The seismic intensity is generally high in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region of China.The seismic performance of the new prefabricated modular pressurized buildings used to solve the plateau response is insufficient.To...The seismic intensity is generally high in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region of China.The seismic performance of the new prefabricated modular pressurized buildings used to solve the plateau response is insufficient.To solve this problem,the small friction pendulum bearing(FPB)isolation design is proposed for modular pressurized buildings.Firstly,a simplified model of cross-truss support for the pressurized module is proposed to simplify the modeling and calculation of the pressurized buildings.The reasonability of the simplified model is verified by comparing the refined finite element model.Subsequently,according to the FPB design process for modular pressurized buildings,a small FPB for isolation is provided for a two-story modular pressurized building under 8-degree fortification earthquakes.Lastly,the seismic effectiveness and constructional feasibility of the isolation structure are verified compared with the non-isolated structure using dynamic time-history analysis.The study results show that the size of FPBs for modular pressurized buildings should consider both displacement and dimension requirements to weigh seismic isolation performance and installation feasibility,respectively.When adopting FPBs,the response of the structure is significantly reduced,and the seismic isolation effect is obvious.The proposed construction process can improve the seismic resilience of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings by replacing post-earthquake damaged components quickly.It provides ideas for the seismic isolation design of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings in high seismic intensity areas.展开更多
Within this work,life cycle assessment modeling is used to determine top design priorities and quantitatively inform sustainable design decision-making for a prefabricated modular building.A case-study life-cycle asse...Within this work,life cycle assessment modeling is used to determine top design priorities and quantitatively inform sustainable design decision-making for a prefabricated modular building.A case-study life-cycle assessment was performed for a 5,000 ft2 prefabricated commercial building constructed in San Francisco,California,and scenario analysis was run examining the life cycle environmental impacts of various energy and material design substitutions,and a structural design change.Results show that even for a highly energy-efficient modular building,the top design priority is still minimizing operational energy impacts,since this strongly dominates the building life cycle’s environmental impacts.However,as an energy-efficient building approaches net zero energy,manufacturing-phase impacts are dominant,and a new set of design priorities emerges.Transportation and end-of-life disposal impacts were of low to negligible importance in both cases.展开更多
Ecological payback time was calculated for demolishing an existing commercial building with average energy performance and replacing it with an energy-efficient,prefabricated building.A life-cycle assessment was perfo...Ecological payback time was calculated for demolishing an existing commercial building with average energy performance and replacing it with an energy-efficient,prefabricated building.A life-cycle assessment was performed for a 5,000 ft2 commercial building designed by Project Frog and prefabricated in San Francisco,California,and compared to the impacts of annual energy consumption and continued status quo operation of a comparable average commercial building.Scenarios were run both with and without rooftop solar panels intended to make the prefabricated building net zero energy.The analysis considers the materials and manufacturing,transportation,annual energy use of the new building,and disposal of the existing building,compared to continued annual energy use of the existing building.The carbon payback of a new building with no solar against operation of an existing commercial building was found to be roughly eleven years,and a building with enough rooftop solar to be net zero energy was roughly 6.5 years.The full EcoIndicator99 environmental impact payback for a new efficient building with no solar was found to be twenty years,and a solar net-zero building was roughly eleven years against operation of an existing commercial building.展开更多
The challenges of building on an island demanded elements of green building technology.Since there are no utilities for life support systems such as heat,hot water,and electricity,the design approach needed to be comp...The challenges of building on an island demanded elements of green building technology.Since there are no utilities for life support systems such as heat,hot water,and electricity,the design approach needed to be comprehensive and efficient.We were commissioned in 2004 to design a 4,200-square-foot vacation house on a small island off Branford Connecticut.This island,less than one acre,is only 10 feet above sea level at the maximum high point.The challenges were not only to produce enough energy as efficiently as possible,but to build a structure resistant to storm surges potentially 11 feet above sea level and 3 foot waves that could inundate the island.The home has seen three severe storms since it was constructed,and indeed,the ocean did completely inundate the island,leaving only the home and the mechanical building to stand alone in the open and violent ocean.The island prior to 1938 had a luxurious mansion built on it constructed of masonry and by conventional means.The 1938 hurricane swept over Long Island Sound in that year making a direct hit to the island.The mansion was leveled,leaving only debris,and for 67 years there was no meaningful building on the island other than a storage shack and lean-to over the remains of the foundation.The only life support brought to the island was a water pipe.The island,named Sumac Island,is only a half mile off the southern Connecticut shoreline in Branford,just a few miles west of a chain of islands called the Thimbles Islands.The owner bought this island in part for the spectacular views-and of course the privacy any island gives-but he knew it presented many challenges,mainly generating its own power.This required sophisticated mechanical systems to be built-off the grid(see Figure 1).展开更多
