Urban underutilized spaces,often the secondary by-products of large infrastructure projects,are often overlooked,despite their potential to enhance city life.With meaningful design interventions,these neglected areas ...Urban underutilized spaces,often the secondary by-products of large infrastructure projects,are often overlooked,despite their potential to enhance city life.With meaningful design interventions,these neglected areas can be transformed into inclusive public environments that offer social,environmental,and cultural value.This research investigates how modular,temporary installations beneath Toronto’s Gardiner Expressway,in Canada,can enhance thermal comfort and foster community engagement during the shoulder seasons.Using a multi-step methodology,including literature review,thermal comfort guidelines,site-specific climate analysis,and precedent studies,the research identifies key design strategies tailored to the unique microclimatic and social conditions of under-bridge spaces.The study culminates in the proposal of a flexible system of movable panels that provide wind protection,solar control,and opportunities for gathering,interaction,and rest.By reimagining these unnoticed infrastructure zones as adaptable,climate-responsive public spaces,this research contributes to sustainable urban design and highlights the importance of design strategies that address the challenges of a warming and increasingly variable climate.展开更多
This article focuses on the municipal prefabricated bathroom station.It elaborates on its modular design concept,including key design points such as spatial layout,functional modules,and determination of key parameter...This article focuses on the municipal prefabricated bathroom station.It elaborates on its modular design concept,including key design points such as spatial layout,functional modules,and determination of key parameters;introduces the optimization of intelligent production processes,precision control,and integration of construction technology,and also mentions the verification of full lifecycle applications and quality control;as well as emphasizes the importance of BIM+IoT platform and looks forward to the future.展开更多
Automation advancements prompts the extensive integration of collaborative robot(cobot)across a range of industries.Compared to the commonly used design approach of increasing the payload-to-weight ratio of cobot to e...Automation advancements prompts the extensive integration of collaborative robot(cobot)across a range of industries.Compared to the commonly used design approach of increasing the payload-to-weight ratio of cobot to enhance load capacity,equal attention should be paid to the dynamic response characteristics of cobot during the design process to make the cobot more flexible.In this paper,a new method for designing the drive train parameters of cobot is proposed.Firstly,based on the analysis of factors influencing the load capacity and dynamic response characteristics,design criteria for both aspects are established for cobot with all optimization design criteria normalized within the design domain.Secondly,with the cobot in the horizontal pose,the motor design scheme is discretized and it takes the joint motor diameter and gearbox speed ratio as optimization design variables.Finally,all the discrete values of the optimization objectives are obtained through the enumeration method and the Pareto front is used to select the optimal solution through multi-objective optimization.Base on the cobot design method proposed in this paper,a six-axis cobot is designed and compared with the commercial cobot.The result shows that the load capacity of the designed cobot in this paper reaches 8.4 kg,surpassing the 5 kg load capacity commercial cobot which is used as a benchmark.The minimum resonance frequency of the joints is 42.70 Hz.展开更多
To solve the problem that utilizing an air rower lowers indoor air quality due to the dust stirred up in the course of rowing, an air rower is designed to have the extra function of air purifying. The designed rower i...To solve the problem that utilizing an air rower lowers indoor air quality due to the dust stirred up in the course of rowing, an air rower is designed to have the extra function of air purifying. The designed rower is composed of six parts, which are the frame, air generator, transmission part, air purifying filter cartridge, performance monitor, and electric motor. To fulfill the task, the filter cartridge is vertically arranged to lead the air to enter from the lower part and vent out of the upper part to filter and purify the air before it enters the generator so as that the indoor air is well circulated to improve the air purification effect when the rower is utilizing. The modular detachable design allows the air filter and electric motor to be installed and disassembled to adapt to different air purification needs. The designed rower has the benefit of lower purchasing cost and energy saving that may motivate exercising, bringing more fun and the sense of accomplishment.展开更多
As an efficient,environmentally friendly,energy-saving construction method,assembled buildings are now widely used in campus building construction.Modular design thinking is system-based design thinking,and its applic...As an efficient,environmentally friendly,energy-saving construction method,assembled buildings are now widely used in campus building construction.Modular design thinking is system-based design thinking,and its application to the design of an assembled teaching building project will comprehensively improve the rationality of the teaching building and component design.The paper focuses on the application of modular design thinking in assembled teaching building design,aiming to provide references for China’s architectural design units,giving full play to the advantages of modular design thinking in future teaching building design projects,and enhancing the level of design,for the construction of the teaching building and the basis of the technical guarantee.展开更多
A new generalized modular design (GMD) method is proposed based on designpractice of frame structure of hydraulic press machines. By building a series of flexible modules(FMs), design knowledge and structure features ...A new generalized modular design (GMD) method is proposed based on designpractice of frame structure of hydraulic press machines. By building a series of flexible modules(FMs), design knowledge and structure features are integrated into parametric models. Then,parametric design and variational analysis methods for GMD are presented according to user defineddesign objectives and customized product characteristics. A FM-centered GMD system is developed andsuccessfully used in the rapid design of relevant products.展开更多
