Domain analysis is essential to core assets development in software product line engineering. Most existing approaches, however, depend on domain experts’ experience to analyze the commonality and variability of syst...Domain analysis is essential to core assets development in software product line engineering. Most existing approaches, however, depend on domain experts’ experience to analyze the commonality and variability of systems in a domain, which remains a manual and intensive process. This paper addresses the issue by proposing a model-driven approach to automating the domain requirements derivation process. The paper focuses on the match between the use cases of existing individual products and the domain functional requirements of a product line. By introducing a set of linguistic description dimensions to differentiate the sub-variations in a use case, the use case template is extended to model variability. To this end, a transformation process is formulated to sustain and deduce the information in use cases, and to match it to domain functional requirements. This paper also presents a prototype which implements the derivation as a model transformation described in a graphical model transformation language MOLA. This approach complements existing domain analysis techniques with less manual operation cost and more efficiency by automating the domain functional requirements development.展开更多
Objective: to consider the clinical application of case management mode during the clinical nursing intervention for breast cancer patients. Methods: we selected 80 patients (ER) received during May, 2020- June, 2021,...Objective: to consider the clinical application of case management mode during the clinical nursing intervention for breast cancer patients. Methods: we selected 80 patients (ER) received during May, 2020- June, 2021, and divided them into 2 groups, namely, the experimental group (case management mode, n=40 cases) and the control group (general management mode, n=40 cases), comparing clinical compliance and clinical knowledge of 2 patients. Results: in the 2 groups, the clinical compliance and relevant knowledge of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group, and had statistical advantages (P <0.05).Conclusion: for the postoperative adjuvant treatment of breast cancer patients, the implementation of case management mode is beneficial to enhance the clinical compliance of patients and promote patients to fully master the disease knowledge, which has certain guiding significance for strengthening disease management, prolonging patient survival and enhancing patient quality of life.展开更多
The mechanical behaviour of a quasi-brittle material,i.e.Pietra Serena sandstone,was investigated both numerically and experimentally in order to build a reliable numerical modelling system applicable to more complex ...The mechanical behaviour of a quasi-brittle material,i.e.Pietra Serena sandstone,was investigated both numerically and experimentally in order to build a reliable numerical modelling system applicable to more complex cases.The Karagozian and Case concrete(KCC)model was exploited as the material constitutive law and a new method to utilise this model for efficient and accurate simulation of quasibrittle materials is discussed.The capability of this model is evaluated by comparing the results of the numerical simulations with the corresponding experimental results,and the method itself is critically assessed.展开更多
This research aims to construct a case resource library for programming course,which can be used for either teachers’teaching or students’learning.The cases cannot be simply piled up but rather require a systematic ...This research aims to construct a case resource library for programming course,which can be used for either teachers’teaching or students’learning.The cases cannot be simply piled up but rather require a systematic planning.The solution to this is to design a case system model.The outcome-based education(OBE)concept is adopted to guide the research,and a three-dimensional case system model matching the course objectives is designed.Under the guidance of the model,the case resource library construction is more planned.Cases based on the model can provide all-round support for the cultivation of students’ability by gradually promoting knowledge and technology,frequently exercising one’s abilities,as well as expanding diverse and innovative problems.展开更多
