Water scarcity and environment deterioration have become main constraints to sustainable economic and social development.Scientifically assessing Water Resources Carrying Capacity(WRCC)is essential for the optimal all...Water scarcity and environment deterioration have become main constraints to sustainable economic and social development.Scientifically assessing Water Resources Carrying Capacity(WRCC)is essential for the optimal allocation of regional water resources.The hilly area at the northern foot of Yanshan Mountains is a key water conservation zone and an important water source for Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei.Grasping the current status and temporal trends of water quality and WRCC in representative small watersheds within this region is crucial for supporting rational water resources allocation and environment protection efforts.This study focuses on Pingquan City,a typical watershed in northern Hebei Province.Firstly,evaluation index systems for surface water quality,groundwater quality and WRCC were estab-lished based on the Pressure-State-Response(PSR)framework.Then,comprehensive evaluations of water quality and WRCC at the sub-watershed scale were conducted using the Varying Fuzzy Pattern Recogni-tion(VFPR)model.Finally,the rationality of the evaluation results was verified,and future scenarios were projected.Results showed that:(1)The average comprehensive evaluation scores for surface water and groundwater quality in the sub-watersheds were 1.44 and 1.46,respectively,indicating that both met the national Class II water quality standard and reflected a high-quality water environment.(2)From 2010 to 2020,the region's WRCC steadily improved,with scores rising from 2.99 to 2.83 and an average of 2.90,suggesting effective water resources management in Pingquan City.(3)According to scenario-based predic-tion,WRCC may slightly decline between 2025 and 2030,reaching 2.92 and 2.94,respectively,relative to 2020 levels.Therefore,future efforts should focus on strengthening scientific management and promoting the efficient use of water resources.Proactive measures are necessary to mitigate emerging contradiction and ensure the long-term stability and sustainability of the water resources system in the region.The evalua-tion system and spatiotemporal evolution patterns proposed in this study can provide a scientific basis for refined water resource management and ecological conservation in similar hilly areas.展开更多
In this paper, we present a novel approach to model user request patterns in the World Wide Web. Instead of focusing on the user traffic for web pages, we capture the user interaction at the object level of the web pa...In this paper, we present a novel approach to model user request patterns in the World Wide Web. Instead of focusing on the user traffic for web pages, we capture the user interaction at the object level of the web pages. Our framework model consists of three sub-models: one for user file access, one for web pages, and one for storage servers. Web pages are assumed to consist of different types and sizes of objects, which are characterized using several categories: articles, media, and mosaics. The model is implemented with a discrete event simulation and then used to investigate the performance of our system over a variety of parameters in our model. Our performance measure of choice is mean response time and by varying the composition of web pages through our categories, we find that our framework model is able to capture a wide range of conditions that serve as a basis for generating a variety of user request patterns. In addition, we are able to establish a set of parameters that can be used as base cases. One of the goals of this research is for the framework model to be general enough that the parameters can be varied such that it can serve as input for investigating other distributed applications that require the generation of user request access patterns.展开更多
We present Turing pattern selection in a reaction-diffusion epidemic model under zero-flux boundary conditions. The value of this study is twofold. First, it establishes the amplitude equations for the excited modes, ...We present Turing pattern selection in a reaction-diffusion epidemic model under zero-flux boundary conditions. The value of this study is twofold. First, it establishes the amplitude equations for the excited modes, which determines the stability of amplitudes towards uniform and inhomogeneous perturbations. Second, it illustrates all five categories of Turing patterns close to the onset of Turing bifurcation via numerical simulations which indicates that the model dynamics exhibits complex pattern replication： on increasing the control parameter v, the sequence ＂H0 hexagons → H0-hexagon-stripe mixtures →stripes → Hπ-hexagon-stripe mixtures → Hπ hexagons＂ is observed. This may enrich the pattern dynamics in a diffusive epidemic model.展开更多
A water model and a high-speed video camera were utilized in the 300-t RH equipment to study the effect of steel flow patterns in a vacuum chamber on fast decarburization and a superior flow-pattern map was obtained d...A water model and a high-speed video camera were utilized in the 300-t RH equipment to study the effect of steel flow patterns in a vacuum chamber on fast decarburization and a superior flow-pattern map was obtained during the practical RH process. There are three flow patterns with different bubbling characteristics and steel surface states in the vacuum chamber： boiling pattern（BP）, transition pattern（TP）, and wave pattern（WP）. The effect of the liquid-steel level and the residence time of the steel in the chamber on flow patterns and decarburization reaction were investigated, respectively. The liquid-steel level significantly affected the flow-pattern transition from BP to WP, and the residence time and reaction area were crucial to evaluate the whole decarburization process rather than the circulation flow rate and mixing time. A superior flow-pattern map during the practical RH process showed that the steel flow pattern changed from BP to TP quickly, and then remained as TP until the end of decarburization.展开更多
