Achieving exact printing fidelity in polymer-based bone regeneration scaffolds through additive manufacturing,particularly those of dispensing-type,remains a significant challenge.During fabrication,scaffolds often de...Achieving exact printing fidelity in polymer-based bone regeneration scaffolds through additive manufacturing,particularly those of dispensing-type,remains a significant challenge.During fabrication,scaffolds often deviate from the intended design geometry,which can negatively affect their performance.Additionally,achieving mechanical properties similar to natural bone in scaffolds remains challenging.Therefore,this study introduces the Hybrid Modified Cubic-Honeycomb Plate(hybrid MCHP)structure to improve printing fidelity and mechanical properties over previous bone regeneration scaffolds through innovative geometry design.This hybrid MCHP scaffold was inspired by cubic honeycomb and plate-lattice structures due to their excellent mechanical performance and well-optimized geometry,which ensure optimal printability.The effective elastic stiffness of the proposed structure and control group was predicted using a numerical Asymptotic Expansion Homogenization(AEH)model.Bone regeneration scaffolds were fabricated using Polycaprolactone(PCL)and a 3D printer with a Precision Extrusion Deposition(PED)system.Printing fidelity in manufactured scaffolds was then evaluated,resulting in a printing fidelity of 97.93±1.1%for the hybrid MCHP-structure scaffold(compared to 82.31±3.6%and 92.00±2.5%in the case of Kagome-structure and modified honeycomb(MHC)-structure scaffolds,which are the control groups).Mechanical testing of the hybrid MCHP-structure scaffold using a Universal Testing Machine(UTM)depicted similarity with 91.1%of the numerical estimated effective elastic stiffness(compared to 82.8%and 79.0%in the case of Kagome-structure and MHC-structure scaffolds,which serve as the control groups).The biological potential of the scaffolds was evaluated through in vitro studies using MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts.The CCK-8 assay showed significantly enhanced cell viability and proliferation on the hybrid MCHP scaffold at all time points(days 1,7,and 14),consistently outperforming the Kagome and MHC scaffolds.Additionally,immunofluorescence staining analysis revealed abundant focal adhesions and uniform nuclear distribution,highlighting the superior cytocompatibility and effective support for cellular activity of the hybrid MCHP scaffold.展开更多
Floquet engineering provides a powerful and flexible method for modifying the band structures of quantum materials.While circularly polarized light has been shown to convert curved nodal lines in three-dimensional sem...Floquet engineering provides a powerful and flexible method for modifying the band structures of quantum materials.While circularly polarized light has been shown to convert curved nodal lines in three-dimensional semimetals into Weyl points,such a transformation is forbidden for an isolated straight nodal line.In this work,we uncover a dramatic shift in this paradigm when multiple straight nodal lines intersect.We observe that circularly polarized light not only gaps them into Weyl points but also induces unprecedented surface-state Fermi arcs that extend across the entire surface Brillouin zone and form a linked topological structure.These findings advance our fundamental understanding of light-driven transitions in topological semimetals and unveil a unique Weyl semimetal phase defined by linked Fermi arcs.We discuss potential exotic phenomena arising from this phase,applications of our predictions to spin-split antiferromagnets,and the extension of this Weyl semimetal phase to classical systems.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)show great potential in the field of electrochemical energy storage with the advantages of high safety,low cost and environmental friendliness.Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)are consider...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)show great potential in the field of electrochemical energy storage with the advantages of high safety,low cost and environmental friendliness.Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)are considered as the highly promising cathode materials for AZIBs because of their low cost and high voltage potential.Its excellent electrochemical performance and sustainable energy storage capability provide a new direction and opportunity for the development of AZIBs technology.The practical application of PBAs in AZIBs,however,is restrained by its unstable cycle life deriving from PBAs’inherent structure deficiencies and its dissolution in aqueous electrolyte.Based on the summary of series of literature,we will comprehensively introduce the PBAs as cathodes for AZIBs in this review.Firstly,some basic knowledge of PBAs is introduced,including structural characteristics,advantages and issues.Secondly,several commonly used modification methods to improve the properties of PBAs,as well as electrolytes to stabilize PBAs,are presented.Finally,the future research directions and commercial prospects of PBAs in AZIBs are proposed to encourage further exploration and promote technological innovation.展开更多