Flexibility is the most prominent advantage of organic solar cells(OSCs) compared with traditional photovoltaic devices, showing an irreplaceable commercial potential. Currently, the maximum power conversion efficienc...Flexibility is the most prominent advantage of organic solar cells(OSCs) compared with traditional photovoltaic devices, showing an irreplaceable commercial potential. Currently, the maximum power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) of single-junction OSCs have been over 19% and 16% upon rigid and flexible substrates, respectively, which meet the criteria for commercial application. Extensive research efforts are under way, such as device configuration design, interface/photosensitive layer synthesis, transparent electrode modification and printing technology innovation, however, the reasonable selection of printing technologies, the huge performance loss of large-area printing process and the structural design of flexible modules are still the bottlenecks, limiting the commercialization of OSCs. This review focuses on the technical challenges and rational modular configuration design for printing preparation of flexible high-efficiency large-area organic devices, from the aspects of the functional layer material selection, printing process research status and large-scale efficiency losses. These will promote the integrated applications of printable organic semiconductor materials for next-generation clean energy and appeal extensive attentions in wearable electronics, building-integrated photovoltaics and Internet of Things, etc.展开更多
This study describes an integrated framework in which basic aerospace engineering aspects(performance, aerodynamics, and structure) and practical aspects(configuration visualization and manufacturing) are coupled and ...This study describes an integrated framework in which basic aerospace engineering aspects(performance, aerodynamics, and structure) and practical aspects(configuration visualization and manufacturing) are coupled and considered in one fully automated design optimization of rotor blades. A number of codes are developed to robustly perform estimation of helicopter configuration from sizing, performance analysis, trim analysis, to rotor blades configuration representation. These codes are then integrated with a two-dimensional airfoil analysis tool to fully design rotor blades configuration including rotor planform and airfoil shape for optimal aerodynamics in both hover and forward flights. A modular structure design methodology is developed for realistic composite rotor blades with a sophisticated cross-sectional geometry. A D-spar cross-sectional structure is chosen as a baseline. The framework is able to analyze all realistic inner configurations including thicknesses of D-spar, skin, web, number and ply angles of layers of each composite part,and materials. A number of codes and commercial software(ANSYS, Gridgen, VABS, Pre VABS,etc.) are implemented to automate the structural analysis from aerodynamic data processing to sectional properties and stress analysis. An integrated model for manufacturing cost estimation ofcomposite rotor blades developed at the Aerodynamic Analysis and Design Laboratory(AADL),Aerospace Information Engineering Department, Konkuk University is integrated into the framework to provide a rapid and dynamic feedback to configuration design. The integration of three modules has constructed a framework where the size of a helicopter, aerodynamic performance analysis, structure analysis, and manufacturing cost estimation could be quickly investigated. All aspects of a rotor blade including planform, airfoil shape, and inner structure are considered in a multidisciplinary design optimization without an exception of critical configuration.展开更多
Traditional modular design methods lead to product maintenance problems, because the module form of a system is created according to either the function requirements or the manufacturing considerations. For solving th...Traditional modular design methods lead to product maintenance problems, because the module form of a system is created according to either the function requirements or the manufacturing considerations. For solving these problems, a new modular design method is proposed with the considerations of not only the traditional function related attributes, but also the maintenance related ones. First, modularity parameters and modularity scenarios for product modularity are defined. Then the reliability and economic assessment models of product modularity strategies are formulated with the introduction of the effective working age of modules. A mathematical model used to evaluate the difference among the modules of the product so that the optimal module of the product can be established. After that, a multi-objective optimization problem based on metrics for preventive maintenance interval different degrees and preventive maintenance economics is formulated for modular optimization. Multi-objective GA is utilized to rapidly approximate the Pareto set of optimal modularity strategy trade-offs between preventive maintenance cost and preventive maintenance interval difference degree. Finally, a coordinate CNC boring machine is adopted to depict the process of product modularity. In addition, two factorial design experiments based on the modularity parameters are constructed and analyzed. These experiments investigate the impacts of these parameters on the optimal modularity strategies and the structure of module. The research proposes a new modular design method, which may help to improve the maintainability of product in modular design.展开更多
