The construction of ecological civilization is to firmly grasp the core purpose of harmonious coexistence between human and nature, and realize the sustainable coexistence and development of human and nature. In the n...The construction of ecological civilization is to firmly grasp the core purpose of harmonious coexistence between human and nature, and realize the sustainable coexistence and development of human and nature. In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, first, we should put the ecological civilization in a prominent position while building a modernized economy facing the deteriorating ecological environment. Second, we should correctly understand the dialectical relationship between the ecological civilization and the modernized economy. On the one hand, there is a contradictory relationship between the ecological civilization and the modernized economy. On the other hand, they are mutually unified. Therefore,we should put the ecological civilization construction in a prominent position, build a modernized economy under the guidance of the concept of ecological civilization, and alleviate the impact of economic development on the balance of ecosystems. Thus, it can promote a new leap in the harmonious development of human and nature. Third, if the economic development is not coordinated with ecological protection, there must be an unknown human crisis behind the prosperity of economy. Therefore, we should integrate the ecological civilization into the modernized economy and develop the economy on the premise of protecting ecological environment. What's more, there are three aspects needed to pay attention to. First, the establishment and improvement of eco-economic system with modern green development should be accelerated to provide a green development impetus for modernized economy. Next, the establishment and improvement of sci-tech innovation system with modern green development should be accelerated to provide scientific and technological support for the modern green economy system. Finally, the establishment and improvement of institutional constraint system with modern green development should be accelerated to provide institutional guarantee for the modernized economy.展开更多
Given the realistic situation of China as a developing country,the ultimate goal of our national construction is to develop itself into a modernized strong nation that enjoys prosperity,democracy,civilization and soci...Given the realistic situation of China as a developing country,the ultimate goal of our national construction is to develop itself into a modernized strong nation that enjoys prosperity,democracy,civilization and social harmony.In other words,MODERNIZATION is the long-term objective for the Chinese people.展开更多
Modern urban farm is an essential part of urban agriculture and is inevitable trend of social economic development of modern cities.Based on empirical study of Kunming City,this paper analyzed current situations and d...Modern urban farm is an essential part of urban agriculture and is inevitable trend of social economic development of modern cities.Based on empirical study of Kunming City,this paper analyzed current situations and difficulties of urban farming industry,explored development idea of urban farming industry,and came up with recommendations from institutional innovation,overall planning,property right reform,infrastructure construction,and talent team cultivation.展开更多
Based on the construction of an evaluation indictor system, this paper analyzes the modernization levels of 15 industries included in China’s five industry categories: energy, high-tech, medium high-tech, medium low-...Based on the construction of an evaluation indictor system, this paper analyzes the modernization levels of 15 industries included in China’s five industry categories: energy, high-tech, medium high-tech, medium low-tech and low-tech industries. Our research reaches five conclusions. First, the level of modernization of the shipbuilding, iron and steel, and petroleum industries has achieved 50% of the advanced level globally, and these three industries have covered half of the modernization process. Second, the level of industrial modernization of the electric power, computer manufacturing and textile industries has exceeded the overall level in China, and now approaches 50% of the advanced level globally. Third, the level of industrial modernization of the chemical industry is also higher than the whole level in China. Fourth, the modernization level of the cement, coal mining and lathe industries is the lowest. This level is under the Chinese overall level of industrial modernization, and has not achieved 30% of the advanced level globally, which is to say that these three industries have not covered a third of the modernization process. Lastly, the industrial modernization level of the pharmaceutical, telecommunication equipment, automobile, food and papermaking industries is equivalent to the whole level of Chinese industrial modernization, and has basically finished a third of the modernization course.展开更多
2021 is a year of special importance in China’s modernization process,since it is the first year of the 14 th Five-Year Plan and the start of a new journey to build a modern socialist country.In a period of five year...2021 is a year of special importance in China’s modernization process,since it is the first year of the 14 th Five-Year Plan and the start of a new journey to build a modern socialist country.In a period of five years,the Five-Year Plan specifies future direction for economic and social development in China,and is an important way for China to carry out development strategies and build consensus on development.展开更多
Discussions on Chinese modernization are offering African countries both conceptual inspiration and practical references as they explore their own sustainable development paths.
