maintain a high specific capacity of 950 m Ah/g after 100 cycles at 0.2 C, showing a good cycle stability.
基金The Construction S&T Project of the Department of Transportation of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2023A02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52109135).
文摘The surrounding geological conditions and supporting structures of underground engineering are often updated during construction,and these updates require repeated numerical modeling.To improve the numerical modeling efficiency of underground engineering,a modularized and parametric modeling cloud server is developed by using Python codes.The basic framework of the cloud server is as follows:input the modeling parameters into the web platform,implement Rhino software and FLAC3D software to model and run simulations in the cloud server,and return the simulation results to the web platform.The modeling program can automatically generate instructions that can run the modeling process in Rhino based on the input modeling parameters.The main modules of the modeling program include modeling the 3D geological structures,the underground engineering structures,and the supporting structures as well as meshing the geometric models.In particular,various cross-sections of underground caverns are crafted as parametricmodules in themodeling program.Themodularized and parametric modeling program is used for a finite element simulation of the underground powerhouse of the Shuangjiangkou Hydropower Station.This complicatedmodel is rapidly generated for the simulation,and the simulation results are reasonable.Thus,this modularized and parametric modeling program is applicable for three-dimensional finite element simulations and analyses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42027801, 42072284, and 42372297)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2023YFC3012102 and 2021YFC2902004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2023ZKPYSH01)
文摘The intricate interplay between rock mechanics and fracture-induced fluid flow during resource extrac-tion exerts profound effects on groundwater systems,posing a pivotal challenge for promoting green and safe development in underground engineering.To address this,a novel numerical model with an explicit coupling simulation strategy is presented.This model integrates distinct modules for individual physical mechanisms,ensuring second-order accuracy through shared time integration,thereby overcoming lim-itations in simulating mining-induced strata damage,water flow,and permeability dynamics.A novel mathematical model is incorporated into the mechanical simulation to characterize the abrupt increase in permeability resulting from rock fracture propagation.This increase is quantified by evaluating the plastic damage state of rocks and incorporating a damage coefficient that is intrinsically linked to rock strength.The mechanical model tracks permeability changes due to mining.The flow model simulates aquifer-mine water interactions by calculating hydraulic conductivity and using dynamic zoning,adapt-ing to mining progress.When applied to a case study of a complex mine,this approach significantly improved the accuracy of water inflow rate predictions by 57%.
文摘This article, by using mathematical expressions, offers a scientific framework for understanding how the grading system of Qing′s structural carpentry determines the design and construction in the grand style timber architecture.The Qing′s grand style timber structure, which is ready for prefabrication and assembly, is extremely hierarchical oriented and significantly standardized. The general procedure in designing a grand style timber structure is to start with the grade that defines the basic module (dou kou); next comes with the number of bracket set (cuan), the number of longitudinal bays and the number of purlins which affect its plan and cross section; thirdly choose a roof type that determines its longitudinal section and the facade as well. A series of formulae are conducted to help depict the layout, cross sectional roof curvature and special longitudinal treatments in 4 sloped and 9 spined roofs respectively.
基金supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61403395)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,China(Grant No.13JCYBJC39000)+3 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry of Chinathe Fund from the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Civil Aircraft Airworthiness and Maintenance in Civil Aviation of China(Grant No.104003020106)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB744904)the Fund for the Scholars of Civil Aviation University of China(Grant No.2012QD21x)
文摘Modularized circuit designs for chaotic systems are introduced in this paper.Especially,a typical improved modularized design strategy is proposed and applied to a new hyper-chaotic system circuit implementation.In this paper,the detailed design procedures are described.Multisim simulations and physical experiments are conducted,and the simulation results are compared with Matlab simulation results for different system parameter pairs.These results are consistent with each other and they verify the existence of the hyper-chaotic attractor for this new hyper-chaotic system.