Background: Binary as well as polytomous logistic models are widely used for estimating odds ratios when the exposure of prime interest assumes unordered multiple levels under matched pairs case-control design. In our...Background: Binary as well as polytomous logistic models are widely used for estimating odds ratios when the exposure of prime interest assumes unordered multiple levels under matched pairs case-control design. In our previous studies, we have shown that the use of a polytomous logistic model for estimating cumulative odds ratios when the outcome (response) variable is ordinal (in addition to being polytomous) under matched pairs case-control design. The cumulative odds ratios were estimated based on separate fitting of the model at each of the cutpoint level as compared to less than equal to that level. In this paper we propose an alternative method of estimating the cumulative odds ratios and reanalyze the Los Angeles Endometrial Cancer data in the context of dose levels of conjugated oestrogen exposure and development of endometrial cancer under the matched pair case-control design. Methods: In the present study, the cumulative logit model is fitted using a single multinomial logit model for the data. For this, the full maximum likelihood estimation procedure is adopted. A test for equality of the cumulative odds ratios across the exposure levels is proposed. Results: The analysis revealed that there is a strong evidence of risk for developing endometrial cancer due to oestrogen exposure above each of the three dose level as compared to less than equal to that level. The estimated values at the three cutpoint levels were found to be 6.17, 3.60 and 5.16 respectively. Conclusions: The odds of developing endometrial cancer are very high for the users of any amount of oestrogen, even if it is the least dose, as compared to the non-users.展开更多
Software Product Line Development advocates software reuse by modeling common and variable artefacts separately across members of a family of products. Aspect-Oriented Software Development aims at separation of concer...Software Product Line Development advocates software reuse by modeling common and variable artefacts separately across members of a family of products. Aspect-Oriented Software Development aims at separation of concerns with “aspects” to increase modularity, reusability, maintainability and ease of evolution. In this paper, we apply an as-pect-oriented use case modeling approach to product line system modeling. A use case specification captures stake-holders concerns as interactions between a system and its actors. We adapt our previous work with the introduction of a “variability” relationship for the expression of variabilities. This relationship is used to model variable and common behaviours across a family of products as use cases. A variability composition mechanism enables building of executa-ble behaviour models for each member of a product line family by integrating common elements with the applicable variable elements.展开更多
Oil spill modeling is an important technical measure to evaluate the impact of oil spills scientifically. Because of the great uncertainty in its early development, simulation results have not been used as the basis o...Oil spill modeling is an important technical measure to evaluate the impact of oil spills scientifically. Because of the great uncertainty in its early development, simulation results have not been used as the basis of judgments for environmental compensation cases. Despite this, scientific research institutes in many countries, including China, are still devoted to the research and development of oil spill models and their applications in environmental damage assessment, which makes it possible to apply them in the judicial arbitration of damages claims. The relevant regulations on the Chinese compensation fund for oil pollution damage from ships and the judicial authentication of environmental damage have also accredited such kind of modeling applications. In order to enhance the applicability of oil spill model further, it is necessary to expand its damage assessment function, and to test, calibrate and verify the accuracy of the evaluation. To this end, the author adopts the self-developed 3-dimentionaloil spill model—CWCM to simulate the “Tasman Sea” oil spill accident. By comparing the simulation results of tidal current field, wind field, oil spill trajectory with those observed, the model coding and parameter selection are corrected, and it is realized that the simulation being basically consistent with the measured results. In addition, the results of the scale reduced simulation test of oil spill weathering are applied verifying and perfecting the weathering model of CWCM. The technical requirements and process for operational application of oil spill model in judicial arbitration are also put forward. In view of the rapid simulation function, the operational updating program for oil spill weathering model, coupled current model and dynamic update wind field diagnostic model are put forward in order to further improve the operational evaluation function and evaluation efficiency of oil spill model.展开更多