Far from being mere rhetoric or abstract theory,Chinese-style modernisation is a concrete reality best grasped through direct experience.Before arriving in China,my knowledge of Chinese modernisation was based mainly ...Far from being mere rhetoric or abstract theory,Chinese-style modernisation is a concrete reality best grasped through direct experience.Before arriving in China,my knowledge of Chinese modernisation was based mainly on reading,classroom education,and accounts from colleagues who had already travelled around the country.展开更多
The CPC Central Committee’s Recommendations for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development place rural revitalization as a priority within the overall framework of modernization,...The CPC Central Committee’s Recommendations for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development place rural revitalization as a priority within the overall framework of modernization,clearly stating that agricultural and rural modernization has a major bearing on Chinese modernization as a whole and the outcomes it delivers.展开更多
The great northern wilderness,known as Beidahuang in Chinese,refers to the extreme,northeastern region of China.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,hundreds of thousands of youngsters were sent to...The great northern wilderness,known as Beidahuang in Chinese,refers to the extreme,northeastern region of China.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,hundreds of thousands of youngsters were sent to the region to help the nascent nation ensure food security,and modernize its agricultural production.展开更多
China’s Most Beautiful Countryside Wuyuan Compiled by the Publicity Department of the CPC Wuyuan County Committee Price:RMB 268 Hardcover,226 pages Published by Foreign Languages Press AS one of the six counties of a...China’s Most Beautiful Countryside Wuyuan Compiled by the Publicity Department of the CPC Wuyuan County Committee Price:RMB 268 Hardcover,226 pages Published by Foreign Languages Press AS one of the six counties of ancient Huizhou,Wuyuan has been widely acclaimed as“China’s Most Beautiful Countryside”both at home and abroad.It owes its charm to a landscape shaped by deep-rooted rural cultural traditions and harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature.展开更多
On the stone-paved lanes of Songyang County that date back to ancient times,morning mist lingered as a faint fragrance of tea wafted from a century-old house.Inside,Yang Junjie,a tea maker born in the 1980s,worked def...On the stone-paved lanes of Songyang County that date back to ancient times,morning mist lingered as a faint fragrance of tea wafted from a century-old house.Inside,Yang Junjie,a tea maker born in the 1980s,worked deftly at the stove,his hands moving swiftly over the scorching iron wok as tender green tea leaves dance between his fingers.展开更多
Blending tradition with modern elements,Songyang’s tea industry attracts young entrepreneurs to revive culture and drive economic growth.SONGYANG has a long and rich history of tea cultivation and production.The coun...Blending tradition with modern elements,Songyang’s tea industry attracts young entrepreneurs to revive culture and drive economic growth.SONGYANG has a long and rich history of tea cultivation and production.The county became famous for its tea as early as the Three Kingdoms period(220-280).Today,this land is home to over 10,000 hectares of ecofriendly tea plantations.One in every three Songyang residents is involved in the tea industry,whose full industrial chain value now exceeds RMB 13.5 billion.展开更多
Prepared with concrete and pragmatic questions,members of a media delegation from the Republic of the Congo toured the cities of Yunfu and Zhaoqing in Guangdong Province from 16 to 22 November 2025.They visited produc...Prepared with concrete and pragmatic questions,members of a media delegation from the Republic of the Congo toured the cities of Yunfu and Zhaoqing in Guangdong Province from 16 to 22 November 2025.They visited production workshops,explored research institutes,toured beautiful villages and discovered archaeological sites,searching for the keys to Chinese modernisation in its many dimensions.展开更多
As silicon-based transistors face fundamental scaling limits,the search for breakthrough alternatives has led to innovations in 3D architectures,heterogeneous integration,and sub-3 nm semiconductor body thicknesses.Ho...As silicon-based transistors face fundamental scaling limits,the search for breakthrough alternatives has led to innovations in 3D architectures,heterogeneous integration,and sub-3 nm semiconductor body thicknesses.However,the true effectiveness of these advancements lies in the seamless integration of alternative semiconductors tailored for next-generation transistors.In this review,we highlight key advances that enhance both scalability and switching performance by leveraging emerging semiconductor materials.Among the most promising candidates are 2D van der Waals semiconductors,Mott insulators,and amorphous oxide semiconductors,which offer not only unique electrical properties but also low-power operation and high carrier mobility.Additionally,we explore the synergistic interactions between these novel semiconductors and advanced gate dielectrics,including high-K materials,ferroelectrics,and atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride layers.Beyond introducing these novel material configurations,we address critical challenges such as leakage current and long-term device reliability,which become increasingly crucial as transistors scale down to atomic dimensions.Through concrete examples showcasing the potential of these materials in transistors,we provide key insights into overcoming fundamental obstacles—such as device reliability,scaling down limitations,and extended applications in artificial intelligence—ultimately paving the way for the development of future transistor technologies.展开更多