Big data on product sales are an emerging resource for supporting modular product design to meet diversified customers’requirements of product specification combinations.To better facilitate decision-making of modula...Big data on product sales are an emerging resource for supporting modular product design to meet diversified customers’requirements of product specification combinations.To better facilitate decision-making of modular product design,correlations among specifications and components originated from customers’conscious and subconscious preferences can be investigated by using big data on product sales.This study proposes a framework and the associated methods for supporting modular product design decisions based on correlation analysis of product specifications and components using big sales data.The correlations of the product specifications are determined by analyzing the collected product sales data.By building the relations between the product components and specifications,a matrix for measuring the correlation among product components is formed for component clustering.Six rules for supporting the decision making of modular product design are proposed based on the frequency analysis of the specification values per component cluster.A case study of electric vehicles illustrates the application of the proposed method.展开更多
This article presents a systematic research methodology of modular design for conceptual auto body frame by hybrid optimization method.A modified graph-based decomposition optimization algorithm is utilized to generat...This article presents a systematic research methodology of modular design for conceptual auto body frame by hybrid optimization method.A modified graph-based decomposition optimization algorithm is utilized to generate an optimal BIW assembly topo model composed of“potential modules”.The consistency constraint function in collaborative optimization is extended to maximize the commonality of modules and minimize the performance loss of all car types in the same product family simultaneously.A novel screening method is employed to select both“basic structures”and“reinforcement”modules based on the dimension optimization of the manufacturing elements and the optimal assembly mode;this allows for a more exhaustive modular platform design in contrast with existing methods.The proposed methodology is applied to a case study for the modular design of three conceptual auto body types in the same platform to validate its feasibility and effectiveness.展开更多
The modular design technology is of importance increasingly,as product structure is more and more complex.Modular design systems face challenging problems as the design information tends to be dynamic,redundant,and ve...The modular design technology is of importance increasingly,as product structure is more and more complex.Modular design systems face challenging problems as the design information tends to be dynamic,redundant,and very large.This paper describes a novel approach for handling them.In this approach,a partition is firstly performed for the complex structural components by mapping functions to the structures layer by layer.Based on this partition,a comprehensive design matrix is then developed to identify the key design mode which is driven by a special function.The design process is also programmed by analyzing the coupled information on both the functional and structural hierarchies.Then,the integrated knowledge model based on object-oriented method and hybrid inference method is constructed.In this model,knowledge can be organized at hierarchical classification and expressed with different forms.Finally,the methodology developed has been applied to a real application in automobile cylinder block design and the results are presented.展开更多
The development of high-voltage direct current gas-insulated switchgear assemblies(DC GIS)of rated voltages up to±550 kV has been completed.DC GIS provide a compact technical solution with a high functional densi...The development of high-voltage direct current gas-insulated switchgear assemblies(DC GIS)of rated voltages up to±550 kV has been completed.DC GIS provide a compact technical solution with a high functional density,optimized for projects with limited space as in offshore HVDC converter platforms,onshore HVDC converter stations and transition stations between different transmission media.Up to now,no standards for testing of gas-insulated DC systems are available,although pre-standardization work is in progress within CIGRE.Some tests can be performed as required in AC GIS standards.Special aspects of DC voltage stress,like the electric field distribution of insulators influenced by the accumulation of electrical charge carriers and the operation-related inhomogeneous temperature distribution,must be considered by additional electric and thermoelectric tests.For DC GIS,the experience of long-term performance is limited today.Although ageing is expected to be of lower importance,tests are recommended.This contribution summarizes the physical and technical background to design and develop compact DC switchgear assemblies using gas-insulated technology.It explains the developed modules of the substation and gives an overview of the performed tests.Furthermore,it provides an insight in the on-going standardization activities and describes applications in converter and transition stations,showing its space-saving characteristics.展开更多
Recently,there has been a global movement toward environmental protection and energy conservation through the design and development of new products in accordance with sustainable utilisation.In this study,rare earth ...Recently,there has been a global movement toward environmental protection and energy conservation through the design and development of new products in accordance with sustainable utilisation.In this study,rare earth luminescent materials were used owing to their active light emission and reusability.Additionally,solar lightemitting diode lights and car-light reflection were utilised to increase the recognition and reliability of reflective cat eyes.Along with carbon reduction,this can save energy and enhance road safety.This study considered the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving and a literature review to analyse the issues in existing products.Then,expert interviews were conducted to screen projects and develop product design policies.Finally,the ratio of light-storage materials was experimentally determined and the prototypes implemented.This cat’s eye addresses the shortcomings identified in previous analyses of existing products.We applied energy storage environmental protection materials,together with material proportioning(which balanced warning efficiency against cost-effectiveness)to develop diversified modular kits;these were flexible in terms of quantity and easily assembled.This study achieved four key objectives:(1)reducing the research and development costs of the manufacturer;(2)offering buyers a diverse suite of products;(3)responding to a need to improve diverse road user safety;and(4)reducing government procurement costs for safety warning products.The results provide a reference for the creative modular design of energy-saving products for public road safety planning in various industries.展开更多