基金Sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (Grant No. ZR2019MEE047)the National Key Research and Development Project of China (Grant No. 2020YFB1901403)CSCEC Technical and Development Plan (Grant No. CSCEC-2020-Z-35)。
文摘Modularized construction is a new type of prefabricated building system with green environmental protection and excellent performance. There are few studies on the seismic performance of its key connection joint. This paper presents a new type of assembled connection joint for the high-rise modularized construction. Cyclic shear tests of full-scale joints were carried out, and the key indexes of their seismic performances including the hysteretic performance, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity were analyzed and obtained. The results show that the hysteresis loops of longitudinal and lateral cyclic shear tests were both plump in shapes. The ductility coefficients were 4.54 and 4.98, and the energy dissipation coefficients were 1.83 and 1.43, respectively. The test joint had good ductility and energy dissipation capacity. The positions of yield failure of specimens were mainly concentrated in the connection areas between the column and short beam or end-plate. The research can provide the technical reference for the seismic design and engineering application of related modularized constructions.
基金Projects(50921002, 50774084) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2007AA05Z318) supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of China+1 种基金Project(BK2010002) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of ChinaProject(20100480473) supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘A 40-60 t/h modularized dry coal beneficiation process with a novel method to control the bed was designed around a gas-solid fluidized bed separator. Furthermore, the hydrodynamics of medium-solids consisting of wide-size-range magnetite powder （0.3-0.06 ram） and 〈1 mm fine coal were numerically studied. The simulation results show that the fluidization performance of the wide-size-range medium-solid bed is good. The separation performance of the modularized system was then investigated in detail using a mixture of 〈0.3 mm magnetite powder （mass fraction of 0.3-0.06 mm particles is 91.38 %） and 〈1 mm fine coal as solid media. The experimental results show that at separation densities of 1.33 g/cm^3 or 1.61 g/cm^3, 50-6 mm coal can be separated effectively with probable error, E, values of 0.05 g/cm^3 and 0.06 g/cm^3, respectively. This technique is beneficial for saving water resources and for the clean utilization of coal.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.62306342,62176076)the Excellent Young Scientists Fund in Hunan Province(2024JJ4070)+3 种基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(2023A1515012922)Shenzhen Foundational Research Funding(JCYJ20220818102415032)The Major Key Project of PCL(PCL2023A09)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Security Intelligence Technologies(2022B1212010005k).
文摘Consistency identification in task-oriented dialogue(CI-ToD)can prevent inconsistent dialogue response generation,which has recently emerged as an important and growing research area.This paper takes the first step to explore a pre-training paradigm for CI-ToD.Nevertheless,pre-training for CI-ToD is non-trivial because it requires a large amount of multi-turn KB-grounded dialogues,which are extremely hard to collect.To alleviate the data scarcity problem for pre-training,we introduce a modularized pre-training framework(MPFToD),which is capable of utilizing large amounts of KB-free dialogues.Specifically,such modularization allows us to decouple CI-ToD into three sub-modules and propose three pre-training tasks including(i)query response matching pre-training;(ii)dialogue history consistent identification pre-training;and(iii)KB mask language modeling to enhance different abilities of CI-ToD model.As different sub-tasks are solved separately,MPFToD can learn from large amounts of KB-free dialogues for different modules,which are much easier to obtain.Results on the CI-ToD benchmark show that MPFToD pushes the state-of-the-art performance from 56.3%to 61.0%.Furthermore,we show its transferability with promising performance on other downstream tasks(i.e.,dialog act recognition,sentiment classification and table fact checking).
基金This work was supported by NSF of Tianjin(Nos.043115111-3,09ZCGYSF00400,200801100)National Key-Projects of Water Pollution Control and Prevention(Nos.2009ZX07209-001 and 2008ZX07314-005-011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.5107906).