Three series of sandbox modeling experiments were performed to study the fault-increment pattern in extensional basins. Experimental results showed that the tectonic action mode of boundaries and the shape of major bo...Three series of sandbox modeling experiments were performed to study the fault-increment pattern in extensional basins. Experimental results showed that the tectonic action mode of boundaries and the shape of major boundary faults control the formation and evolution of faults in extensional basins. In the process of extensional deformation, the increase in the number and length of faults was episodic, and every ＇episode＇ experienced three periods, strain-accumulation period, quick fault-increment period and strain-adjustment period. The more complex the shape of the boundary fault, the higher the strain increment each ＇episode＇ experienced. Different extensional modes resulted in different fault-increment patterns. The horizontal detachment extensional mode has the ＇linear＇ style of fault-increment pattern, while the extensional mode controlled by a listric fault has the ＇stepwise＇ style of fault-increment pattern, and the extensional mode controlled by a ramp-flat boundary fault has the ＇stepwise-linear＇ style of fault-increment pattern. These fault-increment patterns given above could provide a theoretical method of fault interpretation and fracture prediction in extensional basins.展开更多
In this paper, authors established a farmer crop selection model（FCS） for the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang of the Northeast China. With linking to the environmental policy integrated climate m...In this paper, authors established a farmer crop selection model（FCS） for the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang of the Northeast China. With linking to the environmental policy integrated climate model（EPIC）, the simulated results of FCS model for maize, rice and soybean were spatialized with 1 km×1 km grids to obtain cropping pattern. The reference map of spatial distribution for the three staple crops acquired by remote sensing imageries was applied to validate the simulated cropping pattern. The results showed that（1） the total simulation accuracy for the study area was 78.62%, which proved simulation method was applicable and feasible;（2） simulation accuracy for Jilin Province was the highest among the three provinces with a rate of 82.45% since its simple cropping system and not complex topography;（3） simulation accuracy for maize was the best among the three staple crops with a ratio of 81.14% because the study area is very suitable for maize growth. We hope this study could provide the reference for cropping pattern forecasting and decision-making.展开更多
Model driven architecture(MDA) is an evolutionary step in software development.Model transformation forms a key part of MDA.The transformation from computation independent model(CIM) to platform independent model(PIM)...Model driven architecture(MDA) is an evolutionary step in software development.Model transformation forms a key part of MDA.The transformation from computation independent model(CIM) to platform independent model(PIM) is the first step of the transformation.This paper proposes an approach for this transformation with pattern.In this approach, we take advantage of"reuse"from various standpoints.Feature model is used to describe the requirement of the application.This can help us bring"reuse"into effect at requirement level.Moreover we use pattern to transform CIM to PIM.This can help us bring"reuse"into effect at development level.Meanwhile, pattern was divided into four hierarchies.Different hierarchies of pattern are used to help us utilize reuse at different phase of development.From another standpoint, feature model describes the problem of a domain while pattern describe the problem across domains.This can help us reuse the element in and across domains.Finally, the detailed process of the transformation is given.展开更多
A systematic method for swimming control of the underwater snake-like robot is still lacking. We construct a simulation platform of the underwater snake-like robot swimming based on Kane's dynamic model and centra...A systematic method for swimming control of the underwater snake-like robot is still lacking. We construct a simulation platform of the underwater snake-like robot swimming based on Kane's dynamic model and central pattern generator(CPG). The partial velocity is deduced. The forces which contribute to dynamics are determined by Kane's approach. Hydrodynamic coefficients are determined by experiments. Then, we design a CPG-based control architecture implemented as the system of coupled nonlinear oscillators. The CPG, like its biological counterpart, can produce coordinated patterns of rhythmic activity while being modulated by simple control parameters. The relations between the CPG parameters and the speed of the underwater snake-like robot swimming are investigated. Swimming in a straight line, turning, and switching between swimming modes are implemented in our simulation platform to prove the feasibility of the proposed simulation platform. The results show that the simulation platform can imitate different swimming modes of the underwater snake-like robot.展开更多
The plan view pattern control theoretical models were simplified. Under the condition of constant volume for the plan view pattern compensation, the relation between the thickness and the length can be simplified to t...The plan view pattern control theoretical models were simplified. Under the condition of constant volume for the plan view pattern compensation, the relation between the thickness and the length can be simplified to the linearity in the segment for the plan view pattern control function. The compensation volume can be dispersed for easy calculation. By comparing the model calculation result with the actual result, it was concluded that the simplified model can be used for the online control process.展开更多
Based on the historical and RCP8.5 runs of the multi-model ensemble of 32 models participating in CMIP5, the present study evaluates the formation mechanisms for the patterns of changes in equatorial Pacific SST under...Based on the historical and RCP8.5 runs of the multi-model ensemble of 32 models participating in CMIP5, the present study evaluates the formation mechanisms for the patterns of changes in equatorial Pacific SST under global warming. Two features with complex formation processes, the zonal E1 Nifio-like pattern and the meridional equatorial peak warm- ing （EPW）, are investigated. The climatological evaporation is the main contributor to the E1 Nifio-like pattern, while the ocean dynamical thermostat effect plays a comparable negative role. The cloud-shortwave-radiation-SST feedback and the weakened Walker circulation play a small positive role in the E1 Nifio-like pattern. The processes associated with ocean dynamics are confined to the equator. The climatological evaporation is also the dominant contributor to the EPW pattern, as suggested in previous studies. However, the effects of some processes are inconsistent with previous studies. For example, changes in the zonal heat advection due to the weakened Walker circulation have a remarkable positive contribution to the EPW pattern, and changes in the shortwave radiation play a negative role in the EPW pattern.展开更多
