Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)was held in 2012,Xi Jinping,General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee,has spoken highly of master artisans and has noted the importance of carr...Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)was held in 2012,Xi Jinping,General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee,has spoken highly of master artisans and has noted the importance of carrying forward the spirit of model workers,hard work and craftsmanship.展开更多
Bonded labor,also known as debt slavery,has emerged as the predominant form of debt bondage in numerous developing economies.In the context of Pakistan,despite its legal prohibition,the practice is supported by an inf...Bonded labor,also known as debt slavery,has emerged as the predominant form of debt bondage in numerous developing economies.In the context of Pakistan,despite its legal prohibition,the practice is supported by an influential segment of society.This phenomenon is deeply rooted in a matrix of governmental failure,autocratic governance structures,pervasive social inequalities,and the systemic marginalization of specific communities.This study uses a distinctive dataset to scrutinize the statistical dynamics of bonded labor in Pakistan.Utilizing the Cox proportional hazards model,we investigate the likelihood of individuals resorting to debt bondage in Pakistan.Our analysis identifies a constellation of critical factors intimately linked with the profiles and household backgrounds of individuals entangled in debt bondage.These determinants encompass inherited familial wealth,acute health crises,unforeseeable catastrophic occurrences,household income levels,educational attainment,the burden of dependents,and the financial implications of dowry obligations.Furthermore,our research elucidates a significant association between the economic marginalization within labor markets and the wage disparities underscored and exacerbated by debt bondage contracts.展开更多
文摘Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)was held in 2012,Xi Jinping,General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee,has spoken highly of master artisans and has noted the importance of carrying forward the spirit of model workers,hard work and craftsmanship.
文摘Bonded labor,also known as debt slavery,has emerged as the predominant form of debt bondage in numerous developing economies.In the context of Pakistan,despite its legal prohibition,the practice is supported by an influential segment of society.This phenomenon is deeply rooted in a matrix of governmental failure,autocratic governance structures,pervasive social inequalities,and the systemic marginalization of specific communities.This study uses a distinctive dataset to scrutinize the statistical dynamics of bonded labor in Pakistan.Utilizing the Cox proportional hazards model,we investigate the likelihood of individuals resorting to debt bondage in Pakistan.Our analysis identifies a constellation of critical factors intimately linked with the profiles and household backgrounds of individuals entangled in debt bondage.These determinants encompass inherited familial wealth,acute health crises,unforeseeable catastrophic occurrences,household income levels,educational attainment,the burden of dependents,and the financial implications of dowry obligations.Furthermore,our research elucidates a significant association between the economic marginalization within labor markets and the wage disparities underscored and exacerbated by debt bondage contracts.