Based on introduction characteristics and classific at ion of Mass Customization (MC), the paper expounds foundations and design me thods of MC. The foundations of MC production are standardization, seriation and norm...Based on introduction characteristics and classific at ion of Mass Customization (MC), the paper expounds foundations and design me thods of MC. The foundations of MC production are standardization, seriation and normality of production, guiding thought of Concurrent Engineering (CE), ap plication of CAD/CAM technology and etc. And design methods of MC products are d esign for product family, modular design, parameterization CAD, variant design, design for manufacturing (DFM) and design by customers. Design for product famil y is a method that first to design a basic form of the product, and then to with draw variant parameters to become a variable product model, makes a family or a series of product design at the same time. Modular design is that based on produ ct function analysis of different function or the same function but different sp ecification within a certain scope, divides and designs out a series of function modular, and through selection and combination of the modular can make up diffe rent products. Parameterization CAD is a CAD method that has function of dimensi on drive. Variant design is a method that under circumstance of keeping principl e constant and construction similar or likeness, properly adjusts part of constr uction and design parameters to adapt design demands. DFM demands the designer t o consider problems that will appear in manufacture in the stage of design, and to avoid them through optimal design. And design by customers is guiding custome rs to design within the scope of production capacity of enterprise and optional items that enterprise has designed to satisfy their requirements of form, functi on and price. Among them modular design, parameterization CAD and variant design are key technology of design methods of MC products. And design by customers is a main characteristic of design of customization product, and an effective sale means also.展开更多
To study an entity the entire jack-up performs as a total system with close interdependency and high level of integration of a myriad of subsystems supporting each individual function. All subsystems should be arrange...To study an entity the entire jack-up performs as a total system with close interdependency and high level of integration of a myriad of subsystems supporting each individual function. All subsystems should be arranged in regular geometric space with clear regional division according to their respective functions. The ＂building block＂ such as arrangement makes it feasible to apply modular design method while the integration and conflicts among subsystems offer an arena for game theoretic analysis. All the contradictions between subsystems should be resolved bye the designer. Here we present a game theoretic analysis methodology, which based on the basic principles of game theory, through the establishment of matrix-mode game models to describe and analyze engineering design tasks. By using this method the optimization process in various fields of expertise can be effectively coordinated and controlled, and the parallel design patterns can be achieved to some extent. Taking account of the impact of commercial or technical activities in platform＇s life cycle, time line is considered in the early stage of design process which provides more convenience for efficient upgrade and reconfiguration. Some second-hand three-legged jack-up upgrade design process is used as an example to illustrate the utility of the method.展开更多
Modularized circuit designs for chaotic systems are introduced in this paper.Especially,a typical improved modularized design strategy is proposed and applied to a new hyper-chaotic system circuit implementation.In th...Modularized circuit designs for chaotic systems are introduced in this paper.Especially,a typical improved modularized design strategy is proposed and applied to a new hyper-chaotic system circuit implementation.In this paper,the detailed design procedures are described.Multisim simulations and physical experiments are conducted,and the simulation results are compared with Matlab simulation results for different system parameter pairs.These results are consistent with each other and they verify the existence of the hyper-chaotic attractor for this new hyper-chaotic system.展开更多
The paper puts forward a kind of online shopping system based on ASP. NET technology, including the establishment of data- base anti the design of the front web pages. The system uses Microsoft ASP. NEF as development...The paper puts forward a kind of online shopping system based on ASP. NET technology, including the establishment of data- base anti the design of the front web pages. The system uses Microsoft ASP. NEF as development platform, C as the server language, and Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 as the development tool. ADO. NET is used to connect with SQL SERVER 2000 database through the data- base controls. A variety of server controls are used to create the ASP. NET page to implonent the syste^n functions. The syston is designed in 3-Layer application which includes Presentation Layer （PL）, Busi- ness Logic Layer （BLL） and Data Access Layer （DAL）. The operation of the database is in DAL, the logic fimction is in BLL. So the amotunt of work in the development, the difficulty of system maintenance and the upgrading can be reduced. After being tested, the system meets the requirement of the users.展开更多