This paper is devoted to establishing a critical value of the concentration of one intermediary reactant which determines whether pattern solutions of a class of Brusselator models exist or not.We introduce a new meth...This paper is devoted to establishing a critical value of the concentration of one intermediary reactant which determines whether pattern solutions of a class of Brusselator models exist or not.We introduce a new method to compute the degree index of the related linear operator so that the obtained sufficient conditions are easier to verify than those in the known references.The proofs mainly rely on Leray-Schauder degree theory,implicit function theorem and analytical techniques.展开更多
In this paper, various patterns of dielectric barrier glow discharge simulated by a phenomenological dynamic model are reported.The model is constructed based on the basic dynamic process of dielectric barrier glow di...In this paper, various patterns of dielectric barrier glow discharge simulated by a phenomenological dynamic model are reported.The model is constructed based on the basic dynamic process of dielectric barrier glow discharge and involves the voltage-transfer characteristic as well as the lateral inhibition effect.In simulations, different driving voltage profiles are applied to achieve one or two pulsed discharges in each half-period and the corresponding pattern evolution is investigated.The final stable patterns driven by a rectangular wave voltage organize simply as stationary striations or hexagonal lattices.The patterns driven by a multi-step wave appear to be much more complicated, with complementary striations,concentric rings and square superlattices observed.The evolutions of these patterns from the initial uniform state are described and it is found that the spreading of the inhibition effect plays a key role in these evolutions.The numerical simulations in the present work are in excellent accordance with previous experiments and fluid modeling.This dynamic model proves to be a convenient and promising approach to reproducing different pattern structures and pattern evolutions in dielectric barrier glow discharge systems.展开更多
Affected by thermal perturbation due to mantle uprising, the rheological structure of the lithosphere could be modified, which could lead to different rifting patterns from shelf to slope in a passive continental marg...Affected by thermal perturbation due to mantle uprising, the rheological structure of the lithosphere could be modified, which could lead to different rifting patterns from shelf to slope in a passive continental margin. From the observed deformation style on the northern South China Sea and analogue modeling experiments, we find that the rift zone located on the shelf is characterized by half grabens or simple grabens controlled mainly by long faults with large vertical offset, supposed to be formed with normal lithosphere extension. On the slope, where the lithosphere is very hot due to mantle upweUing and heating, composite grabens composed of symmetric grabens developed. The boundary and inner faults are all short with small vertical offset. Between the zones with very hot and normal lithosphere, composite half grabens composed of half grabens or asymmetric grabens formed, whose boundary faults are long with large vertical offset, while the inner faults are relatively short. Along with the thickness decrease of the brittle upper crust due to high temperature, the deformation becomes more sensitive to the shape of a pre-existing weakness zone and shows orientation variation along strike. When there was a bend in the pre-existing weakness zone, and the basal plate was pulled by a clockwise rotating stress, the strongest deformation always occurs along the middle segment and at the transition area from the middle to the eastern segments, which contributes to a hotter lithosphere in the middle segment, where the Baiyun （白云） sag formed.展开更多
Based on dominant degree of role model among the viewpoints for object oriented modeling process, it dissertates that role modeling is a modeling method for software pattern at knowledge level. After giving some examp...Based on dominant degree of role model among the viewpoints for object oriented modeling process, it dissertates that role modeling is a modeling method for software pattern at knowledge level. After giving some examples for modeling design pattern and analysis pattern at knowledge level using role model, it presents a process for refining design pattern from role model to class model and event trace diagram of UML. In this paper, we advocate the opinion that role modeling before object modeling of UML.展开更多
A chemostat model with maintenance energy and crossdiffusion is considered,and the formation of patterns is caused by the cross-diffusion. First, through linear stability analysis, the necessary conditions for the for...A chemostat model with maintenance energy and crossdiffusion is considered,and the formation of patterns is caused by the cross-diffusion. First, through linear stability analysis, the necessary conditions for the formation of the spatial patterns are given. Then numerical simulations by changing the values of crossdiffusions in the unstable domain are performed. The results showthat the cross-diffusion coefficient plays an important role in the formation of the pattern, and the different values of the crossdiffusion coefficients may lead to different types of pattern formation.展开更多