Ganmai Dazao Decoction,originating from“Jin Gui Yao Lue”(Synopsis of the Golden Chamber),is a classical prescription for treating visceral agitation.Composed of three medicinal and edible substances-licorice(Gancao)...Ganmai Dazao Decoction,originating from“Jin Gui Yao Lue”(Synopsis of the Golden Chamber),is a classical prescription for treating visceral agitation.Composed of three medicinal and edible substances-licorice(Gancao),wheat(Xiaomai),and jujube(Dazao),it functions to nourish the heart and calm the mind,harmonize the middle burner and regulate Qi,and alleviate urgency and restlessness.As its clinical application has expanded from traditional emotional disorders to neurological,endocrine,and various psychosomatic diseases,establishing a scientifically precise quality control system and deeply elucidating its pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of action have become critical tasks.Modern analytical methods,typified by chromatography,spectroscopy,and their hyphenated techniques,with their high sensitivity,high resolution,and powerful substance characterization capabilities,have become the core driving force for standardizing the quality control and modernizing the clinical application research of this formula.This paper systematically reviews the progress of the aforementioned analytical techniques and chemometrics in interpreting the chemical composition,establishing fingerprint profiles,controlling process quality,and researching the pharmacodynamic material basis of Ganmai Dazao Decoction.Furthermore,it discusses integrated approaches combining analytical techniques with pharmacology and clinical medicine to reveal mechanisms of action and explore therapeutic biomarkers.Finally,it provides an outlook on future directions and challenges,including technological integration and innovation,standardization of whole-process quality control systems,and evidence-based research aimed at internationalization.展开更多
BEIJING,Feb.25(Xinhua)-In a territory more than twice the size of the European Union and where per capita GDP varies up to fourfold across provincia level regions,the challenge of modernizing China with the right solu...BEIJING,Feb.25(Xinhua)-In a territory more than twice the size of the European Union and where per capita GDP varies up to fourfold across provincia level regions,the challenge of modernizing China with the right solutions for diverse localities has become a test of governance wisdom.展开更多
In the training studio of the School of Architecture and Engineering at Xizang Vocational Technical College,Lhasa,Gyatso,a senior artist specializing in Tibetan-style architectural decorative painting,bent over to dem...In the training studio of the School of Architecture and Engineering at Xizang Vocational Technical College,Lhasa,Gyatso,a senior artist specializing in Tibetan-style architectural decorative painting,bent over to demonstrate a student how to paint.His left hand steadied the painting board,while his right hand held a brush pen to present the Tibetan-style painting technique of"blurring"-dipping the brush lightly into the pigment,spreading it from dark to light on the paper.The eight-petaled lotus,a symbol of auspiciousness,gradually took shape,blossoming with layers of vitality.展开更多
Educational cooperation,as the cornerstone and vanguard of people-to-people exchanges and practical cooperation between China and Africa,holds irreplaceable strategic significance for enhancing the quality of Africa&#...Educational cooperation,as the cornerstone and vanguard of people-to-people exchanges and practical cooperation between China and Africa,holds irreplaceable strategic significance for enhancing the quality of Africa's human capital and accelerating its structural transformation and modernization process.This paper employs“demand–supply–adaptation”as its core analytical framework and aims to systematically explore how the educational cooperation between China and Africa can serve Africa's goal of modernization more precisely and effectively.First,through reviewing and analyzing the domestic and international research literature,this paper clarifies the focus,paradigms,and shortcomings of existing research,identifying the knowledge contribution of this study.Second,utilizing detailed macro-level data,case studies,and comparative research methods,it comprehensively presents the multidimensional status,structural characteristics,and development trends of China–Africa educational cooperation in areas such as student exchanges,cooperative education,vocational and technical training,language and cultural exchange,and emerging digital education.This paper also deeply analyzes the pressing and specific demands placed on the education system by Africa's modernization development across key dimensions like economic diversification,industrialization,agricultural modernization,social governance upgrading,and digital transformation.Third,based on the cooperative principle of“Africa's needs and China's strengths,”this paper innovatively proposes systematic