The emerging NIR-II imaging modality is promising for real-time visualization of living systems and multiple disease diagnoses,particularly through its enhanced tissue penetration and superior spatial resolution[1,2]....The emerging NIR-II imaging modality is promising for real-time visualization of living systems and multiple disease diagnoses,particularly through its enhanced tissue penetration and superior spatial resolution[1,2].Cyanine dyes possess the advantages of low administration dosage,high biocompatibility,and strong fluorescence emission intensity[3].Cyanine dyes can be easily structurally modified through molecular engineering methods,while the large hydrophobic conjugation systems hinder further in vivo imaging application.The traditional surfactant encapsulation strategy cannot effectively solve the aggregation caused-quenching issue of the dyes in aqueous solutions and may even mask their reaction active sites[4].Due to the special hydrophobic pocket to act as a probe carrier and the ability to serve as the pan-marker for multiple diseases,albumin is chosen as the preferred binding protein for cyanine dyes[5].Albumin interacts with cyanine dyes through a“hydrophobic pocket”and further improves its properties such as water solubility,biosafety,and fluorescence quantum yield.Cyanine dyes can modify the binding efficiency with albumin through structural design and regulate the targeting performance.This means that cyanine-tagged albumin can respond to pathological changes caused by different diseases and monitor the disease process in real time with high contrast through NIR-II fluorescence signals.Further development of cyanine-tagged albumin probes is helpful for in-depth comprehension of the binding mechanism and guiding the directed synthesis of cyanine molecules with specific protein binding behaviors and optical properties,thereby achieving precise targeting and high-performance NIR-II bioimaging of specific diseases.This point is essential for the design,preparation,and even clinical translation of NIR-II targeting dye molecules in precise diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Two experimental tests of three-storied reinforced concrete structural walls having large openings were performed.Based on an original macro model,a multiple modified macro-model was proposed to develop a simple metho...Two experimental tests of three-storied reinforced concrete structural walls having large openings were performed.Based on an original macro model,a multiple modified macro-model was proposed to develop a simple method to design a reinforced concrete structural wall with large openings and various opening locations.The interaction between reinforcement ties and concrete struts formed along the perimeter of openings was neglected in the original model.However,the strut-and-tie node was proposed to take account of such interaction in the proposed model.The predicted behavior of two specimens using such a proposed model was compared with the experimental results.It is shown that the behavior of structural walls with large openings could be modeled well using the proposed model.Moreover,the study indicates that the proposed model is applicable even in cases of multi-story structural walls having large openings and various opening locations.展开更多
Joint inversion is one of the most effective methods for reducing non-uniqueness for geophysical inversion.The current joint inversion methods can be divided into the structural consistency constraint and petrophysica...Joint inversion is one of the most effective methods for reducing non-uniqueness for geophysical inversion.The current joint inversion methods can be divided into the structural consistency constraint and petrophysical consistency constraint methods,which are mutually independent.Currently,there is a need for joint inversion methods that can comprehensively consider the structural consistency constraints and petrophysical consistency constraints.This paper develops the structural similarity index(SSIM)as a new structural and petrophysical consistency constraint for the joint inversion of gravity and vertical gradient data.The SSIM constraint is in the form of a fraction,which may have analytical singularities.Therefore,converting the fractional form to the subtractive form can solve the problem of analytic singularity and finally form a modified structural consistency index of the joint inversion,which enhances the stability of the SSIM constraint applied to the joint inversion.Compared to the reconstructed results from the cross-gradient inversion,the proposed method presents good performance and stability.The SSIM algorithm is a new joint inversion method for petrophysical and structural constraints.It can promote the consistency of the recovered models from the distribution and the structure of the physical property values.Then,applications to synthetic data illustrate that the algorithm proposed in this paper can well process the synthetic data and acquire good reconstructed results.展开更多
A novel synthetic strategy for the construction of 4＇-spironucleosides via cascade radical translocation cyclization of N-allyl-N-（2＇-bromophenyl） amide moiety of 5＇-carboxylic nucleosides and the N-propynyl anal...A novel synthetic strategy for the construction of 4＇-spironucleosides via cascade radical translocation cyclization of N-allyl-N-（2＇-bromophenyl） amide moiety of 5＇-carboxylic nucleosides and the N-propynyl analogues is described. The conformationally restricted nucleosides herein synthesized are of potentially biological interests.展开更多
Metal particles such as aluminum（ Al）,magnesium（ Mg）,boron（ B） and nickel（ Ni）,as well as Mg/Al alloy（ Mg/Al = 3/4） are currently the most widely used ingredients in modified doublebase propellants. In this ...Metal particles such as aluminum（ Al）,magnesium（ Mg）,boron（ B） and nickel（ Ni）,as well as Mg/Al alloy（ Mg/Al = 3/4） are currently the most widely used ingredients in modified doublebase propellants. In this contribution,the combustion properties of the metal species are studied by means of the high-speed photography technique and the non-contact wavelet-based measurement of flame temperature distribution. The combustion process of the Al,Mg and Mg/Al samples shows both gas phase reaction and surface oxidation,which yield volatile and nonvolatile products,corresponding to the oxide and suboxide respectively. However,the combustion of B and Ni shows only gas phase reaction,due to their high melting point as well as high enthalpy of vaporization. In addition to the experiments,a hypothetical combustion model has been proposed to clarify the combustion characteristics of metal species in modified double-base propellants.展开更多