Objective: Neurons in the cochlear nucleus show different response patterns to the short tone bursts. Because of the limitations of animal experiments, it is hard to explore the principle. Therefore, using a model to ...Objective: Neurons in the cochlear nucleus show different response patterns to the short tone bursts. Because of the limitations of animal experiments, it is hard to explore the principle. Therefore, using a model to simulate CN neurons will be a feasible way. Methods: Based on the initial model mentioned in the previous study, we proposed an improved CN model in MATLAB R2012b. Results: By modifying the parameters of the model we found the interchanges among "primary-like", "chopper",and "onset" response patterns. Furthermore, we simulated the "pauser" response pattern by adding an extra input in our model. Conclusion: The results indicate that the synaptic integrations and the input modes can give rise to different characteristics of CN neurons, which eventually determine the response patterns of CN neurons.展开更多
Co-occurrence pattern of fish species plays an important role in understanding the spatio-temporal structure and the stability of fish community.Species coexistence may vary with time and space.The co-occurrence patte...Co-occurrence pattern of fish species plays an important role in understanding the spatio-temporal structure and the stability of fish community.Species coexistence may vary with time and space.The co-occurrence patterns of fish species were examined using the C-score under fixed-fixed null model for fish communities in spring and autumn over different years in the Haizhou Bay,China.The results showed that fish assemblages in the whole bay had non-random patterns in spring and autumn over different years.However,the fish co-occurrence patterns were different for the northern and southern fish assemblages in spring and autumn.The northern fish assemblage showed structured pattern,whereas the southern assemblage were randomly assembled in spring.The co-occurrence patterns of fish communities were relatively stable over different years,and the number of significant species pairs in northern assemblage was more than that in the southern assemblage.Environmental heterogeneity played an important role in determining the distributions of fish species that formed significant species pairs,which might affect the co-occurrence patterns of northern and southern assemblages further in the Haizhou Bay.展开更多
This paper proposes the novel computer aided volleyball training system based on pattern recognition model. In general the quality of volleyball training at the same time, we should strengthen coordination, mobile pow...This paper proposes the novel computer aided volleyball training system based on pattern recognition model. In general the quality of volleyball training at the same time, we should strengthen coordination, mobile power, quality training, strengthen mobile exercises, moving fast and flexible to overcome the sudden fall of soft volleyball on the defensive and pilling adverse, such practice can be used for mobile.Strengthen the strength training, enhance the strength of the upper and lower limbs, improve the team＇ s bounce and batting speed is conducive to compete for the advantage of the Internet, better undermine the defense. With the help of the proposed system, the training process will be more effective, and the performance will be verified in the later discussions.展开更多
The nitrogen (N) metabolic experiments were made to estimate separately amino acid requirements of 4348 weeks old layers for maintenance, for protein accretion to estabolish models to estimate digestible amino acid re...The nitrogen (N) metabolic experiments were made to estimate separately amino acid requirements of 4348 weeks old layers for maintenance, for protein accretion to estabolish models to estimate digestible amino acid requirements. The regression relationship of nitrogen retention vs amino acid intake was estimated for each amino acid by giving, at rate of N intake of 091, 052, 015 and 0007gkg-1 body-weight (W075) per d, the semi-synthetic diets was made specially deficient in one amino acid. From the regression coefficients, it was calculated that, for the accretion of 1 g protein, the dietary digestible amino acid requirements were (mg) Thr 631, Val 1004, Met 399, Ile 886, Leu 1143, Phe 632, Lys 870, His 205, Arg 879, Trp 214, Met+Cys 776, and Phe+Tyr 1143. Daily amino acid requirements for N equilibrium were estimated to be (mgkg-1W075 per day) Thr 506, Val 747, Met 303, ILe 667 Leu 814, Phe 448, Lys 605 His 147, Arg 739 ,Trp 173, Met+Cys 586, and Phe+Tyr 839 The dietary degestible amino acid patterns for protein accretion and N equilibrium were also proposed. The models of estimating digestible amino acid requirements for the different productions were developed.展开更多
Recently, the National Typhoon Center （NTC） at the Korea Meteorological Administration launched a track-pattern-based model that predicts the horizontal distribution of tropical cyclone （TC） track density from Jun...Recently, the National Typhoon Center （NTC） at the Korea Meteorological Administration launched a track-pattern-based model that predicts the horizontal distribution of tropical cyclone （TC） track density from June to October. This model is the first approach to target seasonal TC track clusters covering the entire western North Pacific （WNP） basin, and may represent a milestone for seasonal TC forecasting, using a simple statistical method that can be applied at weather operation centers. In this note, we describe the procedure of the track-pattern-based model with brief technical background to provide practical information on the use and operation of the model. The model comprises three major steps. First, long-term data of WNP TC tracks reveal seven climatological track clusters. Second, the TC counts for each cluster are predicted using a hybrid statistical-dynamical method, using the seasonal prediction of large-scale environments. Third, the final forecast map of track density is constructed by merging the spatial probabilities of the seven clusters and applying necessary bias corrections. Although the model is developed to issue the seasonal forecast in mid-May, it can be applied to alternative dates and target seasons following the procedure described in this note. Work continues on establishing an automatic system for this model at the NTC.展开更多
基金financially supported by China Geological Survey Project(No.DD20220954)Open Funding Project of the Key Laboratory of Groundwater Sciences and Engineering,Ministry of Natural Resources(No.SK202301-4)+2 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of Comprehensive Survey&Command Center for Natural Resources(No.KC20240003)Yanzhao Shanshui Science and Innovation Fund of Langfang Integrated Natural Resources Survey Center,China Geological Survey(No.YZSSJJ202401-001)Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Coupling Process and Effect of Natural Resources Elements(No.2022KFKTC009).