In recent years,creative writing courses have attracted much attention in China,but there is a lack of relevant research on the practice of creative writing courses at present.Teachers are faced with such problems as ...In recent years,creative writing courses have attracted much attention in China,but there is a lack of relevant research on the practice of creative writing courses at present.Teachers are faced with such problems as vague teaching objectives,complex teaching contents,and lack of practical schemes.Moreover,it is difficult to evaluate the results of creative writing courses comprehensively and truly.Through the modularized combing of the course content and the establishment of personalized process evaluation scheme,we have realized the creative inspiration and creative practice guidance for students in creative writing course teaching,and enhanced the students’participation in the course and practical ability.展开更多
In this study, a novel design concept for PEMFC （polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell） stacks is presented with single cells inserted in pockets surrounded by a hydraulic medium. The hydraulic pressure introduces ...In this study, a novel design concept for PEMFC （polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell） stacks is presented with single cells inserted in pockets surrounded by a hydraulic medium. The hydraulic pressure introduces necessary compression forces to the membrane electrode assembly of each cell within a stack. Moreover, homogeneous cell cooling is achieved by this medium. First, prototypes presented in this work indicate that, upscaling of cells for the novel stack design is possible without significant performance losses. Due to its modularity and scalability, this stack design meets the requirements for large PEMFC units.展开更多
文摘Urban underutilized spaces,often the secondary by-products of large infrastructure projects,are often overlooked,despite their potential to enhance city life.With meaningful design interventions,these neglected areas can be transformed into inclusive public environments that offer social,environmental,and cultural value.This research investigates how modular,temporary installations beneath Toronto’s Gardiner Expressway,in Canada,can enhance thermal comfort and foster community engagement during the shoulder seasons.Using a multi-step methodology,including literature review,thermal comfort guidelines,site-specific climate analysis,and precedent studies,the research identifies key design strategies tailored to the unique microclimatic and social conditions of under-bridge spaces.The study culminates in the proposal of a flexible system of movable panels that provide wind protection,solar control,and opportunities for gathering,interaction,and rest.By reimagining these unnoticed infrastructure zones as adaptable,climate-responsive public spaces,this research contributes to sustainable urban design and highlights the importance of design strategies that address the challenges of a warming and increasingly variable climate.
文摘This article focuses on the municipal prefabricated bathroom station.It elaborates on its modular design concept,including key design points such as spatial layout,functional modules,and determination of key parameters;introduces the optimization of intelligent production processes,precision control,and integration of construction technology,and also mentions the verification of full lifecycle applications and quality control;as well as emphasizes the importance of BIM+IoT platform and looks forward to the future.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos.2022YFB4703000,2019YFB1309900)。
文摘Automation advancements prompts the extensive integration of collaborative robot(cobot)across a range of industries.Compared to the commonly used design approach of increasing the payload-to-weight ratio of cobot to enhance load capacity,equal attention should be paid to the dynamic response characteristics of cobot during the design process to make the cobot more flexible.In this paper,a new method for designing the drive train parameters of cobot is proposed.Firstly,based on the analysis of factors influencing the load capacity and dynamic response characteristics,design criteria for both aspects are established for cobot with all optimization design criteria normalized within the design domain.Secondly,with the cobot in the horizontal pose,the motor design scheme is discretized and it takes the joint motor diameter and gearbox speed ratio as optimization design variables.Finally,all the discrete values of the optimization objectives are obtained through the enumeration method and the Pareto front is used to select the optimal solution through multi-objective optimization.Base on the cobot design method proposed in this paper,a six-axis cobot is designed and compared with the commercial cobot.The result shows that the load capacity of the designed cobot in this paper reaches 8.4 kg,surpassing the 5 kg load capacity commercial cobot which is used as a benchmark.The minimum resonance frequency of the joints is 42.70 Hz.
文摘To solve the problem that utilizing an air rower lowers indoor air quality due to the dust stirred up in the course of rowing, an air rower is designed to have the extra function of air purifying. The designed rower is composed of six parts, which are the frame, air generator, transmission part, air purifying filter cartridge, performance monitor, and electric motor. To fulfill the task, the filter cartridge is vertically arranged to lead the air to enter from the lower part and vent out of the upper part to filter and purify the air before it enters the generator so as that the indoor air is well circulated to improve the air purification effect when the rower is utilizing. The modular detachable design allows the air filter and electric motor to be installed and disassembled to adapt to different air purification needs. The designed rower has the benefit of lower purchasing cost and energy saving that may motivate exercising, bringing more fun and the sense of accomplishment.
文摘As an efficient,environmentally friendly,energy-saving construction method,assembled buildings are now widely used in campus building construction.Modular design thinking is system-based design thinking,and its application to the design of an assembled teaching building project will comprehensively improve the rationality of the teaching building and component design.The paper focuses on the application of modular design thinking in assembled teaching building design,aiming to provide references for China’s architectural design units,giving full play to the advantages of modular design thinking in future teaching building design projects,and enhancing the level of design,for the construction of the teaching building and the basis of the technical guarantee.