Sonodynamic therapy(SDT)has emerged as a novel and highly researched advancement in the medical field.Traditional ultrasound contrast agents and novel bubble-shaped agents are used to stimulate cavitation and enhance ...Sonodynamic therapy(SDT)has emerged as a novel and highly researched advancement in the medical field.Traditional ultrasound contrast agents and novel bubble-shaped agents are used to stimulate cavitation and enhance SDT efficiency.However,the impact of artificially modified shell structures on the acoustic properties of microbubbles remains to be explored.Alternatively,in the absence of bubble-shaped agents,some clinically available organic sonosensitizers and advanced inorganic materials are also used to enhance the efficacy of SDT.Diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound can also activate cavitation bubbles,which supply energy to sonosensitive agents,leading to the production of cytotoxic free radicals to achieve therapeutic effects.While inorganic materials often spark controversy in clinical applications,their relatively simple structure enables researchers to gain insight into the mechanism by which SDT produces various free radicals.Some organic-inorganic hybrid sonosensitive systems have also been reported,combining the benefits of inorganic and organic sonosensitive agents.Alternatively,by employing cell surface modification engineering to enable cells to perform functions such as immune escape,drug loading,gas loading,and sonosensitivity,cellular sonosensitizers have also been developed.However,further exploration is needed on the acoustic properties,ability to generate reactive oxygen species(ROS),and potential clinical application of this cellular sonosensitizer.This review offers a comprehensive analysis of vesical microbubbles and nanoscale sonocatalysts,including organic,inorganic,combined organic-inorganic sonosensitizers,and cellular sonosensitizers.This analysis will enhance our understanding of SDT and demonstrate its important potential in transforming medical applications.展开更多
Taking into account the nonlinearity of vehicle dynamics and the variations of vehicle parameters,the integrated control strategy for active front steering(AFS)and direct yaw control(DYC)that can maintain the performa...Taking into account the nonlinearity of vehicle dynamics and the variations of vehicle parameters,the integrated control strategy for active front steering(AFS)and direct yaw control(DYC)that can maintain the performance and robustness is a key issue to be researched.Currently,the H∞method is widely applied to the integrated control of chassis dynamics,but it always sacrifices the performance in order to enhance the stability.The modified structure internal model robust control(MSIMC)obtained by modifying internal model control(IMC)structure is proposed for the integrated control of AFS and DYC to surmount the conflict between performance and robustness.Double lane change(DLC)simulation is developed to compare the performance and the stability of the MSIMC strategy,the PID controller based on the reference vehicle model and the H∞controller.Simulation results show that the PID controller may oscillate and go into instability in severe driving conditions because of large variations of tire parameters,the H∞controller sacrifices the performance in order to enhance the stability,and only the MSIMC controller can both ensure the robustness and the high performance of the integrated control of AFS and DYC.展开更多
A new method of designing a variable structure controller for uncertain singular system is proposed in this paper. By introducing integral transformation, discontinuous control law is replaced by an approximately cont...A new method of designing a variable structure controller for uncertain singular system is proposed in this paper. By introducing integral transformation, discontinuous control law is replaced by an approximately continuous one,and the switching frequency of the variable structure control is greatly reduced and the chattering which usually occurs is ordinary variable structure control system call be effectively suppressed.展开更多
The performance stability of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)is closely linked to the properties of the inner Helmholtz plane(IHP)at the zinc anode/electrolyte interface.Excessive reactive H_(2)O in the IHP significa...The performance stability of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)is closely linked to the properties of the inner Helmholtz plane(IHP)at the zinc anode/electrolyte interface.Excessive reactive H_(2)O in the IHP significantly contributes to side reactions,including hydrogen evolution,passivation,and zinc dendrite formation.Here,a trace additive with abundant polar functional groups,thioacetamide(TAA),is introduced to modify the internal structure of the IHP and enhance the stability of zinc anodes.Both theoretical calculations and experiments demonstrate that TAA preferentially adsorbs onto the IHP at the zinc surface,reducing the decomposition of active H_(2)O and suppressing side reactions.TAA also facilitates the uniform deposition of Zn^(2+)ions on the(002)crystal plane,effectively preventing dendrite formation.Consequently,the addition of 10 mM TAA to the ZnSO4 electrolyte significantly boosts the reversibility of zinc,achieving an improvement of nearly 13 times compared to the pure ZnSO_(4) electrolyte.Furthermore,the Zn||V_(6)O_(13) full cells with the optimized electrolyte maintain excellent stability after 2000 cycles at 3 A g^(−1),surpassing the performance of the pure ZnSO4 electrolyte.展开更多