文摘Water scarcity and environment deterioration have become main constraints to sustainable economic and social development.Scientifically assessing Water Resources Carrying Capacity(WRCC)is essential for the optimal allocation of regional water resources.The hilly area at the northern foot of Yanshan Mountains is a key water conservation zone and an important water source for Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei.Grasping the current status and temporal trends of water quality and WRCC in representative small watersheds within this region is crucial for supporting rational water resources allocation and environment protection efforts.This study focuses on Pingquan City,a typical watershed in northern Hebei Province.Firstly,evaluation index systems for surface water quality,groundwater quality and WRCC were estab-lished based on the Pressure-State-Response(PSR)framework.Then,comprehensive evaluations of water quality and WRCC at the sub-watershed scale were conducted using the Varying Fuzzy Pattern Recogni-tion(VFPR)model.Finally,the rationality of the evaluation results was verified,and future scenarios were projected.Results showed that:(1)The average comprehensive evaluation scores for surface water and groundwater quality in the sub-watersheds were 1.44 and 1.46,respectively,indicating that both met the national Class II water quality standard and reflected a high-quality water environment.(2)From 2010 to 2020,the region's WRCC steadily improved,with scores rising from 2.99 to 2.83 and an average of 2.90,suggesting effective water resources management in Pingquan City.(3)According to scenario-based predic-tion,WRCC may slightly decline between 2025 and 2030,reaching 2.92 and 2.94,respectively,relative to 2020 levels.Therefore,future efforts should focus on strengthening scientific management and promoting the efficient use of water resources.Proactive measures are necessary to mitigate emerging contradiction and ensure the long-term stability and sustainability of the water resources system in the region.The evalua-tion system and spatiotemporal evolution patterns proposed in this study can provide a scientific basis for refined water resource management and ecological conservation in similar hilly areas.
文摘In this paper, we present a novel approach to model user request patterns in the World Wide Web. Instead of focusing on the user traffic for web pages, we capture the user interaction at the object level of the web pages. Our framework model consists of three sub-models: one for user file access, one for web pages, and one for storage servers. Web pages are assumed to consist of different types and sizes of objects, which are characterized using several categories: articles, media, and mosaics. The model is implemented with a discrete event simulation and then used to investigate the performance of our system over a variety of parameters in our model. Our performance measure of choice is mean response time and by varying the composition of web pages through our categories, we find that our framework model is able to capture a wide range of conditions that serve as a basis for generating a variety of user request patterns. In addition, we are able to establish a set of parameters that can be used as base cases. One of the goals of this research is for the framework model to be general enough that the parameters can be varied such that it can serve as input for investigating other distributed applications that require the generation of user request access patterns.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China (Grant No.Y7080041)
文摘We present Turing pattern selection in a reaction-diffusion epidemic model under zero-flux boundary conditions. The value of this study is twofold. First, it establishes the amplitude equations for the excited modes, which determines the stability of amplitudes towards uniform and inhomogeneous perturbations. Second, it illustrates all five categories of Turing patterns close to the onset of Turing bifurcation via numerical simulations which indicates that the model dynamics exhibits complex pattern replication： on increasing the control parameter v, the sequence ＂H0 hexagons → H0-hexagon-stripe mixtures →stripes → Hπ-hexagon-stripe mixtures → Hπ hexagons＂ is observed. This may enrich the pattern dynamics in a diffusive epidemic model.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51704203)the PhD Early Development Program of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology (Nos. 20152008, 20152013, and 20152018)+2 种基金Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths (No. 201601D202027)Key Project of Research and Development Plan of Shanxi Province (Nos. 201603D111004 and 201603D121010)NSFC-Shanxi Coal Based Low Carbon Joint Fund (No. U1510131)
文摘A water model and a high-speed video camera were utilized in the 300-t RH equipment to study the effect of steel flow patterns in a vacuum chamber on fast decarburization and a superior flow-pattern map was obtained during the practical RH process. There are three flow patterns with different bubbling characteristics and steel surface states in the vacuum chamber： boiling pattern（BP）, transition pattern（TP）, and wave pattern（WP）. The effect of the liquid-steel level and the residence time of the steel in the chamber on flow patterns and decarburization reaction were investigated, respectively. The liquid-steel level significantly affected the flow-pattern transition from BP to WP, and the residence time and reaction area were crucial to evaluate the whole decarburization process rather than the circulation flow rate and mixing time. A superior flow-pattern map during the practical RH process showed that the steel flow pattern changed from BP to TP quickly, and then remained as TP until the end of decarburization.