countermeasures and suggestions for constructing new,multi-level,high-quality,sustainable,and future-oriented pathways for China–Africa educational cooperation:(a)promoting the strategic focus of cooperation to extend from“hard infrastructure”support to empowering“soft infrastructure”;(b)deepening the integration of industry and education and school–enterprise collaboration to precisely align with Africa's industrial development needs;vigorously developing digital education and jointly building a smart education ecosystem to help Africa bridge the digital divide;(c)improving an evidence-based,third-party evaluation system for cooperative effectiveness and a full-process quality assurance system;and(d)promoting the collaborative participation of multiple actors including governments,schools,enterprises,think tanks,and social organizations to build a new cooperative pattern of coconstruction,co-governance,and shared benefits.展开更多
基金supported by The Education Innovation Fund of Postgraduate at Wuhan Institute of Technology (Grant No. CX2018217)
文摘The construction of ecological civilization is to firmly grasp the core purpose of harmonious coexistence between human and nature, and realize the sustainable coexistence and development of human and nature. In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, first, we should put the ecological civilization in a prominent position while building a modernized economy facing the deteriorating ecological environment. Second, we should correctly understand the dialectical relationship between the ecological civilization and the modernized economy. On the one hand, there is a contradictory relationship between the ecological civilization and the modernized economy. On the other hand, they are mutually unified. Therefore,we should put the ecological civilization construction in a prominent position, build a modernized economy under the guidance of the concept of ecological civilization, and alleviate the impact of economic development on the balance of ecosystems. Thus, it can promote a new leap in the harmonious development of human and nature. Third, if the economic development is not coordinated with ecological protection, there must be an unknown human crisis behind the prosperity of economy. Therefore, we should integrate the ecological civilization into the modernized economy and develop the economy on the premise of protecting ecological environment. What's more, there are three aspects needed to pay attention to. First, the establishment and improvement of eco-economic system with modern green development should be accelerated to provide a green development impetus for modernized economy. Next, the establishment and improvement of sci-tech innovation system with modern green development should be accelerated to provide scientific and technological support for the modern green economy system. Finally, the establishment and improvement of institutional constraint system with modern green development should be accelerated to provide institutional guarantee for the modernized economy.
文摘Given the realistic situation of China as a developing country,the ultimate goal of our national construction is to develop itself into a modernized strong nation that enjoys prosperity,democracy,civilization and social harmony.In other words,MODERNIZATION is the long-term objective for the Chinese people.
基金Supported by Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Yunnan Province(QN2013046)
文摘Modern urban farm is an essential part of urban agriculture and is inevitable trend of social economic development of modern cities.Based on empirical study of Kunming City,this paper analyzed current situations and difficulties of urban farming industry,explored development idea of urban farming industry,and came up with recommendations from institutional innovation,overall planning,property right reform,infrastructure construction,and talent team cultivation.
基金CASS major research program"Studies on national conditions of industrial powers and the strategy of national rejuvenation through industrialization."
文摘Based on the construction of an evaluation indictor system, this paper analyzes the modernization levels of 15 industries included in China’s five industry categories: energy, high-tech, medium high-tech, medium low-tech and low-tech industries. Our research reaches five conclusions. First, the level of modernization of the shipbuilding, iron and steel, and petroleum industries has achieved 50% of the advanced level globally, and these three industries have covered half of the modernization process. Second, the level of industrial modernization of the electric power, computer manufacturing and textile industries has exceeded the overall level in China, and now approaches 50% of the advanced level globally. Third, the level of industrial modernization of the chemical industry is also higher than the whole level in China. Fourth, the modernization level of the cement, coal mining and lathe industries is the lowest. This level is under the Chinese overall level of industrial modernization, and has not achieved 30% of the advanced level globally, which is to say that these three industries have not covered a third of the modernization process. Lastly, the industrial modernization level of the pharmaceutical, telecommunication equipment, automobile, food and papermaking industries is equivalent to the whole level of Chinese industrial modernization, and has basically finished a third of the modernization course.