The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)as an alternative approach to the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process for artificial ammonia synthesis has attracted extensive attention.Previous reports have sugg...The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)as an alternative approach to the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process for artificial ammonia synthesis has attracted extensive attention.Previous reports have suggested that metal-free electrocatalysts,such as nitrogen-doped carbon featuring modified electronic structure and charge polarization,are able to eliminate the nitrogen chemisorption barrier and achieve ammonia synthesis with a certain performance.However,the NRR process involves not only adsorption but also subsequent nitrogen cleavage and hydrogenation,which still pose great challenge.Herein,through doping oxygen as a secondary heteroatom into nitrogen-doped carbon,a synergistic electronic promoting effect is triggered to boost ambient ammonia synthesis.The electronic structure and the polarity of adjacent carbon atoms are further optimized,significantly lowing the energy barrier of the overall nitrogen reduction process.As expected,the proof-of-concept oxygen-enriched nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst delivers a much enhanced performance compared to its counterpart,with an ammonia yield rate of 67.3μg h^(-1) mg^(-1) and the corresponding Faradaic efficiency of 36.2%at-0.2 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode.This study emphasizes the superiority of oxygen doping and sheds light on the rational design of heteroatom-modified carbon materials for artificial ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions.展开更多
Herein,a novel scheme is employed to develop ultra-sensitive luminescent thermometers and highbright luminescent inks for screen printing.We synthesize CaLa_(4)Si_(3)O_(13)(CLSO):Dy^(3+) by a traditional hightemperatu...Herein,a novel scheme is employed to develop ultra-sensitive luminescent thermometers and highbright luminescent inks for screen printing.We synthesize CaLa_(4)Si_(3)O_(13)(CLSO):Dy^(3+) by a traditional hightemperature solid-phase method and accurately predict its radiation properties using Judd–Ofelt(J–O)theory.On this basis,Eu^(3+) or Tb^(3+) ions with different radii are introduced into CLSO:Dy^(3+)to modify the crystal structure rigidity.The activation energies of CLSO:Dy^(3+),Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+),and Dy^(3+)/Tb^(3+) samples are calculated to be 0.256 eV,0.315 eV and 0.289 eV,respectively,which demonstrate that Eu^(3+)or Tb^(3+)enhances the structural stiffness,and thus,improves the thermal stability of materials.Simultaneously,the Debye temperature and thermal expansion coefficients as valuable parameters for structural stiffness also confirm the above-mentioned results.Furthermore,we propose a strategy in which the multiplication of LIRs based on multiple emission peaks with opposite thermal quenching properties follow a Boltzmanntype distribution,resulting in a dramatically increased relative sensitivity of CLSO:Dy^(3+),Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+),and Dy^(3+)/Tb^(3+) thermometers to 2.92%K−1,3.32%K−1 and 3.19%K−1,respectively.This work not only provides valuable insights into the development of superior temperature sensitive materials but also develops optical anti-counterfeiting technology based on screen printing.展开更多
Hybrid metal halides with nonlinear optical(NLO)and dielectric dual switching properties are a class of materials with great application prospects in the fields of optoelectronics and smart devices.However,effectively...Hybrid metal halides with nonlinear optical(NLO)and dielectric dual switching properties are a class of materials with great application prospects in the fields of optoelectronics and smart devices.However,effectively modifying and regulating molecular structures to obtain temperature-responsive NLO switching performance is still a challenge.Herein,we reported a strategy to modify symmetry by employing halogen substitution.Br with greater electronegativity reduced the symmetry from the centrosymmetric(Cl-MM)_(2)MnBr_(4)(1)to the noncentrosymmetric(Br-MM)_(2)MnBr_(4)(2).Therefore,the structure was enriched with NLO,and its NLO can be switched by the structural phase transition.Then it is natural that the reversible dielectric switches were triggered in both the lead-free compounds by the phase changes.In addition,they exhibit bright green fluorescence under ultraviolet light,and the photoluminescence quantum efficiency reaches 47.24%and 40.69%,respectively.These results indicate that the halogenmodification strategy has injected new vitality into the exploration of the development of multi-response materials with NLO and dielectric switching performance.展开更多
In this work,layered N-doped graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))porous nanosheets were successfully prepared by mixing the precursor of N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF)and urea through a simple one-step thermal copolymer...In this work,layered N-doped graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))porous nanosheets were successfully prepared by mixing the precursor of N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF)and urea through a simple one-step thermal copolymerization method.The doped-N plays a significant role in modifying the chemical and electronic structure of g-C_(3)N_(4),which can decrease the migration pathway of the charges and suppress the recombination of the photogenerated carriers based on experimental characterization data and the density functional theory(DFT)calculation results.Through nanostructure engineering design,the as-prepared photocatalyst exhibits promoted specific surface area and enhanced light absorption capacity.Consequently,the as-prepared N-doped porous g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheets yield about 14 times higher H_(2) evolution rate than pristine g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheets under visible light irradiation.The present study provides a simple and convenient method of nanostructure engineering for the synthesis of modified g-C_(3)N_(4) with excellent photocatalytic activity to meet the sustainable demand of energy.展开更多
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by Korean government(Nos.NRF-2022R1A4A1028747 and RS-2024-00344151).