文摘A modularized and air adjustable constructed submerged plant bed(CSPB)which can be used to restore the eutrophic water is introduced in this paper.This plant bed helps hydrophyte grow under poor conditions such as frequently changed water depth,impaired water transparency,algae bloom and substantial duckweed in summer,which are not naturally suitable for growing hydrophyte.This pilot study in Waihuan River of Tianjin,China,revealed that reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD),Total Nitrogen(TN)and Total Phosphorus(TP)by the use of CSPB could be reached 30%-35%,35%-40%,30%-40%respectively in the growing season(from March to October)and 5%-10%,5%-15%,7%-20%respectively in the winter(from November to February)when the detention time was 6 d.The relationships between the concentration of COD,TN,TP and the detention time fit the first-order kinetic equation well and the coefficients of determination(R^(2))were all above 0.9.The attenuation coefficients k of the kinetic equation were a function of the water temperature.When the water temperature was quite low or quite high,k was not significantly changed with increasing or decreasing water temperature.While when the temperature was in a moderate range,an increase or decrease of water temperature would lead to a rapid increase or decrease in k.
文摘Small modular reactor(SMR)belongs to the research forefront of nuclear reactor technology.Nowadays,advancement of intelligent control technologies paves a new way to the design and build of unmanned SMR.The autonomous control process of SMR can be divided into three stages,say,state diagnosis,autonomous decision-making and coordinated control.In this paper,the autonomous state recognition and task planning of unmanned SMR are investigated.An operating condition recognition method based on the knowledge base of SMR operation is proposed by using the artificial neural network(ANN)technology,which constructs a basis for the state judgment of intelligent reactor control path planning.An improved reinforcement learning path planning algorithm is utilized to implement the path transfer decision-makingThis algorithm performs condition transitions with minimal cost under specified modes.In summary,the full range control path intelligent decision-planning technology of SMR is realized,thus provides some theoretical basis for the design and build of unmanned SMR in the future.
基金Financial support was provided by the State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering(No.2022PY01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22231002 and 21871095)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2020B010188001)。
文摘Lignans have been established as a privileged scaffold in drug discovery,particularly in anticancer and antioxidant properties.Concise and efficient construction of lignans and their derivatives in a single operation holds great medicinal significance for structure-activity relationship studies yet remains challenging.Drawing inspiration from the biosynthesis of lignans,we present a general,high-step-economy palladium-catalyzed reaction that converts simple chemical feedstocks into dehydrodibenzylbutyrolactone lignans through the in-situ construction and coupling of two phenylpropanoid molecules.The diversity of organoboronic acids and the editability of enyne provide a powerful platform for the rapid construction of lignan libraries,featuring 82 lignans analogs,collective syntheses of 10 distinct lignan skeletons,and 13 hybrid molecules combining pharmacophore fragments with drug and derivatives.The subtle combination of phosphine ligands with quinones for switching chemoselectivity is vital to the success of this protocol.
基金funded by the Russian Science Foundation(No.22–49-02047)。
文摘A brief concept study of a modular research aircraft with potential applications to Mars exploration is conducted.Considered are dimensional and mass constraints of a launch vehicle payload compartment,mission radius extension applying ground mobility and overall flight envelope extension using fixed-wing aerodynamics.Also,some lessons learned from NASA Mars Ingenuity flights are considered and addressed with few solutions.The modular system includes a fixed-wing design along with a number of smaller autonomous quadcopter UAVs,encapsulated inside a geodesic spherical support through a gimbal mechanism for ground mobility.Analyzed is the feasibility of allocating to these mini drones both scout and mapping tasks of complex terrain such as crater walls,canyons and cave systems that might hold key insights into the planet's geologic history.Once docked with the mothership fixed wing,the mini drones serve as a distributed propulsion system,for vertical take-off and landing and control,completely replacing control surfaces on the flying wing itself,its engine and landing gear.CFD and structural simulations have demonstrated the flight-ability in Mars conditions of a flying wing design along with scout drone prototypes with a pentagon-hexagon geodesic shell.Also demonstrated is the great flexibility of the suggested modular approach for various research applications and mission profiles on Mars and other planets or moons,improving overall reliability and mission radius.