文摘2021 is a year of special importance in China’s modernization process,since it is the first year of the 14 th Five-Year Plan and the start of a new journey to build a modern socialist country.In a period of five years,the Five-Year Plan specifies future direction for economic and social development in China,and is an important way for China to carry out development strategies and build consensus on development.
文摘Discussions on Chinese modernization are offering African countries both conceptual inspiration and practical references as they explore their own sustainable development paths.
文摘Far from being mere rhetoric or abstract theory,Chinese-style modernisation is a concrete reality best grasped through direct experience.Before arriving in China,my knowledge of Chinese modernisation was based mainly on reading,classroom education,and accounts from colleagues who had already travelled around the country.
文摘The CPC Central Committee’s Recommendations for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development place rural revitalization as a priority within the overall framework of modernization,clearly stating that agricultural and rural modernization has a major bearing on Chinese modernization as a whole and the outcomes it delivers.
文摘The great northern wilderness,known as Beidahuang in Chinese,refers to the extreme,northeastern region of China.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,hundreds of thousands of youngsters were sent to the region to help the nascent nation ensure food security,and modernize its agricultural production.
文摘China’s Most Beautiful Countryside Wuyuan Compiled by the Publicity Department of the CPC Wuyuan County Committee Price:RMB 268 Hardcover,226 pages Published by Foreign Languages Press AS one of the six counties of ancient Huizhou,Wuyuan has been widely acclaimed as“China’s Most Beautiful Countryside”both at home and abroad.It owes its charm to a landscape shaped by deep-rooted rural cultural traditions and harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature.
文摘On the stone-paved lanes of Songyang County that date back to ancient times,morning mist lingered as a faint fragrance of tea wafted from a century-old house.Inside,Yang Junjie,a tea maker born in the 1980s,worked deftly at the stove,his hands moving swiftly over the scorching iron wok as tender green tea leaves dance between his fingers.
文摘Blending tradition with modern elements,Songyang’s tea industry attracts young entrepreneurs to revive culture and drive economic growth.SONGYANG has a long and rich history of tea cultivation and production.The county became famous for its tea as early as the Three Kingdoms period(220-280).Today,this land is home to over 10,000 hectares of ecofriendly tea plantations.One in every three Songyang residents is involved in the tea industry,whose full industrial chain value now exceeds RMB 13.5 billion.
文摘Prepared with concrete and pragmatic questions,members of a media delegation from the Republic of the Congo toured the cities of Yunfu and Zhaoqing in Guangdong Province from 16 to 22 November 2025.They visited production workshops,explored research institutes,toured beautiful villages and discovered archaeological sites,searching for the keys to Chinese modernisation in its many dimensions.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT),South Korea(RS-2024-00421181)financially supported in part by National R&D Program(2021M3H4A3A02086430)through NRF(National Research Foundation of Korea)funded by Ministry of Science and ICT+2 种基金the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.GTL25021-210)The Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Institute of Engineering Research,and Soft Foundry Institute at Seoul National University provided research facilities for this workhe grant by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NSF)supported by the Korea government(MIST)(RS-2025-16903034)。
文摘As silicon-based transistors face fundamental scaling limits,the search for breakthrough alternatives has led to innovations in 3D architectures,heterogeneous integration,and sub-3 nm semiconductor body thicknesses.However,the true effectiveness of these advancements lies in the seamless integration of alternative semiconductors tailored for next-generation transistors.In this review,we highlight key advances that enhance both scalability and switching performance by leveraging emerging semiconductor materials.Among the most promising candidates are 2D van der Waals semiconductors,Mott insulators,and amorphous oxide semiconductors,which offer not only unique electrical properties but also low-power operation and high carrier mobility.Additionally,we explore the synergistic interactions between these novel semiconductors and advanced gate dielectrics,including high-K materials,ferroelectrics,and atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride layers.Beyond introducing these novel material configurations,we address critical challenges such as leakage current and long-term device reliability,which become increasingly crucial as transistors scale down to atomic dimensions.Through concrete examples showcasing the potential of these materials in transistors,we provide key insights into overcoming fundamental obstacles—such as device reliability,scaling down limitations,and extended applications in artificial intelligence—ultimately paving the way for the development of future transistor technologies.