文摘Achieving exact printing fidelity in polymer-based bone regeneration scaffolds through additive manufacturing,particularly those of dispensing-type,remains a significant challenge.During fabrication,scaffolds often deviate from the intended design geometry,which can negatively affect their performance.Additionally,achieving mechanical properties similar to natural bone in scaffolds remains challenging.Therefore,this study introduces the Hybrid Modified Cubic-Honeycomb Plate(hybrid MCHP)structure to improve printing fidelity and mechanical properties over previous bone regeneration scaffolds through innovative geometry design.This hybrid MCHP scaffold was inspired by cubic honeycomb and plate-lattice structures due to their excellent mechanical performance and well-optimized geometry,which ensure optimal printability.The effective elastic stiffness of the proposed structure and control group was predicted using a numerical Asymptotic Expansion Homogenization(AEH)model.Bone regeneration scaffolds were fabricated using Polycaprolactone(PCL)and a 3D printer with a Precision Extrusion Deposition(PED)system.Printing fidelity in manufactured scaffolds was then evaluated,resulting in a printing fidelity of 97.93±1.1%for the hybrid MCHP-structure scaffold(compared to 82.31±3.6%and 92.00±2.5%in the case of Kagome-structure and modified honeycomb(MHC)-structure scaffolds,which are the control groups).Mechanical testing of the hybrid MCHP-structure scaffold using a Universal Testing Machine(UTM)depicted similarity with 91.1%of the numerical estimated effective elastic stiffness(compared to 82.8%and 79.0%in the case of Kagome-structure and MHC-structure scaffolds,which serve as the control groups).The biological potential of the scaffolds was evaluated through in vitro studies using MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts.The CCK-8 assay showed significantly enhanced cell viability and proliferation on the hybrid MCHP scaffold at all time points(days 1,7,and 14),consistently outperforming the Kagome and MHC scaffolds.Additionally,immunofluorescence staining analysis revealed abundant focal adhesions and uniform nuclear distribution,highlighting the superior cytocompatibility and effective support for cellular activity of the hybrid MCHP scaffold.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12174455)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No.2023B1515040023)。
文摘Floquet engineering provides a powerful and flexible method for modifying the band structures of quantum materials.While circularly polarized light has been shown to convert curved nodal lines in three-dimensional semimetals into Weyl points,such a transformation is forbidden for an isolated straight nodal line.In this work,we uncover a dramatic shift in this paradigm when multiple straight nodal lines intersect.We observe that circularly polarized light not only gaps them into Weyl points but also induces unprecedented surface-state Fermi arcs that extend across the entire surface Brillouin zone and form a linked topological structure.These findings advance our fundamental understanding of light-driven transitions in topological semimetals and unveil a unique Weyl semimetal phase defined by linked Fermi arcs.We discuss potential exotic phenomena arising from this phase,applications of our predictions to spin-split antiferromagnets,and the extension of this Weyl semimetal phase to classical systems.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Youth Program,Nos.52204378 and No.22309209)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province in China(No.2023JJ40709).
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)show great potential in the field of electrochemical energy storage with the advantages of high safety,low cost and environmental friendliness.Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)are considered as the highly promising cathode materials for AZIBs because of their low cost and high voltage potential.Its excellent electrochemical performance and sustainable energy storage capability provide a new direction and opportunity for the development of AZIBs technology.The practical application of PBAs in AZIBs,however,is restrained by its unstable cycle life deriving from PBAs’inherent structure deficiencies and its dissolution in aqueous electrolyte.Based on the summary of series of literature,we will comprehensively introduce the PBAs as cathodes for AZIBs in this review.Firstly,some basic knowledge of PBAs is introduced,including structural characteristics,advantages and issues.Secondly,several commonly used modification methods to improve the properties of PBAs,as well as electrolytes to stabilize PBAs,are presented.Finally,the future research directions and commercial prospects of PBAs in AZIBs are proposed to encourage further exploration and promote technological innovation.