文摘A new generalized modular design (GMD) method is proposed based on designpractice of frame structure of hydraulic press machines. By building a series of flexible modules(FMs), design knowledge and structure features are integrated into parametric models. Then,parametric design and variational analysis methods for GMD are presented according to user defineddesign objectives and customized product characteristics. A FM-centered GMD system is developed andsuccessfully used in the rapid design of relevant products.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22005131,52173169,U1801256 and U20A20128)the financial support from the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (No.BX2021117)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2021M700060)。
文摘Flexibility is the most prominent advantage of organic solar cells(OSCs) compared with traditional photovoltaic devices, showing an irreplaceable commercial potential. Currently, the maximum power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) of single-junction OSCs have been over 19% and 16% upon rigid and flexible substrates, respectively, which meet the criteria for commercial application. Extensive research efforts are under way, such as device configuration design, interface/photosensitive layer synthesis, transparent electrode modification and printing technology innovation, however, the reasonable selection of printing technologies, the huge performance loss of large-area printing process and the structural design of flexible modules are still the bottlenecks, limiting the commercialization of OSCs. This review focuses on the technical challenges and rational modular configuration design for printing preparation of flexible high-efficiency large-area organic devices, from the aspects of the functional layer material selection, printing process research status and large-scale efficiency losses. These will promote the integrated applications of printable organic semiconductor materials for next-generation clean energy and appeal extensive attentions in wearable electronics, building-integrated photovoltaics and Internet of Things, etc.
基金supported by the National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) of Vietnam (No. 107.04-2012.25)
文摘This study describes an integrated framework in which basic aerospace engineering aspects(performance, aerodynamics, and structure) and practical aspects(configuration visualization and manufacturing) are coupled and considered in one fully automated design optimization of rotor blades. A number of codes are developed to robustly perform estimation of helicopter configuration from sizing, performance analysis, trim analysis, to rotor blades configuration representation. These codes are then integrated with a two-dimensional airfoil analysis tool to fully design rotor blades configuration including rotor planform and airfoil shape for optimal aerodynamics in both hover and forward flights. A modular structure design methodology is developed for realistic composite rotor blades with a sophisticated cross-sectional geometry. A D-spar cross-sectional structure is chosen as a baseline. The framework is able to analyze all realistic inner configurations including thicknesses of D-spar, skin, web, number and ply angles of layers of each composite part,and materials. A number of codes and commercial software(ANSYS, Gridgen, VABS, Pre VABS,etc.) are implemented to automate the structural analysis from aerodynamic data processing to sectional properties and stress analysis. An integrated model for manufacturing cost estimation ofcomposite rotor blades developed at the Aerodynamic Analysis and Design Laboratory(AADL),Aerospace Information Engineering Department, Konkuk University is integrated into the framework to provide a rapid and dynamic feedback to configuration design. The integration of three modules has constructed a framework where the size of a helicopter, aerodynamic performance analysis, structure analysis, and manufacturing cost estimation could be quickly investigated. All aspects of a rotor blade including planform, airfoil shape, and inner structure are considered in a multidisciplinary design optimization without an exception of critical configuration.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51205347,51322506)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LR14E050003)+3 种基金Project of National Science and Technology Plan of China(Grant No.2013IM030500)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of ChinaInnovation Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power Transmission and Control of ChinaZhejiang University K.P.Chao’s High Technology Development Foundation of China
文摘Traditional modular design methods lead to product maintenance problems, because the module form of a system is created according to either the function requirements or the manufacturing considerations. For solving these problems, a new modular design method is proposed with the considerations of not only the traditional function related attributes, but also the maintenance related ones. First, modularity parameters and modularity scenarios for product modularity are defined. Then the reliability and economic assessment models of product modularity strategies are formulated with the introduction of the effective working age of modules. A mathematical model used to evaluate the difference among the modules of the product so that the optimal module of the product can be established. After that, a multi-objective optimization problem based on metrics for preventive maintenance interval different degrees and preventive maintenance economics is formulated for modular optimization. Multi-objective GA is utilized to rapidly approximate the Pareto set of optimal modularity strategy trade-offs between preventive maintenance cost and preventive maintenance interval difference degree. Finally, a coordinate CNC boring machine is adopted to depict the process of product modularity. In addition, two factorial design experiments based on the modularity parameters are constructed and analyzed. These experiments investigate the impacts of these parameters on the optimal modularity strategies and the structure of module. The research proposes a new modular design method, which may help to improve the maintainability of product in modular design.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFB1701701)Sailing Talent Program+1 种基金Guangdong Provincial Science and Technologies Program of China(Grant No.2017B090922008)Special Grand Grant from Tianjin City Government of China。
文摘Big data on product sales are an emerging resource for supporting modular product design to meet diversified customers’requirements of product specification combinations.To better facilitate decision-making of modular product design,correlations among specifications and components originated from customers’conscious and subconscious preferences can be investigated by using big data on product sales.This study proposes a framework and the associated methods for supporting modular product design decisions based on correlation analysis of product specifications and components using big sales data.The correlations of the product specifications are determined by analyzing the collected product sales data.By building the relations between the product components and specifications,a matrix for measuring the correlation among product components is formed for component clustering.Six rules for supporting the decision making of modular product design are proposed based on the frequency analysis of the specification values per component cluster.A case study of electric vehicles illustrates the application of the proposed method.