文摘Three series of sandbox modeling experiments were performed to study the fault-increment pattern in extensional basins. Experimental results showed that the tectonic action mode of boundaries and the shape of major boundary faults control the formation and evolution of faults in extensional basins. In the process of extensional deformation, the increase in the number and length of faults was episodic, and every ＇episode＇ experienced three periods, strain-accumulation period, quick fault-increment period and strain-adjustment period. The more complex the shape of the boundary fault, the higher the strain increment each ＇episode＇ experienced. Different extensional modes resulted in different fault-increment patterns. The horizontal detachment extensional mode has the ＇linear＇ style of fault-increment pattern, while the extensional mode controlled by a listric fault has the ＇stepwise＇ style of fault-increment pattern, and the extensional mode controlled by a ramp-flat boundary fault has the ＇stepwise-linear＇ style of fault-increment pattern. These fault-increment patterns given above could provide a theoretical method of fault interpretation and fracture prediction in extensional basins.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41001049, 2011–2013)the China Regional Arable Land Resources Changes and its Warning-A Case Study in Northeast China, Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2004DIB3J092, 2003–2008)
文摘In this paper, authors established a farmer crop selection model（FCS） for the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang of the Northeast China. With linking to the environmental policy integrated climate model（EPIC）, the simulated results of FCS model for maize, rice and soybean were spatialized with 1 km×1 km grids to obtain cropping pattern. The reference map of spatial distribution for the three staple crops acquired by remote sensing imageries was applied to validate the simulated cropping pattern. The results showed that（1） the total simulation accuracy for the study area was 78.62%, which proved simulation method was applicable and feasible;（2） simulation accuracy for Jilin Province was the highest among the three provinces with a rate of 82.45% since its simple cropping system and not complex topography;（3） simulation accuracy for maize was the best among the three staple crops with a ratio of 81.14% because the study area is very suitable for maize growth. We hope this study could provide the reference for cropping pattern forecasting and decision-making.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.601730301)the National BasicResearch Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No.2002CB312001)
文摘Model driven architecture(MDA) is an evolutionary step in software development.Model transformation forms a key part of MDA.The transformation from computation independent model(CIM) to platform independent model(PIM) is the first step of the transformation.This paper proposes an approach for this transformation with pattern.In this approach, we take advantage of"reuse"from various standpoints.Feature model is used to describe the requirement of the application.This can help us bring"reuse"into effect at requirement level.Moreover we use pattern to transform CIM to PIM.This can help us bring"reuse"into effect at development level.Meanwhile, pattern was divided into four hierarchies.Different hierarchies of pattern are used to help us utilize reuse at different phase of development.From another standpoint, feature model describes the problem of a domain while pattern describe the problem across domains.This can help us reuse the element in and across domains.Finally, the detailed process of the transformation is given.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51009091)the Special Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20100073120016)
文摘A systematic method for swimming control of the underwater snake-like robot is still lacking. We construct a simulation platform of the underwater snake-like robot swimming based on Kane's dynamic model and central pattern generator(CPG). The partial velocity is deduced. The forces which contribute to dynamics are determined by Kane's approach. Hydrodynamic coefficients are determined by experiments. Then, we design a CPG-based control architecture implemented as the system of coupled nonlinear oscillators. The CPG, like its biological counterpart, can produce coordinated patterns of rhythmic activity while being modulated by simple control parameters. The relations between the CPG parameters and the speed of the underwater snake-like robot swimming are investigated. Swimming in a straight line, turning, and switching between swimming modes are implemented in our simulation platform to prove the feasibility of the proposed simulation platform. The results show that the simulation platform can imitate different swimming modes of the underwater snake-like robot.