文摘Ganmai Dazao Decoction,originating from“Jin Gui Yao Lue”(Synopsis of the Golden Chamber),is a classical prescription for treating visceral agitation.Composed of three medicinal and edible substances-licorice(Gancao),wheat(Xiaomai),and jujube(Dazao),it functions to nourish the heart and calm the mind,harmonize the middle burner and regulate Qi,and alleviate urgency and restlessness.As its clinical application has expanded from traditional emotional disorders to neurological,endocrine,and various psychosomatic diseases,establishing a scientifically precise quality control system and deeply elucidating its pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of action have become critical tasks.Modern analytical methods,typified by chromatography,spectroscopy,and their hyphenated techniques,with their high sensitivity,high resolution,and powerful substance characterization capabilities,have become the core driving force for standardizing the quality control and modernizing the clinical application research of this formula.This paper systematically reviews the progress of the aforementioned analytical techniques and chemometrics in interpreting the chemical composition,establishing fingerprint profiles,controlling process quality,and researching the pharmacodynamic material basis of Ganmai Dazao Decoction.Furthermore,it discusses integrated approaches combining analytical techniques with pharmacology and clinical medicine to reveal mechanisms of action and explore therapeutic biomarkers.Finally,it provides an outlook on future directions and challenges,including technological integration and innovation,standardization of whole-process quality control systems,and evidence-based research aimed at internationalization.
文摘BEIJING,Feb.25(Xinhua)-In a territory more than twice the size of the European Union and where per capita GDP varies up to fourfold across provincia level regions,the challenge of modernizing China with the right solutions for diverse localities has become a test of governance wisdom.
文摘In the training studio of the School of Architecture and Engineering at Xizang Vocational Technical College,Lhasa,Gyatso,a senior artist specializing in Tibetan-style architectural decorative painting,bent over to demonstrate a student how to paint.His left hand steadied the painting board,while his right hand held a brush pen to present the Tibetan-style painting technique of"blurring"-dipping the brush lightly into the pigment,spreading it from dark to light on the paper.The eight-petaled lotus,a symbol of auspiciousness,gradually took shape,blossoming with layers of vitality.
文摘Educational cooperation,as the cornerstone and vanguard of people-to-people exchanges and practical cooperation between China and Africa,holds irreplaceable strategic significance for enhancing the quality of Africa's human capital and accelerating its structural transformation and modernization process.This paper employs“demand–supply–adaptation”as its core analytical framework and aims to systematically explore how the educational cooperation between China and Africa can serve Africa's goal of modernization more precisely and effectively.First,through reviewing and analyzing the domestic and international research literature,this paper clarifies the focus,paradigms,and shortcomings of existing research,identifying the knowledge contribution of this study.Second,utilizing detailed macro-level data,case studies,and comparative research methods,it comprehensively presents the multidimensional status,structural characteristics,and development trends of China–Africa educational cooperation in areas such as student exchanges,cooperative education,vocational and technical training,language and cultural exchange,and emerging digital education.This paper also deeply analyzes the pressing and specific demands placed on the education system by Africa's modernization development across key dimensions like economic diversification,industrialization,agricultural modernization,social governance upgrading,and digital transformation.Third,based on the cooperative principle of“Africa's needs and China's strengths,”this paper innovatively proposes systematic countermeasures and suggestions for constructing new,multi-level,high-quality,sustainable,and future-oriented pathways for China–Africa educational cooperation:(a)promoting the strategic focus of cooperation to extend from“hard infrastructure”support to empowering“soft infrastructure”;(b)deepening the integration of industry and education and school–enterprise collaboration to precisely align with Africa's industrial development needs;vigorously developing digital education and jointly building a smart education ecosystem to help Africa bridge the digital divide;(c)improving an evidence-based,third-party evaluation system for cooperative effectiveness and a full-process quality assurance system;and(d)promoting the collaborative participation of multiple actors including governments,schools,enterprises,think tanks,and social organizations to build a new cooperative pattern of coconstruction,co-governance,and shared benefits.