基金This work was funded by the Innovation Foundation of GAC R&D Center.
文摘This article presents a systematic research methodology of modular design for conceptual auto body frame by hybrid optimization method.A modified graph-based decomposition optimization algorithm is utilized to generate an optimal BIW assembly topo model composed of“potential modules”.The consistency constraint function in collaborative optimization is extended to maximize the commonality of modules and minimize the performance loss of all car types in the same product family simultaneously.A novel screening method is employed to select both“basic structures”and“reinforcement”modules based on the dimension optimization of the manufacturing elements and the optimal assembly mode;this allows for a more exhaustive modular platform design in contrast with existing methods.The proposed methodology is applied to a case study for the modular design of three conceptual auto body types in the same platform to validate its feasibility and effectiveness.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 50935006）； the National High Technology Research and Development Program （863） of China （No. 2009AA04Z147）；the Science- Technology Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province （No. 2008KW-07）
文摘The modular design technology is of importance increasingly,as product structure is more and more complex.Modular design systems face challenging problems as the design information tends to be dynamic,redundant,and very large.This paper describes a novel approach for handling them.In this approach,a partition is firstly performed for the complex structural components by mapping functions to the structures layer by layer.Based on this partition,a comprehensive design matrix is then developed to identify the key design mode which is driven by a special function.The design process is also programmed by analyzing the coupled information on both the functional and structural hierarchies.Then,the integrated knowledge model based on object-oriented method and hybrid inference method is constructed.In this model,knowledge can be organized at hierarchical classification and expressed with different forms.Finally,the methodology developed has been applied to a real application in automobile cylinder block design and the results are presented.
基金supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, Germany (FKZ:03ET7511C)the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs, Regional Development and Energy (FKZ:IET-1208-0018)
文摘The development of high-voltage direct current gas-insulated switchgear assemblies(DC GIS)of rated voltages up to±550 kV has been completed.DC GIS provide a compact technical solution with a high functional density,optimized for projects with limited space as in offshore HVDC converter platforms,onshore HVDC converter stations and transition stations between different transmission media.Up to now,no standards for testing of gas-insulated DC systems are available,although pre-standardization work is in progress within CIGRE.Some tests can be performed as required in AC GIS standards.Special aspects of DC voltage stress,like the electric field distribution of insulators influenced by the accumulation of electrical charge carriers and the operation-related inhomogeneous temperature distribution,must be considered by additional electric and thermoelectric tests.For DC GIS,the experience of long-term performance is limited today.Although ageing is expected to be of lower importance,tests are recommended.This contribution summarizes the physical and technical background to design and develop compact DC switchgear assemblies using gas-insulated technology.It explains the developed modules of the substation and gives an overview of the performed tests.Furthermore,it provides an insight in the on-going standardization activities and describes applications in converter and transition stations,showing its space-saving characteristics.
基金This work was supported by Ministry of Science and Technology funded by the Taiwan Government[Grant No.MOST 105-2622-E-327-011-CC3]However,the publication of our work is fully in MOST’s favor.
文摘Recently,there has been a global movement toward environmental protection and energy conservation through the design and development of new products in accordance with sustainable utilisation.In this study,rare earth luminescent materials were used owing to their active light emission and reusability.Additionally,solar lightemitting diode lights and car-light reflection were utilised to increase the recognition and reliability of reflective cat eyes.Along with carbon reduction,this can save energy and enhance road safety.This study considered the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving and a literature review to analyse the issues in existing products.Then,expert interviews were conducted to screen projects and develop product design policies.Finally,the ratio of light-storage materials was experimentally determined and the prototypes implemented.This cat’s eye addresses the shortcomings identified in previous analyses of existing products.We applied energy storage environmental protection materials,together with material proportioning(which balanced warning efficiency against cost-effectiveness)to develop diversified modular kits;these were flexible in terms of quantity and easily assembled.This study achieved four key objectives:(1)reducing the research and development costs of the manufacturer;(2)offering buyers a diverse suite of products;(3)responding to a need to improve diverse road user safety;and(4)reducing government procurement costs for safety warning products.The results provide a reference for the creative modular design of energy-saving products for public road safety planning in various industries.