The flipped classroom model differs significantly from the traditional classroom teaching model and offers numerous advantages. This article draws inspiration from the flipped classroom concept, using the “Innovation...The flipped classroom model differs significantly from the traditional classroom teaching model and offers numerous advantages. This article draws inspiration from the flipped classroom concept, using the “Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education and Practice (Theory)” course as an example to introduce the innovation and characteristics of the flipped classroom model: it is problem-oriented, addressing the “pain points” in teaching, motivating students towards “active learning,” and integrating diverse teaching methods. In the conclusion, the article proposed suggestions on the application of this model, encouraging teachers to summarize their teaching experiences, enhance their knowledge base, and foster students’ awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship.展开更多
Model checking techniques have been widely used in verifying web service compositions to ensure the trustworthi- ness. However, little research has focused on testing web services. Based on the research of model check...Model checking techniques have been widely used in verifying web service compositions to ensure the trustworthi- ness. However, little research has focused on testing web services. Based on the research of model checking techniques~ we propose a model checking based approach for testing web service composition which is described by using the web services choreography description language （WS-CDL）. According to worldwide web consortium （W3C） candidate recommendation, the WS-CDL specification provides a language for characterizing interactions between distinct web services using XML. Since the behaviors of web service composition are asynchronous, distributed, low-coupled and platform independent, we employ the guarded automata （GA） model for specifying the composition described in WS-CDL and using the simple promela interpreter （SPIN） model checker for detecting the collaborations of web services. Test cases can be transformed from counterexamples generated by SPIN using adequacy criteria. In this paper we apply the transition coverage criterion for generating counterex- amples. To illustrate our approach, we set ＂E-commerce service system＂ as an example for demonstrating how test cases can be generated using SPIN for compositions specified in WS-CDL.展开更多
根据角色模型 ,讨论了一个更加完全的 U ML角色 U se Case分析方法 .提倡使用角色的视点定义和分析UML Use Case,使用概念的角色 Use Case模型定义和分析系统的需求 .提出了运用 AOP和角色 U se Case法的求精 (refine)、实现 (realizati...根据角色模型 ,讨论了一个更加完全的 U ML角色 U se Case分析方法 .提倡使用角色的视点定义和分析UML Use Case,使用概念的角色 Use Case模型定义和分析系统的需求 .提出了运用 AOP和角色 U se Case法的求精 (refine)、实现 (realization)和反演 (reflection)的 3R机制与 U ML相结合 ,跨越系统分析和设计之间的鸿沟 .为开发可构造、可扩充的开放式软件系统提供了一些方法和手段 .展开更多
大语言模型(large language model,LLM)为医学教育带来新机遇。文章考察LLM在病例生成、个性化教学及智能评估方面的技术基础与应用手段。借助合理挑选模型、提示词,开展多模态融合与学术校正,LLM可生成仿真教学案例,利于临床推理训练;...大语言模型(large language model,LLM)为医学教育带来新机遇。文章考察LLM在病例生成、个性化教学及智能评估方面的技术基础与应用手段。借助合理挑选模型、提示词,开展多模态融合与学术校正,LLM可生成仿真教学案例,利于临床推理训练;将学生画像与学习行为结合,LLM可实现路径推荐、内容定制的操作,提升教学适配度;LLM助力构建涵盖医学准确性、逻辑结构与因果推理方面的多维评分体系,产出个性化反馈内容。当前LLM仍面临幻觉与知识更新滞后等挑战,未来应加强人机协同、数据安全与标准资源建设,从而推动医学教育向智能化、规范化发展。展开更多
文摘Domain analysis is essential to core assets development in software product line engineering. Most existing approaches, however, depend on domain experts’ experience to analyze the commonality and variability of systems in a domain, which remains a manual and intensive process. This paper addresses the issue by proposing a model-driven approach to automating the domain requirements derivation process. The paper focuses on the match between the use cases of existing individual products and the domain functional requirements of a product line. By introducing a set of linguistic description dimensions to differentiate the sub-variations in a use case, the use case template is extended to model variability. To this end, a transformation process is formulated to sustain and deduce the information in use cases, and to match it to domain functional requirements. This paper also presents a prototype which implements the derivation as a model transformation described in a graphical model transformation language MOLA. This approach complements existing domain analysis techniques with less manual operation cost and more efficiency by automating the domain functional requirements development.