基金supported by the Project for Enhancing the Scientific Research and Innovation Capacity of Doctoral Students of the Education Department of Jilin Province(JJKH20250061BS).
文摘The emerging NIR-II imaging modality is promising for real-time visualization of living systems and multiple disease diagnoses,particularly through its enhanced tissue penetration and superior spatial resolution[1,2].Cyanine dyes possess the advantages of low administration dosage,high biocompatibility,and strong fluorescence emission intensity[3].Cyanine dyes can be easily structurally modified through molecular engineering methods,while the large hydrophobic conjugation systems hinder further in vivo imaging application.The traditional surfactant encapsulation strategy cannot effectively solve the aggregation caused-quenching issue of the dyes in aqueous solutions and may even mask their reaction active sites[4].Due to the special hydrophobic pocket to act as a probe carrier and the ability to serve as the pan-marker for multiple diseases,albumin is chosen as the preferred binding protein for cyanine dyes[5].Albumin interacts with cyanine dyes through a“hydrophobic pocket”and further improves its properties such as water solubility,biosafety,and fluorescence quantum yield.Cyanine dyes can modify the binding efficiency with albumin through structural design and regulate the targeting performance.This means that cyanine-tagged albumin can respond to pathological changes caused by different diseases and monitor the disease process in real time with high contrast through NIR-II fluorescence signals.Further development of cyanine-tagged albumin probes is helpful for in-depth comprehension of the binding mechanism and guiding the directed synthesis of cyanine molecules with specific protein binding behaviors and optical properties,thereby achieving precise targeting and high-performance NIR-II bioimaging of specific diseases.This point is essential for the design,preparation,and even clinical translation of NIR-II targeting dye molecules in precise diagnosis and treatment.
基金Project supported by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of Japan (No. 16206056)the Scientific Research Foundation for Talent Introduction (No. 113201-811132)
文摘Two experimental tests of three-storied reinforced concrete structural walls having large openings were performed.Based on an original macro model,a multiple modified macro-model was proposed to develop a simple method to design a reinforced concrete structural wall with large openings and various opening locations.The interaction between reinforcement ties and concrete struts formed along the perimeter of openings was neglected in the original model.However,the strut-and-tie node was proposed to take account of such interaction in the proposed model.The predicted behavior of two specimens using such a proposed model was compared with the experimental results.It is shown that the behavior of structural walls with large openings could be modeled well using the proposed model.Moreover,the study indicates that the proposed model is applicable even in cases of multi-story structural walls having large openings and various opening locations.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2021YFA0716100)the National Key Research and Development Program of China Project(Grant No.2018YFC0603502)+1 种基金the Henan Youth Science Fund Program(Grant No.212300410105)the provincial key R&D and promotion special project of Henan Province(Grant No.222102320279).
文摘Joint inversion is one of the most effective methods for reducing non-uniqueness for geophysical inversion.The current joint inversion methods can be divided into the structural consistency constraint and petrophysical consistency constraint methods,which are mutually independent.Currently,there is a need for joint inversion methods that can comprehensively consider the structural consistency constraints and petrophysical consistency constraints.This paper develops the structural similarity index(SSIM)as a new structural and petrophysical consistency constraint for the joint inversion of gravity and vertical gradient data.The SSIM constraint is in the form of a fraction,which may have analytical singularities.Therefore,converting the fractional form to the subtractive form can solve the problem of analytic singularity and finally form a modified structural consistency index of the joint inversion,which enhances the stability of the SSIM constraint applied to the joint inversion.Compared to the reconstructed results from the cross-gradient inversion,the proposed method presents good performance and stability.The SSIM algorithm is a new joint inversion method for petrophysical and structural constraints.It can promote the consistency of the recovered models from the distribution and the structure of the physical property values.Then,applications to synthetic data illustrate that the algorithm proposed in this paper can well process the synthetic data and acquire good reconstructed results.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20572034)
文摘A novel synthetic strategy for the construction of 4＇-spironucleosides via cascade radical translocation cyclization of N-allyl-N-（2＇-bromophenyl） amide moiety of 5＇-carboxylic nucleosides and the N-propynyl analogues is described. The conformationally restricted nucleosides herein synthesized are of potentially biological interests.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory Foundation(9140C350319140C35161)
