Aim To investigate the plant origin and the identity of the red substance on the surface of Hong Dangshen, a unique medicinal material for diarrhea in Hong Kong. Methods The HPLC fingerprints and 5S rRNA gene spacer s...Aim To investigate the plant origin and the identity of the red substance on the surface of Hong Dangshen, a unique medicinal material for diarrhea in Hong Kong. Methods The HPLC fingerprints and 5S rRNA gene spacer sequences of Hong Dangshen were obtained and compared with those of genuine species of Radix Codonopsis. The X-ray diffraction spectrum of the red substance was analyzed and compared with that of Halloysitum fingerprints to the Codonopsis species and the highest similarity to Rubrum. Results Hong Dangshen showed very similar HPLC Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta in terms of 5S rRNA gene spacer sequences. The X-ray diffraction spectrum of the red substance was consistent with that of Halloysitum Rubrum. Conclusion The source plant of Hong Dangshen was suggested to be Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta, one of the genuine original plants of Radix Codonopsis （Dangshen） in the China Pharmacopoeia （2005 edition）. The red substance on the surface of Hong Dangshen was indicated to be Halloysitum Rubrum, a traditional medicinal mineral for chronic diarrhea. Our data suggest that Hong Dangshen is derived from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta which has been processed with Halloysitum Rubrum, and the name is suggested to be Radix Codonopsis Praeparata Halloysita Rubra.展开更多
The impact of climate warming on organisms is increasingly being recognized.The experimental evaluation of phenotypically plastic responses to warming is a critical step in understanding the biological effects and ada...The impact of climate warming on organisms is increasingly being recognized.The experimental evaluation of phenotypically plastic responses to warming is a critical step in understanding the biological effects and adaptive capacity of organisms to future climate warming.Oviparous Scincella modesta live in deeply-shaded habitats and they require low optimal temperatures during embryonic development,which makes them suitable subjects for testing the effects of warming on reproduction.We raised adult females and incubated their eggs under different thermal conditions that mimicked potential climate warming.Female reproduction,embryonic development and hatchling traits were monitored to evaluate the reproductive response to warming.Experimental warming induced females to lay eggs earlier,but it did not affect the developmental stage of embryos at oviposition or the reproductive output.The high temperatures experienced by gravid females during warming treatments reduced the incubation period and increased embryonic mortality.The locomotor performance of hatchlings was not affected by the maternal thermal environment,but it was affected by the warming treatment during embryonic development.Our results suggest that climate warming might have a profound effect on fitness-relevant traits both at embryonic and post-embryonic stages in oviparous lizards.展开更多
基金Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust (ProjectNo. HKJCICM-2-02R).
文摘Aim To investigate the plant origin and the identity of the red substance on the surface of Hong Dangshen, a unique medicinal material for diarrhea in Hong Kong. Methods The HPLC fingerprints and 5S rRNA gene spacer sequences of Hong Dangshen were obtained and compared with those of genuine species of Radix Codonopsis. The X-ray diffraction spectrum of the red substance was analyzed and compared with that of Halloysitum fingerprints to the Codonopsis species and the highest similarity to Rubrum. Results Hong Dangshen showed very similar HPLC Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta in terms of 5S rRNA gene spacer sequences. The X-ray diffraction spectrum of the red substance was consistent with that of Halloysitum Rubrum. Conclusion The source plant of Hong Dangshen was suggested to be Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta, one of the genuine original plants of Radix Codonopsis （Dangshen） in the China Pharmacopoeia （2005 edition）. The red substance on the surface of Hong Dangshen was indicated to be Halloysitum Rubrum, a traditional medicinal mineral for chronic diarrhea. Our data suggest that Hong Dangshen is derived from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta which has been processed with Halloysitum Rubrum, and the name is suggested to be Radix Codonopsis Praeparata Halloysita Rubra.
基金funded by grants from the National Science Foundation of China(No.30770274,31100275)the‘One Hundred Talents Program’of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe provincial government of Zhejiang for the Key Discipline of Zoology.
文摘The impact of climate warming on organisms is increasingly being recognized.The experimental evaluation of phenotypically plastic responses to warming is a critical step in understanding the biological effects and adaptive capacity of organisms to future climate warming.Oviparous Scincella modesta live in deeply-shaded habitats and they require low optimal temperatures during embryonic development,which makes them suitable subjects for testing the effects of warming on reproduction.We raised adult females and incubated their eggs under different thermal conditions that mimicked potential climate warming.Female reproduction,embryonic development and hatchling traits were monitored to evaluate the reproductive response to warming.Experimental warming induced females to lay eggs earlier,but it did not affect the developmental stage of embryos at oviposition or the reproductive output.The high temperatures experienced by gravid females during warming treatments reduced the incubation period and increased embryonic mortality.The locomotor performance of hatchlings was not affected by the maternal thermal environment,but it was affected by the warming treatment during embryonic development.Our results suggest that climate warming might have a profound effect on fitness-relevant traits both at embryonic and post-embryonic stages in oviparous lizards.