文摘Objective: to consider the clinical application of case management mode during the clinical nursing intervention for breast cancer patients. Methods: we selected 80 patients (ER) received during May, 2020- June, 2021, and divided them into 2 groups, namely, the experimental group (case management mode, n=40 cases) and the control group (general management mode, n=40 cases), comparing clinical compliance and clinical knowledge of 2 patients. Results: in the 2 groups, the clinical compliance and relevant knowledge of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group, and had statistical advantages (P <0.05).Conclusion: for the postoperative adjuvant treatment of breast cancer patients, the implementation of case management mode is beneficial to enhance the clinical compliance of patients and promote patients to fully master the disease knowledge, which has certain guiding significance for strengthening disease management, prolonging patient survival and enhancing patient quality of life.
文摘The mechanical behaviour of a quasi-brittle material,i.e.Pietra Serena sandstone,was investigated both numerically and experimentally in order to build a reliable numerical modelling system applicable to more complex cases.The Karagozian and Case concrete(KCC)model was exploited as the material constitutive law and a new method to utilise this model for efficient and accurate simulation of quasibrittle materials is discussed.The capability of this model is evaluated by comparing the results of the numerical simulations with the corresponding experimental results,and the method itself is critically assessed.
基金The“OBE-Oriented Programming Course Practice Teaching Research and Resource Construction”Project supported by the Association of Fundamental Computing Education in Chinese Universities in 2021.(Project Number:2021-AFCEC-246)。
文摘This research aims to construct a case resource library for programming course,which can be used for either teachers’teaching or students’learning.The cases cannot be simply piled up but rather require a systematic planning.The solution to this is to design a case system model.The outcome-based education(OBE)concept is adopted to guide the research,and a three-dimensional case system model matching the course objectives is designed.Under the guidance of the model,the case resource library construction is more planned.Cases based on the model can provide all-round support for the cultivation of students’ability by gradually promoting knowledge and technology,frequently exercising one’s abilities,as well as expanding diverse and innovative problems.
文摘Background: Binary as well as polytomous logistic models are widely used for estimating odds ratios when the exposure of prime interest assumes unordered multiple levels under matched pairs case-control design. In our previous studies, we have shown that the use of a polytomous logistic model for estimating cumulative odds ratios when the outcome (response) variable is ordinal (in addition to being polytomous) under matched pairs case-control design. The cumulative odds ratios were estimated based on separate fitting of the model at each of the cutpoint level as compared to less than equal to that level. In this paper we propose an alternative method of estimating the cumulative odds ratios and reanalyze the Los Angeles Endometrial Cancer data in the context of dose levels of conjugated oestrogen exposure and development of endometrial cancer under the matched pair case-control design. Methods: In the present study, the cumulative logit model is fitted using a single multinomial logit model for the data. For this, the full maximum likelihood estimation procedure is adopted. A test for equality of the cumulative odds ratios across the exposure levels is proposed. Results: The analysis revealed that there is a strong evidence of risk for developing endometrial cancer due to oestrogen exposure above each of the three dose level as compared to less than equal to that level. The estimated values at the three cutpoint levels were found to be 6.17, 3.60 and 5.16 respectively. Conclusions: The odds of developing endometrial cancer are very high for the users of any amount of oestrogen, even if it is the least dose, as compared to the non-users.
文摘Software Product Line Development advocates software reuse by modeling common and variable artefacts separately across members of a family of products. Aspect-Oriented Software Development aims at separation of concerns with “aspects” to increase modularity, reusability, maintainability and ease of evolution. In this paper, we apply an as-pect-oriented use case modeling approach to product line system modeling. A use case specification captures stake-holders concerns as interactions between a system and its actors. We adapt our previous work with the introduction of a “variability” relationship for the expression of variabilities. This relationship is used to model variable and common behaviours across a family of products as use cases. A variability composition mechanism enables building of executa-ble behaviour models for each member of a product line family by integrating common elements with the applicable variable elements.