文摘Based on introduction characteristics and classific at ion of Mass Customization (MC), the paper expounds foundations and design me thods of MC. The foundations of MC production are standardization, seriation and normality of production, guiding thought of Concurrent Engineering (CE), ap plication of CAD/CAM technology and etc. And design methods of MC products are d esign for product family, modular design, parameterization CAD, variant design, design for manufacturing (DFM) and design by customers. Design for product famil y is a method that first to design a basic form of the product, and then to with draw variant parameters to become a variable product model, makes a family or a series of product design at the same time. Modular design is that based on produ ct function analysis of different function or the same function but different sp ecification within a certain scope, divides and designs out a series of function modular, and through selection and combination of the modular can make up diffe rent products. Parameterization CAD is a CAD method that has function of dimensi on drive. Variant design is a method that under circumstance of keeping principl e constant and construction similar or likeness, properly adjusts part of constr uction and design parameters to adapt design demands. DFM demands the designer t o consider problems that will appear in manufacture in the stage of design, and to avoid them through optimal design. And design by customers is guiding custome rs to design within the scope of production capacity of enterprise and optional items that enterprise has designed to satisfy their requirements of form, functi on and price. Among them modular design, parameterization CAD and variant design are key technology of design methods of MC products. And design by customers is a main characteristic of design of customization product, and an effective sale means also.
基金the Liaoning BaiQian Wan Talents Program(No.2007186-25)
文摘To study an entity the entire jack-up performs as a total system with close interdependency and high level of integration of a myriad of subsystems supporting each individual function. All subsystems should be arranged in regular geometric space with clear regional division according to their respective functions. The ＂building block＂ such as arrangement makes it feasible to apply modular design method while the integration and conflicts among subsystems offer an arena for game theoretic analysis. All the contradictions between subsystems should be resolved bye the designer. Here we present a game theoretic analysis methodology, which based on the basic principles of game theory, through the establishment of matrix-mode game models to describe and analyze engineering design tasks. By using this method the optimization process in various fields of expertise can be effectively coordinated and controlled, and the parallel design patterns can be achieved to some extent. Taking account of the impact of commercial or technical activities in platform＇s life cycle, time line is considered in the early stage of design process which provides more convenience for efficient upgrade and reconfiguration. Some second-hand three-legged jack-up upgrade design process is used as an example to illustrate the utility of the method.
基金supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61403395)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,China(Grant No.13JCYBJC39000)+3 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry of Chinathe Fund from the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Civil Aircraft Airworthiness and Maintenance in Civil Aviation of China(Grant No.104003020106)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB744904)the Fund for the Scholars of Civil Aviation University of China(Grant No.2012QD21x)
文摘Modularized circuit designs for chaotic systems are introduced in this paper.Especially,a typical improved modularized design strategy is proposed and applied to a new hyper-chaotic system circuit implementation.In this paper,the detailed design procedures are described.Multisim simulations and physical experiments are conducted,and the simulation results are compared with Matlab simulation results for different system parameter pairs.These results are consistent with each other and they verify the existence of the hyper-chaotic attractor for this new hyper-chaotic system.
文摘The paper puts forward a kind of online shopping system based on ASP. NET technology, including the establishment of data- base anti the design of the front web pages. The system uses Microsoft ASP. NEF as development platform, C as the server language, and Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 as the development tool. ADO. NET is used to connect with SQL SERVER 2000 database through the data- base controls. A variety of server controls are used to create the ASP. NET page to implonent the syste^n functions. The syston is designed in 3-Layer application which includes Presentation Layer （PL）, Busi- ness Logic Layer （BLL） and Data Access Layer （DAL）. The operation of the database is in DAL, the logic fimction is in BLL. So the amotunt of work in the development, the difficulty of system maintenance and the upgrading can be reduced. After being tested, the system meets the requirement of the users.
文摘In recent years,creative writing courses have attracted much attention in China,but there is a lack of relevant research on the practice of creative writing courses at present.Teachers are faced with such problems as vague teaching objectives,complex teaching contents,and lack of practical schemes.Moreover,it is difficult to evaluate the results of creative writing courses comprehensively and truly.Through the modularized combing of the course content and the establishment of personalized process evaluation scheme,we have realized the creative inspiration and creative practice guidance for students in creative writing course teaching,and enhanced the students’participation in the course and practical ability.
文摘In this study, a novel design concept for PEMFC （polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell） stacks is presented with single cells inserted in pockets surrounded by a hydraulic medium. The hydraulic pressure introduces necessary compression forces to the membrane electrode assembly of each cell within a stack. Moreover, homogeneous cell cooling is achieved by this medium. First, prototypes presented in this work indicate that, upscaling of cells for the novel stack design is possible without significant performance losses. Due to its modularity and scalability, this stack design meets the requirements for large PEMFC units.