文摘This paper comprehensively explores the impulsive on-orbit inspection game problem utilizing reinforcement learning and game training methods.The purpose of the spacecraft is to inspect the entire surface of a non-cooperative target with active maneuverability in front lighting.First,the impulsive orbital game problem is formulated as a turn-based sequential game problem.Second,several typical relative orbit transfers are encapsulated into modules to construct a parameterized action space containing discrete modules and continuous parameters,and multi-pass deep Q-networks(MPDQN)algorithm is used to implement autonomous decision-making.Then,a curriculum learning method is used to gradually increase the difficulty of the training scenario.The backtracking proportional self-play training framework is used to enhance the agent’s ability to defeat inconsistent strategies by building a pool of opponents.The behavior variations of the agents during training indicate that the intelligent game system gradually evolves towards an equilibrium situation.The restraint relations between the agents show that the agents steadily improve the strategy.The influence of various factors on game results is tested.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY22E050011)National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2121004,51805475)。
文摘In clinical practice,the irregular shapes of traumas pose a significant challenge in rapidly manufacturing personalized scaffolds.To address these challenges,inspired by LEGO■ bricks,this study proposed a novel concept of modular scaffolds and developed an innovative system based on machine vision for their rapid and intelligent assembly tailored to defect shapes.Trapezoidal interfaces effectively connect standardized bone units based on magnesium-doped silicate calcium,ensuring high stability of the modular scaffolds,with compressive strength up to 135 MPa and bending strength up to 17 MPa.Through self-developed defect recognition and reconstruction algorithms,defect recognition and personalized assembly schemes for bone scaffolds can be achieved autonomously.Modular scaffolds seamlessly integrate with surrounding bone tissue,promoting new bone growth,with no apparent differences compared to fully 3D printed integral scaffolds in the skull and femur repair experiments.In summary,the adoption of modular scaffolds not only integrates personalization and standardization but also satisfies the optimal treatment window.
基金partially supported by grants PID2020-115096RB-I00 and PID2023-148273NB-I00 from Ministerio de Ciencia y Universidad (MICIU/AEI)(to EMS)。
文摘GEMIN5 is a predominantly cytoplasmic multifunctional protein, known to be involved in recognizing snRNAs through its WD40 repeats domain placed at the N-terminus. A dimerization domain in the middle region acts as a hub for protein–protein interaction, while a non-canonical RNA-binding site is placed towards the C-terminus. The singular organization of structural domains present in GEMIN5 enables this protein to perform multiple functions through its ability to interact with distinct partners, both RNAs and proteins. This protein exerts a different role in translation regulation depending on its physiological state, such that while GEMIN5 down-regulates global RNA translation, the C-terminal half of the protein promotes translation of its mRNA. Additionally, GEMIN5 is responsible for the preferential partitioning of mRNAs into polysomes. Besides selective translation, GEMIN5 forms part of distinct ribonucleoprotein complexes, reflecting the dynamic organization of macromolecular complexes in response to internal and external signals. In accordance with its contribution to fundamental cellular processes, recent reports described clinical loss of function mutants suggesting that GEMIN5 deficiency is detrimental to cell growth and survival. Remarkably, patients carrying GEMIN5 biallelic variants suffer from neurodevelopmental delay, hypotonia, and cerebellar ataxia. Molecular analyses of individual variants, which are defective in protein dimerization, display decreased levels of ribosome association, reinforcing the involvement of the protein in translation regulation. Importantly, the number of clinical variants and the phenotypic spectrum associated with GEMIN5 disorders is increasing as the knowledge of the protein functions and the pathways linked to its activity augments. Here we discuss relevant advances concerning the functional and structural features of GEMIN5 and its separate domains in RNA-binding, protein interactome, and translation regulation, and how these data can help to understand the involvement of protein malfunction in clinical variants found in patients developing neurodevelopmental disorders.