基金Item Sponsored by National Economy Trade Committee Foundation(ZZ0113A040201)
文摘The plan view pattern control theoretical models were simplified. Under the condition of constant volume for the plan view pattern compensation, the relation between the thickness and the length can be simplified to the linearity in the segment for the plan view pattern control function. The compensation volume can be dispersed for easy calculation. By comparing the model calculation result with the actual result, it was concluded that the simplified model can be used for the online control process.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2014CB953903 and 2012CB955604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41575088 and 41461164005)
文摘Based on the historical and RCP8.5 runs of the multi-model ensemble of 32 models participating in CMIP5, the present study evaluates the formation mechanisms for the patterns of changes in equatorial Pacific SST under global warming. Two features with complex formation processes, the zonal E1 Nifio-like pattern and the meridional equatorial peak warm- ing （EPW）, are investigated. The climatological evaporation is the main contributor to the E1 Nifio-like pattern, while the ocean dynamical thermostat effect plays a comparable negative role. The cloud-shortwave-radiation-SST feedback and the weakened Walker circulation play a small positive role in the E1 Nifio-like pattern. The processes associated with ocean dynamics are confined to the equator. The climatological evaporation is also the dominant contributor to the EPW pattern, as suggested in previous studies. However, the effects of some processes are inconsistent with previous studies. For example, changes in the zonal heat advection due to the weakened Walker circulation have a remarkable positive contribution to the EPW pattern, and changes in the shortwave radiation play a negative role in the EPW pattern.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11671359)the Science Foundation of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University under Grant No.15062173-Ysupported by the provincial Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang(LY16A010009)
文摘This paper is devoted to establishing a critical value of the concentration of one intermediary reactant which determines whether pattern solutions of a class of Brusselator models exist or not.We introduce a new method to compute the degree index of the related linear operator so that the obtained sufficient conditions are easier to verify than those in the known references.The proofs mainly rely on Leray-Schauder degree theory,implicit function theorem and analytical techniques.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.11875238, 11305156)the Science Challenge Project (No.TZ2016001)
文摘In this paper, various patterns of dielectric barrier glow discharge simulated by a phenomenological dynamic model are reported.The model is constructed based on the basic dynamic process of dielectric barrier glow discharge and involves the voltage-transfer characteristic as well as the lateral inhibition effect.In simulations, different driving voltage profiles are applied to achieve one or two pulsed discharges in each half-period and the corresponding pattern evolution is investigated.The final stable patterns driven by a rectangular wave voltage organize simply as stationary striations or hexagonal lattices.The patterns driven by a multi-step wave appear to be much more complicated, with complementary striations,concentric rings and square superlattices observed.The evolutions of these patterns from the initial uniform state are described and it is found that the spreading of the inhibition effect plays a key role in these evolutions.The numerical simulations in the present work are in excellent accordance with previous experiments and fluid modeling.This dynamic model proves to be a convenient and promising approach to reproducing different pattern structures and pattern evolutions in dielectric barrier glow discharge systems.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Pro-gram of China (Nos. 2009CB219401, 2007CB41170405)the CAS Key Innovation Program (No. KZCX3-SW-234-1)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40876026, 40576027)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, CAS (No. LYQY200704)the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, CAS
文摘Affected by thermal perturbation due to mantle uprising, the rheological structure of the lithosphere could be modified, which could lead to different rifting patterns from shelf to slope in a passive continental margin. From the observed deformation style on the northern South China Sea and analogue modeling experiments, we find that the rift zone located on the shelf is characterized by half grabens or simple grabens controlled mainly by long faults with large vertical offset, supposed to be formed with normal lithosphere extension. On the slope, where the lithosphere is very hot due to mantle upweUing and heating, composite grabens composed of symmetric grabens developed. The boundary and inner faults are all short with small vertical offset. Between the zones with very hot and normal lithosphere, composite half grabens composed of half grabens or asymmetric grabens formed, whose boundary faults are long with large vertical offset, while the inner faults are relatively short. Along with the thickness decrease of the brittle upper crust due to high temperature, the deformation becomes more sensitive to the shape of a pre-existing weakness zone and shows orientation variation along strike. When there was a bend in the pre-existing weakness zone, and the basal plate was pulled by a clockwise rotating stress, the strongest deformation always occurs along the middle segment and at the transition area from the middle to the eastern segments, which contributes to a hotter lithosphere in the middle segment, where the Baiyun （白云） sag formed.