基金supported by Technology Research and Development Program of China Construction Advanced Technology Research Institute(Grant No.XJY-2024-16)。
文摘The seismic intensity is generally high in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region of China.The seismic performance of the new prefabricated modular pressurized buildings used to solve the plateau response is insufficient.To solve this problem,the small friction pendulum bearing(FPB)isolation design is proposed for modular pressurized buildings.Firstly,a simplified model of cross-truss support for the pressurized module is proposed to simplify the modeling and calculation of the pressurized buildings.The reasonability of the simplified model is verified by comparing the refined finite element model.Subsequently,according to the FPB design process for modular pressurized buildings,a small FPB for isolation is provided for a two-story modular pressurized building under 8-degree fortification earthquakes.Lastly,the seismic effectiveness and constructional feasibility of the isolation structure are verified compared with the non-isolated structure using dynamic time-history analysis.The study results show that the size of FPBs for modular pressurized buildings should consider both displacement and dimension requirements to weigh seismic isolation performance and installation feasibility,respectively.When adopting FPBs,the response of the structure is significantly reduced,and the seismic isolation effect is obvious.The proposed construction process can improve the seismic resilience of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings by replacing post-earthquake damaged components quickly.It provides ideas for the seismic isolation design of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings in high seismic intensity areas.
基金the Stanford University Terman Faculty Fellowship,and the staff of Project Frog,for their generous support.
文摘Within this work,life cycle assessment modeling is used to determine top design priorities and quantitatively inform sustainable design decision-making for a prefabricated modular building.A case-study life-cycle assessment was performed for a 5,000 ft2 prefabricated commercial building constructed in San Francisco,California,and scenario analysis was run examining the life cycle environmental impacts of various energy and material design substitutions,and a structural design change.Results show that even for a highly energy-efficient modular building,the top design priority is still minimizing operational energy impacts,since this strongly dominates the building life cycle’s environmental impacts.However,as an energy-efficient building approaches net zero energy,manufacturing-phase impacts are dominant,and a new set of design priorities emerges.Transportation and end-of-life disposal impacts were of low to negligible importance in both cases.
文摘Ecological payback time was calculated for demolishing an existing commercial building with average energy performance and replacing it with an energy-efficient,prefabricated building.A life-cycle assessment was performed for a 5,000 ft2 commercial building designed by Project Frog and prefabricated in San Francisco,California,and compared to the impacts of annual energy consumption and continued status quo operation of a comparable average commercial building.Scenarios were run both with and without rooftop solar panels intended to make the prefabricated building net zero energy.The analysis considers the materials and manufacturing,transportation,annual energy use of the new building,and disposal of the existing building,compared to continued annual energy use of the existing building.The carbon payback of a new building with no solar against operation of an existing commercial building was found to be roughly eleven years,and a building with enough rooftop solar to be net zero energy was roughly 6.5 years.The full EcoIndicator99 environmental impact payback for a new efficient building with no solar was found to be twenty years,and a solar net-zero building was roughly eleven years against operation of an existing commercial building.
文摘The challenges of building on an island demanded elements of green building technology.Since there are no utilities for life support systems such as heat,hot water,and electricity,the design approach needed to be comprehensive and efficient.We were commissioned in 2004 to design a 4,200-square-foot vacation house on a small island off Branford Connecticut.This island,less than one acre,is only 10 feet above sea level at the maximum high point.The challenges were not only to produce enough energy as efficiently as possible,but to build a structure resistant to storm surges potentially 11 feet above sea level and 3 foot waves that could inundate the island.The home has seen three severe storms since it was constructed,and indeed,the ocean did completely inundate the island,leaving only the home and the mechanical building to stand alone in the open and violent ocean.The island prior to 1938 had a luxurious mansion built on it constructed of masonry and by conventional means.The 1938 hurricane swept over Long Island Sound in that year making a direct hit to the island.The mansion was leveled,leaving only debris,and for 67 years there was no meaningful building on the island other than a storage shack and lean-to over the remains of the foundation.The only life support brought to the island was a water pipe.The island,named Sumac Island,is only a half mile off the southern Connecticut shoreline in Branford,just a few miles west of a chain of islands called the Thimbles Islands.The owner bought this island in part for the spectacular views-and of course the privacy any island gives-but he knew it presented many challenges,mainly generating its own power.This required sophisticated mechanical systems to be built-off the grid(see Figure 1).