文摘Oil spill modeling is an important technical measure to evaluate the impact of oil spills scientifically. Because of the great uncertainty in its early development, simulation results have not been used as the basis of judgments for environmental compensation cases. Despite this, scientific research institutes in many countries, including China, are still devoted to the research and development of oil spill models and their applications in environmental damage assessment, which makes it possible to apply them in the judicial arbitration of damages claims. The relevant regulations on the Chinese compensation fund for oil pollution damage from ships and the judicial authentication of environmental damage have also accredited such kind of modeling applications. In order to enhance the applicability of oil spill model further, it is necessary to expand its damage assessment function, and to test, calibrate and verify the accuracy of the evaluation. To this end, the author adopts the self-developed 3-dimentionaloil spill model—CWCM to simulate the “Tasman Sea” oil spill accident. By comparing the simulation results of tidal current field, wind field, oil spill trajectory with those observed, the model coding and parameter selection are corrected, and it is realized that the simulation being basically consistent with the measured results. In addition, the results of the scale reduced simulation test of oil spill weathering are applied verifying and perfecting the weathering model of CWCM. The technical requirements and process for operational application of oil spill model in judicial arbitration are also put forward. In view of the rapid simulation function, the operational updating program for oil spill weathering model, coupled current model and dynamic update wind field diagnostic model are put forward in order to further improve the operational evaluation function and evaluation efficiency of oil spill model.
文摘The flipped classroom model differs significantly from the traditional classroom teaching model and offers numerous advantages. This article draws inspiration from the flipped classroom concept, using the “Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education and Practice (Theory)” course as an example to introduce the innovation and characteristics of the flipped classroom model: it is problem-oriented, addressing the “pain points” in teaching, motivating students towards “active learning,” and integrating diverse teaching methods. In the conclusion, the article proposed suggestions on the application of this model, encouraging teachers to summarize their teaching experiences, enhance their knowledge base, and foster students’ awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship.
基金Project supported by the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering(Grant No.SKLSE20080712)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60970007)+2 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2007CB310800)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(Grant No.J50103)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.09DZ2272600)
文摘Model checking techniques have been widely used in verifying web service compositions to ensure the trustworthi- ness. However, little research has focused on testing web services. Based on the research of model checking techniques~ we propose a model checking based approach for testing web service composition which is described by using the web services choreography description language （WS-CDL）. According to worldwide web consortium （W3C） candidate recommendation, the WS-CDL specification provides a language for characterizing interactions between distinct web services using XML. Since the behaviors of web service composition are asynchronous, distributed, low-coupled and platform independent, we employ the guarded automata （GA） model for specifying the composition described in WS-CDL and using the simple promela interpreter （SPIN） model checker for detecting the collaborations of web services. Test cases can be transformed from counterexamples generated by SPIN using adequacy criteria. In this paper we apply the transition coverage criterion for generating counterex- amples. To illustrate our approach, we set ＂E-commerce service system＂ as an example for demonstrating how test cases can be generated using SPIN for compositions specified in WS-CDL.
文摘根据角色模型 ,讨论了一个更加完全的 U ML角色 U se Case分析方法 .提倡使用角色的视点定义和分析UML Use Case,使用概念的角色 Use Case模型定义和分析系统的需求 .提出了运用 AOP和角色 U se Case法的求精 (refine)、实现 (realization)和反演 (reflection)的 3R机制与 U ML相结合 ,跨越系统分析和设计之间的鸿沟 .为开发可构造、可扩充的开放式软件系统提供了一些方法和手段 .
文摘大语言模型(large language model,LLM)为医学教育带来新机遇。文章考察LLM在病例生成、个性化教学及智能评估方面的技术基础与应用手段。借助合理挑选模型、提示词,开展多模态融合与学术校正,LLM可生成仿真教学案例,利于临床推理训练;将学生画像与学习行为结合,LLM可实现路径推荐、内容定制的操作,提升教学适配度;LLM助力构建涵盖医学准确性、逻辑结构与因果推理方面的多维评分体系,产出个性化反馈内容。当前LLM仍面临幻觉与知识更新滞后等挑战,未来应加强人机协同、数据安全与标准资源建设,从而推动医学教育向智能化、规范化发展。