文摘Urban underutilized spaces,often the secondary by-products of large infrastructure projects,are often overlooked,despite their potential to enhance city life.With meaningful design interventions,these neglected areas can be transformed into inclusive public environments that offer social,environmental,and cultural value.This research investigates how modular,temporary installations beneath Toronto’s Gardiner Expressway,in Canada,can enhance thermal comfort and foster community engagement during the shoulder seasons.Using a multi-step methodology,including literature review,thermal comfort guidelines,site-specific climate analysis,and precedent studies,the research identifies key design strategies tailored to the unique microclimatic and social conditions of under-bridge spaces.The study culminates in the proposal of a flexible system of movable panels that provide wind protection,solar control,and opportunities for gathering,interaction,and rest.By reimagining these unnoticed infrastructure zones as adaptable,climate-responsive public spaces,this research contributes to sustainable urban design and highlights the importance of design strategies that address the challenges of a warming and increasingly variable climate.
文摘Given the rapid growth of sustainable construction strategies globally and the importance of resiliency in civil infrastructure,it is crucial to adopt best practices.Modular construction is one such practice and is considered a better alternative to conventional construction in terms of resilience,construction times,resource efficiency,and sustainability.However,the continued expansion of modular construction relies on quantifying and evaluating its sustainability and the purported benefits.This paper develops and checks feasibility through an integrated multi-level decision support framework to empirically evaluate the sustainability performances of single-family residential modular homes.Criteria and indicator development and calculation,benchmark scale establishment,quantitative and qualitative data collection from literature and surveys,and multi-criteria decision analysis are unique aspects of this framework.The results of the two case studies located in the Okanagan region,Canada showed that modular homes perform at a higher level of sustainability than their conventional counterparts across multiple metrics and levels related to environmental and economic factors.The modular homes scored eco-efficiency values of 62.5 and 56.0,respectively and fell into higher performance range.The proposed frame-work offers flexibility in examining different dimensions of sustainability,providing valuable insights into the key parameters that need to be addressed to enhance overall sustainability.This research,which integrates life cycle thinking and decision-making,helps the construction industry and,municipalities,governments,and pol-icymakers in making informed decisions on the selection of suitable construction methods in city developments and move towards a more resilient and sustainable sector.
文摘Based on the analysis and research of the airworthiness objective of integrated modular avionics system(IMA),and the characteristics of IMA system’s comprehensive and complex cross-linking with other airborne systems,the extraction strategy of IMA system’s compliance flight test subjects and the selection method of IMA system’s compliance flight test parameters are proposed.The data analysis method based on the abnormal probability matrix of the IMA system is proposed for the first time,and the abnormal state information of the IMA system can be quickly identified.The compliance flight test of the IMA system is completed with limited flight test resources,which achieves the purpose of saving flight test sorties and improving flight test efficiency.This research has been successfully applied to the airworthiness certification flight test of a certain civil transport aircraft in China,and can provide technical support for the subsequent type flight test.
基金supported by China Yangtze Power Co.,Ltd.(No.ZSF2502001).
文摘Submodule capacitor aging poses significant challenges to the safe operation of modular multilevel converter(MMC)systems.Traditional detection methods rely predominantly on offline tests,lacking real-time evaluation capabilities.Moreover,existing online approaches require additional sampling channels,thereby increasing system complexity and costs.To address these issues,this paper proposes an online evaluation method for submodule capacitor aging based on CapAgingNet.Initially,an MMC system simulation platform is developed to examine the effects of submodule capacitor aging on system operational characteristics and to create a dataset of submodule capacitor switching states.Subsequently,the CapAgingNet model is introduced,incorporating key technical modules to enhance performance:the Deep Stem module,which extracts larger receptive fields through multiple convolution layers and mitigates the impact of data sparsity in capacitor aging on feature extraction;the efficient channel attention(ECA)module,utilizing onedimensional convolution for dynamic weighting to adjust the importance of each channel,thereby enhancing the ability of the model to process high-dimensional features in capacitor aging data;and the multiscale feature fusion(MSF)module,which integrates capacitor aging information across different scales by combining fine-grained and coarse-grained features,thus improving the capacity of the model to capture high-frequency variation characteristics.The experimental results reveal that the CapAgingNet model achieves a TOP-1 accuracy of 95.32%and a macro-averaged F1 score of 95.49%on the test set,thereby providing effective technical support for online monitoring of submodule capacitor aging.