文摘Metal particles such as aluminum（ Al）,magnesium（ Mg）,boron（ B） and nickel（ Ni）,as well as Mg/Al alloy（ Mg/Al = 3/4） are currently the most widely used ingredients in modified doublebase propellants. In this contribution,the combustion properties of the metal species are studied by means of the high-speed photography technique and the non-contact wavelet-based measurement of flame temperature distribution. The combustion process of the Al,Mg and Mg/Al samples shows both gas phase reaction and surface oxidation,which yield volatile and nonvolatile products,corresponding to the oxide and suboxide respectively. However,the combustion of B and Ni shows only gas phase reaction,due to their high melting point as well as high enthalpy of vaporization. In addition to the experiments,a hypothetical combustion model has been proposed to clarify the combustion characteristics of metal species in modified double-base propellants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(52100014 and 12274220)。
文摘Sonodynamic therapy(SDT)has emerged as a novel and highly researched advancement in the medical field.Traditional ultrasound contrast agents and novel bubble-shaped agents are used to stimulate cavitation and enhance SDT efficiency.However,the impact of artificially modified shell structures on the acoustic properties of microbubbles remains to be explored.Alternatively,in the absence of bubble-shaped agents,some clinically available organic sonosensitizers and advanced inorganic materials are also used to enhance the efficacy of SDT.Diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound can also activate cavitation bubbles,which supply energy to sonosensitive agents,leading to the production of cytotoxic free radicals to achieve therapeutic effects.While inorganic materials often spark controversy in clinical applications,their relatively simple structure enables researchers to gain insight into the mechanism by which SDT produces various free radicals.Some organic-inorganic hybrid sonosensitive systems have also been reported,combining the benefits of inorganic and organic sonosensitive agents.Alternatively,by employing cell surface modification engineering to enable cells to perform functions such as immune escape,drug loading,gas loading,and sonosensitivity,cellular sonosensitizers have also been developed.However,further exploration is needed on the acoustic properties,ability to generate reactive oxygen species(ROS),and potential clinical application of this cellular sonosensitizer.This review offers a comprehensive analysis of vesical microbubbles and nanoscale sonocatalysts,including organic,inorganic,combined organic-inorganic sonosensitizers,and cellular sonosensitizers.This analysis will enhance our understanding of SDT and demonstrate its important potential in transforming medical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51375009 and 11072106)
文摘Taking into account the nonlinearity of vehicle dynamics and the variations of vehicle parameters,the integrated control strategy for active front steering(AFS)and direct yaw control(DYC)that can maintain the performance and robustness is a key issue to be researched.Currently,the H∞method is widely applied to the integrated control of chassis dynamics,but it always sacrifices the performance in order to enhance the stability.The modified structure internal model robust control(MSIMC)obtained by modifying internal model control(IMC)structure is proposed for the integrated control of AFS and DYC to surmount the conflict between performance and robustness.Double lane change(DLC)simulation is developed to compare the performance and the stability of the MSIMC strategy,the PID controller based on the reference vehicle model and the H∞controller.Simulation results show that the PID controller may oscillate and go into instability in severe driving conditions because of large variations of tire parameters,the H∞controller sacrifices the performance in order to enhance the stability,and only the MSIMC controller can both ensure the robustness and the high performance of the integrated control of AFS and DYC.
文摘A new method of designing a variable structure controller for uncertain singular system is proposed in this paper. By introducing integral transformation, discontinuous control law is replaced by an approximately continuous one,and the switching frequency of the variable structure control is greatly reduced and the chattering which usually occurs is ordinary variable structure control system call be effectively suppressed.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51972133,51572102).
文摘The performance stability of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)is closely linked to the properties of the inner Helmholtz plane(IHP)at the zinc anode/electrolyte interface.Excessive reactive H_(2)O in the IHP significantly contributes to side reactions,including hydrogen evolution,passivation,and zinc dendrite formation.Here,a trace additive with abundant polar functional groups,thioacetamide(TAA),is introduced to modify the internal structure of the IHP and enhance the stability of zinc anodes.Both theoretical calculations and experiments demonstrate that TAA preferentially adsorbs onto the IHP at the zinc surface,reducing the decomposition of active H_(2)O and suppressing side reactions.TAA also facilitates the uniform deposition of Zn^(2+)ions on the(002)crystal plane,effectively preventing dendrite formation.Consequently,the addition of 10 mM TAA to the ZnSO4 electrolyte significantly boosts the reversibility of zinc,achieving an improvement of nearly 13 times compared to the pure ZnSO_(4) electrolyte.Furthermore,the Zn||V_(6)O_(13) full cells with the optimized electrolyte maintain excellent stability after 2000 cycles at 3 A g^(−1),surpassing the performance of the pure ZnSO4 electrolyte.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A20332,52103226,52202275,52203314,and 12204253)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.BK20220061)+2 种基金the Suzhou Foreign Academician Workstation(No.SWY2022001)the National Center for International Research on Intelligent Nano-Materials and Detection Technology in Environmental Protection(No.SDGH2107)the Fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M702382).