基金The research has gained the stake of Middleware Software Division of Software Group of F ujitsu L imitedJapanThe Project T
文摘Based on dominant degree of role model among the viewpoints for object oriented modeling process, it dissertates that role modeling is a modeling method for software pattern at knowledge level. After giving some examples for modeling design pattern and analysis pattern at knowledge level using role model, it presents a process for refining design pattern from role model to class model and event trace diagram of UML. In this paper, we advocate the opinion that role modeling before object modeling of UML.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11571227)
文摘A chemostat model with maintenance energy and crossdiffusion is considered,and the formation of patterns is caused by the cross-diffusion. First, through linear stability analysis, the necessary conditions for the formation of the spatial patterns are given. Then numerical simulations by changing the values of crossdiffusions in the unstable domain are performed. The results showthat the cross-diffusion coefficient plays an important role in the formation of the pattern, and the different values of the crossdiffusion coefficients may lead to different types of pattern formation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of Chinagrant number:31171059
文摘Objective: Neurons in the cochlear nucleus show different response patterns to the short tone bursts. Because of the limitations of animal experiments, it is hard to explore the principle. Therefore, using a model to simulate CN neurons will be a feasible way. Methods: Based on the initial model mentioned in the previous study, we proposed an improved CN model in MATLAB R2012b. Results: By modifying the parameters of the model we found the interchanges among "primary-like", "chopper",and "onset" response patterns. Furthermore, we simulated the "pauser" response pattern by adding an extra input in our model. Conclusion: The results indicate that the synaptic integrations and the input modes can give rise to different characteristics of CN neurons, which eventually determine the response patterns of CN neurons.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31772852)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. 2015 62030, 201612004)the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean (No. 201305030)
文摘Co-occurrence pattern of fish species plays an important role in understanding the spatio-temporal structure and the stability of fish community.Species coexistence may vary with time and space.The co-occurrence patterns of fish species were examined using the C-score under fixed-fixed null model for fish communities in spring and autumn over different years in the Haizhou Bay,China.The results showed that fish assemblages in the whole bay had non-random patterns in spring and autumn over different years.However,the fish co-occurrence patterns were different for the northern and southern fish assemblages in spring and autumn.The northern fish assemblage showed structured pattern,whereas the southern assemblage were randomly assembled in spring.The co-occurrence patterns of fish communities were relatively stable over different years,and the number of significant species pairs in northern assemblage was more than that in the southern assemblage.Environmental heterogeneity played an important role in determining the distributions of fish species that formed significant species pairs,which might affect the co-occurrence patterns of northern and southern assemblages further in the Haizhou Bay.
文摘This paper proposes the novel computer aided volleyball training system based on pattern recognition model. In general the quality of volleyball training at the same time, we should strengthen coordination, mobile power, quality training, strengthen mobile exercises, moving fast and flexible to overcome the sudden fall of soft volleyball on the defensive and pilling adverse, such practice can be used for mobile.Strengthen the strength training, enhance the strength of the upper and lower limbs, improve the team＇ s bounce and batting speed is conducive to compete for the advantage of the Internet, better undermine the defense. With the help of the proposed system, the training process will be more effective, and the performance will be verified in the later discussions.
文摘The nitrogen (N) metabolic experiments were made to estimate separately amino acid requirements of 4348 weeks old layers for maintenance, for protein accretion to estabolish models to estimate digestible amino acid requirements. The regression relationship of nitrogen retention vs amino acid intake was estimated for each amino acid by giving, at rate of N intake of 091, 052, 015 and 0007gkg-1 body-weight (W075) per d, the semi-synthetic diets was made specially deficient in one amino acid. From the regression coefficients, it was calculated that, for the accretion of 1 g protein, the dietary digestible amino acid requirements were (mg) Thr 631, Val 1004, Met 399, Ile 886, Leu 1143, Phe 632, Lys 870, His 205, Arg 879, Trp 214, Met+Cys 776, and Phe+Tyr 1143. Daily amino acid requirements for N equilibrium were estimated to be (mgkg-1W075 per day) Thr 506, Val 747, Met 303, ILe 667 Leu 814, Phe 448, Lys 605 His 147, Arg 739 ,Trp 173, Met+Cys 586, and Phe+Tyr 839 The dietary degestible amino acid patterns for protein accretion and N equilibrium were also proposed. The models of estimating digestible amino acid requirements for the different productions were developed.
基金funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2012-2040supported by the BK21 project of the Korean government
文摘Recently, the National Typhoon Center （NTC） at the Korea Meteorological Administration launched a track-pattern-based model that predicts the horizontal distribution of tropical cyclone （TC） track density from June to October. This model is the first approach to target seasonal TC track clusters covering the entire western North Pacific （WNP） basin, and may represent a milestone for seasonal TC forecasting, using a simple statistical method that can be applied at weather operation centers. In this note, we describe the procedure of the track-pattern-based model with brief technical background to provide practical information on the use and operation of the model. The model comprises three major steps. First, long-term data of WNP TC tracks reveal seven climatological track clusters. Second, the TC counts for each cluster are predicted using a hybrid statistical-dynamical method, using the seasonal prediction of large-scale environments. Third, the final forecast map of track density is constructed by merging the spatial probabilities of the seven clusters and applying necessary bias corrections. Although the model is developed to issue the seasonal forecast in mid-May, it can be applied to alternative dates and target seasons following the procedure described in this note. Work continues on establishing an automatic system for this model at the NTC.