文摘The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)as an alternative approach to the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process for artificial ammonia synthesis has attracted extensive attention.Previous reports have suggested that metal-free electrocatalysts,such as nitrogen-doped carbon featuring modified electronic structure and charge polarization,are able to eliminate the nitrogen chemisorption barrier and achieve ammonia synthesis with a certain performance.However,the NRR process involves not only adsorption but also subsequent nitrogen cleavage and hydrogenation,which still pose great challenge.Herein,through doping oxygen as a secondary heteroatom into nitrogen-doped carbon,a synergistic electronic promoting effect is triggered to boost ambient ammonia synthesis.The electronic structure and the polarity of adjacent carbon atoms are further optimized,significantly lowing the energy barrier of the overall nitrogen reduction process.As expected,the proof-of-concept oxygen-enriched nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst delivers a much enhanced performance compared to its counterpart,with an ammonia yield rate of 67.3μg h^(-1) mg^(-1) and the corresponding Faradaic efficiency of 36.2%at-0.2 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode.This study emphasizes the superiority of oxygen doping and sheds light on the rational design of heteroatom-modified carbon materials for artificial ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12204401).
文摘Herein,a novel scheme is employed to develop ultra-sensitive luminescent thermometers and highbright luminescent inks for screen printing.We synthesize CaLa_(4)Si_(3)O_(13)(CLSO):Dy^(3+) by a traditional hightemperature solid-phase method and accurately predict its radiation properties using Judd–Ofelt(J–O)theory.On this basis,Eu^(3+) or Tb^(3+) ions with different radii are introduced into CLSO:Dy^(3+)to modify the crystal structure rigidity.The activation energies of CLSO:Dy^(3+),Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+),and Dy^(3+)/Tb^(3+) samples are calculated to be 0.256 eV,0.315 eV and 0.289 eV,respectively,which demonstrate that Eu^(3+)or Tb^(3+)enhances the structural stiffness,and thus,improves the thermal stability of materials.Simultaneously,the Debye temperature and thermal expansion coefficients as valuable parameters for structural stiffness also confirm the above-mentioned results.Furthermore,we propose a strategy in which the multiplication of LIRs based on multiple emission peaks with opposite thermal quenching properties follow a Boltzmanntype distribution,resulting in a dramatically increased relative sensitivity of CLSO:Dy^(3+),Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+),and Dy^(3+)/Tb^(3+) thermometers to 2.92%K−1,3.32%K−1 and 3.19%K−1,respectively.This work not only provides valuable insights into the development of superior temperature sensitive materials but also develops optical anti-counterfeiting technology based on screen printing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 21991141)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ20B010001)and Zhejiang Normal University.
文摘Hybrid metal halides with nonlinear optical(NLO)and dielectric dual switching properties are a class of materials with great application prospects in the fields of optoelectronics and smart devices.However,effectively modifying and regulating molecular structures to obtain temperature-responsive NLO switching performance is still a challenge.Herein,we reported a strategy to modify symmetry by employing halogen substitution.Br with greater electronegativity reduced the symmetry from the centrosymmetric(Cl-MM)_(2)MnBr_(4)(1)to the noncentrosymmetric(Br-MM)_(2)MnBr_(4)(2).Therefore,the structure was enriched with NLO,and its NLO can be switched by the structural phase transition.Then it is natural that the reversible dielectric switches were triggered in both the lead-free compounds by the phase changes.In addition,they exhibit bright green fluorescence under ultraviolet light,and the photoluminescence quantum efficiency reaches 47.24%and 40.69%,respectively.These results indicate that the halogenmodification strategy has injected new vitality into the exploration of the development of multi-response materials with NLO and dielectric switching performance.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21906072)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190982)+1 种基金Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology(China)(1062931806 and 1142931803)Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province(202102210055).
文摘In this work,layered N-doped graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))porous nanosheets were successfully prepared by mixing the precursor of N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF)and urea through a simple one-step thermal copolymerization method.The doped-N plays a significant role in modifying the chemical and electronic structure of g-C_(3)N_(4),which can decrease the migration pathway of the charges and suppress the recombination of the photogenerated carriers based on experimental characterization data and the density functional theory(DFT)calculation results.Through nanostructure engineering design,the as-prepared photocatalyst exhibits promoted specific surface area and enhanced light absorption capacity.Consequently,the as-prepared N-doped porous g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheets yield about 14 times higher H_(2) evolution rate than pristine g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheets under visible light irradiation.The present study provides a simple and convenient method of nanostructure engineering for the synthesis of modified g-C_(3)N_(4) with excellent photocatalytic activity to meet the sustainable demand of energy.
